Multicomponent alloys with high entropy of mixing,e.g.,high entropy alloys（HEAs）and/or multiprincipal-element alloys（MEAs）,are attracting increasing attentions,because the materials with novel properties are being...Multicomponent alloys with high entropy of mixing,e.g.,high entropy alloys（HEAs）and/or multiprincipal-element alloys（MEAs）,are attracting increasing attentions,because the materials with novel properties are being developed,based on the design strategy of the equiatomic ratio,multicomponent,and high entropy of mixing in their liquid or random solution state.Recently,HEAs with the ultrahigh strength and fracture toughness,excellent magnetic properties,high fatigue,wear and corrosion resistance,great phase stability/high resistance to heat-softening behavior,sluggish diffusion effects,and potential superconductivity,etc.,were developed.The HEAs can even have very high irradiation resistance and may have some self-healing effects,and can potentially be used as the first wall and nuclear fuel cladding materials.Serration behaviors and flow units are powerful methods to understand the plastic deformation or fracture of materials.The methods have been successfully used to study the plasticity of amorphous alloys（also bulk metallic glasses,BMGs）.The flow units are proposed as：free volumes,shear transition zones（STZs）,tension-transition zones（TTZs）,liquid-like regions,soft regions or soft spots,etc.The flow units in the crystalline alloys are usually dislocations,which may interact with the solute atoms,interstitial types,or substitution types.Moreover,the flow units often change with the testing temperatures and loading strain rates,e.g.,at the low temperature and high strain rate,plastic deformation will be carried out by the flow unit of twinning,and at high temperatures,the grain boundary will be the weak area,and play as the flow unit.The serration shapes are related to the types of flow units,and the serration behavior can be analyzed using the power law and modified power law.展开更多
It is essential to characterize fluid flow in porous media to have a better understanding of petrophysical properties.Many approaches were developed to determine reservoir permeability among which the integrated analy...It is essential to characterize fluid flow in porous media to have a better understanding of petrophysical properties.Many approaches were developed to determine reservoir permeability among which the integrated analysis of hydraulic flow unit(HFU)and electrofacies(EF)is considered to be useful one.However,the application of HFU and EF analysis has not been totally understood with a limited data to develop correlation for less distance offset wells.In this study,an attempt was made to show the application of integrating HFU and EF for reliable estimation of permeability using core and wireline log data in one of the gas fields in Pakistan.The results obtained indicate that the integrated approach proposed in this study can be used,especially in less distance offset wells when a limited number of data are available for petrophysical characterization.展开更多
This work intends to manipulate the internal flow units in Zr_(55)Cu_(30)Ni_(5)Al_(10)bulk-metallic glasses(BMGs)through plasma-assisted hydrogenation to generate a positive microalloying effect on plasticity.Based on...This work intends to manipulate the internal flow units in Zr_(55)Cu_(30)Ni_(5)Al_(10)bulk-metallic glasses(BMGs)through plasma-assisted hydrogenation to generate a positive microalloying effect on plasticity.Based on the cooperative shear model theory,serration-flow statistics during nanoindentation loading and creep tests during the holding stage were used to analyze the influence of hydrogen on the behavior of flow units in BMGs.Experimental observations showed that the hydrogen in the Zr_(55)Cu_(30)Ni_(5)Al_(10)BMGs caused mechanical softening,plasticity improvement,and structural relaxation.Analysis also showed that the average volume,size,and activation energy of internal flow units in the BMGs all increased as a result of the increase in the hydrogen content.The hydrogenation in the BMGs was found to lead to a prolifera-tion of shear bands,which promoted plasticity.The aggregation of these internal flow units reduced the stress required for plastic deformation through shear bands,ultimately causing softening and structural relaxation.展开更多
Shear banding in amorphous metals originates from the activation and percolation of flow units.To uncover the self-assembly dynamics of flow units in metallic glasses,a rectangular sample with two flow units embedded ...Shear banding in amorphous metals originates from the activation and percolation of flow units.To uncover the self-assembly dynamics of flow units in metallic glasses,a rectangular sample with two flow units embedded in the matrix undergoing simple shearing was analyzed using finite element simulations.The vortex evolution behavior,including activation,growth,and collapse during the self-assembly of flow units,was revealed.It was found that the formation of a mature vortex indicates the onset of yielding,and the collapse of the vortex represents the percolation of flow units or shear localization.The effects of initial free volume distribution and the distance between flow units on vortex behavior were also studied.Increasing the initial free volume concentration within flow units or the matrix leads to a gentler vortex evolution process and better homogeneous plasticity.The shape of vortex tends to be"flatter"with the increase in flow units'spacing,and the optimal spacing was found to maximize the strength of the material.展开更多
