The global supply chain turbulence has increased the difficulty of protecting foreign well-known trademarks.Although there are many studies on cross-border trademark rights protection in academia,there is relatively l...The global supply chain turbulence has increased the difficulty of protecting foreign well-known trademarks.Although there are many studies on cross-border trademark rights protection in academia,there is relatively little research on its risk mitigation effectiveness in the context of supply chain fluctuations.Based on case studies of commercial law and data statistics,the study explores the relationship between protection efficiency and market response through legal applicability.Due to the long litigation cycle and uneven law enforcement,there are differences in market regulation,weakening the protection of well-known trademarks and exacerbating supply chain uncertainty.Strengthening international legal framework cooperation and promoting law enforcement linkage can enhance protection effectiveness.In theory,enriching the theory of cross-border trademark protection and expanding research on brand rights protection in the context of global supply chains.In practice,it helps enterprises adjust their trademark layout,avoid legal risks,and improve market competitiveness.Due to the complexity of the legal environment and limitations in data acquisition,future research will strengthen data analysis,promote international cooperation in intelligent supervision,and build a more efficient cross-border well-known trademark protection mechanism.展开更多
We developed an imaging technique combining two-photon computed super-resolution microscopy and suction-based stabilization to achieve the resolution of the single-cell level and organelles in vivo.To accomplish this,...We developed an imaging technique combining two-photon computed super-resolution microscopy and suction-based stabilization to achieve the resolution of the single-cell level and organelles in vivo.To accomplish this,a conventional two-photon microscope was equipped with a 3D-printed holders,which stabilize the tissue surface within the focal plane of immersion objectives.Further computational image stabilization and noise reduction were applied,followed by superresolution radial fluctuations(SRRF)analysis,doubling image resolution,and enhancing signal-to-noise ratios for in vivo subcellular process investigation.Stabilization of<1μm was obtained by suction,and<25 nm were achieved by subsequent algorithmic image stabilization.A Mito-Dendra2 mouse model,expressing green fluorescent protein(GFP)in mitochondria,demonstrated the potential of long-term intravital subcellular imaging.In vivo mitochondrial fission and fusion,mitochondrial status migration,and the effects of alcohol consumption(modeled as an alcoholic liver disease)and berberine treatment on hepatocyte mitochondrial dynamics are directly observed intravitally.Suction-based stabilization in two-photon intravital imaging,coupled with computational super-resolution holds promise for advancing in vivo subcellular imaging studies.展开更多
A coalescence model was employed to form deuterons(d),tritons(t),and helium-3(^(3)He)nuclei from a uniformly-distributed volume of protons(p)and neutrons(n).We studied the ratio N_(t)N_(p)/N_(d)^(2)of light nuclei yie...A coalescence model was employed to form deuterons(d),tritons(t),and helium-3(^(3)He)nuclei from a uniformly-distributed volume of protons(p)and neutrons(n).We studied the ratio N_(t)N_(p)/N_(d)^(2)of light nuclei yields as a function of the neutron density fluctuations.We investigated the effect of finite transverse momentum(p_(T))acceptance on the ratio,in particular,the“extrapolation factor”(f)for the ratio as a function of the p_(T)spectral shape and the magnitude of neutron density fluctuations.The nature of f was found to be monotonic in p_(T)spectra“temperature”parameter and neutron density fluctuation magnitude;variations in the latter are relatively small.We also examined f in realistic simulations using the kinematic distributions of protons measured from the heavy-ion collision data.The nature of f was found to be smooth and monotonic as a function of the beam energy.Therefore,we conclude that extrapolation from limited p_(T)ranges does not create,enhance,or reduce the local peak of the N_(t)N_(p)/N_(d)^(2)ratio in the beam energy.Our study provides a necessary benchmark for light nuclei ratios as a probe for nucleon density fluctuations,an important observation in the search for the critical point of nuclear matter.展开更多
Recent various experiments have provided evidence supporting the emergence of loop-current order in kagome metals. Particularly superconductivity in AV_(3)Sb_(5) is significantly enhanced when this charge order is sup...Recent various experiments have provided evidence supporting the emergence of loop-current order in kagome metals. Particularly superconductivity in AV_(3)Sb_(5) is significantly enhanced when this charge order is suppressed by pressure or doping. Distinct from magnetic order, loop-current order does not couple directly to spin and thus whether such fluctuations can enhance superconductivity remains elusive. We design a sign problem-free bilayer kagome model coupled to quantum Ising spins through bond currents and perform determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations to explore single-particle properties and superconductivity arising from 2 × 2 loopcurrent fluctuations. We find that this loop-current order induces intriguing band folding, band broadening,and gap opening around saddle points. Remarkably, our pairing susceptibility analysis identifies a dominant enhancement of superconductivity due to loop-current fluctuations, with the dominant pairing being the chiral d-wave channel. This pairing primarily occurs within the intra-sublattice channel and involves third nearestneighbor sites, attributed to the unique sublattice texture associated with van Hove singularities. We also discuss potential experimental implications for kagome superconductors.展开更多
Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution(RFI-QKD)can avoid real-time calibration operation of reference frames and improve the efficiency of the communication process.However,due to imperfections of optica...Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution(RFI-QKD)can avoid real-time calibration operation of reference frames and improve the efficiency of the communication process.However,due to imperfections of optical devices,there will inevitably exist intensity fluctuations in the source side of the QKD system,which will affect the final secure key rate.To reduce the influence of intensity fluctuations,an improved 3-intensity RFI-QKD scheme is proposed in this paper.After considering statistical fluctuations and implementing global parameter optimization,we conduct corresponding simulation analysis.The results show that our present work can present both higher key rate and a farther transmission distance than the standard method.展开更多
