Post-weaning diarrhea(PWD)is a globally significant threat to the swine industry.Historically,antibi-otics as well as high doses of zinc oxide and copper sulfate have been commonly used to control PWD.However,the deve...Post-weaning diarrhea(PWD)is a globally significant threat to the swine industry.Historically,antibi-otics as well as high doses of zinc oxide and copper sulfate have been commonly used to control PWD.However,the development of bacterial resistance and environmental pollution have created an interest in alternative strategies.In recent years,the research surrounding these alternative strategies and the mechanisms of piglet diarrhea has been continually updated.Mechanically,diarrhea in piglets is a result of an imbalance in intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption and secretion.In general,enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)and diarrheal viruses are known to cause an imbalance in the absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets,resulting in diarrhea when Cl-secretion-driven fluid secretion surpasses absorptive capacity.From a perspective of feedstuffs,factors that contribute to imbalances in fluid absorption and secretion in the intestines of weaned piglets include high levels of crude protein(CP),stimulation by certain antigenic proteins,high acid-binding capacity(ABC),and contamination with deoxynivalenol(DON)in the diet.In response,efforts to reduce CP levels in diets,select feedstuffs with lower ABC values,and process feedstuffs using physical,chemical,and biological approaches are important strategies for alleviating PWD in piglets.Additionally,the diet supplementa-tion with additives such as vitamins and natural products can also play a role in reducing the diarrhea incidence in weaned piglets.Here,we examine the mechanisms of absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets,summarize nutritional strategies to control PWD in piglets from the perspective of feeds,and provide new insights towards future research directions.展开更多
Constipation is common in the diseases of the digestive system in clinics.With the change in diet structure and the increase in life pressure,the prevalence rate increases year by year.In traditional Chinese medicine(...Constipation is common in the diseases of the digestive system in clinics.With the change in diet structure and the increase in life pressure,the prevalence rate increases year by year.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the location of the disease of constipation is in the large intestine,which is related to the dysfunction of lung,spleen,liver,kidney and other viscera.Its pathogenesis is conductive dysfunction of large intestine.Based on the theory,Shouhui Tongbian Capsule(SHTB)is composed of eight traditional Chinese medicines,including Polygoni multiflori Radix(Heshouwu in Chinese),Aloe(Luhui in Chinese),Cassiae Semen(Juemingzi in Chinese),Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Renshen in Chinese),Lycii Fructus(Gouqizi in Chinese),Asini Corii Colla(Ejiao in Chinese),Aurantii Fructus Immaturus(Zhishi in Chinese),and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu in Chinese),which could help to release excessive turbid,and nourishing yin and supplementing qi in the treatment.This study has been carried out to review the latest advances of SHTB in the treatment of constipation.The results showed that significant effect of SHTB was found in the treatment of constipation,such as functional constipation,and constipation associated with tumor chemotherapy,colitis,type 2 diabetes and chronic cardiac failure.Besides,obvious adverse reactions were not observed.SHTB could effectively treat five types of constipation,provide direction for the future exploration of SHTB in the treatment of other types of constipation。展开更多
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272889)the National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs(NCTIP XD/B04)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023ZHYZ0007)the Southwest University Graduate Student Research and Innovation Program(SWUB23063).
文摘Post-weaning diarrhea(PWD)is a globally significant threat to the swine industry.Historically,antibi-otics as well as high doses of zinc oxide and copper sulfate have been commonly used to control PWD.However,the development of bacterial resistance and environmental pollution have created an interest in alternative strategies.In recent years,the research surrounding these alternative strategies and the mechanisms of piglet diarrhea has been continually updated.Mechanically,diarrhea in piglets is a result of an imbalance in intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption and secretion.In general,enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)and diarrheal viruses are known to cause an imbalance in the absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets,resulting in diarrhea when Cl-secretion-driven fluid secretion surpasses absorptive capacity.From a perspective of feedstuffs,factors that contribute to imbalances in fluid absorption and secretion in the intestines of weaned piglets include high levels of crude protein(CP),stimulation by certain antigenic proteins,high acid-binding capacity(ABC),and contamination with deoxynivalenol(DON)in the diet.In response,efforts to reduce CP levels in diets,select feedstuffs with lower ABC values,and process feedstuffs using physical,chemical,and biological approaches are important strategies for alleviating PWD in piglets.Additionally,the diet supplementa-tion with additives such as vitamins and natural products can also play a role in reducing the diarrhea incidence in weaned piglets.Here,we examine the mechanisms of absorption and secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes in piglets,summarize nutritional strategies to control PWD in piglets from the perspective of feeds,and provide new insights towards future research directions.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3502100)Cutting Edge Development Fund of Advanced Medical Research Institute,Lunan Hope Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.(No.1520019013)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Program for Clinical Medicine of Jinan(No.202019132)Cultivation Fund Program of the Second Hospital of Shandong University(No.2022YP14).
文摘Constipation is common in the diseases of the digestive system in clinics.With the change in diet structure and the increase in life pressure,the prevalence rate increases year by year.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the location of the disease of constipation is in the large intestine,which is related to the dysfunction of lung,spleen,liver,kidney and other viscera.Its pathogenesis is conductive dysfunction of large intestine.Based on the theory,Shouhui Tongbian Capsule(SHTB)is composed of eight traditional Chinese medicines,including Polygoni multiflori Radix(Heshouwu in Chinese),Aloe(Luhui in Chinese),Cassiae Semen(Juemingzi in Chinese),Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Renshen in Chinese),Lycii Fructus(Gouqizi in Chinese),Asini Corii Colla(Ejiao in Chinese),Aurantii Fructus Immaturus(Zhishi in Chinese),and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu in Chinese),which could help to release excessive turbid,and nourishing yin and supplementing qi in the treatment.This study has been carried out to review the latest advances of SHTB in the treatment of constipation.The results showed that significant effect of SHTB was found in the treatment of constipation,such as functional constipation,and constipation associated with tumor chemotherapy,colitis,type 2 diabetes and chronic cardiac failure.Besides,obvious adverse reactions were not observed.SHTB could effectively treat five types of constipation,provide direction for the future exploration of SHTB in the treatment of other types of constipation。
