Flooding in rice fields,especially in coastal regions and low-lying river basins,causes significant devastation to crops.Rice is highly susceptible to prolonged flooding,with a drastic decline in yields if inundation ...Flooding in rice fields,especially in coastal regions and low-lying river basins,causes significant devastation to crops.Rice is highly susceptible to prolonged flooding,with a drastic decline in yields if inundation persists for more than 7 d,especially during the reproductive stage.Although the SUB1 QTL,which confers tolerance to complete submergence during the vegetative stage,has been incorporated into breeding programs,the development of alternative sources is crucial.These alternatives would broaden the genetic base,mitigate the influence of the genomic background,and extend the efficacy of SUB1 QTL to withstand longer submergence periods(up to approximately 21 d).Contemporary breeding strategies predominantly target submergence stress at the vegetative stage.However,stagnant flooding(partial submergence of vegetative parts)during the reproductive phase inflicts severe damage on the rice crop,leading to reduced yields,heightened susceptibility to pests and diseases,lodging,and inferior grain quality.The ability to tolerate stagnant flooding can be ascribed to several adaptive traits:accelerated aerenchyma formation,efficient underwater photosynthesis,reduced radial oxygen loss in submerged tissues,reinforced culms,enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging within cells,dehydration tolerance post-flooding,and resistance to pests and diseases.A thorough investigation of the genetics underlying these traits,coupled with the integration of key alleles into elite genetic backgrounds,can significantly enhance food and income security in flood-prone rice-growing regions,particularly in coastal high-rainfall areas and low-lying river basins.This review aims to delineate an innovative breeding strategy that employs genomic,phenomic,and traditional breeding methodologies to develop rice varieties resilient to various dimensions of flooding stress at both the vegetative and reproductive stages.展开更多
Symbiotic fungi are involved in plant flooding tolerance,while the underlying mechanism is not yet known.Since polyamines(PAs)and proline are also associated with stress tolerance,it is hypothesized that the enhanceme...Symbiotic fungi are involved in plant flooding tolerance,while the underlying mechanism is not yet known.Since polyamines(PAs)and proline are also associated with stress tolerance,it is hypothesized that the enhancement of stress resistance by symbiotic fungi is associated with changes in PAs and/or proline.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica on plant growth,PAs,and proline and the metabolisms in peach(Prunus persica)under flooding.Two-week flooding did not affect root colonization frequence of F.mosseae,while it promoted root colonization frequence of S.indica.Under flooding,plants inoculated with F.mosseae and S.indica maintained relatively higher growth rates than uninoculated plants.Funneliformis mosseae promoted root ornithine(Orn)contentration and arginine(Arg)and Orn decarboxylase activities under flooding,which promoted putrescine(Put),cadaverine(Cad),and spermidine(Spd)contentrations.Conversely,S.indica decreased contentrations of Arg,Orn,and agmatine and Arg decarboxylase activities,thus decreasing PA contentrations under flooding.Polyamines were negatively correlated with the expression of PA uptake transporter genes,PpPUT1 and PpPUT2,in peach.Polyamine transporter genes of F.mosseae(FmTPO)and S.indica(SiTPO)were regulated by flooding,of which FmTPO1 was positively correlated with Put,Cad,and Spd,along with positive correlations of Spd with SiTPO1,SiTPO2,and SiTPO4.Under flooding,F.mosseae decreased proline concentration,while S.indica increased proline concentration and correlated with expression of a△^(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene,PpP5CS2.It was thus concluded that F.mosseae modulated polyamine accumulation,while S.indica induced proline accumulation to tolerate flooding.展开更多
Aims Plant community assembly in wetlands usually changes with eleva-tion gradients,which may be due to the direct effect of flooding and indirect effects such as changes in soil properties and competition.However,the...Aims Plant community assembly in wetlands usually changes with eleva-tion gradients,which may be due to the direct effect of flooding and indirect effects such as changes in soil properties and competition.However,the respective importance of each factor remains to be investigated.Methods We investigated patterns of plant diversity,community biomass and soil properties along an elevation gradient of a lakeshore meadow at Poyang Lake,China.Important Findings(i)With increasing elevation,species richness and Simpson diver-sity index decreased.Both aboveground biomass(AGB)and below-ground biomass(BGB)increased with elevation,however,the BGB/AGB ratio also increased,which suggests a significant effect of belowground competition.(ii)Soil N content and soil N:P ratio increased,whereas soil pH decreased with elevation.Other soil properties showed no significant response.(iii)Structural equa-tion modeling showed that variation of plant diversity was mainly explained by BGB.Thus,intensified belowground competition seems to be the primary mechanism causing lower plant diversity at higher elevations.(iv)These findings were further supported by the observed greater response ratio of N and P storage in plant commu-nities than the response ratio of soil N and P content to elevation,suggesting that soil nutrient limitation and belowground nutrient competition increased with elevation.Our study has important implications to wetland management and biodiversity conserva-tion under environmental change(e.g.changes in flooding regimes,eutrophication).展开更多
基金the University Grants Commission(UGC),Government of India for the UGC-Non-NET Fellowship during the PhD degree program(Grant No.R/Dev/IX-Sch/BHU-Res-Sch/2022-23/51137).