Water level fluctuations(WLFs)constituted a dominant factor controlling the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems but the mechanism of WLFs on phytoplankton community structure was still unknown.We investiga...Water level fluctuations(WLFs)constituted a dominant factor controlling the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems but the mechanism of WLFs on phytoplankton community structure was still unknown.We investigated the characteristics of phytoplankton community structure in Xiangxi Bay from January 2017 to December 2020.Results indicated water level(WL)of the Three Gorges Reservoir was divided into four distinct stages:the decreasing stage(DS),the low water level stage(LS),the storage stage(SS),and the high water level stage(HS).Notably,Cyanophyta predominated during the LS,with Microcystis sp.being the dominant species.Bacillariophyta was predominant in other three WL stages,with Melosira sp.and Cyclotella sp.as the dominant species.The highest biomass appeared in LS,whereas the lowest appeared in HS.Moreover,alpha diversity appeared to be lower in both HS and LS compared to DS and SS.Redundancy analysis showed WL as the key driver of phytoplankton community.Partial least squares path model analyses demonstrated that WL not only altered chemical factors(path coefficient=-0.62,P<0.01),thereby leading to changes in phytoplankton biomass(path coefficient=0.56,P<0.01),but also changed the physical factors(path coefficient=-0.69,P<0.01)and consequently had an impact on phytoplankton biomass(path coefficient=0.33,P<0.01).Furthermore,WL influenced phytoplankton diversity by altering chemical and physical factors.In conclusion,WL was an important factor influencing phytoplankton community,which implied that reservoir operation was the potential strategy to regulate phytoplankton communities.展开更多
The floodplain of the Yellow River is a typical area characterized by redox fluctuations and heavy metal pollution.However,the mobilization behavior of heavy metals in floodplain sediments during redox fluctuations re...The floodplain of the Yellow River is a typical area characterized by redox fluctuations and heavy metal pollution.However,the mobilization behavior of heavy metals in floodplain sediments during redox fluctuations remains poorly understood.In this study,reductive mobilization of Fe and Mn was observed under reducing environments through reduction and dissolution,leading to the subsequent release of adsorbed As.In contrast,the mobilization of U occurred under oxic conditions,as the oxidative state of U(VI)has higher solubility.Furthermore,insignificant effects on the mobilization of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Hg were noticed during redox fluctuations,indicating higher stability of these heavymetals.Additionally,we demonstrated that carbon sources can play a key role in the mobilization of heavy metals in floodplain sediments,amplifying the reductive mobilization of Fe,Mn,As and the oxidative mobilization of U.Our findings contribute to the understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of heavy metal in floodplain sediments of the Yellow River and the factors that control this cycling.展开更多
This study investigated the fluctuations in the relationship between the Silk Road Pattern(SRP)and the boreal summer North Atlantic Oscillation(SNAO).The results indicated that the SRP–SNAO relationship was relativel...This study investigated the fluctuations in the relationship between the Silk Road Pattern(SRP)and the boreal summer North Atlantic Oscillation(SNAO).The results indicated that the SRP–SNAO relationship was relatively weak during 1958–2022,which was primarily due to fluctuations,particularly the reversal in their relationship since the late 1990s.Using wavelet coherence analysis,the authors identified a strong SRP–SNAO linkage on a 4–8-yr timescale,in particular during the mid-1970s to the early/mid-1990s.This strong linkage is mainly attributable to the intensification and eastward movement of the southern part of the SNAO around the mid/late 1970s,which favored the strong connection between the SNAO and the SRP.Additionally,the interdecadal changes of the atmospheric circulations over the North Atlantic and Eurasia around the mid/late 1970s that resembled the circulation anomalies related to the strong SRP–SNAO linkage,may also have provided a favorable background for the strong connection between the two teleconnections.These findings on the fluctuations in the SRP–SNAO linkage may offer important implications for understanding the impact of the SNAO on the SRP and the variability of the SRP.展开更多
In this study,we examined the thermal fluctuations,deflection angle,and greybody factor of a high-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole in scalar-tensor-vector gravity(STVG).We calculated some thermodynamic quantities ...In this study,we examined the thermal fluctuations,deflection angle,and greybody factor of a high-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole in scalar-tensor-vector gravity(STVG).We calculated some thermodynamic quantities related to the correction of the black hole entropy caused by thermal fluctuations and discussed the effect of the correction parameters on these quantities.By analyzing the changes in the corrected specific heat,we found that thermal fluctuations made the small black hole more stable.It is worth noting that the STVG parameter did not affect the thermodynamic stability of this black hole.Additionally,by utilizing the Gauss-Bonnet theorem,the deflection angle was obtained in the weak field limit,and the effects of the two parameters on the results were visualized.Finally,we calculated the bounds on the greybody factor of a massless scalar field.We observed that as the STVG parameter around the black hole increased,the weak deflection angle became larger,and more scalar particles can reach infinity.However,the spacetime dimension has the opposite effect on the STVG parameter on the weak deflection angle and greybody factor.展开更多
Relativistic isobar^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zrcollisions have revealed intricate differences in their nuclear size and shape,inspiring unconventional studies of nuclear structure using relat...Relativistic isobar^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zrcollisions have revealed intricate differences in their nuclear size and shape,inspiring unconventional studies of nuclear structure using relativistic heavy ion collisions.In this study,we investigate the relative differences in the mean multiplicityR_(<Nch>)and the secondR_(ε2)and third-order eccentricityR_(ε3)between isobar collisions using initial state Glauber models.It is found that initial fluctuations and nuclear deformations have negligible effects on R_(<Nch>)in most central collisions,while both are important for the R_(ε2)and R_(ε3),the degree of which is sensitive to the underlying nucleonic or sub-nucleonic degree of freedom.These features,compared to real data,may probe the particle production mechanism and the physics underlying nuclear structure.展开更多
To evaluate the regularity of resilient modulus for hot-mix asphalt(HMA) under large temperature fluctuations,back propagation(BP) neural network technology was used to analyze the continuous change of HMA resilient m...To evaluate the regularity of resilient modulus for hot-mix asphalt(HMA) under large temperature fluctuations,back propagation(BP) neural network technology was used to analyze the continuous change of HMA resilient modulus.Firstly,based on the abundant data,the training model of HMA resilient modulus was established by using BP neural network technology.Subsequently,BP neural network prediction and regression analysis were performed,and the prediction model of HMA resilient modulus at different temperatures(-50℃ to 60℃) was obtained,which fully considered multi-factor and nonlinearity.Finally,the fitted theoretical model can be used to evaluate the HMA performance under the condition of large temperature fluctuations,and the rationality of theoretical model was verified by taking Harbin region as an example.It was found that the relationship between HMA resilient modulus and temperatures can be described by inverse tangent function.And the key parameters of theoretical model can be used to evaluate the continuous change characteristics of HMA resilient modulus with large temperature fluctuations.The results can further improve the HMA performance evaluation system and have certain theoretical value.展开更多
