Nature-based solutions(NBS)involve the sustainable maintenance,management,and restoration of natural or modified ecosystems.Flooding is a major problem in Phnom Penh,Cambodia,and has significant social and economic ra...Nature-based solutions(NBS)involve the sustainable maintenance,management,and restoration of natural or modified ecosystems.Flooding is a major problem in Phnom Penh,Cambodia,and has significant social and economic ramifications.This study tries to suggest creative solutions that support human welfare and biodiversity while simultaneously resolving social problems by adopting NBS.An online survey using convenience and snowball sampling was conducted to assess the openness of Phnom Penh residents to adopting NBS for flood mitigation in their homes or buildings.The survey investigated perceptions of NBS effectiveness based on previous knowledge and flood risk perception.Results revealed a strong correlation between perceived efficacy and willingness to adopt NBS.Specifically,flood risk perception and prior knowledge significantly influenced the perceived effectiveness of NBS.Key findings indicate that high installation and maintenance costs,lack of awareness,limited space,cultural factors,and perceived ineffectiveness are primary barriers to NBS adoption.Additionally,specific regional factors contribute to reluctance in certain areas of Phnom Penh.To overcome these barriers,the study recommends that the Cambodian government and other stakeholders invest in public education campaigns to raise awareness about the benefits of NBS.Financial incentives and subsidies should be provided to reduce the economic burden on residents.Furthermore,integrating NBS into urban planning and infrastructure development is crucial to enhance community resilience against floods.展开更多
Climate change has become a pressing concern,with an alarming increase in flooding events posing significant risks to residential areas worldwide.As land and infrastructure development rapidly evolve,it is crucial to ...Climate change has become a pressing concern,with an alarming increase in flooding events posing significant risks to residential areas worldwide.As land and infrastructure development rapidly evolve,it is crucial to systematically analyze the bibliometric patterns and methodological trends in flood mitigation research,with a specific focus on residential building flood mitigation.This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the bibliometric patterns and methodological trends in flood mitigation research over the past two decades,identifies prevailing gaps,and proposes future research directions to enhance the effectiveness of flood miti-gation strategies.Using data from the Scopus database,441 publications were objectively selected and subjected to metadata analysis.The study identifies top authors,contributing institutions,nations,and the distribution of contributions across different fields and methodologies.The findings emphasize the need for an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to flood reduction research,considering the complex interplay of social,ecological,and physical dimensions in flood risk management.The study reveals the predominance of modeling and simulation approaches,geographic information systems(GIS)remote sensing approaches,and statistical and data-driven approaches as the most widely employed methodologies.Furthermore,it highlights the growing diversity of approaches,with increasing interest in machine learning algorithms and combined methods.Also,this study provides valuable recommendations for future research,emphasizing the importance of developing effective floodmitigating strategies to enhance community resilience.It advocates for a multidisciplinary and integrated approach,leveraging geospatial technologies,machine learming algorithms,and collaborative meth-odologies to advance flood mitigation research and practice.Future research should consider exploring addi-tional databases,including Web of Science,EBSCO,IEEE,and Google Scholar,to conduct a more comprehensive review of the available literature.There is need for future studies to conduct in-depth comparative analyses of flood mitigation methodologies,particularly in the context of residential buildings.展开更多
The possible mitigation of floods by dams and the risk to dams from floods are key problems. The People's Republic of China is now leading world dam construction with great success and efficiency. This paper is de...The possible mitigation of floods by dams and the risk to dams from floods are key problems. The People's Republic of China is now leading world dam construction with great success and efficiency. This paper is devoted to relevant experiences from other countries, with a particular focus on lessons from accidents over the past two centuries and on new solutions. Accidents from floods are analyzed according to the dam's height, storage, dam material, and spillway data. Most of the huge accidents that have been reported occurred for embankments storing over 10 hm3. New solutions appear promising for both dam safety and flood mitigation.展开更多
