We aim to investigate the correlations between hemodynamic parameters, penile rigidity grading, and the therapeutic effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors using color Doppler flow imaging after intracavernosal...We aim to investigate the correlations between hemodynamic parameters, penile rigidity grading, and the therapeutic effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors using color Doppler flow imaging after intracavernosal injection in patients with erectile dysfunction. This study involved 164 patients. After intracavernosal injection with a mixture of papaverine （60 mg）, prostaglandin E1 （10 μg）, and lidocaine （2%, 0.5-1 ml）, the penile vessels were assessed using color Doppler flow imaging. Penile rigidity was classified based on the Erection Hardness Score system as Grades 4, 3, 2 or 1 （corresponding to Schramek Grades Ⅴ to Ⅱ）. Then, the patients were given oral sildenafil （50-100 mg） and scored according to the International Index of Erectile Function （IIEF-5） questionnaire. The number of patients with penile rigidities of Schramek Grades Ⅱ to Ⅴ was 14, 18, 21, and 111, respectively. The IIEF-5 score was positively correlated with the refilling index of the penile cavernosal artery （r = 0.79, P 〈 0.05）, the peak systolic velocity （r= 0.45, P〈 0.05）, and penile rigidity （r= 0.75, P〈 0.05）, and was negatively correlated with the end diastolic velocity （r = -0.74, P 〈 0.05）. For patients with erectile dysfunction, both the IIEF-5 score after sildenafil administration, which is correlated with penile rigidity, and the hemodynamic parameters detected using color Doppler flow imaging may predict the effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor treatment and could provide a reasonable model for the targeted-treatment of erectile dysfunction.展开更多
The recently introduced real-time three-dimensional color Doppler flow imaging （RT-3D CDFI） technique provides a quick and accurate calculation of regurgitant jet volume （RJV） and fraction. In order to evaluate RT...The recently introduced real-time three-dimensional color Doppler flow imaging （RT-3D CDFI） technique provides a quick and accurate calculation of regurgitant jet volume （RJV） and fraction. In order to evaluate RT-3D CDFI in the noninvasive assessment of aortic RJV and regurgitant jet fraction （RJF） in patients with isolated aortic regurgitation, real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed on 23 patients with isolated aortic regurgitation to obtain LV end-diastolic volumes （LVEDV）, end-systolic volumes （LVESV） and RJV, and then RJF could be calculated. The regurgitant volume （RV） and regurgitant fraction （RF） calculated by two-dimensional pulsed Doppler （2D-PD） method served as reference values. The results showed that aortic RJV measured by the RT-3D CDFI method showed a good correlation with the 2D-PD measurements （r= 0.93, Y=0.89X＋ 3.9, SEE= 8.6 mL, P〈0.001 ）; the mean （SD） difference between the two methods was - 1.5 （9.8） mL. % RJF estimated by the RT-3D CDFI method was also correlated well with the values obtained by the 2D-PD method （r=0.88, Y=0.71X＋ 14.8, SEE= 6.4 %, P〈0. 001）; the mean （SD） difference between the two methods was -1.2 （7.9） %. It was suggested that the newly developed RT-3D CDFI technique was feasible in the majority of patients. In patients with eccentric aortic regurgitation, this new modality provides additional information to that obtained from the two-dimensional examination, which overcomes the inherent limitations of two-dimensional echocardiography by depicting the full extent of the jet trajectory. In addition, the RT-3D CDFI method is quick and accurate in calculating RJV and RJF.展开更多
The value of color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） and intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound （CEUS） for assessing the transplanted liver and early diagnosing complications by examining hemodynamic changes was discu...The value of color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） and intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound （CEUS） for assessing the transplanted liver and early diagnosing complications by examining hemodynamic changes was discussed. Seventy-five patients with orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT） underwent CDFI. The following parameters were measured： peak systolic velocity （PS）, resistance index （RI） and Doppler perfusion index （DPI） of the hepatic artery （HA）, time average velocity （TAV） of portal vein （PV） and velocity of hepatic vein （HV） in different stages postoperation, And 11 patients of them received CEUS. Thirty healthy subjects were enrolled as controls, The results showed that： （1） In 23 patients without obvious complications, TAV of PV within 15 days post-operation was significantly higher than in controls （P〈0.05）, PS and DPI of HA within 7 days postoperation were lower, but RI was higher than in controls （P〈0.05）; （2） When the hepatic artery thrombosis （HAT） occurred, PS and DPI of HA were obviously decreased, but TAV of PV significantly increased like a high saw-tooth wave; （3） While rejection occurred, both TAV of PV and PS of HA were decreased with the increase in RI of HA, and the triphasic wave of HV disappeared and displayed as saw-tooth wave; （4） The incidence of biliary complications in liver transplantation was increased when DPI was reduced; （5） Seven cases of hepatic carcinoma relapse after OLT demonstrated hyperecho in the arterial phase and hypoecho in the portal and later phase on CEUS; （6） In 2 cases of HA thrombus, there was no visualized enhancement in arterial phase of CEUS, but enhancement during the portal vein and parenchymal phase. It was concluded that the hemodynamic changes of PV, HA and HV in the transplanted liver are valuable for assessing the transplanted liver and early diagnosing complications on CDFI and CEUS.展开更多
Color flow imaging(CFI)ultrasound technique can discover the tumor vascularity and superimposed it to convontional B-mode ultrasonogram in real-time. The flow velocity on spectral Doppler sonogram can be measured by s...Color flow imaging(CFI)ultrasound technique can discover the tumor vascularity and superimposed it to convontional B-mode ultrasonogram in real-time. The flow velocity on spectral Doppler sonogram can be measured by setting the sample volume to any selected site.One hundred and thirty-six patients with solid hepatic space-occupied lesions had been admitted and 113 cases were confirmed by operation and pathology,23 patients were strongly suspected by hepatic angiography (HAA).Ninety nine patients with 109 nodules were finally diagnosed as hepatic cellular carcinoma(HCC).According to color flow distribution pattern,3 kinds of color configuation had been nominated.Tumor vascularity discovered by CFI,especially the arterial blood flow was easy to be recognized,and its emerge rate was quite different between HCC group(94.5%)and hemangioma(HCH)group(17.07%)(P<0.01).Spectral Doppler studies were also carried out in these cases and the detectability of arterial flow in HCC group(95.41%)was much higher than that to HCH group (21. 95%) (P<0. 005).Resistant index(RI)and pulsatile index(PI)could be used to differentiate HCC (>0. 50 and >0.80 respectively)from HCH (P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively).Arterial-portal(A-P) shunt could also be detected by CFI and spectral Doppler(mostly its Vmax>0.6m/s).The detection rate of A-P shunt was 64% in HCC group,but no case could be detected in HCH group.展开更多
Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber, great vessel,or other vascular structures. The presence of the fistula is usually identified by angiography. ...Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber, great vessel,or other vascular structures. The presence of the fistula is usually identified by angiography. In this paper, the diagnosis of left coronary artery-right ventricle fistula was made by color Doppler before angiography? and it was confirmed by surgery.Color Doppler flow imaging is a noninvasive method which can reveal the proximal dilatation, the course and the draining site of CAF.展开更多
Objective To observe the changes of thrombelastography (TEG) and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in the perioperative period after closed lower limb fracture.Methods Fasting venous blood samples in the morning from ...Objective To observe the changes of thrombelastography (TEG) and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in the perioperative period after closed lower limb fracture.Methods Fasting venous blood samples in the morning from 11 healthy adults were used展开更多
To report the methods and effect of axial pattern flap on lower limb in repairing deep wounds of heels by using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) technique so as to solve the ever before problems that the vessel can n...To report the methods and effect of axial pattern flap on lower limb in repairing deep wounds of heels by using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) technique so as to solve the ever before problems that the vessel can not be displayed in designing axial flap.Methods Suitable axial flaps on lower limbs were selected according to the character of the wounds.There were 25 flaps including 10 cases of the distal-based sural neurovascular flap,nine medial sole flap and six medial leg flap.All the axial pattern flaps were designed on the basis of traditional design ways before operation;then,CDFI appliance with high resolution was used to examine the starting spot,exterior diameter,trail and length of the flap’s major artery.The flaps were redesigned according to the results of CDFI and transferred to cover the wounds.In the meantime,both the results of operation and examination were compared.Results The major artery’s starting spot,exterior diameter,trail and anatomic layers were displayed clearly,in consistency with the results of operation.The flaps survived completely and recovered well,with perfect appearance,color and arthral function.Conclusion CDFI is a simple,macroscopic and atraumatic method for designing the axial pattern flap on lower limb,can provide more scientific and accurate evidence for preoperative determination of flap transplantation and is worthy of clinical application.10 refs,4 figs,2 tabs.展开更多
Leesmidt et al present a comprehensive analysis of abdominal vascular flow in children using four-dimensional(4D)flow magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),aim to establish normal hemodynamic values for the abdominal viscer...Leesmidt et al present a comprehensive analysis of abdominal vascular flow in children using four-dimensional(4D)flow magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),aim to establish normal hemodynamic values for the abdominal visceral organs and to assess the feasibility of 4D flow MRI(4D-f-MRI)in this population.The researchers performed 4D-f-MRI on 9 pediatric patients with a history or suspi-cion of bowel pathology.Flow velocities were measured in the abdominal aorta and superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.The quality of the 4D-f-MRI images was evaluated,and the agreement between the measured flow velocities and those obtained from Duplex ultrasound was established.However,due to the specific limitations of this work,future studies should address the issues of small sample size and the specific age group design.展开更多
BACKGROUND Four-dimensional(4D)flow magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is used as a noninvasive modality for assessing hemodynamic information with neurovascular and body applications.The application of 4D flow MRI for as...BACKGROUND Four-dimensional(4D)flow magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is used as a noninvasive modality for assessing hemodynamic information with neurovascular and body applications.The application of 4D flow MRI for assessment of bowel disease in children has not been previously described.AIM To determine feasibility of superior mesenteric venous and arterial flow quantitation in pediatric patients using 4D flow MRI.METHODS Nine pediatric patients(7-14 years old,5 male and 4 female)with history or suspicion of bowel pathology,who underwent magnetic resonance(MR)enterography with 4D flow MR protocol from November 2022 to October 2023.Field strength/sequence:3T MRI using 4D flow MR protocol.Flow velocity and peak speed measurements were performed by two diagnostic radiologists placing the region of interest in perpendicular plane to blood flow on each cross section of superior mesenteric artery(SMA)and superior mesenteric vein(SMV)at three predetermined levels.Bland-Altman analysis,showed good agreement of flow velocity and peak speed measurements of SMV and SMA between two readers.RESULTS Mean SMV flow velocity increased from proximal to mid to distal(0.14 L/minute,0.17 L/minute,0.22 L/minute respectively).Mean SMA flow velocity decreased from proximal to mid to distal(0.35 L/minute,0.27 L/minute,0.21 L/minute respectively).Observed agreement was good for flow velocity measurements of SMV(mean bias-0.01 L/minute and 95%limits of agreement,-0.09 to 0.08 L/minute)and SMA(mean bias-0.03 L/minute and 95%limits of agreement,-0.23 to 0.17 L/minute)between two readers.Good agreement for peak speed measurements of SMV(mean bias-1.2 cm/second and 95%limits of agreement,-9.4 to 7.0 cm/second)and SMA(mean bias-3.2 cm/second and 95%limits of agreement,-31.4 to 24.9 cm/second).CONCLUSION Flow quantitation using 4D Flow is feasible to provide hemodynamic information for SMV and SMA in children.展开更多
The article"Assessment of superior mesenteric vascular flow quantitation in children using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging"suggests to use of four-dimensional(4D)flow magnetic resonance imag...The article"Assessment of superior mesenteric vascular flow quantitation in children using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging"suggests to use of four-dimensional(4D)flow magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)which is also to measure the blood flow in the superior mesenteric vein(SMV)in pediatric patients over the traditional method.The study focuses on assessing the potential of SMV and superior mesenteric artery(SMA)flow quantification in children utilizing 4D flow MRI.It included 9 pediatric patients aged 18 years and below where 5 were male and 4 were female patients,on whom magnetic resonance enterorrhaphy(MRE)with 4D flow MRI protocol was used.Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc.Measurements of SMV and SMA between two readers were calculated using Bland-Altman analysis.The results stated that six patients showed no MRE evidence of active inflammatory bowel disease,two patients showed unmarkable bowel appearance on MRI and one patient showed normal MRE without endoscopy performed at the same timeframe.The study utilized available 4D flow MRI sequences in this study aiming to show the feasibility of 4D flow quantitation of SMA and SMV flow in pediatric patients.The study also discovered good agreement for both peak velocity and peak speed measurements of SMA and SMV.展开更多