In nuclear reactors,temperature fluctuations of fluids may cause fatigue damage to adjacent structures;this is referred to as thermal striping.Research on thermal striping in the upper plenum has mainly focused on flu...In nuclear reactors,temperature fluctuations of fluids may cause fatigue damage to adjacent structures;this is referred to as thermal striping.Research on thermal striping in the upper plenum has mainly focused on fluid fields.Few experimental studies have been reported on solid structures in a fluid field with a coaxial jet.This study entailed an experimental study of the temperature fluctuations in the fluid and on a plate surface caused by a coaxial jet.The temperature fluctuations of the fluid and plate surfaces located at different heights were analyzed.The cause of the temperature fluctuation was analyzed using a transient temperature distribution.The results show that the mixing of the hot and cold fluids gradually becomes uniform in the positive axial direction.The average surface temperatures tended to be consistent.When the jet reaches the plate surface,the swing of the jet center,contraction and expansion of the cold jet,and changes in the jet shape result in temperature fluctuations.The intensity of the temperature fluctuation was affected by the position.More attention should be paid when the plate is located at a lower height,and between the hot and cold-fluid nozzles.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have large fluctuations in blood glucose(BG),abnormal metabolic function and low immunity to varying degrees,which increases the risk of malignant tumor diseases ...BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have large fluctuations in blood glucose(BG),abnormal metabolic function and low immunity to varying degrees,which increases the risk of malignant tumor diseases and affects the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy.Controlling hyperglycemia may have important therapeutic implications for cancer patients.AIM To clarify the influence of BG fluctuations on chemotherapy efficacy and safety in T2DM patients complicated with lung carcinoma(LC).METHODS The clinical data of 60 T2DM+LC patients who presented to the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University between January 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent chemotherapy and were grouped as a control group(CG;normal BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation<3.9 mmol/L)and an observation group(OG;high BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation≥3.9 mmol/L)based on their BG fluctuations,with 30 cases each.BGrelated indices,tumor markers,serum inflammatory cytokines and adverse reactions were comparatively analyzed.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between BG fluctuations and tumor markers.RESULTS The fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in the OG were notably elevated compared with those in the CG,together with markedly higher mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE),mean of daily differences,largest amplitude of glycemic excursions and standard deviation of blood glucose(P<0.05).In addition,the OG exhibited evidently higher levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9,carbohydrate antigen 125,carcinoembryonic antigen,neuron-specific enolase,cytokeratin 19,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and highsensitivity C-reactive protein than the CG(P<0.05).Pearson analysis revealed a positive association of MAGE with serum tumor markers.The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly higher in the OG than in the CG(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The greater the BG fluctuation in LC patients after chemotherapy,the more unfavorable the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy;the higher the level of tumor markers and inflammatory cytokines,the more adverse reactions the patient experiences.展开更多
Recently discovered Ba_(2)CuO_(4-y)provides new perspectives to the study of high-temperature superconductivity.Whereas,little is known about the spin dynamics of this material.In this work,we employ the fluctuation e...Recently discovered Ba_(2)CuO_(4-y)provides new perspectives to the study of high-temperature superconductivity.Whereas,little is known about the spin dynamics of this material.In this work,we employ the fluctuation exchange(FLEX)approximation within the framework of spin-fluctuation mediated superconductivity to examine the behavior of the spin fluctuations of a two-orbital Hubbard model for Ba_(2)CuO_(4-y).Our calculations reveal an extraordinary spin resonance mode coupled to the superconducting state in the hole-underdoped regime.Furthermore,we confirm that the coupling between the electrons and this resonance mode can lead to a dip-like feature in the electronic spectrum as a feedback effect.In the hole-overdoped regime,by incorporating self energy into our calculations,we obtain orbital-dependent renormalizations and show how these self-energy effects can lead to the detailed gap structures and the orbital-selective superconductivity,which could not be obtained in a previous study using random phase approximation(RPA).This research may shed new light on searching for unconventional superconductors with higher transition temperatures.展开更多
AIM:To study functional brain abnormalities in patients with hypertensive retinopathy(HR)and to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of HR by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFFs)method.METHO...AIM:To study functional brain abnormalities in patients with hypertensive retinopathy(HR)and to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of HR by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFFs)method.METHODS:Twenty HR patients and 20 healthy controls(HCs)were respectively recruited.The age,gender,and educational background characteristics of the two groups were similar.After functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)scanning,the subjects’spontaneous brain activity was evaluated with the fALFF method.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to classify the data.Further,we used Pearson’s correlation analysis to explore the relationship between fALFF values in specific brain regions and clinical behaviors in patients with HR.RESULTS:The brain areas of the HR group with lower fALFF values than HCs were the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus(RO-MFG)and right lingual gyrus.In contrast,the values of fALFFs in the left middle temporal gyrus(MTG),left superior temporal pole(STP),left middle frontal gyrus(MFG),left superior marginal gyrus(SMG),left superior parietal lobule(SPL),and right supplementary motor area(SMA)were higher in the HR group.The results of a t-test showed that the average values of fALFFs were statistically significantly different in the HR group and HC group(P<0.001).The fALFF values of the left middle frontal gyrus in HR patients were positively correlated with anxiety scores(r=0.9232;P<0.0001)and depression scores(r=0.9682;P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:fALFF values in multiple brain regions of HR patients are abnormal,suggesting that these brain regions in HR patients may be dysfunctional,which may help to reveal the pathophysiological mechanisms of HR.展开更多