168 core samples data of two production wells in the Baltim North field were used to identify the complex discrepancies in reservoir pore geometry which governing the Abu Madi reservoir fluid flow properties. Permeabi...168 core samples data of two production wells in the Baltim North field were used to identify the complex discrepancies in reservoir pore geometry which governing the Abu Madi reservoir fluid flow properties. Permeability prediction from well logs is significant goal when the core data is rarely available in most cases because<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> its expensive cost. The hydraulic flow unit approach was used to classify reservoir rocks according to its pore aperture size in the cored wells. The predicted permeability was calculated from core porosity and core permeability relationship for each flow unit. The difference between Neutron porosity and Density porosity was recognized to distinguish different hydraulic flow units. The higher difference indicates higher quality flow unit and vice versa. For model’s verification the predicted permeability was plotted against the laboratory measured permeability in all studied wells and shows highly matching.</span></span></span>展开更多
Dezfol embayment in the Southwest of Iran is located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt, which is one of the world’s largest petroleum provinces. Ilam Formation (Santonian-Companian) is one of the reservoir formations in...Dezfol embayment in the Southwest of Iran is located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt, which is one of the world’s largest petroleum provinces. Ilam Formation (Santonian-Companian) is one of the reservoir formations in this area that has been less studied. This paper focused on reservoir properties in this formation using petrography and petrophysics data. According to the petrography studies Ilam Formation composed of limestone as dominant lithology. Detailed petrographic analyses, have led to identification of 10 micro-facies which are represented as a carbonate ramp depositional model. Also petrographic analyses are revealed that cementation, dissolution, compaction and dolomitization are most important digenetic processes. Detailed petrographic analyses and petrophysics data showed that due to mud-supported nature of more facies (inherited low reservoir potential from their depositional settings), diagenetic process plays an important role in increasing of reservoir quality. However cementation and dissolution had negative and positive effects on Ilam reservoir formation, respectively. Finally at the end for better correlation and to create a flow unit, according to the petrography data and using petrophysics log, this reservoir is divided into 5 units (flow unite) by using Geolog software and then they have been correlated across the field.展开更多
With the development of oilfield exploration and mining, the research on continental oil and gas reservoirs has been gradually refined, and the exploration target of offshore reservoir has also entered the hot studyst...With the development of oilfield exploration and mining, the research on continental oil and gas reservoirs has been gradually refined, and the exploration target of offshore reservoir has also entered the hot studystage of small sand bodies, small fault blocks, complex structures, low permeability and various heterogeneous geological bodies. Thus, the marine oil and gas development will inevitably enter thecomplicated reservoir stage;meanwhile the corresponding assessment technologies, engineering measures andexploration method should be designed delicately. Studying on hydraulic flow unit of low permeability reservoir of offshore oilfield has practical significance for connectivity degree and remaining oil distribution. An integrated method which contains the data mining and flow unit identification part was used on the flow unit prediction of low permeability reservoir;the predicted results?were compared with mature commercial system results for verifying its application. This strategy is successfully applied to increase the accuracy by choosing the outstanding prediction result. Excellent computing system could provide more accurate geological information for reservoir characterization.展开更多