From December 1991 to April 1993, we performed color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in 11 patients with parathyroid adenoma, and all cases were confirmed by operation and pathology. In all the parathyroid adenomas,vesse...From December 1991 to April 1993, we performed color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in 11 patients with parathyroid adenoma, and all cases were confirmed by operation and pathology. In all the parathyroid adenomas,vessels were clearly revealed at the periphery of the upper pole and/or anterior periphery, where arterial signals were elicited. These arteries had branches into the adenomas and originated from inferior thyroid arteries on the same side in most cases. The internal flow signals were increased markedly as compared to normal thyroid, and high-velocity arterial signals were detected. Because of the thyroid' s rich blood supply and landmark peripheral vessels, CDFI can distinguish parathyroid foci from thyroid nodules, lymph nodes, and normal tissues and provide a sound basis for the diagnosis of small parathyroid foci.展开更多
Gaining a full understanding of the mechanisms of action of natural products as therapeutic agents includes observing the effects of natural products on cellular morphology,because abnormal cellular morphology is an i...Gaining a full understanding of the mechanisms of action of natural products as therapeutic agents includes observing the effects of natural products on cellular morphology,because abnormal cellular morphology is an important aspect of cellular transformations that occur as part of disease states.In this study a set of natural products was examined in search of small molecules that influence the cylindrical morphology of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.Imaging flow cytometry of large populations of S.pombe exposed to natural products captured cell images and revealed changes in mean length and aspect ratio of cells.Several natural products were found to alter S.pombe’s morphology relative to control,in terms of elongating cells,shrinking them,or making them more round.These results may facilitate future investigations into methods by which cells establish and maintain specific shapes.展开更多
As the gold-standard method for single-cell analysis,flow cytometry enables high-throughput and multiple-parameter characterization of individual biological cells.This review highlights the demands for clinical flow c...As the gold-standard method for single-cell analysis,flow cytometry enables high-throughput and multiple-parameter characterization of individual biological cells.This review highlights the demands for clinical flow cytometry in laboratory hematology(e.g.,diagnoses of minimal residual disease and various types of leukemia),summarizes state-of-the-art clinical flow cytometers(e.g.,FACSLyricTMby Becton Dickinson,DxFLEX by Beckman Coulter),then considers innovative technical improvements in flow cytometry(including quantitative,spectral,and imaging approaches)to address the limitations of clinical flow cytometry in hematology diagnosis.Finally,driven by these clinical demands,future developments in clinical flow cytometry are suggested.展开更多
The imaging mass spectrometry（IMS） technology has experienced a rapid development in recent years.A new IMS technology which is based on air flow assisted ionization（AFAI） was reported.It allows for the convenient...The imaging mass spectrometry（IMS） technology has experienced a rapid development in recent years.A new IMS technology which is based on air flow assisted ionization（AFAI） was reported.It allows for the convenient pretreatment of the samples and can image a large area of sample in a single measurement with high sensitivity.The AFAI in DESI mode was used as the ion source in this paper.The new IMS method is named AFADESI-IMS.The adoption of assisted air flow makes the sample pretreatment easy and convenient.An optimization of the distance between the ion transport tube and MS orifice increases the sensitivity of the system.For data processing,a program based on MATLAB with the function of numerical analysis was developed.A theoretical imaging resolution of a few hundred microns can be achieved.The composite AFAI-IMS images of different target analytes were imaged with high sensitivity.A typical AFAI-IMS image of the whole-body section of a rat was obtained in a single analytical measurement.The ability to image a large area for relevant samples in a single measurement with high sensitivity and repeatability is a significant advantage.The method has enormous potentials in the MS imaging of large and complicated samples.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orbital decomposition （OD） surgery in combination with horse chestnut seed extract （HCSE）, as compared to OD atone, in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy ...AIM： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orbital decomposition （OD） surgery in combination with horse chestnut seed extract （HCSE）, as compared to OD atone, in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy （TAO）. METHODS： Sixty-two orbits from 62 TAO patients were randomly assigned to OD or OD＋HCSE at 1：1 ratio （31 received OD alone, 31 received OD ＋HCSE）. Forty-two orbits from 21 healthy subjects were used as controls. Complete ophthalmic examination and color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） were performed before surgery and 3mo post-surgery on all 62 orbits from the TAO patients. CDFI were also performed on the 42 control orbits, The effect of OD ＋HCSE and OD alone on TAO orbits was compared on several endpoints, including superior ophthalmic vein blood flow （SOVBF） parameters, subjective assessment, soft tissue involvement, lid retraction, diplopia, eye movement restriction, degree of exophthalmos, and intraocular pressure. The control orbits were used as reference for the SOVBF parameters. RESULTS： OD surgery with or without HCSE improved SOVBF, symptoms and soft tissue involvement, decreased degree of exophthalmos and intraocular pressure in orbits of TAO patients. The OD ＋HCSE combination led to significantly better improvement of SOVBF than OD alone. The differences between the reductions of SOVBF in the two groups are 1.26 cmls in max-volecity and 0.52 cm/s in min-voiecity （P〈0.0001）. CONCLUSION： SOVBF is significantly reduced in the orbits affected with TAO, indicating that congestion may be an important factor contributing to TAO pathogenesis. OD surgery improves the SOVBF, and combination of HCSE medication and OD surgery further improved venous return than OD surgery alone.展开更多
The effects of the micro-ramps on supersonic turbulent flow over a forward-facing step（FFS） was experimentally investigated in a supersonic low-noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scatt...The effects of the micro-ramps on supersonic turbulent flow over a forward-facing step（FFS） was experimentally investigated in a supersonic low-noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scattering（NPLS）and particle image velocimetry（PIV） techniques. High spatiotemporal resolution images and velocity fields of supersonic flow over the testing model were captured. The fine structures and their spatial evolutionary characteristics without and with the micro-ramps were revealed and compared. The large-scale structures generated by the micro-ramps can survive the downstream FFS flowfield. The micro-ramps control on the flow separation and the separation shock unsteadiness was investigated by PIV results. With the micro-ramps, the reduction in the range of the reversal flow zone in streamwise direction is 50% and the turbulence intensity is also reduced. Moreover, the reduction in the average separated region and in separation shock unsteadiness are 47% and 26%, respectively. The results indicate that the micro-ramps are effective in reducing the flow separation and the separation shock unsteadiness.展开更多