In the cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI)with supercapacitor and dc-dc stage,inherent second-order harmonic power flows through each submodule(SM),causing fluctuations in both the dc-link voltage and the dc-dc current.T...In the cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI)with supercapacitor and dc-dc stage,inherent second-order harmonic power flows through each submodule(SM),causing fluctuations in both the dc-link voltage and the dc-dc current.There exist limitations in handling these fluctuations at variable output frequencies when employing proportional-integral(PI)control to the dc-dc stage.This paper aims to coordinately control these second-order harmonic voltage and current fluctuations in the CHBI.The presented method configures a specific second-order harmonic voltage reference,equipped with a maximum voltage fluctuation constraint and a suitable phase,for the dc-dc stage.A PI-resonant controller is used to track the configured reference.This allows for regulating the second-order harmonic fluctuation in the average dc-link voltage among the SMs within a certain value.Importantly,the second-order harmonic fluctuation in the dc-dc current can also be reduced.Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.展开更多
A novel method to characterize CMOS process fluctuations in subthreshold current mirrors （SCM） is reported. The proposed model is succinct in methodology and calculation complexity compared with previous statistical...A novel method to characterize CMOS process fluctuations in subthreshold current mirrors （SCM） is reported. The proposed model is succinct in methodology and calculation complexity compared with previous statistical models. However,it provides favorable estimations of CMOS process fluctuations on the SCM circuit, which makes it promising for engineering applications. The model statistically abstracts physical parameters, which depend on the IC process, into random variables with certain mean values and standard deviations, while aggregating all the random impacts into a discrete martingale. The correctness of the proposed method is experimentally verified on an SCM circuit implemented in an SMIC 0.18μm CMOS 1P6M mixed signal process with a conversion factor of 100 in an input range from 100pA to lμA. The pro- posed theory successfully predicts - 10% of die-to-die fluctuation measured in the experiment, and also suggests the -lmV of threshold voltage standard deviation over a single die,which meets the process parameters suggested by the design kit from the foundry. The deviations between calculated probabilities and measured data are less than 8%. Meanwhile, pertinent suggestions concerning high fluctuation tolerance subthreshold analog circuit design are also made and discussed.展开更多
Twin-field quantum key distribution(TF-QKD)is a disruptive innovation which is able to overcome the rate-distance limit of QKD without trusted relays.Since the proposal of the first TF-QKD protocol,theoretical and exp...Twin-field quantum key distribution(TF-QKD)is a disruptive innovation which is able to overcome the rate-distance limit of QKD without trusted relays.Since the proposal of the first TF-QKD protocol,theoretical and experimental breakthroughs have been made to enhance its ability.However,there still exist some practical issues waiting for settlement.In this paper,we examine the performances of asymmetric TF-QKD protocol with unstable light sources and limited data sizes.The statistical fluctuations of the parameters are estimated employing Azuma’s inequality.Through numerical simulations,we compare the secret key rates of the asymmetric TF-QKD protocol with different data sizes and variant intensity fluctuation magnitudes.Our results demonstrate that both statistical and intensity fluctuations have significant impacts on the performance of asymmetric TF-QKD.展开更多
A novel electromagnetic probe array(EMPA) diagnostic, which consists of a magnetic probe array and an electrostatic probe array, has recently been developed on EAST. The EMPA is fixed near the first wall at horizontal...A novel electromagnetic probe array(EMPA) diagnostic, which consists of a magnetic probe array and an electrostatic probe array, has recently been developed on EAST. The EMPA is fixed near the first wall at horizontal port P. The magnetic probe array of the EMPA consists of 24 identical magnetic probes, each of them capable of measuring toroidal, poloidal and radial magnetic fluctuations simultaneously, providing additional toroidal magnetic fluctuation measurements compared with the regular magnetic probes on EAST. With a higher sampling rate and self-resonant frequency, the EMPA magnetic probes can provide higher frequency magnetic fluctuation measurements. The magnetic probe array of the EMPA is composed of two parallel layers of magnetic probes with a radial distance of 63 mm, and each layer of magnetic probes is arranged in four poloidal rows and three toroidal columns. The compact arrangement of the EMPA magnetic probe array largely improves the toroidal mode number measurement ability from-8≤ n≤ 8 to-112≤ n≤ 112, and also improves the high poloidal wave number measurement ability of magnetic fluctuations compared with the regular high frequency magnetic probes on EAST. The electrostatic probe array of the EMPA consists of two sets of four-tip probes and a single-tip probe array with three poloidal rows and four toroidal columns. It complements the electrostatic parameter measurements behind the main limiter and near the first wall in EAST. The engineering details of the EMPA diagnostic, including the mechanical system, the electrical system, the acquisition and control system, and the effective area calibration, are presented. The preliminary applications of the EMPA in L-mode and H-mode discharges on EAST have demonstrated that the EMPA works well for providing information on the magnetic and electrostatic fluctuations and can contribute to deeper physical analysis in future EAST experiments.展开更多
Hills like White Elephants is one of the masterpieces of Ernest Hemingway. The story bears an open ending. This paper attempts to analyze the heroine-Jig's psychological fluctuations, and her three emotional stage...Hills like White Elephants is one of the masterpieces of Ernest Hemingway. The story bears an open ending. This paper attempts to analyze the heroine-Jig's psychological fluctuations, and her three emotional stages to support the author's interpretation on the end of the story—the heroine's final decision is to have the baby born.展开更多
文摘The global supply chain turbulence has increased the difficulty of protecting foreign well-known trademarks.Although there are many studies on cross-border trademark rights protection in academia,there is relatively little research on its risk mitigation effectiveness in the context of supply chain fluctuations.Based on case studies of commercial law and data statistics,the study explores the relationship between protection efficiency and market response through legal applicability.Due to the long litigation cycle and uneven law enforcement,there are differences in market regulation,weakening the protection of well-known trademarks and exacerbating supply chain uncertainty.Strengthening international legal framework cooperation and promoting law enforcement linkage can enhance protection effectiveness.In theory,enriching the theory of cross-border trademark protection and expanding research on brand rights protection in the context of global supply chains.In practice,it helps enterprises adjust their trademark layout,avoid legal risks,and improve market competitiveness.Due to the complexity of the legal environment and limitations in data acquisition,future research will strengthen data analysis,promote international cooperation in intelligent supervision,and build a more efficient cross-border well-known trademark protection mechanism.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(MSIP)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(RS-2024-00450201)supported by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare,Republic of Korea(HI22C1374).