On the basis of other researchers' achievements and the authors' understanding of flow units, a proposal on classification and denomination of flow units for clastic reservoirs of continental deposit is put fo...On the basis of other researchers' achievements and the authors' understanding of flow units, a proposal on classification and denomination of flow units for clastic reservoirs of continental deposit is put forward according to the practical need of oilfield development and relevant theories. The specific implications of development and geology are given to each type of flow units, which has provided a scientific basis for oil development.展开更多
Field development typically requires detailed petrophysical analysis and well defined hydraulic flow units for comprehensive formation evaluation and reservoir characterization. In the present study, pay zones petroph...Field development typically requires detailed petrophysical analysis and well defined hydraulic flow units for comprehensive formation evaluation and reservoir characterization. In the present study, pay zones petrophysics are studied using an assembly of well log data from 8 wells together with core plugs measurements. Petrophysical analysis showed a good reservoir quality with average water saturation increasing toward the East and Southeast of the study area. Using a multi-linear regression technique on well logs and core data, permeability is estimated at well locations for flow unit characterization and flow capacity calculation. Results showed that five hydraulic flow units are identified through the studied wells, with relatively good correlation. Such correlation indicated a good continuity in the net pay zone of Abu Madi Formation in the Nile Delta reservoirs. The developed hydraulic flow units (HFUs) are classified according to its hydraulic conductivity into two main categories: the first category comprises the units with low permeability (K 1270 mD). The reservoir flow capacity (RFC) of these units indicated the development of 4 distinct classes (~11, ~30, ~80, and greater than 130 D.ft). The wells within the Northwestern part of the study area showed three HFUs that relatively vary from those located at the Southeast where two HFUs are only developed. In addition, the Southeastern part of the reservoir is characterized by good RFC as indicated by the development of high order HFUs (3, 4, and 5) compared to the Northeastern part with predominated low order HFUs (1, 2, and 3). Such results are crucial for the efficient field development and profound reservoir management of oil and gas fields in the Nile Delta.展开更多
The upper Ming section of L oilfield is a typical offshore heavy oil bottom-water reservoir with thick fluvial layers. All horizontal wells are developed by natural energy. Due to the few drilling holes and influence ...The upper Ming section of L oilfield is a typical offshore heavy oil bottom-water reservoir with thick fluvial layers. All horizontal wells are developed by natural energy. Due to the few drilling holes and influence by the resolution of seismic data, it is difficult to describe reservoirs with thickness over 20 meters. In this paper, seismic resonance amplitude inversion technology is introduced to restore the real response of thick reservoirs and interbeds by drilling and drilling verification, and the geological bodies with different thickness are displayed by frequency division RGB three primary colors. Flow units of heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water are divided according to the three major factors of interlayer, lithologic internal boundary and water-oil thickness ratio which have the greatest influence on horizontal well development, thick sand bodies are divided into 10 different flow units in three levels, each unit is separated from each other, and the reservoir structure, water-cut characteristics and water-flooding characteristics are different. The reliability of the research is improved by using the dynamic data of horizontal wells and newly drilled passing wells, which provides a basis for tapping the potential of heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water.展开更多
Pore size determination of hydrocarbon reservoirs is one of the main challenging areas in reservoir studies.Precise estimation of this parameter leads to enhance the reservoir simulation,process evaluation,and further...Pore size determination of hydrocarbon reservoirs is one of the main challenging areas in reservoir studies.Precise estimation of this parameter leads to enhance the reservoir simulation,process evaluation,and further forecasting of reservoir behavior.Hence,it is of great importance to estimate the pore size of reservoir rocks with an appropriate accuracy.In the present study,a modified J-function was developed and applied to determine the pore radius in one of the hydrocarbon reservoir rocks located in the Middle East.The capillary pressure data vs.water saturation(PceSw)as well as routine reservoir core analysis include porosity(4)and permeability(k)were used to develop the J-function.First,the normalized