Summary： Whether the localized flow acceleration occurs in the resting stenotie left anterior descending coronary artery was explored and its value for detection of coronary stenosis estimated. Blood flow in the left...Summary： Whether the localized flow acceleration occurs in the resting stenotie left anterior descending coronary artery was explored and its value for detection of coronary stenosis estimated. Blood flow in the left anterior descending coronary arteries in 45 patients was detected by transthoratio color Doppler echocardiograph and multipoint pulse Doppler spectrums were recorded in the same segment. The ratio of the maximal peak diastolic velocity to the minimal peak diastolic velocity was calculated. The ratio ≥1.5 was the cutoff value for the presence of localized acceleration flow. There were 23 patients with localized acceleration flow examined by eehoeardiography. Twenty of them were found to have luminal diameter stenosis （60%-98%） in the left anterior descending coronary arteries by coronary angiography and 3 patients were normal. There were 22 patients without localized acceleration flow examined by eehoeardiography. Eighteen of them had no or %60 stenosis. Four patients had serious stenosis （≥95%） or occluded segments in the left anterior descending coronary arteries on coronary angiography. The ratio of the maximal peak diastolic velocity to the minimal peak diastolic velocity was significantly higher in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis than that in those without stenosis （1.9±0.3 vs 1.3±0.2, P〈0.01） and it correlated significantly with left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis （r=0.77, P〈0.01）. The specificity by using the ratio≥1. 5 for stenosis detection was 85.7% （18/ 21）, and the sensitivity was 83.3% （20/24）. This study demonstrated that local blood flow velocity was increased in the resting stenotie left anterior descending coronary artery. Transthoraeie color Doppler eehoeardiography is a reliable noninvasive method to detect localized acceleration flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis and it is useful in the noninvasive diagnosis of stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery.展开更多
Automatic Digital Orthophoto Map(DOM)generation plays an important role in many downstream works such as land use and cover detection,urban planning,and disaster assessment.Existing DOM generation methods can generate...Automatic Digital Orthophoto Map(DOM)generation plays an important role in many downstream works such as land use and cover detection,urban planning,and disaster assessment.Existing DOM generation methods can generate promising results but always need ground object filtered DEM generation before otho-rectification;this can consume much time and produce building facade contained results.To address this problem,a pixel-by-pixel digital differential rectification-based automatic DOM generation method is proposed in this paper.Firstly,3D point clouds with texture are generated by dense image matching based on an optical flow field for a stereo pair of images,respectively.Then,the grayscale of the digital differential rectification image is extracted directly from the point clouds element by element according to the nearest neighbor method for matched points.Subsequently,the elevation is repaired grid-by-grid using the multi-layer Locally Refined B-spline(LR-B)interpolation method with triangular mesh constraint for the point clouds void area,and the grayscale is obtained by the indirect scheme of digital differential rectification to generate the pixel-by-pixel digital differentially rectified image of a single image slice.Finally,a seamline network is automatically searched using a disparity map optimization algorithm,and DOM is smartly mosaicked.The qualitative and quantitative experimental results on three datasets were produced and evaluated,which confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method,and the DOM accuracy can reach 1 Ground Sample Distance(GSD)level.The comparison experiment with the state-of-the-art commercial softwares showed that the proposed method generated DOM has a better visual effect on building boundaries and roof completeness with comparable accuracy and computational efficiency.展开更多
The understanding of the liquid fuel spray and flow field characteristics inside a combustor is crucial for designing a fuel efficient and low emission device.Characterisation of the flow field of a model gas turbine ...The understanding of the liquid fuel spray and flow field characteristics inside a combustor is crucial for designing a fuel efficient and low emission device.Characterisation of the flow field of a model gas turbine liquid swirl burner is performed by using a2-D particle imaging velocimetry（PIV）system.The flow field pattern of an axial flow burner with a fixed swirl intensity is compared under confined and unconfined conditions,i.e.,with and without the combustor wall.The effect of temperature on the main swirling air flow is investigated under open and non-reacting conditions.The result shows that axial and radial velocities increase as a result of decreased flow density and increased flow volume.The flow field of the main swirling flow with liquid fuel spray injection is compared to non-spray swirling flow.Introduction of liquid fuel spray changes the swirl air flow field at the burner outlet,where the radial velocity components increase for both open and confined environment.Under reacting condition,the enclosure generates a corner recirculation zone that intensifies the strength of radial velocity.The reverse flow and corner recirculation zone assists in stabilizing the flame by preheating the reactants.The flow field data can be used as validation target for swirl combustion modelling.展开更多
Mountain glaciers are sensitive to environment. It is important to acquire ice flow velocities over time for glacier research and hazard forecast. For this paper, cross-correlating of optical images is used to monitor...Mountain glaciers are sensitive to environment. It is important to acquire ice flow velocities over time for glacier research and hazard forecast. For this paper, cross-correlating of optical images is used to monitor ice flow velocities, and an improvement, which is called ＂moving grid,＂ is made to this method. For this research, two remote-sensing images in a certain glacier area, dur-ing different times are selected. The first image is divided into grids, and we calculated the correlation coefficient of each window in the grid with the window on the second image. The window with the highest correlation coefficient is considered the counter-part one on the first image. The displacement of the two corresponding windows is the movement of the glacier, and it is used to calculate glacier surface velocity. Compared to the traditional way of dividing an image with ascertain grid, this method uses small steps to move the grid from one location to another adjacent location until the whole glacier area is covered in the image, thus in-creasing corresponding point density. We selected a glacier in the Tianshan Mountains for this experiment and used two re-mote-sensing images with a 10-year interval to determine this method.展开更多
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was partly supported by： projects of Technology Development Program of Shandong Province （No. 2014GSF 118033） Youth Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30901488）+2 种基金 Doctor Start Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province （No. 9451008901003001）Medical Science and Technology Research Foundation of Guangdong Province （No. A2008189） Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientist in Shandong Province （No. 2004BS02019） and Independent Innovation Funds of Center for Reproductive Medicine of Shandong University. These organizations aided in the design and conduct of the study as well as in the collection, management, and analysis of the data.