文摘We developed an imaging technique combining two-photon computed super-resolution microscopy and suction-based stabilization to achieve the resolution of the single-cell level and organelles in vivo.To accomplish this,a conventional two-photon microscope was equipped with a 3D-printed holders,which stabilize the tissue surface within the focal plane of immersion objectives.Further computational image stabilization and noise reduction were applied,followed by superresolution radial fluctuations(SRRF)analysis,doubling image resolution,and enhancing signal-to-noise ratios for in vivo subcellular process investigation.Stabilization of<1μm was obtained by suction,and<25 nm were achieved by subsequent algorithmic image stabilization.A Mito-Dendra2 mouse model,expressing green fluorescent protein(GFP)in mitochondria,demonstrated the potential of long-term intravital subcellular imaging.In vivo mitochondrial fission and fusion,mitochondrial status migration,and the effects of alcohol consumption(modeled as an alcoholic liver disease)and berberine treatment on hepatocyte mitochondrial dynamics are directly observed intravitally.Suction-based stabilization in two-photon intravital imaging,coupled with computational super-resolution holds promise for advancing in vivo subcellular imaging studies.
基金supported in part by the U.S.Department of Energy(No.DE-SC0012910)National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.12035006 and 12075085)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2020YFE020200)。
文摘A coalescence model was employed to form deuterons(d),tritons(t),and helium-3(^(3)He)nuclei from a uniformly-distributed volume of protons(p)and neutrons(n).We studied the ratio N_(t)N_(p)/N_(d)^(2)of light nuclei yields as a function of the neutron density fluctuations.We investigated the effect of finite transverse momentum(p_(T))acceptance on the ratio,in particular,the“extrapolation factor”(f)for the ratio as a function of the p_(T)spectral shape and the magnitude of neutron density fluctuations.The nature of f was found to be monotonic in p_(T)spectra“temperature”parameter and neutron density fluctuation magnitude;variations in the latter are relatively small.We also examined f in realistic simulations using the kinematic distributions of protons measured from the heavy-ion collision data.The nature of f was found to be smooth and monotonic as a function of the beam energy.Therefore,we conclude that extrapolation from limited p_(T)ranges does not create,enhance,or reduce the local peak of the N_(t)N_(p)/N_(d)^(2)ratio in the beam energy.Our study provides a necessary benchmark for light nuclei ratios as a probe for nucleon density fluctuations,an important observation in the search for the critical point of nuclear matter.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12447103)financial support from the MERIT-WINGS course provided by the University of Tokyo+10 种基金the Fellowship for Integrated Materials Science and Career Development provided by the Japan Science and Technology Agencysupport from the computational resource of Wisteria/BDEC-01 provided by Information Technology Center, the University of Tokyo, for the Monte Carlo simulationthe support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12404275)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 202403021212015)support from the Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence on Complexity and Topology in Quantum Matter-ct.qmat (EXC 2147, Project No. 390858490)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12274289)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2022YFA1402702 and 2021YFA1401400)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No. 2021ZD0301902)Yangyang Development Fund, and Startup Funds from SJTUsupported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFA1407300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12047503)。
文摘Recent various experiments have provided evidence supporting the emergence of loop-current order in kagome metals. Particularly superconductivity in AV_(3)Sb_(5) is significantly enhanced when this charge order is suppressed by pressure or doping. Distinct from magnetic order, loop-current order does not couple directly to spin and thus whether such fluctuations can enhance superconductivity remains elusive. We design a sign problem-free bilayer kagome model coupled to quantum Ising spins through bond currents and perform determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations to explore single-particle properties and superconductivity arising from 2 × 2 loopcurrent fluctuations. We find that this loop-current order induces intriguing band folding, band broadening,and gap opening around saddle points. Remarkably, our pairing susceptibility analysis identifies a dominant enhancement of superconductivity due to loop-current fluctuations, with the dominant pairing being the chiral d-wave channel. This pairing primarily occurs within the intra-sublattice channel and involves third nearestneighbor sites, attributed to the unique sublattice texture associated with van Hove singularities. We also discuss potential experimental implications for kagome superconductors.
