With the in-depth reform of labor education,the teaching of the Floriculture course in colleges and universities should be further optimized.Teachers need to actively introduce new educational concepts and teaching me...With the in-depth reform of labor education,the teaching of the Floriculture course in colleges and universities should be further optimized.Teachers need to actively introduce new educational concepts and teaching methods to better arouse college students’interest,strengthen their understanding and application of the knowledge they have learned,and improve the effect of talent cultivation.As a popular educational auxiliary tool at present,Internet technology can greatly enrich the content of the Floriculture course teaching in colleges and universities,expand the path of talent cultivation,and play a significant role in promoting the all-round development of college students.In view of this,this paper will analyze the teaching reform of the Floriculture course in colleges and universities under the background of“Internet+”and put forward some strategies,which are only for reference by colleagues.展开更多
Background: The Ethiopian flower industry is growing fast with successful diversification of export products under greenhouse structures. Higher temperatures in the greenhouses pose a serious threat to the health of w...Background: The Ethiopian flower industry is growing fast with successful diversification of export products under greenhouse structures. Higher temperatures in the greenhouses pose a serious threat to the health of workers and add to the risk of occupational heat stress. Excessive heat in workplace settings also reduces work capacity and labour productivity. This study aims to investigate the level of heat exposure, and workers’ and managers’ perceptions and behavioural responses towards extreme heat exposure in a warming climate. Methods: We used the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) measured in representative greenhouses to capture the heat exposure during hotter and cooler seasons following ISO 7243 (generally risk of heat stress occurs when WBGT exceeds 26°C). A comparative cross-sectional study design with a stratified sampling method was used to assess occupational heat stress and workers’ perceptions of the impact of heat on their health and productivity in six different floriculture greenhouses in Ethiopia representing three different agro-ecologies and products. A questionnaire survey was conducted (30 managers/supervisors and 305 workers;76.1% female) to capture perceptions on heat exposures, symptoms of potential health impacts, productivity losses and coping mechanisms. Results: Heat exposure varied across different agroecologies, product types and greenhouse materials with a median WBGT Index of 25.5°C and a range from 18.1°C to 31.5°C. The impact of heat stress also varied across different employment sectors and geographical regions. Overall, workers in cut-flower greenhouses are exposed to higher than recommended WBGT Index (26°C) for 3 - 6 working hours daily. 65% of the managers reported that heat stress has a significant impact on the workers’ labour productivity, but do not have guidance about working in hot conditions. Workers reported more heat-related health issues and reduced productivity, especially in the mid-altitude greenhouses. About 50% of the workers reported that heat exposure decreased work productivity during hot hours. Sweating, exhaustion, heat-rashes, dehydration, crumps, nausea and headache were self-reported health issues. Labour productivity losses ranged from no loss to 19.5% in the mid- and low-altitudes. Conclusions and Recommendations: Excessive workplace heat in the greenhouses is both an occupational health hazard and detrimental to productivity in the floriculture industry. However, the level of understanding and actions on the ground regarding occupational heat stress are low. The code of conduct in place now does not consider the occupational heat stress issues. Multiple actions (engineering, management, training and policy-related recommendations) have to be implemented by Ethiopian Horticultural Producers and Exporters Association (EHPEA) and farm owners to mitigate heat stress and loss of productivity. Designing and implementing these heat prevention strategies and incorporating them into the code of conduct is in the interests of both employers and employees.展开更多