文摘We aim to investigate the correlations between hemodynamic parameters, penile rigidity grading, and the therapeutic effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors using color Doppler flow imaging after intracavernosal injection in patients with erectile dysfunction. This study involved 164 patients. After intracavernosal injection with a mixture of papaverine （60 mg）, prostaglandin E1 （10 μg）, and lidocaine （2%, 0.5-1 ml）, the penile vessels were assessed using color Doppler flow imaging. Penile rigidity was classified based on the Erection Hardness Score system as Grades 4, 3, 2 or 1 （corresponding to Schramek Grades Ⅴ to Ⅱ）. Then, the patients were given oral sildenafil （50-100 mg） and scored according to the International Index of Erectile Function （IIEF-5） questionnaire. The number of patients with penile rigidities of Schramek Grades Ⅱ to Ⅴ was 14, 18, 21, and 111, respectively. The IIEF-5 score was positively correlated with the refilling index of the penile cavernosal artery （r = 0.79, P 〈 0.05）, the peak systolic velocity （r= 0.45, P〈 0.05）, and penile rigidity （r= 0.75, P〈 0.05）, and was negatively correlated with the end diastolic velocity （r = -0.74, P 〈 0.05）. For patients with erectile dysfunction, both the IIEF-5 score after sildenafil administration, which is correlated with penile rigidity, and the hemodynamic parameters detected using color Doppler flow imaging may predict the effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor treatment and could provide a reasonable model for the targeted-treatment of erectile dysfunction.
文摘The recently introduced real-time three-dimensional color Doppler flow imaging （RT-3D CDFI） technique provides a quick and accurate calculation of regurgitant jet volume （RJV） and fraction. In order to evaluate RT-3D CDFI in the noninvasive assessment of aortic RJV and regurgitant jet fraction （RJF） in patients with isolated aortic regurgitation, real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed on 23 patients with isolated aortic regurgitation to obtain LV end-diastolic volumes （LVEDV）, end-systolic volumes （LVESV） and RJV, and then RJF could be calculated. The regurgitant volume （RV） and regurgitant fraction （RF） calculated by two-dimensional pulsed Doppler （2D-PD） method served as reference values. The results showed that aortic RJV measured by the RT-3D CDFI method showed a good correlation with the 2D-PD measurements （r= 0.93, Y=0.89X＋ 3.9, SEE= 8.6 mL, P〈0.001 ）; the mean （SD） difference between the two methods was - 1.5 （9.8） mL. % RJF estimated by the RT-3D CDFI method was also correlated well with the values obtained by the 2D-PD method （r=0.88, Y=0.71X＋ 14.8, SEE= 6.4 %, P〈0. 001）; the mean （SD） difference between the two methods was -1.2 （7.9） %. It was suggested that the newly developed RT-3D CDFI technique was feasible in the majority of patients. In patients with eccentric aortic regurgitation, this new modality provides additional information to that obtained from the two-dimensional examination, which overcomes the inherent limitations of two-dimensional echocardiography by depicting the full extent of the jet trajectory. In addition, the RT-3D CDFI method is quick and accurate in calculating RJV and RJF.
文摘The value of color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） and intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound （CEUS） for assessing the transplanted liver and early diagnosing complications by examining hemodynamic changes was discussed. Seventy-five patients with orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT） underwent CDFI. The following parameters were measured： peak systolic velocity （PS）, resistance index （RI） and Doppler perfusion index （DPI） of the hepatic artery （HA）, time average velocity （TAV） of portal vein （PV） and velocity of hepatic vein （HV） in different stages postoperation, And 11 patients of them received CEUS. Thirty healthy subjects were enrolled as controls, The results showed that： （1） In 23 patients without obvious complications, TAV of PV within 15 days post-operation was significantly higher than in controls （P〈0.05）, PS and DPI of HA within 7 days postoperation were lower, but RI was higher than in controls （P〈0.05）; （2） When the hepatic artery thrombosis （HAT） occurred, PS and DPI of HA were obviously decreased, but TAV of PV significantly increased like a high saw-tooth wave; （3） While rejection occurred, both TAV of PV and PS of HA were decreased with the increase in RI of HA, and the triphasic wave of HV disappeared and displayed as saw-tooth wave; （4） The incidence of biliary complications in liver transplantation was increased when DPI was reduced; （5） Seven cases of hepatic carcinoma relapse after OLT demonstrated hyperecho in the arterial phase and hypoecho in the portal and later phase on CEUS; （6） In 2 cases of HA thrombus, there was no visualized enhancement in arterial phase of CEUS, but enhancement during the portal vein and parenchymal phase. It was concluded that the hemodynamic changes of PV, HA and HV in the transplanted liver are valuable for assessing the transplanted liver and early diagnosing complications on CDFI and CEUS.