porosity(4z),the rock quality index(RQI),and the flow zone indicator(FZI)concepts were used to categorize all data into discrete hydraulic flow units(HFU)containing unique pore geometry and bedding characteristics.Thereafter,the modified J-function was used to normalize all capillary pressure curves corresponding to each of predetermined HFU.The results showed that the reservoir rock was classified into five separate rock types with the definite HFU and reservoir pore geometry.Eventually,the pore radius for each of these HFUs was determined using a developed equation obtained by normalized J-function corresponding to each HFU.The proposed equation is a function of reservoir rock characteristics including 4z,FZI,lithology index(J*),and pore size distribution index(3).This methodology used,the reservoir under study was classified into five discrete HFU with unique equations for permeability,normalized J-function and pore size.The proposed technique is able to apply on any reservoir to determine the pore size of the reservoir rock,specially the one with high range of heterogeneity in the reservoir rock properties.展开更多
Through natural partition and clustering analysis,four kinds of flow units were distinguished in Pu53 block,Pucheng Oilfield. Taking the short-term cycle as studying unit,the two-dimensional distribution of each type ...Through natural partition and clustering analysis,four kinds of flow units were distinguished in Pu53 block,Pucheng Oilfield. Taking the short-term cycle as studying unit,the two-dimensional distribution of each type of flow units was forecasted and the short-term cycle was classified into four types based on the two-dimensional characteristics of the flow units. The remaining oil was predicted by conceptual simulation,qualitative analysis and quantitative modeling. The results showed obvious control of the characteristics of reservoir flow units to the remaining oil. E and G units in type I and type II short-term cycles which are distributed continuously in large areas are mostly flooded,while the uncontrolled small isolated G flow unit in type III short-term cycles which were mainly made of F flow unit and F flow unit with continuous distribution become the accumulating place for remaining oil. Thus the development adjustment strategy should optimize the development of small-scale E and G units,strengthen the development of type III short-term cycles,and block out type I short-term cycles. This strategy improves the development of Pu53 block obviously.展开更多
基于钻井、测井、实验分析及生产等资料,以磨溪气田嘉二气藏主力产层嘉二^(2)亚段B层(T_(1)j_(2)^(2B))白云岩储层为研究对象,利用流动单元来表征气藏白云岩储层非均质性,通过对比流动层带指数、孔喉半径(R_(35))及聚类分析的流动单元...基于钻井、测井、实验分析及生产等资料,以磨溪气田嘉二气藏主力产层嘉二^(2)亚段B层(T_(1)j_(2)^(2B))白云岩储层为研究对象,利用流动单元来表征气藏白云岩储层非均质性,通过对比流动层带指数、孔喉半径(R_(35))及聚类分析的流动单元划分方法,在取心井流动单元的研究基础上,利用多元回归的方式定量评价FZI(Flow Zone Index)值,未取心井通过fisher判别分析函数精细划分.从压汞参数与生产动态资料验证其流动单元划分合理性.研究结果表明:对于薄层的白云岩储层,采用流动层带指数法划分的流动单元为一组具有较好孔渗关系的岩石类型,R_(35)所划分的流动单元为一组具有相似孔喉半径(不同孔隙度有着相近的渗透率)的岩石类型,通过聚类方法,能将具有相似的孔隙结构的储层归位一类流动单元;流动层带指数的测井识别是流动单元划分的难点,机器学习、神经网络等算法对于精度具有较大提升,但需要大量数据,对于研究区,常规的线性回归方式成为了最佳的选择;流动单元预测结果与压汞参数、初期产能存在较强相关性,流动单元划分结果可靠,可为后续气藏的开发提供参考.展开更多
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51471025,51210105006,51371122)
文摘Multicomponent alloys with high entropy of mixing,e.g.,high entropy alloys（HEAs）and/or multiprincipal-element alloys（MEAs）,are attracting increasing attentions,because the materials with novel properties are being developed,based on the design strategy of the equiatomic ratio,multicomponent,and high entropy of mixing in their liquid or random solution state.Recently,HEAs with the ultrahigh strength and fracture toughness,excellent magnetic properties,high fatigue,wear and corrosion resistance,great phase stability/high resistance to heat-softening behavior,sluggish diffusion effects,and potential superconductivity,etc.,were developed.The HEAs can even have very high irradiation resistance and may have some self-healing effects,and can potentially be used as the first wall and nuclear fuel cladding materials.Serration behaviors and flow units are powerful methods to understand the plastic deformation or fracture of materials.The methods have been successfully used to study the plasticity of amorphous alloys（also bulk metallic glasses,BMGs）.The flow units are proposed as：free volumes,shear transition zones（STZs）,tension-transition zones（TTZs）,liquid-like regions,soft regions or soft spots,etc.The flow units in the crystalline alloys are usually dislocations,which may interact with the solute atoms,interstitial types,or substitution types.Moreover,the flow units often change with the testing temperatures and loading strain rates,e.g.,at the low temperature and high strain rate,plastic deformation will be carried out by the flow unit of twinning,and at high temperatures,the grain boundary will be the weak area,and play as the flow unit.The serration shapes are related to the types of flow units,and the serration behavior can be analyzed using the power law and modified power law.