Agriculture continues to be the bedrock of Kenya’s economy at 24% of the GDP with 80% of the population living in the rural areas. Horticulture one of the sub-sectors in agriculture generates US$1 billion annually. T...Agriculture continues to be the bedrock of Kenya’s economy at 24% of the GDP with 80% of the population living in the rural areas. Horticulture one of the sub-sectors in agriculture generates US$1 billion annually. The favorable weather provides an environment for the flower industry to thrive. However, flowers are a very delicate commodity and require appropriate management to minimize losses due to decay. A GIS based system is thus desirable to manage the flower chain from the supplier that is the farms, to distributors and eventually to the florists/consumers. The goal of this study therefore was to leverage the use of GIS in managing the supply chain for floriculture application using Nairobi County as a case study. One of the objectives addressed involved identification of optimal or alternative routes for efficient delivery of flowers from the source to the consumer using Network analysis. Ensuring that customers receive the right flowers in terms of quality and quantity was also addressed using Business Intelligence analysis. Trace analysis was done to provide information to the consumers on the source of the flowers and the growing conditions. From the case study, City Market acted as the link between the flower farms and the florists/consumers. The results obtained were presented using maps, graphs, pie charts and tables. The Central Business District (CBD) was found to be the largest purchaser compared to other regions and the months considered. Karen and CBD were the highest purchasers of Lilies whereas Ferns were preferred in Westlands. The CBD registered high level of satisfaction followed by Karen. Greenhouses and hydroponic methods were used for growing flowers resulting in variations in terms of vase life and stem length. GIS in SCM for floriculture application is useful in understanding the floriculture business environment.展开更多
This paper analyzes the current situation and problems of the of gardening flowers professional practice teaching, including： rigid and obsolete teaching mode, student learning enthusiasm deficiencies; practice over ...This paper analyzes the current situation and problems of the of gardening flowers professional practice teaching, including： rigid and obsolete teaching mode, student learning enthusiasm deficiencies; practice over a single, and the lack of opportunity to practice and platform; lack of software and hardware construction, internship bases imperfect; lack of teachers＇ quality, teaching lack the times. The paper proposes a gardening the flowers professional practice teaching improvement strategies, including： innovative teaching ideas, improvement of education quality; comprehensive local conditions perfect practice, promote the construction and improvement of the practice platform; increase funding, improve the practice teachin~ base; to enhance the training and continuing education to improve practice, the overall quality of the course insla＇uctor.展开更多
The floriculture industry is experiencing rapid growth with high profitability driven by its irreplaceable symbolic,therapeutic,and emotional value for decorative and aesthetic purposes.However,this prosperity comes w...The floriculture industry is experiencing rapid growth with high profitability driven by its irreplaceable symbolic,therapeutic,and emotional value for decorative and aesthetic purposes.However,this prosperity comes with significant environmental costs,as the industry's pursuit of high-quality flower production is largely shaped by profit-driven motives.This thus creates a paradox:while flowers symbolize natural beauty and harmony,their unsustainable production modes undermine these very ideals.In this context,it is emphasized that floral plants can be both economically important and ecologically significant,particularly their functional roles in supporting key components of terrestrial ecosystems.Two potential applications of floral plants in the agroecosystem are proposed:flower strips in agricultural systems and flower meadows comprising halophytes and hyperaccumulators in degraded landscapes.By harnessing the potential functional diversity of floral plants to provide their respective ecological services,it offers an alternative pathway for the floriculture industry to evolve toward a future that balances beauty with sustainability.展开更多
