After many years of exploitation,onshore oil and gas resources are about to enter a recession period.Oil and gas will mainly come from oceans in the future.Generally speaking,the exploration and production(E&P)cos...After many years of exploitation,onshore oil and gas resources are about to enter a recession period.Oil and gas will mainly come from oceans in the future.Generally speaking,the exploration and production(E&P)cost of oil from offshore is much higher than that of oil from onshore,so it is more sensitive to oil price.However,in recent years,oil price has been hovering at a low level for a long time,almost close to or even lower than the E&P cost of oil,which directly affects the development of oilfields.Besides the influence of oil price,some oilfields present the characteristics of marginal reserve scale,short peak production period and output rapidly declining.There leads to short economic life period and makes the economic benefit close to or lower than oilfield’s hurdle rate,which increases the difficulty of offshore oilfield development.As an important part of oilfield development,Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit,its investment mode and rent mode directly affect overall oilfield’s rate of return and the economic life.This paper chooses lease mode as the research object based on the analysis of investment mode,and further puts forward rent mode related with oil price through the analysis of traditional rent mode,and illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of various rent modes and their applicability so that the lessor chooses the right mode to achieve Win-Win with Oil Company and promotes the development of oilfields under low oil price.展开更多
The procedure of assessment of structural fatigue strength of an offshore floating production and storage and offloading unit (FPSO) in this paper. The emphasis is placed on the long-term prediction of wave induced lo...The procedure of assessment of structural fatigue strength of an offshore floating production and storage and offloading unit (FPSO) in this paper. The emphasis is placed on the long-term prediction of wave induced loading, the refined finite element model for hot spot stress calculation, the combination of stress components, and fatigue damage assessment based on S-N curve.展开更多
The internal turret mooring system for oil production storage vessels is a developing type ofoffshore floating production system suitable for deep water and harsh environmental application. In this paper, some achieve...The internal turret mooring system for oil production storage vessels is a developing type ofoffshore floating production system suitable for deep water and harsh environmental application. In this paper, some achievements in our research work are presented. The description includes: dynamic analysis of mooring system, research on performance of turret assembly, influence of vessel dimensions and hull forms on mooring performance, model tests under combined action of environmental forces in basin, and hull structural strength analysis.展开更多