基金financial support from the Industrial Prospect and Key Core Technology Projects of Jiangsu Provincial Key R&D Program(Grant No.BE2022071)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20192001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12074194)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX220954)。
文摘Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution(RFI-QKD)can avoid real-time calibration operation of reference frames and improve the efficiency of the communication process.However,due to imperfections of optical devices,there will inevitably exist intensity fluctuations in the source side of the QKD system,which will affect the final secure key rate.To reduce the influence of intensity fluctuations,an improved 3-intensity RFI-QKD scheme is proposed in this paper.After considering statistical fluctuations and implementing global parameter optimization,we conduct corresponding simulation analysis.The results show that our present work can present both higher key rate and a farther transmission distance than the standard method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2040210).
文摘Water level fluctuations(WLFs)constituted a dominant factor controlling the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems but the mechanism of WLFs on phytoplankton community structure was still unknown.We investigated the characteristics of phytoplankton community structure in Xiangxi Bay from January 2017 to December 2020.Results indicated water level(WL)of the Three Gorges Reservoir was divided into four distinct stages:the decreasing stage(DS),the low water level stage(LS),the storage stage(SS),and the high water level stage(HS).Notably,Cyanophyta predominated during the LS,with Microcystis sp.being the dominant species.Bacillariophyta was predominant in other three WL stages,with Melosira sp.and Cyclotella sp.as the dominant species.The highest biomass appeared in LS,whereas the lowest appeared in HS.Moreover,alpha diversity appeared to be lower in both HS and LS compared to DS and SS.Redundancy analysis showed WL as the key driver of phytoplankton community.Partial least squares path model analyses demonstrated that WL not only altered chemical factors(path coefficient=-0.62,P<0.01),thereby leading to changes in phytoplankton biomass(path coefficient=0.56,P<0.01),but also changed the physical factors(path coefficient=-0.69,P<0.01)and consequently had an impact on phytoplankton biomass(path coefficient=0.33,P<0.01).Furthermore,WL influenced phytoplankton diversity by altering chemical and physical factors.In conclusion,WL was an important factor influencing phytoplankton community,which implied that reservoir operation was the potential strategy to regulate phytoplankton communities.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3203604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51808541,and U1904205).
文摘The floodplain of the Yellow River is a typical area characterized by redox fluctuations and heavy metal pollution.However,the mobilization behavior of heavy metals in floodplain sediments during redox fluctuations remains poorly understood.In this study,reductive mobilization of Fe and Mn was observed under reducing environments through reduction and dissolution,leading to the subsequent release of adsorbed As.In contrast,the mobilization of U occurred under oxic conditions,as the oxidative state of U(VI)has higher solubility.Furthermore,insignificant effects on the mobilization of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Hg were noticed during redox fluctuations,indicating higher stability of these heavymetals.Additionally,we demonstrated that carbon sources can play a key role in the mobilization of heavy metals in floodplain sediments,amplifying the reductive mobilization of Fe,Mn,As and the oxidative mobilization of U.Our findings contribute to the understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of heavy metal in floodplain sediments of the Yellow River and the factors that control this cycling.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41605058 and 41831175]the Joint Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,the Ministry of Education,the Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,NUIST[grant number KLME202104]。
文摘This study investigated the fluctuations in the relationship between the Silk Road Pattern(SRP)and the boreal summer North Atlantic Oscillation(SNAO).The results indicated that the SRP–SNAO relationship was relatively weak during 1958–2022,which was primarily due to fluctuations,particularly the reversal in their relationship since the late 1990s.Using wavelet coherence analysis,the authors identified a strong SRP–SNAO linkage on a 4–8-yr timescale,in particular during the mid-1970s to the early/mid-1990s.This strong linkage is mainly attributable to the intensification and eastward movement of the southern part of the SNAO around the mid/late 1970s,which favored the strong connection between the SNAO and the SRP.Additionally,the interdecadal changes of the atmospheric circulations over the North Atlantic and Eurasia around the mid/late 1970s that resembled the circulation anomalies related to the strong SRP–SNAO linkage,may also have provided a favorable background for the strong connection between the two teleconnections.These findings on the fluctuations in the SRP–SNAO linkage may offer important implications for understanding the impact of the SNAO on the SRP and the variability of the SRP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12065012)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (202301AS070029)Yunnan High-Level Talent Training Support Plan Young&Elite Talents Project (Grant No.YNWR-QNBJ-2018-360)。
文摘In this study,we examined the thermal fluctuations,deflection angle,and greybody factor of a high-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole in scalar-tensor-vector gravity(STVG).We calculated some thermodynamic quantities related to the correction of the black hole entropy caused by thermal fluctuations and discussed the effect of the correction parameters on these quantities.By analyzing the changes in the corrected specific heat,we found that thermal fluctuations made the small black hole more stable.It is worth noting that the STVG parameter did not affect the thermodynamic stability of this black hole.Additionally,by utilizing the Gauss-Bonnet theorem,the deflection angle was obtained in the weak field limit,and the effects of the two parameters on the results were visualized.Finally,we calculated the bounds on the greybody factor of a massless scalar field.We observed that as the STVG parameter around the black hole increased,the weak deflection angle became larger,and more scalar particles can reach infinity.However,the spacetime dimension has the opposite effect on the STVG parameter on the weak deflection angle and greybody factor.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12275082,12035006,12075085(HX))the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY21A050001(HX))the U.S.Department of Energy(No.DE-SC0012910(FW)).
文摘Relativistic isobar^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zrcollisions have revealed intricate differences in their nuclear size and shape,inspiring unconventional studies of nuclear structure using relativistic heavy ion collisions.In this study,we investigate the relative differences in the mean multiplicityR_(<Nch>)and the secondR_(ε2)and third-order eccentricityR_(ε3)between isobar collisions using initial state Glauber models.It is found that initial fluctuations and nuclear deformations have negligible effects on R_(<Nch>)in most central collisions,while both are important for the R_(ε2)and R_(ε3),the degree of which is sensitive to the underlying nucleonic or sub-nucleonic degree of freedom.These features,compared to real data,may probe the particle production mechanism and the physics underlying nuclear structure.