Objective: To assess the quality of water using biological and chemical information correlation study. Methods: A total of 6 sites, one reference site less impaired to represent natural conditions from upstream, and 5...Objective: To assess the quality of water using biological and chemical information correlation study. Methods: A total of 6 sites, one reference site less impaired to represent natural conditions from upstream, and 5 impaired sites in the downstream were sampled for macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters. Results: In the polluted sites with high nutrient enrichment and organic loading, only organisms with special physiological and morphological adaptations were found, such as Hydrobiidae, Physidae and Viviparidae snails. Physicochemical parameters: electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, sulphate, orthophosphate and nitrate-nitrogen and metrics: percent of Mollusca, percent of Physidae and percent of dominant taxa were used for monitoring, and expected to have strong positive relation with increasing disturbance. Conclusions: Therefore, floriculture industries wastewater discharged to the nearby rivers has enormous effect on the degradation of the ecosystem. To sustain the ecological conditions of the nearby rivers, wastewater treatment and environmental audit were suggested. Environmental assessment and environmental audit enable the floriculturist to keep humans and the environment safe. Taking care of workers, soil, water and the environment has to be seen with great care and caution because it is difficult to maintain a healthy community and carry out development in a degraded environment.展开更多
Modelling the energy use and microclimate of a greenhouse can be a valuable tool for commercial growers,making it possible to predict the impact of making changes to greenhouse systems and operation.This allows energy...Modelling the energy use and microclimate of a greenhouse can be a valuable tool for commercial growers,making it possible to predict the impact of making changes to greenhouse systems and operation.This allows energy saving scenarios to be identified and can reduce energy use costs.In this study,a lumped capacitance thermal model is developed to simulate the greenhouse interior microclimate based on exterior conditions and operating settings.The current study incorporated many aspects of a complex commercial greenhouse not commonly seen in literature,such as evaporative cooling pads,dehumidification technology,gas burners,energy curtains,supplementary heating and lighting,and forced ventilation.The model was successfully validated at multiple greenhouse sections of a commercial greenhouse during spring,summer,and fall conditions in the southern Ontario climate.Data was collected from the greenhouse from March to November of 2019 at 15-minute intervals.The measured interior temperature and relative humidity data were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model simulations,while other measurements,such as solar radiation,were used as model inputs.The study greenhouse was unique,as potted rose crops were cycled between sections during the growth stage.This made variation in plant properties relatively small during the different seasons.Detailed information on the model methodology was included to improve reader’s understanding.Overall,the model accuracy is comparable or even better when compared to similar models in the literature,proving it is versatile and can be used as a design tool moving forward.In the future,the current model will be used to conduct comparative analyses of a range of different energy-use reduction technologies and operating procedures(including year-round production)to quantify the most economically and practically feasible options specifically for Ontario greenhouse growers.展开更多
An investigation was undertaken to analyse the influence of microbial inoculants on growth and enzyme activities elicited, and soil microbiome of two varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, which were grown under...An investigation was undertaken to analyse the influence of microbial inoculants on growth and enzyme activities elicited, and soil microbiome of two varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, which were grown under protected mode of cultivation. Rhizosphere soil sampling at 45 and 90 DAT(days after transplanting of cuttings) revealed up to four- to five-fold enhancement in the activity of defence-, and pathogenesisrelated, and antioxidant enzymes, relative to the uninoculated control. Plant growth and soil microbial parameters, especially soil microbial biomass carbon and potential nitrification exhibited significant increases over control. Available soil nitrogen concentrations showed 40%–44% increment in inoculated treatments. Scanning electron microscopy of the root tissues revealed biofilm-like aggregates and individual short bits of cyanobacterial filaments. Analyses of DGGE profiles of archaeal and bacterial communities did not show temporal variations(between 45 and 90 DAT). However,distinct influences on the number and abundance of phylotypes due to microbial inoculants were recorded. The inoculants — Cyanobacterial consortium(BF1- 4) and Anabaena sp.–Trichoderma sp. biofilm(An-Tr) were particularly promising in terms of the plant and soil related parameters,and remained distinct in the DGGE profiles generated. The effect of Trichoderma viride–Azotobacter biofilm on soil bacterial and archaeal communities was unique and distinct as a separate cluster. This study highlights that microbial inoculants exert positive effects, which are specific even to the rhizosphere soil microbiome of chrysanthemum varieties tested. Such inoculants can serve as soil fertility enhancing options in protected floriculture.展开更多