文摘It is essential to characterize fluid flow in porous media to have a better understanding of petrophysical properties.Many approaches were developed to determine reservoir permeability among which the integrated analysis of hydraulic flow unit(HFU)and electrofacies(EF)is considered to be useful one.However,the application of HFU and EF analysis has not been totally understood with a limited data to develop correlation for less distance offset wells.In this study,an attempt was made to show the application of integrating HFU and EF for reliable estimation of permeability using core and wireline log data in one of the gas fields in Pakistan.The results obtained indicate that the integrated approach proposed in this study can be used,especially in less distance offset wells when a limited number of data are available for petrophysical characterization.
基金supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51401129)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2019-ZD-0216,20180510056)+2 种基金Foundation of Liaoning Province Education Administration(LQGD2019001)support from the National Science Foundation(DMR1611180 and 1809640)with the program directorssupported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under Contract No.DEAC02–05-CH11231。
文摘This work intends to manipulate the internal flow units in Zr_(55)Cu_(30)Ni_(5)Al_(10)bulk-metallic glasses(BMGs)through plasma-assisted hydrogenation to generate a positive microalloying effect on plasticity.Based on the cooperative shear model theory,serration-flow statistics during nanoindentation loading and creep tests during the holding stage were used to analyze the influence of hydrogen on the behavior of flow units in BMGs.Experimental observations showed that the hydrogen in the Zr_(55)Cu_(30)Ni_(5)Al_(10)BMGs caused mechanical softening,plasticity improvement,and structural relaxation.Analysis also showed that the average volume,size,and activation energy of internal flow units in the BMGs all increased as a result of the increase in the hydrogen content.The hydrogenation in the BMGs was found to lead to a prolifera-tion of shear bands,which promoted plasticity.The aggregation of these internal flow units reduced the stress required for plastic deformation through shear bands,ultimately causing softening and structural relaxation.
基金supported by the NSFC(Nos.11972346 and 11790292)the NSFCBasic ScienceCenter Program for“Multi-scale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics”(No.11988102).
文摘Shear banding in amorphous metals originates from the activation and percolation of flow units.To uncover the self-assembly dynamics of flow units in metallic glasses,a rectangular sample with two flow units embedded in the matrix undergoing simple shearing was analyzed using finite element simulations.The vortex evolution behavior,including activation,growth,and collapse during the self-assembly of flow units,was revealed.It was found that the formation of a mature vortex indicates the onset of yielding,and the collapse of the vortex represents the percolation of flow units or shear localization.The effects of initial free volume distribution and the distance between flow units on vortex behavior were also studied.Increasing the initial free volume concentration within flow units or the matrix leads to a gentler vortex evolution process and better homogeneous plasticity.The shape of vortex tends to be"flatter"with the increase in flow units'spacing,and the optimal spacing was found to maximize the strength of the material.