文摘Flooding in rice fields,especially in coastal regions and low-lying river basins,causes significant devastation to crops.Rice is highly susceptible to prolonged flooding,with a drastic decline in yields if inundation persists for more than 7 d,especially during the reproductive stage.Although the SUB1 QTL,which confers tolerance to complete submergence during the vegetative stage,has been incorporated into breeding programs,the development of alternative sources is crucial.These alternatives would broaden the genetic base,mitigate the influence of the genomic background,and extend the efficacy of SUB1 QTL to withstand longer submergence periods(up to approximately 21 d).Contemporary breeding strategies predominantly target submergence stress at the vegetative stage.However,stagnant flooding(partial submergence of vegetative parts)during the reproductive phase inflicts severe damage on the rice crop,leading to reduced yields,heightened susceptibility to pests and diseases,lodging,and inferior grain quality.The ability to tolerate stagnant flooding can be ascribed to several adaptive traits:accelerated aerenchyma formation,efficient underwater photosynthesis,reduced radial oxygen loss in submerged tissues,reinforced culms,enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging within cells,dehydration tolerance post-flooding,and resistance to pests and diseases.A thorough investigation of the genetics underlying these traits,coupled with the integration of key alleles into elite genetic backgrounds,can significantly enhance food and income security in flood-prone rice-growing regions,particularly in coastal high-rainfall areas and low-lying river basins.This review aims to delineate an innovative breeding strategy that employs genomic,phenomic,and traditional breeding methodologies to develop rice varieties resilient to various dimensions of flooding stress at both the vegetative and reproductive stages.
基金supported by the Open Fund of Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,China(No.KFT202005)。
文摘Symbiotic fungi are involved in plant flooding tolerance,while the underlying mechanism is not yet known.Since polyamines(PAs)and proline are also associated with stress tolerance,it is hypothesized that the enhancement of stress resistance by symbiotic fungi is associated with changes in PAs and/or proline.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica on plant growth,PAs,and proline and the metabolisms in peach(Prunus persica)under flooding.Two-week flooding did not affect root colonization frequence of F.mosseae,while it promoted root colonization frequence of S.indica.Under flooding,plants inoculated with F.mosseae and S.indica maintained relatively higher growth rates than uninoculated plants.Funneliformis mosseae promoted root ornithine(Orn)contentration and arginine(Arg)and Orn decarboxylase activities under flooding,which promoted putrescine(Put),cadaverine(Cad),and spermidine(Spd)contentrations.Conversely,S.indica decreased contentrations of Arg,Orn,and agmatine and Arg decarboxylase activities,thus decreasing PA contentrations under flooding.Polyamines were negatively correlated with the expression of PA uptake transporter genes,PpPUT1 and PpPUT2,in peach.Polyamine transporter genes of F.mosseae(FmTPO)and S.indica(SiTPO)were regulated by flooding,of which FmTPO1 was positively correlated with Put,Cad,and Spd,along with positive correlations of Spd with SiTPO1,SiTPO2,and SiTPO4.Under flooding,F.mosseae decreased proline concentration,while S.indica increased proline concentration and correlated with expression of a△^(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene,PpP5CS2.It was thus concluded that F.mosseae modulated polyamine accumulation,while S.indica induced proline accumulation to tolerate flooding.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600369,31260107)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M590315)+2 种基金Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization,Ministry of Education(PYH2015-09)Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology and Geographical Environment Monitoring,NASG(WE2015009)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures,Guangxi institute of Water Resources Research(GXHRI-WEMS-2018-4).
文摘Aims Plant community assembly in wetlands usually changes with eleva-tion gradients,which may be due to the direct effect of flooding and indirect effects such as changes in soil properties and competition.However,the respective importance of each factor remains to be investigated.Methods We investigated patterns of plant diversity,community biomass and soil properties along an elevation gradient of a lakeshore meadow at Poyang Lake,China.Important Findings(i)With increasing elevation,species richness and Simpson diver-sity index decreased.Both aboveground biomass(AGB)and below-ground biomass(BGB)increased with elevation,however,the BGB/AGB ratio also increased,which suggests a significant effect of belowground competition.(ii)Soil N content and soil N:P ratio increased,whereas soil pH decreased with elevation.Other soil properties showed no significant response.(iii)Structural equa-tion modeling showed that variation of plant diversity was mainly explained by BGB.Thus,intensified belowground competition seems to be the primary mechanism causing lower plant diversity at higher elevations.(iv)These findings were further supported by the observed greater response ratio of N and P storage in plant commu-nities than the response ratio of soil N and P content to elevation,suggesting that soil nutrient limitation and belowground nutrient competition increased with elevation.Our study has important implications to wetland management and biodiversity conserva-tion under environmental change(e.g.changes in flooding regimes,eutrophication).