Compared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves(petals)directly subtending the reproductive structures,most Zingiberaceae species produce showy“flowers”through modifications of leaves(br...Compared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves(petals)directly subtending the reproductive structures,most Zingiberaceae species produce showy“flowers”through modifications of leaves(bracts)subtending the true flowers throughout an inflorescence.Curcuma alismatifolia,belonging to the Zingiberaceae family,a plant species originating from Southeast Asia,has become increasingly popular in the flower market worldwide because of its varied and esthetically pleasing bracts produced in different cultivars.Here,we present the chromosome-scale genome assembly of C.alismatifolia“Chiang Mai Pink”and explore the underlying mechanisms of bract pigmentation.Comparative genomic analysis revealed C.alismatifolia contains a residual signal of whole-genome duplication.Duplicated genes,including pigment-related genes,exhibit functional and structural differentiation resulting in diverse bract colors among C.alismatifolia cultivars.In addition,we identified the key genes that produce different colored bracts in C.alismatifolia,such as F3′5'H,DFR,ANS and several transcription factors for anthocyanin synthesis,as well as chlH and CAO in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway by conducting transcriptomic analysis,bulked segregant analysis using both DNA and RNA data,and population genomic analysis.This work provides data for understanding the mechanism of bract pigmentation and will accelerate breeding in developing novel cultivars with richly colored bracts in C.alismatifolia and related species.It is also important to understand the variation in the evolution of the Zingiberaceae family.展开更多
To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was conducte...To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was conducted.The influences of different parameters such as droplet diameter, application intensity, specific power on flower strike damage was analyzed using Image Pro-Plus software to compute strike damage area and define damage level by sense-analysis. The results showed that a damage area of < 1% represents a safe irrigation level, 1%–3% slight damage level, 3%–6% moderate damage level, and > 6%heavy damage level. Equations of application intensity,specific power with sprinkler irrigation time and flower injury ratio were regressed against parameters which cause impact damages. The results indicated that specific power has a significant correlation with injury, and flower damage area increased as the increasing of the value of specific power for the same irrigation time. Application intensity was also correlated with injury when the droplet diameter was larger than 1 mm. When the duration of sprinkler irrigation was 1, 5 and 10 min, the threshold of impinging damage of application intensity was 25.30, 5.01 and1.64 mm·h^(–1) and the specific power was 0.467×10^(–3),9.340×10^(–3) and 3.110×10^(–3)W·m^(–2). These results provide a reference for determining the suitable values of sprinkler properties in operation design.展开更多
基金Research on the Collaborative Path of Curriculum Ideology and Politics in Landscape Architecture Specialty under the Background of New Engineering(Project No.:NGJGH2024018)Empirical Research on the Training Mode of Compound Applied Talents with“Micro-Majors and Interdisciplinary Integration”under the Collaboration of Industry and Education(Project No.:NGJGH2024230)。
文摘With the in-depth reform of labor education,the teaching of the Floriculture course in colleges and universities should be further optimized.Teachers need to actively introduce new educational concepts and teaching methods to better arouse college students’interest,strengthen their understanding and application of the knowledge they have learned,and improve the effect of talent cultivation.As a popular educational auxiliary tool at present,Internet technology can greatly enrich the content of the Floriculture course teaching in colleges and universities,expand the path of talent cultivation,and play a significant role in promoting the all-round development of college students.In view of this,this paper will analyze the teaching reform of the Floriculture course in colleges and universities under the background of“Internet+”and put forward some strategies,which are only for reference by colleagues.