以设计的多型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)为基础,介绍目前主流内转塔FPSO设计理念和界面形式,分析对比不同内转塔式单点系泊系统载荷传递理念。对典型的内转塔FPSO系泊系统加强设计进行对比分...以设计的多型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)为基础,介绍目前主流内转塔FPSO设计理念和界面形式,分析对比不同内转塔式单点系泊系统载荷传递理念。对典型的内转塔FPSO系泊系统加强设计进行对比分析,给出不同内转塔FPSO系泊系统加强结构设计重点。对比主流船级社对系泊系统强度和疲劳设计的要求,阐述结构强度分析和疲劳分析的基本流程和关注重点。结果表明:不同内转塔系统的界面形式、载荷形式和加强结构形式各不相同;加强结构强度评估应特别注意扭矩影响;加强结构疲劳评估应考虑波频载荷和低频载荷的影响。展开更多
针对南海单点系泊浮式生产储卸油装置(floating production storage and offloading,FPSO),利用水动力分析软件ANSYS AQWA,基于三维势流理论建立其时域耦合分析模型,计算FPSO在正常作业和极端海况下的运动响应及系泊缆张力,分析其在不...针对南海单点系泊浮式生产储卸油装置(floating production storage and offloading,FPSO),利用水动力分析软件ANSYS AQWA,基于三维势流理论建立其时域耦合分析模型,计算FPSO在正常作业和极端海况下的运动响应及系泊缆张力,分析其在不同单缆和双缆组合失效条件下系统的刚度大小、船体运动响应和系泊缆张力,并对系泊系统的安全性能进行量化评估。结果表明:双缆失效对系泊系统纵荡和横荡刚度的降低更加显著,其中船艉同组双缆失效导致系泊纵荡刚度降至最小,舷侧同组双缆系泊失效则使横荡刚度降至最小,两种工况下船体纵荡与横荡更加剧烈,正常作业工况最大纵荡与横荡距离可达25 m和40 m;在十年一遇风浪条件下,单缆断裂后剩余缆绳张力仍可满足安全要求,但同组双缆断裂后,剩余系泊缆张力接近缆绳破断张力,失效风险显著增加;在百年一遇风浪条件下,单缆断裂时满足瞬态破损工况的安全标准,而双缆失效会引发剩余缆绳发生连续破断,最终导致FPSO完全失控。展开更多
以带运动抑制结构的圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Cylindrical Floating Production Storage and Offloading,CFPSO)为研究对象,在低速风洞中对CFPSO流载荷进行测量。为获得均匀流并减少边界层的影响,采用距离地面一定高度的小地板。热线...以带运动抑制结构的圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Cylindrical Floating Production Storage and Offloading,CFPSO)为研究对象,在低速风洞中对CFPSO流载荷进行测量。为获得均匀流并减少边界层的影响,采用距离地面一定高度的小地板。热线测量结果表明,采用小地板能够获得更均匀的流剖面。通过风洞试验对4种不同型式的运动抑制结构流载荷进行测量,进一步采用数值模拟方法对不同型式运动抑制结构的尾流场进行分析。结果表明:运动抑制结构通过对尾涡的限制,减少能量损耗,实现减阻效果。研究结果可为运动抑制结构的设计提供一定的参考。展开更多
针对常年处于高温高腐蚀作业环境中的浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)的大型火炬塔,采用全尺度热喷铝涂层进行保护。介绍火炬塔的分片划分方法,从总装支撑布置、总装流程和注意事项等方面论述火...针对常年处于高温高腐蚀作业环境中的浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)的大型火炬塔,采用全尺度热喷铝涂层进行保护。介绍火炬塔的分片划分方法,从总装支撑布置、总装流程和注意事项等方面论述火炬塔总装,并归纳全尺度热喷铝涂层外场修补施工要求。所提出的建造工艺可大幅减少全尺度热喷铝涂层外场修补施工,有效提高环境经济效益。展开更多
对大舱强度试验期间大型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)新型登船梯的全周期使用问题进行研究。对常用登船梯进行对比,对大舱强度试验期间大型FPSO新型登船梯的使用约束因素进行深入分析,有针对...对大舱强度试验期间大型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)新型登船梯的全周期使用问题进行研究。对常用登船梯进行对比,对大舱强度试验期间大型FPSO新型登船梯的使用约束因素进行深入分析,有针对性地制定高效使用措施,并提出注意事项,为大型FPSO的按时交付提供技术保障。展开更多
1.Introduction As China’s first floating production platform in ultra-deepwater,the“Deep Sea No.1”energy station is a milestone in China’s deepwater resource utilization.The energy station is located in the LS17-2...1.Introduction As China’s first floating production platform in ultra-deepwater,the“Deep Sea No.1”energy station is a milestone in China’s deepwater resource utilization.The energy station is located in the LS17-2 gas field,150 km off the