文摘Color flow imaging(CFI)ultrasound technique can discover the tumor vascularity and superimposed it to convontional B-mode ultrasonogram in real-time. The flow velocity on spectral Doppler sonogram can be measured by setting the sample volume to any selected site.One hundred and thirty-six patients with solid hepatic space-occupied lesions had been admitted and 113 cases were confirmed by operation and pathology,23 patients were strongly suspected by hepatic angiography (HAA).Ninety nine patients with 109 nodules were finally diagnosed as hepatic cellular carcinoma(HCC).According to color flow distribution pattern,3 kinds of color configuation had been nominated.Tumor vascularity discovered by CFI,especially the arterial blood flow was easy to be recognized,and its emerge rate was quite different between HCC group(94.5%)and hemangioma(HCH)group(17.07%)(P<0.01).Spectral Doppler studies were also carried out in these cases and the detectability of arterial flow in HCC group(95.41%)was much higher than that to HCH group (21. 95%) (P<0. 005).Resistant index(RI)and pulsatile index(PI)could be used to differentiate HCC (>0. 50 and >0.80 respectively)from HCH (P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively).Arterial-portal(A-P) shunt could also be detected by CFI and spectral Doppler(mostly its Vmax>0.6m/s).The detection rate of A-P shunt was 64% in HCC group,but no case could be detected in HCH group.
文摘Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber, great vessel,or other vascular structures. The presence of the fistula is usually identified by angiography. In this paper, the diagnosis of left coronary artery-right ventricle fistula was made by color Doppler before angiography? and it was confirmed by surgery.Color Doppler flow imaging is a noninvasive method which can reveal the proximal dilatation, the course and the draining site of CAF.
文摘Objective To observe the changes of thrombelastography (TEG) and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in the perioperative period after closed lower limb fracture.Methods Fasting venous blood samples in the morning from 11 healthy adults were used
文摘To report the methods and effect of axial pattern flap on lower limb in repairing deep wounds of heels by using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) technique so as to solve the ever before problems that the vessel can not be displayed in designing axial flap.Methods Suitable axial flaps on lower limbs were selected according to the character of the wounds.There were 25 flaps including 10 cases of the distal-based sural neurovascular flap,nine medial sole flap and six medial leg flap.All the axial pattern flaps were designed on the basis of traditional design ways before operation;then,CDFI appliance with high resolution was used to examine the starting spot,exterior diameter,trail and length of the flap’s major artery.The flaps were redesigned according to the results of CDFI and transferred to cover the wounds.In the meantime,both the results of operation and examination were compared.Results The major artery’s starting spot,exterior diameter,trail and anatomic layers were displayed clearly,in consistency with the results of operation.The flaps survived completely and recovered well,with perfect appearance,color and arthral function.Conclusion CDFI is a simple,macroscopic and atraumatic method for designing the axial pattern flap on lower limb,can provide more scientific and accurate evidence for preoperative determination of flap transplantation and is worthy of clinical application.10 refs,4 figs,2 tabs.
文摘Leesmidt et al present a comprehensive analysis of abdominal vascular flow in children using four-dimensional(4D)flow magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),aim to establish normal hemodynamic values for the abdominal visceral organs and to assess the feasibility of 4D flow MRI(4D-f-MRI)in this population.The researchers performed 4D-f-MRI on 9 pediatric patients with a history or suspi-cion of bowel pathology.Flow velocities were measured in the abdominal aorta and superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.The quality of the 4D-f-MRI images was evaluated,and the agreement between the measured flow velocities and those obtained from Duplex ultrasound was established.However,due to the specific limitations of this work,future studies should address the issues of small sample size and the specific age group design.
文摘BACKGROUND Four-dimensional(4D)flow magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is used as a noninvasive modality for assessing hemodynamic information with neurovascular and body applications.The application of 4D flow MRI for assessment of bowel disease in children has not been previously described.AIM To determine feasibility of superior mesenteric venous and arterial flow quantitation in pediatric patients using 4D flow MRI.METHODS Nine pediatric patients(7-14 years old,5 male and 4 female)with history or suspicion of bowel pathology,who underwent magnetic resonance(MR)enterography with 4D flow MR protocol from November 2022 to October 2023.Field strength/sequence:3T MRI using 4D flow MR protocol.Flow velocity and peak speed measurements were performed by two diagnostic radiologists placing the region of interest in perpendicular plane to blood flow on each cross section of superior mesenteric artery(SMA)and superior mesenteric vein(SMV)at three predetermined levels.Bland-Altman analysis,showed good agreement of flow velocity and peak speed measurements of SMV and SMA between two readers.RESULTS Mean SMV flow velocity increased from proximal to mid to distal(0.14 L/minute,0.17 L/minute,0.22 L/minute respectively).Mean SMA flow velocity decreased from proximal to mid to distal(0.35 L/minute,0.27 L/minute,0.21 L/minute respectively).Observed agreement was good for flow velocity measurements of SMV(mean bias-0.01 L/minute and 95%limits of agreement,-0.09 to 0.08 L/minute)and SMA(mean bias-0.03 L/minute and 95%limits of agreement,-0.23 to 0.17 L/minute)between two readers.Good agreement for peak speed measurements of SMV(mean bias-1.2 cm/second and 95%limits of agreement,-9.4 to 7.0 cm/second)and SMA(mean bias-3.2 cm/second and 95%limits of agreement,-31.4 to 24.9 cm/second).CONCLUSION Flow quantitation using 4D Flow is feasible to provide hemodynamic information for SMV and SMA in children.