文摘Background: The Ethiopian flower industry is growing fast with successful diversification of export products under greenhouse structures. Higher temperatures in the greenhouses pose a serious threat to the health of workers and add to the risk of occupational heat stress. Excessive heat in workplace settings also reduces work capacity and labour productivity. This study aims to investigate the level of heat exposure, and workers’ and managers’ perceptions and behavioural responses towards extreme heat exposure in a warming climate. Methods: We used the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) measured in representative greenhouses to capture the heat exposure during hotter and cooler seasons following ISO 7243 (generally risk of heat stress occurs when WBGT exceeds 26°C). A comparative cross-sectional study design with a stratified sampling method was used to assess occupational heat stress and workers’ perceptions of the impact of heat on their health and productivity in six different floriculture greenhouses in Ethiopia representing three different agro-ecologies and products. A questionnaire survey was conducted (30 managers/supervisors and 305 workers;76.1% female) to capture perceptions on heat exposures, symptoms of potential health impacts, productivity losses and coping mechanisms. Results: Heat exposure varied across different agroecologies, product types and greenhouse materials with a median WBGT Index of 25.5°C and a range from 18.1°C to 31.5°C. The impact of heat stress also varied across different employment sectors and geographical regions. Overall, workers in cut-flower greenhouses are exposed to higher than recommended WBGT Index (26°C) for 3 - 6 working hours daily. 65% of the managers reported that heat stress has a significant impact on the workers’ labour productivity, but do not have guidance about working in hot conditions. Workers reported more heat-related health issues and reduced productivity, especially in the mid-altitude greenhouses. About 50% of the workers reported that heat exposure decreased work productivity during hot hours. Sweating, exhaustion, heat-rashes, dehydration, crumps, nausea and headache were self-reported health issues. Labour productivity losses ranged from no loss to 19.5% in the mid- and low-altitudes. Conclusions and Recommendations: Excessive workplace heat in the greenhouses is both an occupational health hazard and detrimental to productivity in the floriculture industry. However, the level of understanding and actions on the ground regarding occupational heat stress are low. The code of conduct in place now does not consider the occupational heat stress issues. Multiple actions (engineering, management, training and policy-related recommendations) have to be implemented by Ethiopian Horticultural Producers and Exporters Association (EHPEA) and farm owners to mitigate heat stress and loss of productivity. Designing and implementing these heat prevention strategies and incorporating them into the code of conduct is in the interests of both employers and employees.
文摘Agriculture continues to be the bedrock of Kenya’s economy at 24% of the GDP with 80% of the population living in the rural areas. Horticulture one of the sub-sectors in agriculture generates US$1 billion annually. The favorable weather provides an environment for the flower industry to thrive. However, flowers are a very delicate commodity and require appropriate management to minimize losses due to decay. A GIS based system is thus desirable to manage the flower chain from the supplier that is the farms, to distributors and eventually to the florists/consumers. The goal of this study therefore was to leverage the use of GIS in managing the supply chain for floriculture application using Nairobi County as a case study. One of the objectives addressed involved identification of optimal or alternative routes for efficient delivery of flowers from the source to the consumer using Network analysis. Ensuring that customers receive the right flowers in terms of quality and quantity was also addressed using Business Intelligence analysis. Trace analysis was done to provide information to the consumers on the source of the flowers and the growing conditions. From the case study, City Market acted as the link between the flower farms and the florists/consumers. The results obtained were presented using maps, graphs, pie charts and tables. The Central Business District (CBD) was found to be the largest purchaser compared to other regions and the months considered. Karen and CBD were the highest purchasers of Lilies whereas Ferns were preferred in Westlands. The CBD registered high level of satisfaction followed by Karen. Greenhouses and hydroponic methods were used for growing flowers resulting in variations in terms of vase life and stem length. GIS in SCM for floriculture application is useful in understanding the floriculture business environment.
文摘This paper analyzes the current situation and problems of the of gardening flowers professional practice teaching, including： rigid and obsolete teaching mode, student learning enthusiasm deficiencies; practice over a single, and the lack of opportunity to practice and platform; lack of software and hardware construction, internship bases imperfect; lack of teachers＇ quality, teaching lack the times. The paper proposes a gardening the flowers professional practice teaching improvement strategies, including： innovative teaching ideas, improvement of education quality; comprehensive local conditions perfect practice, promote the construction and improvement of the practice platform; increase funding, improve the practice teachin~ base; to enhance the training and continuing education to improve practice, the overall quality of the course insla＇uctor.
基金supported by the Talent cultivation funding supported by Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2023RCYP-06)the Scientific and Technological Talents and Platform Program of Yunnan Province(Academician Expert Workstation)(202305AF150165)the Xingdian Talent Support Project(CYRC2020004).