The Kolong,a significant distributary of the mighty river Brahmaputra in Assam,India,has experienced significant human-induced alterations aimed basically for flood mitigation.This study investigates the socio-ecologi...The Kolong,a significant distributary of the mighty river Brahmaputra in Assam,India,has experienced significant human-induced alterations aimed basically for flood mitigation.This study investigates the socio-ecological impacts of the course change of the Kolong River done by the local people of Kahargaon village in Nagaon district of Assam,India.Employing a mixed-methods approach,the research integrates field observations,stakeholder interviews,community forums,and secondary data analysis to assess the river's dynamics and its effects on local livelihoods and ecosystems.The findings reveal that while flood mitigation efforts have provided immediate relief,they have also led to ecological degradation and disrupted traditional livelihoods,particularly those dependent on the river's natural flow.The left-out channel,once rich in biodiversity,now suffers from reduced water levels and a diminished riverine ecological niche,compelling communities to adapt through alternative agricultural practices and grazing.This study emphasizes the need for integrated management strategies that balance flood control with ecological preservation and livelihood sustainability.Thus,the study promotes community-based conservation initiatives,restoring natural flow patterns,and developing adaptive livelihood strategies.The insights gained so far contribute to the broader understanding of human–river interactions and offer valuable lessons for sustainable river management in similar contexts globally.展开更多
Climate change is confronting cities across the globe,resulting in extreme weather conditions:floods,droughts,forest fires,and hurricanes.These natural hazards have become so severe that it is increasingly difficult t...Climate change is confronting cities across the globe,resulting in extreme weather conditions:floods,droughts,forest fires,and hurricanes.These natural hazards have become so severe that it is increasingly difficult to manage them.Urbanization,which has marginalized nature and water over time,has exacerbated these conditions.By replacing natural features with hardscape,cities are less adaptive to environmental fluctuations,and climate-related hazards are intensified,through heat island effect for example.Streets,squares,and parts of the city are inundated by water.The need to give space to water and nature in the city is more urgent than ever.The essential relationship between water and humans gave birth to our cities.This relationship has evolved across time and geography,and our current climate and ecological crises are calling us to take the next step in this evolution.Improving natural systems within the city,including a holistic approach for rivers,waterways,and green corridors,will improve resilience to flash floods and drought,contribute to heat mitigation,and improve urban living conditions.It will create possibilities for new economic,environmental,community,and social developments.A contemporary and healthy relationship between humanity and nature requires creating a basic,sustainable,spatial framework that upgrades and connects larger green and water(blue)structures.These blue-green structures should also be linked within the city and within its neighborhoods.The new mechanism to balance water in the city will be an integrated system,what we call the“urban water machine”.By integrating our natural and man-made water systems with each other,and with green spaces in and around the urban environment,we can regenerate the“urban water machine”and use it as the basis for a truly holistic approach to spatial planning.To shape our contemporary relationship with water,it is important to develop both innovative design tools and spatial typologies.A design approach based on the“urban water machine”provides climate adaptive solutions with nature-based design tools within the green landscape framework combined with blue-green design tools in public spaces.Such a holistic approach will help to care for the city as a whole,making them more beautiful,vibrant,and resilient.展开更多
The Haihe River Basin has experienced frequent floods from extreme rainfall in recent decades,with a catastrophic event striking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in July 2023.From July 29 to August 1,Liucun Town recor...The Haihe River Basin has experienced frequent floods from extreme rainfall in recent decades,with a catastrophic event striking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in July 2023.From July 29 to August 1,Liucun Town recorded 473.6 mm of rainfall,while the Wangjiayuan Reservoir station observed 744.8 mm,the highest in Beijing.This study examines the impacts of this flood in Shisanling Town,upstream of the Shisanling Reservoir,using a new-generation distributed hydrological model with calibrated parameters.Based on the“7·29”rainfall event,we simulated flood processes and assessed impacts on population and infrastructure,as well as reservoir discharge scenarios.Results indicate that under the“7·29”rainfall,Shisanling Town’s inundated area could reach 6.2 km^(2),affecting 38 villages(excluding Yuling),with Beixin Village the most severely impacted(1.6 km^(2)submerged).Approximately 2,935 people,458 houses,239.5 ha of orchards,and 105.4 ha of farmland would be affected.The flood peak,with an inflow of 1,627 m^(3)/s and river depth of 7.2 m,would reach the reservoir within 48 h.Once the water level exceeds 93 m,a discharge of 80.05 million m^(3)is required.At the observed release rate of 30 m^(3)/s,drainage would take 31 days.A full discharge downstream would inundate~218 km^(2)across nine towns,affecting~650,000 people,76,000 houses,100+road segments,23,300 ha of farmland,10 parks,and 16 schools.This study provides critical insights for flood prevention,reservoir management,and emergency evacuation planning in small watersheds under extreme rainfall conditions.展开更多