基金support from the projects of Science and Technology Project of Transportation Department of Heilongjiang Province (No. HJK2019B009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cornell University (No. 2572021AW10)the Ludong University to Introduce Talents Research Start-up Funding Project (No. 20240050)
文摘To evaluate the regularity of resilient modulus for hot-mix asphalt(HMA) under large temperature fluctuations,back propagation(BP) neural network technology was used to analyze the continuous change of HMA resilient modulus.Firstly,based on the abundant data,the training model of HMA resilient modulus was established by using BP neural network technology.Subsequently,BP neural network prediction and regression analysis were performed,and the prediction model of HMA resilient modulus at different temperatures(-50℃ to 60℃) was obtained,which fully considered multi-factor and nonlinearity.Finally,the fitted theoretical model can be used to evaluate the HMA performance under the condition of large temperature fluctuations,and the rationality of theoretical model was verified by taking Harbin region as an example.It was found that the relationship between HMA resilient modulus and temperatures can be described by inverse tangent function.And the key parameters of theoretical model can be used to evaluate the continuous change characteristics of HMA resilient modulus with large temperature fluctuations.The results can further improve the HMA performance evaluation system and have certain theoretical value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52075173)the Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation (No. B13020)
文摘In nuclear reactors,temperature fluctuations of fluids may cause fatigue damage to adjacent structures;this is referred to as thermal striping.Research on thermal striping in the upper plenum has mainly focused on fluid fields.Few experimental studies have been reported on solid structures in a fluid field with a coaxial jet.This study entailed an experimental study of the temperature fluctuations in the fluid and on a plate surface caused by a coaxial jet.The temperature fluctuations of the fluid and plate surfaces located at different heights were analyzed.The cause of the temperature fluctuation was analyzed using a transient temperature distribution.The results show that the mixing of the hot and cold fluids gradually becomes uniform in the positive axial direction.The average surface temperatures tended to be consistent.When the jet reaches the plate surface,the swing of the jet center,contraction and expansion of the cold jet,and changes in the jet shape result in temperature fluctuations.The intensity of the temperature fluctuation was affected by the position.More attention should be paid when the plate is located at a lower height,and between the hot and cold-fluid nozzles.
基金Supported by Chronic Disease Management Center for Thoracic Tumor,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University,No.2021MGZX-07Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,No.2019A610238.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have large fluctuations in blood glucose(BG),abnormal metabolic function and low immunity to varying degrees,which increases the risk of malignant tumor diseases and affects the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy.Controlling hyperglycemia may have important therapeutic implications for cancer patients.AIM To clarify the influence of BG fluctuations on chemotherapy efficacy and safety in T2DM patients complicated with lung carcinoma(LC).METHODS The clinical data of 60 T2DM+LC patients who presented to the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University between January 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent chemotherapy and were grouped as a control group(CG;normal BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation<3.9 mmol/L)and an observation group(OG;high BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation≥3.9 mmol/L)based on their BG fluctuations,with 30 cases each.BGrelated indices,tumor markers,serum inflammatory cytokines and adverse reactions were comparatively analyzed.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between BG fluctuations and tumor markers.RESULTS The fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in the OG were notably elevated compared with those in the CG,together with markedly higher mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE),mean of daily differences,largest amplitude of glycemic excursions and standard deviation of blood glucose(P<0.05).In addition,the OG exhibited evidently higher levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9,carbohydrate antigen 125,carcinoembryonic antigen,neuron-specific enolase,cytokeratin 19,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and highsensitivity C-reactive protein than the CG(P<0.05).Pearson analysis revealed a positive association of MAGE with serum tumor markers.The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly higher in the OG than in the CG(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The greater the BG fluctuation in LC patients after chemotherapy,the more unfavorable the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy;the higher the level of tumor markers and inflammatory cytokines,the more adverse reactions the patient experiences.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11774350,11974354,11534010)。
文摘Recently discovered Ba_(2)CuO_(4-y)provides new perspectives to the study of high-temperature superconductivity.Whereas,little is known about the spin dynamics of this material.In this work,we employ the fluctuation exchange(FLEX)approximation within the framework of spin-fluctuation mediated superconductivity to examine the behavior of the spin fluctuations of a two-orbital Hubbard model for Ba_(2)CuO_(4-y).Our calculations reveal an extraordinary spin resonance mode coupled to the superconducting state in the hole-underdoped regime.Furthermore,we confirm that the coupling between the electrons and this resonance mode can lead to a dip-like feature in the electronic spectrum as a feedback effect.In the hole-overdoped regime,by incorporating self energy into our calculations,we obtain orbital-dependent renormalizations and show how these self-energy effects can lead to the detailed gap structures and the orbital-selective superconductivity,which could not be obtained in a previous study using random phase approximation(RPA).This research may shed new light on searching for unconventional superconductors with higher transition temperatures.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160195)Jiangxi Double-Thousand Plan High-Level Talent Project of Science and Technology Innovation(No.jxsq2023201036)+2 种基金Key R&D Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20223BBH80014)Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province Health Commission of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2022B258)Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Health Commission(No.202210017).