文摘The floriculture industry is experiencing rapid growth with high profitability driven by its irreplaceable symbolic,therapeutic,and emotional value for decorative and aesthetic purposes.However,this prosperity comes with significant environmental costs,as the industry's pursuit of high-quality flower production is largely shaped by profit-driven motives.This thus creates a paradox:while flowers symbolize natural beauty and harmony,their unsustainable production modes undermine these very ideals.In this context,it is emphasized that floral plants can be both economically important and ecologically significant,particularly their functional roles in supporting key components of terrestrial ecosystems.Two potential applications of floral plants in the agroecosystem are proposed:flower strips in agricultural systems and flower meadows comprising halophytes and hyperaccumulators in degraded landscapes.By harnessing the potential functional diversity of floral plants to provide their respective ecological services,it offers an alternative pathway for the floriculture industry to evolve toward a future that balances beauty with sustainability.
文摘Objective: To assess the quality of water using biological and chemical information correlation study. Methods: A total of 6 sites, one reference site less impaired to represent natural conditions from upstream, and 5 impaired sites in the downstream were sampled for macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters. Results: In the polluted sites with high nutrient enrichment and organic loading, only organisms with special physiological and morphological adaptations were found, such as Hydrobiidae, Physidae and Viviparidae snails. Physicochemical parameters: electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, sulphate, orthophosphate and nitrate-nitrogen and metrics: percent of Mollusca, percent of Physidae and percent of dominant taxa were used for monitoring, and expected to have strong positive relation with increasing disturbance. Conclusions: Therefore, floriculture industries wastewater discharged to the nearby rivers has enormous effect on the degradation of the ecosystem. To sustain the ecological conditions of the nearby rivers, wastewater treatment and environmental audit were suggested. Environmental assessment and environmental audit enable the floriculturist to keep humans and the environment safe. Taking care of workers, soil, water and the environment has to be seen with great care and caution because it is difficult to maintain a healthy community and carry out development in a degraded environment.
基金the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs(OMAFRA)Alliance–Tier 1 program(grant UG-T1-2020-100103“Heat Storage to Save Energy in Ontario Greenhouses”).
文摘Modelling the energy use and microclimate of a greenhouse can be a valuable tool for commercial growers,making it possible to predict the impact of making changes to greenhouse systems and operation.This allows energy saving scenarios to be identified and can reduce energy use costs.In this study,a lumped capacitance thermal model is developed to simulate the greenhouse interior microclimate based on exterior conditions and operating settings.The current study incorporated many aspects of a complex commercial greenhouse not commonly seen in literature,such as evaporative cooling pads,dehumidification technology,gas burners,energy curtains,supplementary heating and lighting,and forced ventilation.The model was successfully validated at multiple greenhouse sections of a commercial greenhouse during spring,summer,and fall conditions in the southern Ontario climate.Data was collected from the greenhouse from March to November of 2019 at 15-minute intervals.The measured interior temperature and relative humidity data were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model simulations,while other measurements,such as solar radiation,were used as model inputs.The study greenhouse was unique,as potted rose crops were cycled between sections during the growth stage.This made variation in plant properties relatively small during the different seasons.Detailed information on the model methodology was included to improve reader’s understanding.Overall,the model accuracy is comparable or even better when compared to similar models in the literature,proving it is versatile and can be used as a design tool moving forward.In the future,the current model will be used to conduct comparative analyses of a range of different energy-use reduction technologies and operating procedures(including year-round production)to quantify the most economically and practically feasible options specifically for Ontario greenhouse growers.