文摘The article"Assessment of superior mesenteric vascular flow quantitation in children using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging"suggests to use of four-dimensional(4D)flow magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)which is also to measure the blood flow in the superior mesenteric vein(SMV)in pediatric patients over the traditional method.The study focuses on assessing the potential of SMV and superior mesenteric artery(SMA)flow quantification in children utilizing 4D flow MRI.It included 9 pediatric patients aged 18 years and below where 5 were male and 4 were female patients,on whom magnetic resonance enterorrhaphy(MRE)with 4D flow MRI protocol was used.Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc.Measurements of SMV and SMA between two readers were calculated using Bland-Altman analysis.The results stated that six patients showed no MRE evidence of active inflammatory bowel disease,two patients showed unmarkable bowel appearance on MRI and one patient showed normal MRE without endoscopy performed at the same timeframe.The study utilized available 4D flow MRI sequences in this study aiming to show the feasibility of 4D flow quantitation of SMA and SMV flow in pediatric patients.The study also discovered good agreement for both peak velocity and peak speed measurements of SMA and SMV.
文摘From December 1991 to April 1993, we performed color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in 11 patients with parathyroid adenoma, and all cases were confirmed by operation and pathology. In all the parathyroid adenomas,vessels were clearly revealed at the periphery of the upper pole and/or anterior periphery, where arterial signals were elicited. These arteries had branches into the adenomas and originated from inferior thyroid arteries on the same side in most cases. The internal flow signals were increased markedly as compared to normal thyroid, and high-velocity arterial signals were detected. Because of the thyroid' s rich blood supply and landmark peripheral vessels, CDFI can distinguish parathyroid foci from thyroid nodules, lymph nodes, and normal tissues and provide a sound basis for the diagnosis of small parathyroid foci.
基金financial support from the University of North Florida.
文摘Gaining a full understanding of the mechanisms of action of natural products as therapeutic agents includes observing the effects of natural products on cellular morphology,because abnormal cellular morphology is an important aspect of cellular transformations that occur as part of disease states.In this study a set of natural products was examined in search of small molecules that influence the cylindrical morphology of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.Imaging flow cytometry of large populations of S.pombe exposed to natural products captured cell images and revealed changes in mean length and aspect ratio of cells.Several natural products were found to alter S.pombe’s morphology relative to control,in terms of elongating cells,shrinking them,or making them more round.These results may facilitate future investigations into methods by which cells establish and maintain specific shapes.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61922079,61825107,and 62121003)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.GJJSTD20210004 and Y201927)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2500300).
文摘As the gold-standard method for single-cell analysis,flow cytometry enables high-throughput and multiple-parameter characterization of individual biological cells.This review highlights the demands for clinical flow cytometry in laboratory hematology(e.g.,diagnoses of minimal residual disease and various types of leukemia),summarizes state-of-the-art clinical flow cytometers(e.g.,FACSLyricTMby Becton Dickinson,DxFLEX by Beckman Coulter),then considers innovative technical improvements in flow cytometry(including quantitative,spectral,and imaging approaches)to address the limitations of clinical flow cytometry in hematology diagnosis.Finally,driven by these clinical demands,future developments in clinical flow cytometry are suggested.
基金financially supported by the National Instrumentation Program (No. 2011YQ17006702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21027013 and No. 81102413)Fundamental Research Program of Shenzhen (No. JC201005280634A)
文摘The imaging mass spectrometry（IMS） technology has experienced a rapid development in recent years.A new IMS technology which is based on air flow assisted ionization（AFAI） was reported.It allows for the convenient pretreatment of the samples and can image a large area of sample in a single measurement with high sensitivity.The AFAI in DESI mode was used as the ion source in this paper.The new IMS method is named AFADESI-IMS.The adoption of assisted air flow makes the sample pretreatment easy and convenient.An optimization of the distance between the ion transport tube and MS orifice increases the sensitivity of the system.For data processing,a program based on MATLAB with the function of numerical analysis was developed.A theoretical imaging resolution of a few hundred microns can be achieved.The composite AFAI-IMS images of different target analytes were imaged with high sensitivity.A typical AFAI-IMS image of the whole-body section of a rat was obtained in a single analytical measurement.The ability to image a large area for relevant samples in a single measurement with high sensitivity and repeatability is a significant advantage.The method has enormous potentials in the MS imaging of large and complicated samples.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orbital decomposition （OD） surgery in combination with horse chestnut seed extract （HCSE）, as compared to OD atone, in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy （TAO）. METHODS： Sixty-two orbits from 62 TAO patients were randomly assigned to OD or OD＋HCSE at 1：1 ratio （31 received OD alone, 31 received OD ＋HCSE）. Forty-two orbits from 21 healthy subjects were used as controls. Complete ophthalmic examination and color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） were performed before surgery and 3mo post-surgery on all 62 orbits from the TAO patients. CDFI were also performed on the 42 control orbits, The effect of OD ＋HCSE and OD alone on TAO orbits was compared on several endpoints, including superior ophthalmic vein blood flow （SOVBF） parameters, subjective assessment, soft tissue involvement, lid retraction, diplopia, eye movement restriction, degree of exophthalmos, and intraocular pressure. The control orbits were used as reference for the SOVBF parameters. RESULTS： OD surgery with or without HCSE improved SOVBF, symptoms and soft tissue involvement, decreased degree of exophthalmos and intraocular pressure in orbits of TAO patients. The OD ＋HCSE combination led to significantly better improvement of SOVBF than OD alone. The differences between the reductions of SOVBF in the two groups are 1.26 cmls in max-volecity and 0.52 cm/s in min-voiecity （P〈0.0001）. CONCLUSION： SOVBF is significantly reduced in the orbits affected with TAO, indicating that congestion may be an important factor contributing to TAO pathogenesis. OD surgery improves the SOVBF, and combination of HCSE medication and OD surgery further improved venous return than OD surgery alone.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11172326 and 11502280)
文摘The effects of the micro-ramps on supersonic turbulent flow over a forward-facing step（FFS） was experimentally investigated in a supersonic low-noise wind tunnel at Mach number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scattering（NPLS）and particle image velocimetry（PIV） techniques. High spatiotemporal resolution images and velocity fields of supersonic flow over the testing model were captured. The fine structures and their spatial evolutionary characteristics without and with the micro-ramps were revealed and compared. The large-scale structures generated by the micro-ramps can survive the downstream FFS flowfield. The micro-ramps control on the flow separation and the separation shock unsteadiness was investigated by PIV results. With the micro-ramps, the reduction in the range of the reversal flow zone in streamwise direction is 50% and the turbulence intensity is also reduced. Moreover, the reduction in the average separated region and in separation shock unsteadiness are 47% and 26%, respectively. The results indicate that the micro-ramps are effective in reducing the flow separation and the separation shock unsteadiness.