文摘AIM:To study functional brain abnormalities in patients with hypertensive retinopathy(HR)and to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of HR by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFFs)method.METHODS:Twenty HR patients and 20 healthy controls(HCs)were respectively recruited.The age,gender,and educational background characteristics of the two groups were similar.After functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)scanning,the subjects’spontaneous brain activity was evaluated with the fALFF method.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to classify the data.Further,we used Pearson’s correlation analysis to explore the relationship between fALFF values in specific brain regions and clinical behaviors in patients with HR.RESULTS:The brain areas of the HR group with lower fALFF values than HCs were the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus(RO-MFG)and right lingual gyrus.In contrast,the values of fALFFs in the left middle temporal gyrus(MTG),left superior temporal pole(STP),left middle frontal gyrus(MFG),left superior marginal gyrus(SMG),left superior parietal lobule(SPL),and right supplementary motor area(SMA)were higher in the HR group.The results of a t-test showed that the average values of fALFFs were statistically significantly different in the HR group and HC group(P<0.001).The fALFF values of the left middle frontal gyrus in HR patients were positively correlated with anxiety scores(r=0.9232;P<0.0001)and depression scores(r=0.9682;P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:fALFF values in multiple brain regions of HR patients are abnormal,suggesting that these brain regions in HR patients may be dysfunctional,which may help to reveal the pathophysiological mechanisms of HR.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2023YFB2407400。
文摘In the cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI)with supercapacitor and dc-dc stage,inherent second-order harmonic power flows through each submodule(SM),causing fluctuations in both the dc-link voltage and the dc-dc current.There exist limitations in handling these fluctuations at variable output frequencies when employing proportional-integral(PI)control to the dc-dc stage.This paper aims to coordinately control these second-order harmonic voltage and current fluctuations in the CHBI.The presented method configures a specific second-order harmonic voltage reference,equipped with a maximum voltage fluctuation constraint and a suitable phase,for the dc-dc stage.A PI-resonant controller is used to track the configured reference.This allows for regulating the second-order harmonic fluctuation in the average dc-link voltage among the SMs within a certain value.Importantly,the second-order harmonic fluctuation in the dc-dc current can also be reduced.Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.
文摘A novel method to characterize CMOS process fluctuations in subthreshold current mirrors （SCM） is reported. The proposed model is succinct in methodology and calculation complexity compared with previous statistical models. However,it provides favorable estimations of CMOS process fluctuations on the SCM circuit, which makes it promising for engineering applications. The model statistically abstracts physical parameters, which depend on the IC process, into random variables with certain mean values and standard deviations, while aggregating all the random impacts into a discrete martingale. The correctness of the proposed method is experimentally verified on an SCM circuit implemented in an SMIC 0.18μm CMOS 1P6M mixed signal process with a conversion factor of 100 in an input range from 100pA to lμA. The pro- posed theory successfully predicts - 10% of die-to-die fluctuation measured in the experiment, and also suggests the -lmV of threshold voltage standard deviation over a single die,which meets the process parameters suggested by the design kit from the foundry. The deviations between calculated probabilities and measured data are less than 8%. Meanwhile, pertinent suggestions concerning high fluctuation tolerance subthreshold analog circuit design are also made and discussed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61675235,61605248 and 61505261)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0302600)。
文摘Twin-field quantum key distribution(TF-QKD)is a disruptive innovation which is able to overcome the rate-distance limit of QKD without trusted relays.Since the proposal of the first TF-QKD protocol,theoretical and experimental breakthroughs have been made to enhance its ability.However,there still exist some practical issues waiting for settlement.In this paper,we examine the performances of asymmetric TF-QKD protocol with unstable light sources and limited data sizes.The statistical fluctuations of the parameters are estimated employing Azuma’s inequality.Through numerical simulations,we compare the secret key rates of the asymmetric TF-QKD protocol with different data sizes and variant intensity fluctuation magnitudes.Our results demonstrate that both statistical and intensity fluctuations have significant impacts on the performance of asymmetric TF-QKD.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy R&D Program of China (Nos. 2019YFE03030000 and 2022YFE03020004)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12105187, 11905250 and 11975275)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2021M702245)the Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center, CAS (No. 2021HSC-UE014)。
文摘A novel electromagnetic probe array(EMPA) diagnostic, which consists of a magnetic probe array and an electrostatic probe array, has recently been developed on EAST. The EMPA is fixed near the first wall at horizontal port P. The magnetic probe array of the EMPA consists of 24 identical magnetic probes, each of them capable of measuring toroidal, poloidal and radial magnetic fluctuations simultaneously, providing additional toroidal magnetic fluctuation measurements compared with the regular magnetic probes on EAST. With a higher sampling rate and self-resonant frequency, the EMPA magnetic probes can provide higher frequency magnetic fluctuation measurements. The magnetic probe array of the EMPA is composed of two parallel layers of magnetic probes with a radial distance of 63 mm, and each layer of magnetic probes is arranged in four poloidal rows and three toroidal columns. The compact arrangement of the EMPA magnetic probe array largely improves the toroidal mode number measurement ability from-8≤ n≤ 8 to-112≤ n≤ 112, and also improves the high poloidal wave number measurement ability of magnetic fluctuations compared with the regular high frequency magnetic probes on EAST. The electrostatic probe array of the EMPA consists of two sets of four-tip probes and a single-tip probe array with three poloidal rows and four toroidal columns. It complements the electrostatic parameter measurements behind the main limiter and near the first wall in EAST. The engineering details of the EMPA diagnostic, including the mechanical system, the electrical system, the acquisition and control system, and the effective area calibration, are presented. The preliminary applications of the EMPA in L-mode and H-mode discharges on EAST have demonstrated that the EMPA works well for providing information on the magnetic and electrostatic fluctuations and can contribute to deeper physical analysis in future EAST experiments.
文摘Hills like White Elephants is one of the masterpieces of Ernest Hemingway. The story bears an open ending. This paper attempts to analyze the heroine-Jig's psychological fluctuations, and her three emotional stages to support the author's interpretation on the end of the story—the heroine's final decision is to have the baby born.