Urban roads can be designated as surface flood passages to transport excess runoff during extreme storms, thereby preventing local flooding, which is known as the major drainage system. However, this practice poses si...Urban roads can be designated as surface flood passages to transport excess runoff during extreme storms, thereby preventing local flooding, which is known as the major drainage system. However, this practice poses significant risks, including human loss and property damage, due to the high flow rate and velocity carried by roads. Moreover, urban roads with low flood-resilience may significantly hamper the transportation function during severe storms, leading to dysfunction of the city. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform risk-oriented flood passages into resilient urban road-based flood passages. This paper presents a systematic review of existing methodologies in designing a road network-based flood passage system, along with the discussion of new technologies to enhance system resilience. The study also addresses current knowledge gaps and future directions. The results indicate that flood management measures based on the urban road network should integrate accessibility assessment, lifeline and emergency planning to ensure human well-being outcomes. Furthermore, the special needs and features of vulnerable groups must be taken into serious consideration during the planning stage. In addition, a data-driven approach is recommended to facilitate real-time management and evaluate future works.展开更多
Local actors appear as inseparable components of the integrated flood risk mitigation strategy in Vietnam.Recognizing this fact,this study examined the long-term improvement in precautions taken by commune authorities...Local actors appear as inseparable components of the integrated flood risk mitigation strategy in Vietnam.Recognizing this fact,this study examined the long-term improvement in precautions taken by commune authorities and households between two major floods in 1999 and 2017 by applying both quantitative and qualitative methods.Two flood-prone villages were selected for a survey;one in a rural area and the other in a suburban area of Thua Thien Hue Province,central Vietnam.The findings indicate that most villagers doubted the structural works’efficacy and were dissatisfied with the current efforts of local authorities.Households’self-preparation thus became the decisive factor in mitigating risk.While most households have paid greater attention to flood precautions in 2017,others seem to be lagging.Poverty-related barriers were the root causes restraining households in both rural and suburban villages.The suburban riverine residents were further identified as vulnerable by their limitations in upgrading structural measures,which was ascribed to the inconsistency in the ancient town’s preservation policy.This multidimensional comparison,in terms of vulnerability,emphasized the importance of space-function links in the suburb and the contradictions of different policy initiatives,such as landscape rehabilitation,disaster prevention,and livelihood maintenance.展开更多
Management and conservation efforts that support the recovery and protection of large rivers are daunting,reflecting the complexity of the challenge and extent of effort(in terms of policy,economic investment,and spat...Management and conservation efforts that support the recovery and protection of large rivers are daunting,reflecting the complexity of the challenge and extent of effort(in terms of policy,economic investment,and spatial extent)needed to afford measurable change.These large systems have generally experienced intensive development and regulation,compromising their capacity to respond to disturbances such as climate change orwildfire.Functionally,large river and basin management require insights gained from social,ecological,geophysical,and hydrological sciences.This multidisciplinary perspective can unveil the integrated relationship between a river network's biotic community and seasonally variableenvironmental conditions that are ofteninfluencedbyhumanactivities.Large rivers andtheir basins are constantly changing due to anthropogenic influences and as climate modifies patterns of temperature and precipitation.Because of these factors,the state of knowledge must advance to address changing conditions.The Willamette River,in western Oregon,USA,is a prime example of a basin that has experienced significant degradation and investment in rehabilitation in recent decades.Innovative science has facilitated development of fine-scale,spatially extensive datasets and models that can generate targeted conservation and rehabilitation actions that are prioritized across the entire river network.This prioritization allows investment decisions to be driven by site-specific conditions while simultaneously considering potentials for ecological improvement.Here,we review hydrologic,geomorphic,ecologic,and social conditions in the Willamette River basin through time—including pre-settlement,river development,andcontemporary