文摘Summary： Whether the localized flow acceleration occurs in the resting stenotie left anterior descending coronary artery was explored and its value for detection of coronary stenosis estimated. Blood flow in the left anterior descending coronary arteries in 45 patients was detected by transthoratio color Doppler echocardiograph and multipoint pulse Doppler spectrums were recorded in the same segment. The ratio of the maximal peak diastolic velocity to the minimal peak diastolic velocity was calculated. The ratio ≥1.5 was the cutoff value for the presence of localized acceleration flow. There were 23 patients with localized acceleration flow examined by eehoeardiography. Twenty of them were found to have luminal diameter stenosis （60%-98%） in the left anterior descending coronary arteries by coronary angiography and 3 patients were normal. There were 22 patients without localized acceleration flow examined by eehoeardiography. Eighteen of them had no or %60 stenosis. Four patients had serious stenosis （≥95%） or occluded segments in the left anterior descending coronary arteries on coronary angiography. The ratio of the maximal peak diastolic velocity to the minimal peak diastolic velocity was significantly higher in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis than that in those without stenosis （1.9±0.3 vs 1.3±0.2, P〈0.01） and it correlated significantly with left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis （r=0.77, P〈0.01）. The specificity by using the ratio≥1. 5 for stenosis detection was 85.7% （18/ 21）, and the sensitivity was 83.3% （20/24）. This study demonstrated that local blood flow velocity was increased in the resting stenotie left anterior descending coronary artery. Transthoraeie color Doppler eehoeardiography is a reliable noninvasive method to detect localized acceleration flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis and it is useful in the noninvasive diagnosis of stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.41771479]the National High-Resolution Earth Observation System(the Civil Part)[Grant No.50-H31D01-0508-13/15]the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science[Grant No.22H03573].
文摘Automatic Digital Orthophoto Map(DOM)generation plays an important role in many downstream works such as land use and cover detection,urban planning,and disaster assessment.Existing DOM generation methods can generate promising results but always need ground object filtered DEM generation before otho-rectification;this can consume much time and produce building facade contained results.To address this problem,a pixel-by-pixel digital differential rectification-based automatic DOM generation method is proposed in this paper.Firstly,3D point clouds with texture are generated by dense image matching based on an optical flow field for a stereo pair of images,respectively.Then,the grayscale of the digital differential rectification image is extracted directly from the point clouds element by element according to the nearest neighbor method for matched points.Subsequently,the elevation is repaired grid-by-grid using the multi-layer Locally Refined B-spline(LR-B)interpolation method with triangular mesh constraint for the point clouds void area,and the grayscale is obtained by the indirect scheme of digital differential rectification to generate the pixel-by-pixel digital differentially rectified image of a single image slice.Finally,a seamline network is automatically searched using a disparity map optimization algorithm,and DOM is smartly mosaicked.The qualitative and quantitative experimental results on three datasets were produced and evaluated,which confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method,and the DOM accuracy can reach 1 Ground Sample Distance(GSD)level.The comparison experiment with the state-of-the-art commercial softwares showed that the proposed method generated DOM has a better visual effect on building boundaries and roof completeness with comparable accuracy and computational efficiency.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(Research University Grant Tier-1,Grant No.06H29)Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation(MOSTI)Malaysia(Grant No.03-01-06-KHAS01)
文摘The understanding of the liquid fuel spray and flow field characteristics inside a combustor is crucial for designing a fuel efficient and low emission device.Characterisation of the flow field of a model gas turbine liquid swirl burner is performed by using a2-D particle imaging velocimetry（PIV）system.The flow field pattern of an axial flow burner with a fixed swirl intensity is compared under confined and unconfined conditions,i.e.,with and without the combustor wall.The effect of temperature on the main swirling air flow is investigated under open and non-reacting conditions.The result shows that axial and radial velocities increase as a result of decreased flow density and increased flow volume.The flow field of the main swirling flow with liquid fuel spray injection is compared to non-spray swirling flow.Introduction of liquid fuel spray changes the swirl air flow field at the burner outlet,where the radial velocity components increase for both open and confined environment.Under reacting condition,the enclosure generates a corner recirculation zone that intensifies the strength of radial velocity.The reverse flow and corner recirculation zone assists in stabilizing the flame by preheating the reactants.The flow field data can be used as validation target for swirl combustion modelling.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB723901)863 program (2009AA12Z145)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (kzcx2-yw-301)
文摘Mountain glaciers are sensitive to environment. It is important to acquire ice flow velocities over time for glacier research and hazard forecast. For this paper, cross-correlating of optical images is used to monitor ice flow velocities, and an improvement, which is called ＂moving grid,＂ is made to this method. For this research, two remote-sensing images in a certain glacier area, dur-ing different times are selected. The first image is divided into grids, and we calculated the correlation coefficient of each window in the grid with the window on the second image. The window with the highest correlation coefficient is considered the counter-part one on the first image. The displacement of the two corresponding windows is the movement of the glacier, and it is used to calculate glacier surface velocity. Compared to the traditional way of dividing an image with ascertain grid, this method uses small steps to move the grid from one location to another adjacent location until the whole glacier area is covered in the image, thus in-creasing corresponding point density. We selected a glacier in the Tianshan Mountains for this experiment and used two re-mote-sensing images with a 10-year interval to determine this method.