文摘168 core samples data of two production wells in the Baltim North field were used to identify the complex discrepancies in reservoir pore geometry which governing the Abu Madi reservoir fluid flow properties. Permeability prediction from well logs is significant goal when the core data is rarely available in most cases because<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> its expensive cost. The hydraulic flow unit approach was used to classify reservoir rocks according to its pore aperture size in the cored wells. The predicted permeability was calculated from core porosity and core permeability relationship for each flow unit. The difference between Neutron porosity and Density porosity was recognized to distinguish different hydraulic flow units. The higher difference indicates higher quality flow unit and vice versa. For model’s verification the predicted permeability was plotted against the laboratory measured permeability in all studied wells and shows highly matching.</span></span></span>
文摘Dezfol embayment in the Southwest of Iran is located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt, which is one of the world’s largest petroleum provinces. Ilam Formation (Santonian-Companian) is one of the reservoir formations in this area that has been less studied. This paper focused on reservoir properties in this formation using petrography and petrophysics data. According to the petrography studies Ilam Formation composed of limestone as dominant lithology. Detailed petrographic analyses, have led to identification of 10 micro-facies which are represented as a carbonate ramp depositional model. Also petrographic analyses are revealed that cementation, dissolution, compaction and dolomitization are most important digenetic processes. Detailed petrographic analyses and petrophysics data showed that due to mud-supported nature of more facies (inherited low reservoir potential from their depositional settings), diagenetic process plays an important role in increasing of reservoir quality. However cementation and dissolution had negative and positive effects on Ilam reservoir formation, respectively. Finally at the end for better correlation and to create a flow unit, according to the petrography data and using petrophysics log, this reservoir is divided into 5 units (flow unite) by using Geolog software and then they have been correlated across the field.
文摘With the development of oilfield exploration and mining, the research on continental oil and gas reservoirs has been gradually refined, and the exploration target of offshore reservoir has also entered the hot studystage of small sand bodies, small fault blocks, complex structures, low permeability and various heterogeneous geological bodies. Thus, the marine oil and gas development will inevitably enter thecomplicated reservoir stage;meanwhile the corresponding assessment technologies, engineering measures andexploration method should be designed delicately. Studying on hydraulic flow unit of low permeability reservoir of offshore oilfield has practical significance for connectivity degree and remaining oil distribution. An integrated method which contains the data mining and flow unit identification part was used on the flow unit prediction of low permeability reservoir;the predicted results?were compared with mature commercial system results for verifying its application. This strategy is successfully applied to increase the accuracy by choosing the outstanding prediction result. Excellent computing system could provide more accurate geological information for reservoir characterization.
文摘On the basis of other researchers' achievements and the authors' understanding of flow units, a proposal on classification and denomination of flow units for clastic reservoirs of continental deposit is put forward according to the practical need of oilfield development and relevant theories. The specific implications of development and geology are given to each type of flow units, which has provided a scientific basis for oil development.
文摘Field development typically requires detailed petrophysical analysis and well defined hydraulic flow units for comprehensive formation evaluation and reservoir characterization. In the present study, pay zones petrophysics are studied using an assembly of well log data from 8 wells together with core plugs measurements. Petrophysical analysis showed a good reservoir quality with average water saturation increasing toward the East and Southeast of the study area. Using a multi-linear regression technique on well logs and core data, permeability is estimated at well locations for flow unit characterization and flow capacity calculation. Results showed that five hydraulic flow units are identified through the studied wells, with relatively good correlation. Such correlation indicated a good continuity in the net pay zone of Abu Madi Formation in the Nile Delta reservoirs. The developed hydraulic flow units (HFUs) are classified according to its hydraulic conductivity into two main categories: the first category comprises the units with low permeability (K 1270 mD). The reservoir flow capacity (RFC) of these units indicated the development of 4 distinct classes (~11, ~30, ~80, and greater than 130 D.ft). The wells within the Northwestern part of the study area showed three HFUs that relatively vary from those located at the Southeast where two HFUs are only developed. In addition, the Southeastern part of the reservoir is characterized by good RFC as indicated by the development of high order HFUs (3, 4, and 5) compared to the Northeastern part with predominated low order HFUs (1, 2, and 3). Such results are crucial for the efficient field development and profound reservoir management of oil and gas fields in the Nile Delta.
文摘The upper Ming section of L oilfield is a typical offshore heavy oil bottom-water reservoir with thick fluvial layers. All horizontal wells are developed by natural energy. Due to the few drilling holes and influence by the resolution of seismic data, it is difficult to describe reservoirs with thickness over 20 meters. In this paper, seismic resonance amplitude inversion technology is introduced to restore the real response of thick reservoirs and interbeds by drilling and drilling verification, and the geological bodies with different thickness are displayed by frequency division RGB three primary colors. Flow units of heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water are divided according to the three major factors of interlayer, lithologic internal boundary and water-oil thickness ratio which have the greatest influence on horizontal well development, thick sand bodies are divided into 10 different flow units in three levels, each unit is separated from each other, and the reservoir structure, water-cut characteristics and water-flooding characteristics are different. The reliability of the research is improved by using the dynamic data of horizontal wells and newly drilled passing wells, which provides a basis for tapping the potential of heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water.