periods—andoffer a futurevisionfor consideration.Currently,detailed informationaboutfish populations and habitat,hydrologic conditions,geomorphology,water quality,and land use can be leveraged to make informed decisions about protection,rehabilitation,and development.The time is ripe for strategic management and goal development for the entireWillamette River,and these efforts can be informed by comprehensive science realized through established institutions(e.g.,public agencies,non-profitwatershed groups,Tribes,and universities)focusedon conservation and management.The approaches to science and social-network creation that were pioneered in the Willamette River basin offer insights into thedevelopment of comprehensive conservation-based planning that could be implemented in other large river systems globally.展开更多
文摘Nature-based solutions(NBS)involve the sustainable maintenance,management,and restoration of natural or modified ecosystems.Flooding is a major problem in Phnom Penh,Cambodia,and has significant social and economic ramifications.This study tries to suggest creative solutions that support human welfare and biodiversity while simultaneously resolving social problems by adopting NBS.An online survey using convenience and snowball sampling was conducted to assess the openness of Phnom Penh residents to adopting NBS for flood mitigation in their homes or buildings.The survey investigated perceptions of NBS effectiveness based on previous knowledge and flood risk perception.Results revealed a strong correlation between perceived efficacy and willingness to adopt NBS.Specifically,flood risk perception and prior knowledge significantly influenced the perceived effectiveness of NBS.Key findings indicate that high installation and maintenance costs,lack of awareness,limited space,cultural factors,and perceived ineffectiveness are primary barriers to NBS adoption.Additionally,specific regional factors contribute to reluctance in certain areas of Phnom Penh.To overcome these barriers,the study recommends that the Cambodian government and other stakeholders invest in public education campaigns to raise awareness about the benefits of NBS.Financial incentives and subsidies should be provided to reduce the economic burden on residents.Furthermore,integrating NBS into urban planning and infrastructure development is crucial to enhance community resilience against floods.
基金funded by the Faculty of Design and Creative Technology Constable Research Fund at Auckland University of Technology(AUT),Auckland,New Zealand.
文摘Climate change has become a pressing concern,with an alarming increase in flooding events posing significant risks to residential areas worldwide.As land and infrastructure development rapidly evolve,it is crucial to systematically analyze the bibliometric patterns and methodological trends in flood mitigation research,with a specific focus on residential building flood mitigation.This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the bibliometric patterns and methodological trends in flood mitigation research over the past two decades,identifies prevailing gaps,and proposes future research directions to enhance the effectiveness of flood miti-gation strategies.Using data from the Scopus database,441 publications were objectively selected and subjected to metadata analysis.The study identifies top authors,contributing institutions,nations,and the distribution of contributions across different fields and methodologies.The findings emphasize the need for an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to flood reduction research,considering the complex interplay of social,ecological,and physical dimensions in flood risk management.The study reveals the predominance of modeling and simulation approaches,geographic information systems(GIS)remote sensing approaches,and statistical and data-driven approaches as the most widely employed methodologies.Furthermore,it highlights the growing diversity of approaches,with increasing interest in machine learning algorithms and combined methods.Also,this study provides valuable recommendations for future research,emphasizing the importance of developing effective floodmitigating strategies to enhance community resilience.It advocates for a multidisciplinary and integrated approach,leveraging geospatial technologies,machine learming algorithms,and collaborative meth-odologies to advance flood mitigation research and practice.Future research should consider exploring addi-tional databases,including Web of Science,EBSCO,IEEE,and Google Scholar,to conduct a more comprehensive review of the available literature.There is need for future studies to conduct in-depth comparative analyses of flood mitigation methodologies,particularly in the context of residential buildings.
文摘The possible mitigation of floods by dams and the risk to dams from floods are key problems. The People's Republic of China is now leading world dam construction with great success and efficiency. This paper is devoted to relevant experiences from other countries, with a particular focus on lessons from accidents over the past two centuries and on new solutions. Accidents from floods are analyzed according to the dam's height, storage, dam material, and spillway data. Most of the huge accidents that have been reported occurred for embankments storing over 10 hm3. New solutions appear promising for both dam safety and flood mitigation.