基金funded by the AMAAS Network Project on Microorganisms(IARI Code:12/122)granted by ICAR to RP and the SERB project(SR/S0/PS/164/2010)DST,Government of India granted to BR
文摘An investigation was undertaken to analyse the influence of microbial inoculants on growth and enzyme activities elicited, and soil microbiome of two varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, which were grown under protected mode of cultivation. Rhizosphere soil sampling at 45 and 90 DAT(days after transplanting of cuttings) revealed up to four- to five-fold enhancement in the activity of defence-, and pathogenesisrelated, and antioxidant enzymes, relative to the uninoculated control. Plant growth and soil microbial parameters, especially soil microbial biomass carbon and potential nitrification exhibited significant increases over control. Available soil nitrogen concentrations showed 40%–44% increment in inoculated treatments. Scanning electron microscopy of the root tissues revealed biofilm-like aggregates and individual short bits of cyanobacterial filaments. Analyses of DGGE profiles of archaeal and bacterial communities did not show temporal variations(between 45 and 90 DAT). However,distinct influences on the number and abundance of phylotypes due to microbial inoculants were recorded. The inoculants — Cyanobacterial consortium(BF1- 4) and Anabaena sp.–Trichoderma sp. biofilm(An-Tr) were particularly promising in terms of the plant and soil related parameters,and remained distinct in the DGGE profiles generated. The effect of Trichoderma viride–Azotobacter biofilm on soil bacterial and archaeal communities was unique and distinct as a separate cluster. This study highlights that microbial inoculants exert positive effects, which are specific even to the rhizosphere soil microbiome of chrysanthemum varieties tested. Such inoculants can serve as soil fertility enhancing options in protected floriculture.
基金supported by the opening project of Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from Yunnan University and Shenzhen Zhongnonghuadu Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd.(R20012)to Z.WUSDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project 02685 to W.L.We gratefully acknowledge Daniel B Sloan(Colorado State University)and the personnel of the Wu laboratory for help with providing suggestions and revising the manuscript.
文摘Compared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves(petals)directly subtending the reproductive structures,most Zingiberaceae species produce showy“flowers”through modifications of leaves(bracts)subtending the true flowers throughout an inflorescence.Curcuma alismatifolia,belonging to the Zingiberaceae family,a plant species originating from Southeast Asia,has become increasingly popular in the flower market worldwide because of its varied and esthetically pleasing bracts produced in different cultivars.Here,we present the chromosome-scale genome assembly of C.alismatifolia“Chiang Mai Pink”and explore the underlying mechanisms of bract pigmentation.Comparative genomic analysis revealed C.alismatifolia contains a residual signal of whole-genome duplication.Duplicated genes,including pigment-related genes,exhibit functional and structural differentiation resulting in diverse bract colors among C.alismatifolia cultivars.In addition,we identified the key genes that produce different colored bracts in C.alismatifolia,such as F3′5'H,DFR,ANS and several transcription factors for anthocyanin synthesis,as well as chlH and CAO in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway by conducting transcriptomic analysis,bulked segregant analysis using both DNA and RNA data,and population genomic analysis.This work provides data for understanding the mechanism of bract pigmentation and will accelerate breeding in developing novel cultivars with richly colored bracts in C.alismatifolia and related species.It is also important to understand the variation in the evolution of the Zingiberaceae family.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Program in Rural Areas during the Twelfth Fiveyear Plan Period (2015BAD22B01-02)
文摘To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was conducted.The influences of different parameters such as droplet diameter, application intensity, specific power on flower strike damage was analyzed using Image Pro-Plus software to compute strike damage area and define damage level by sense-analysis. The results showed that a damage area of < 1% represents a safe irrigation level, 1%–3% slight damage level, 3%–6% moderate damage level, and > 6%heavy damage level. Equations of application intensity,specific power with sprinkler irrigation time and flower injury ratio were regressed against parameters which cause impact damages. The results indicated that specific power has a significant correlation with injury, and flower damage area increased as the increasing of the value of specific power for the same irrigation time. Application intensity was also correlated with injury when the droplet diameter was larger than 1 mm. When the duration of sprinkler irrigation was 1, 5 and 10 min, the threshold of impinging damage of application intensity was 25.30, 5.01 and1.64 mm·h^(–1) and the specific power was 0.467×10^(–3),9.340×10^(–3) and 3.110×10^(–3)W·m^(–2). These results provide a reference for determining the suitable values of sprinkler properties in operation design.