文摘Pore size determination of hydrocarbon reservoirs is one of the main challenging areas in reservoir studies.Precise estimation of this parameter leads to enhance the reservoir simulation,process evaluation,and further forecasting of reservoir behavior.Hence,it is of great importance to estimate the pore size of reservoir rocks with an appropriate accuracy.In the present study,a modified J-function was developed and applied to determine the pore radius in one of the hydrocarbon reservoir rocks located in the Middle East.The capillary pressure data vs.water saturation(PceSw)as well as routine reservoir core analysis include porosity(4)and permeability(k)were used to develop the J-function.First,the normalized porosity(4z),the rock quality index(RQI),and the flow zone indicator(FZI)concepts were used to categorize all data into discrete hydraulic flow units(HFU)containing unique pore geometry and bedding characteristics.Thereafter,the modified J-function was used to normalize all capillary pressure curves corresponding to each of predetermined HFU.The results showed that the reservoir rock was classified into five separate rock types with the definite HFU and reservoir pore geometry.Eventually,the pore radius for each of these HFUs was determined using a developed equation obtained by normalized J-function corresponding to each HFU.The proposed equation is a function of reservoir rock characteristics including 4z,FZI,lithology index(J*),and pore size distribution index(3).This methodology used,the reservoir under study was classified into five discrete HFU with unique equations for permeability,normalized J-function and pore size.The proposed technique is able to apply on any reservoir to determine the pore size of the reservoir rock,specially the one with high range of heterogeneity in the reservoir rock properties.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40602013, 40572078)the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20060489002)
文摘Through natural partition and clustering analysis,four kinds of flow units were distinguished in Pu53 block,Pucheng Oilfield. Taking the short-term cycle as studying unit,the two-dimensional distribution of each type of flow units was forecasted and the short-term cycle was classified into four types based on the two-dimensional characteristics of the flow units. The remaining oil was predicted by conceptual simulation,qualitative analysis and quantitative modeling. The results showed obvious control of the characteristics of reservoir flow units to the remaining oil. E and G units in type I and type II short-term cycles which are distributed continuously in large areas are mostly flooded,while the uncontrolled small isolated G flow unit in type III short-term cycles which were mainly made of F flow unit and F flow unit with continuous distribution become the accumulating place for remaining oil. Thus the development adjustment strategy should optimize the development of small-scale E and G units,strengthen the development of type III short-term cycles,and block out type I short-term cycles. This strategy improves the development of Pu53 block obviously.
文摘基于钻井、测井、实验分析及生产等资料,以磨溪气田嘉二气藏主力产层嘉二^(2)亚段B层(T_(1)j_(2)^(2B))白云岩储层为研究对象,利用流动单元来表征气藏白云岩储层非均质性,通过对比流动层带指数、孔喉半径(R_(35))及聚类分析的流动单元划分方法,在取心井流动单元的研究基础上,利用多元回归的方式定量评价FZI(Flow Zone Index)值,未取心井通过fisher判别分析函数精细划分.从压汞参数与生产动态资料验证其流动单元划分合理性.研究结果表明:对于薄层的白云岩储层,采用流动层带指数法划分的流动单元为一组具有较好孔渗关系的岩石类型,R_(35)所划分的流动单元为一组具有相似孔喉半径(不同孔隙度有着相近的渗透率)的岩石类型,通过聚类方法,能将具有相似的孔隙结构的储层归位一类流动单元;流动层带指数的测井识别是流动单元划分的难点,机器学习、神经网络等算法对于精度具有较大提升,但需要大量数据,对于研究区,常规的线性回归方式成为了最佳的选择;流动单元预测结果与压汞参数、初期产能存在较强相关性,流动单元划分结果可靠,可为后续气藏的开发提供参考.