文摘The Kolong,a significant distributary of the mighty river Brahmaputra in Assam,India,has experienced significant human-induced alterations aimed basically for flood mitigation.This study investigates the socio-ecological impacts of the course change of the Kolong River done by the local people of Kahargaon village in Nagaon district of Assam,India.Employing a mixed-methods approach,the research integrates field observations,stakeholder interviews,community forums,and secondary data analysis to assess the river's dynamics and its effects on local livelihoods and ecosystems.The findings reveal that while flood mitigation efforts have provided immediate relief,they have also led to ecological degradation and disrupted traditional livelihoods,particularly those dependent on the river's natural flow.The left-out channel,once rich in biodiversity,now suffers from reduced water levels and a diminished riverine ecological niche,compelling communities to adapt through alternative agricultural practices and grazing.This study emphasizes the need for integrated management strategies that balance flood control with ecological preservation and livelihood sustainability.Thus,the study promotes community-based conservation initiatives,restoring natural flow patterns,and developing adaptive livelihood strategies.The insights gained so far contribute to the broader understanding of human–river interactions and offer valuable lessons for sustainable river management in similar contexts globally.
文摘Climate change is confronting cities across the globe,resulting in extreme weather conditions:floods,droughts,forest fires,and hurricanes.These natural hazards have become so severe that it is increasingly difficult to manage them.Urbanization,which has marginalized nature and water over time,has exacerbated these conditions.By replacing natural features with hardscape,cities are less adaptive to environmental fluctuations,and climate-related hazards are intensified,through heat island effect for example.Streets,squares,and parts of the city are inundated by water.The need to give space to water and nature in the city is more urgent than ever.The essential relationship between water and humans gave birth to our cities.This relationship has evolved across time and geography,and our current climate and ecological crises are calling us to take the next step in this evolution.Improving natural systems within the city,including a holistic approach for rivers,waterways,and green corridors,will improve resilience to flash floods and drought,contribute to heat mitigation,and improve urban living conditions.It will create possibilities for new economic,environmental,community,and social developments.A contemporary and healthy relationship between humanity and nature requires creating a basic,sustainable,spatial framework that upgrades and connects larger green and water(blue)structures.These blue-green structures should also be linked within the city and within its neighborhoods.The new mechanism to balance water in the city will be an integrated system,what we call the“urban water machine”.By integrating our natural and man-made water systems with each other,and with green spaces in and around the urban environment,we can regenerate the“urban water machine”and use it as the basis for a truly holistic approach to spatial planning.To shape our contemporary relationship with water,it is important to develop both innovative design tools and spatial typologies.A design approach based on the“urban water machine”provides climate adaptive solutions with nature-based design tools within the green landscape framework combined with blue-green design tools in public spaces.Such a holistic approach will help to care for the city as a whole,making them more beautiful,vibrant,and resilient.
基金This research was funded by the Project of Research on Quantitative Assessment and Monitoring and Early Warning Technology for Flood Disaster Risks under the National Key Research and Development Program(Sub-project Number:2021YFB3901203-2).
文摘The Haihe River Basin has experienced frequent floods from extreme rainfall in recent decades,with a catastrophic event striking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in July 2023.From July 29 to August 1,Liucun Town recorded 473.6 mm of rainfall,while the Wangjiayuan Reservoir station observed 744.8 mm,the highest in Beijing.This study examines the impacts of this flood in Shisanling Town,upstream of the Shisanling Reservoir,using a new-generation distributed hydrological model with calibrated parameters.Based on the“7·29”rainfall event,we simulated flood processes and assessed impacts on population and infrastructure,as well as reservoir discharge scenarios.Results indicate that under the“7·29”rainfall,Shisanling Town’s inundated area could reach 6.2 km^(2),affecting 38 villages(excluding Yuling),with Beixin Village the most severely impacted(1.6 km^(2)submerged).Approximately 2,935 people,458 houses,239.5 ha of orchards,and 105.4 ha of farmland would be affected.The flood peak,with an inflow of 1,627 m^(3)/s and river depth of 7.2 m,would reach the reservoir within 48 h.Once the water level exceeds 93 m,a discharge of 80.05 million m^(3)is required.At the observed release rate of 30 m^(3)/s,drainage would take 31 days.A full discharge downstream would inundate~218 km^(2)across nine towns,affecting~650,000 people,76,000 houses,100+road segments,23,300 ha of farmland,10 parks,and 16 schools.This study provides critical insights for flood prevention,reservoir management,and emergency evacuation planning in small watersheds under extreme rainfall conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)General Program(Grant No.52270087).
文摘Urban roads can be designated as surface flood passages to transport excess runoff during extreme storms, thereby preventing local flooding, which is known as the major drainage system. However, this practice poses significant risks, including human loss and property damage, due to the high flow rate and velocity carried by roads. Moreover, urban roads with low flood-resilience may significantly hamper the transportation function during severe storms, leading to dysfunction of the city. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform risk-oriented flood passages into resilient urban road-based flood passages. This paper presents a systematic review of existing methodologies in designing a road network-based flood passage system, along with the discussion of new technologies to enhance system resilience. The study also addresses current knowledge gaps and future directions. The results indicate that flood management measures based on the urban road network should integrate accessibility assessment, lifeline and emergency planning to ensure human well-being outcomes. Furthermore, the special needs and features of vulnerable groups must be taken into serious consideration during the planning stage. In addition, a data-driven approach is recommended to facilitate real-time management and evaluate future works.
基金financially supported by the Vietnamese government and Okayama University,Japan.Besides
文摘Local actors appear as inseparable components of the integrated flood risk mitigation strategy in Vietnam.Recognizing this fact,this study examined the long-term improvement in precautions taken by commune authorities and households between two major floods in 1999 and 2017 by applying both quantitative and qualitative methods.Two flood-prone villages were selected for a survey;one in a rural area and the other in a suburban area of Thua Thien Hue Province,central Vietnam.The findings indicate that most villagers doubted the structural works’efficacy and were dissatisfied with the current efforts of local authorities.Households’self-preparation thus became the decisive factor in mitigating risk.While most households have paid greater attention to flood precautions in 2017,others seem to be lagging.Poverty-related barriers were the root causes restraining households in both rural and suburban villages.The suburban riverine residents were further identified as vulnerable by their limitations in upgrading structural measures,which was ascribed to the inconsistency in the ancient town’s preservation policy.This multidimensional comparison,in terms of vulnerability,emphasized the importance of space-function links in the suburb and the contradictions of different policy initiatives,such as landscape rehabilitation,disaster prevention,and livelihood maintenance.
文摘Management and conservation efforts that support the recovery and protection of large rivers are daunting,reflecting the complexity of the challenge and extent of effort(in terms of policy,economic investment,and spatial extent)needed to afford measurable change.These large systems have generally experienced intensive development and regulation,compromising their capacity to respond to disturbances such as climate change orwildfire.Functionally,large river and basin management require insights gained from social,ecological,geophysical,and hydrological sciences.This multidisciplinary perspective can unveil the integrated relationship between a river network's biotic community and seasonally variableenvironmental conditions that are ofteninfluencedbyhumanactivities.Large rivers andtheir basins are constantly changing due to anthropogenic influences and as climate modifies patterns of temperature and precipitation.Because of these factors,the state of knowledge must advance to address changing conditions.The Willamette River,in western Oregon,USA,is a prime example of a basin that has experienced significant degradation and investment in rehabilitation in recent decades.Innovative science has facilitated development of fine-scale,spatially extensive datasets and models that can generate targeted conservation and rehabilitation actions that are prioritized across the entire river network.This prioritization allows investment decisions to be driven by site-specific conditions while simultaneously considering potentials for ecological improvement.Here,we review hydrologic,geomorphic,ecologic,and social conditions in the Willamette River basin through time—including pre-settlement,river development,andcontemporary periods—andoffer a futurevisionfor consideration.Currently,detailed informationaboutfish populations and habitat,hydrologic conditions,geomorphology,water quality,and land use can be leveraged to make informed decisions about protection,rehabilitation,and development.The time is ripe for strategic management and goal development for the entireWillamette River,and these efforts can be informed by comprehensive science realized through established institutions(e.g.,public agencies,non-profitwatershed groups,Tribes,and universities)focusedon conservation and management.The approaches to science and social-network creation that were pioneered in the Willamette River basin offer insights into thedevelopment of comprehensive conservation-based planning that could be implemented in other large river systems globally.