southeast coast of Hainan Island,China.It is a semi-submersible platform(Fig.1)with a displacement of 101 thousand tonnes and an operational draft of 35 to 40 m.The platform is permanently moored in 1422 m water by 16 chain-polyester-chain mooring lines in a 4×4 pattern,and six steel catenary risers(SCRs)are attached to the platform.It is the world’s first and only semi-submersible platform with the function of condensate storage,so it can be regarded as a floating production storage and offloading(FPSO)unit.With the ability to produce 3 billion m3 of natural gas each year(enough for over 10 million families),the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is a key step toward China’s energy independence.The LS17-2 gas field,where the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is located,was discovered in 2014.Plans for its development were made in 2015,followed by research and a preliminary design.Deep Sea No.1 went into operation on June 25,2021,and will operate onsite continuously without dry-docking for 30 years.展开更多
针对目前圆筒型浮式钻井生产储卸油装置(Floating Drilling Production Storage and Offloading,FDPSO)垂荡性能较差的问题,以某带延伸筒体和减动结构的圆筒型FDPSO为原型,基于钝体结构物黏性阻力理论,设计3种不同型式的减动结构(外台...针对目前圆筒型浮式钻井生产储卸油装置(Floating Drilling Production Storage and Offloading,FDPSO)垂荡性能较差的问题,以某带延伸筒体和减动结构的圆筒型FDPSO为原型,基于钝体结构物黏性阻力理论,设计3种不同型式的减动结构(外台阶、内台阶、凹台阶),对其垂荡衰减运动进行数值计算,得到3种结构的阻尼比。建立水动力分析模型,通过频域计算得到不同减动结构的垂荡固有周期、垂荡附加质量、运动响应幅值算子(Response Amplitude Operator,RAO)。在进行时域耦合分析时,结合我国南海百年一遇环境条件,采用合理的系泊系统,对4种结构进行六自由度运动响应分析,并对系泊系统进行安全校核。结果表明,凹台阶和内台阶减动结构可有效抑制平台垂荡运动。展开更多
圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)垂荡运动较大,易引发摇摆运动失稳,影响油气生产安全。针对圆筒型FPSO垂荡与纵摇间的强耦合关系,建立两自由度非线性耦合运动方程,基于摄动法推导方程的近...圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)垂荡运动较大,易引发摇摆运动失稳,影响油气生产安全。针对圆筒型FPSO垂荡与纵摇间的强耦合关系,建立两自由度非线性耦合运动方程,基于摄动法推导方程的近似解析解,研究涌浪作用下圆筒型FPSO垂荡-纵摇耦合运动响应及稳定性。结果表明:当涌浪周期远离圆筒型FPSO垂荡固有周期时,圆筒型FPSO具有良好的运动稳定性;在垂荡与纵摇固有周期接近1∶2关系的情况下,同时当长周期涌浪频率接近圆筒型FPSO垂荡固有频率时,圆筒型FPSO的垂荡和纵摇由线性强迫运动转变为1/2亚谐运动,垂荡位移幅值与波浪幅值呈非线性关系,纵摇出现较大运动响应;当圆筒型FPSO发生内共振运动时,增加垂荡阻尼可消耗垂荡共振时的能量,降低垂荡运动幅值,增加纵摇阻尼可降低纵摇运动幅值,但同时会增大引起垂荡能量向纵摇渗透所需的最小垂荡运动幅值,使波浪能量集中于垂荡模态,导致垂荡运动幅值增大。展开更多
圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)通常在主甲板与工艺甲板间采用挡浪墙结构,但在高海况下容易遭受强浪砰击。为了设计兼顾强度要求与重量控制的挡浪墙,以流花11-1油田二次开发项目采用的圆筒...圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)通常在主甲板与工艺甲板间采用挡浪墙结构,但在高海况下容易遭受强浪砰击。为了设计兼顾强度要求与重量控制的挡浪墙,以流花11-1油田二次开发项目采用的圆筒型FPSO为例,运用理论计算与有限元分析相互结合的方法,将局部计算模型体量设定为优化目标,把采用各异边界条件当作优化途径,提出一种可兼顾设计效率与计算精准性的外飘挡浪墙结构分析方法。明确以6 m×6 m的最小区域作为挡浪墙局部校核时砰击载荷的加载范围,并外延至相邻1档强肋位区间,以此作为模型的选定范围。该方案在现有工程实践中得到成功应用,亦可为类似结构设计工作提供有益借鉴。展开更多
对圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)系泊锚链的面外弯曲(Out-of-Plane Bending,OPB)问题进行深入分析,对OPB发生风险和可能导致的疲劳损伤进行详细计算。分析结果显示,圆筒型FPSO系泊系统存...对圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)系泊锚链的面外弯曲(Out-of-Plane Bending,OPB)问题进行深入分析,对OPB发生风险和可能导致的疲劳损伤进行详细计算。分析结果显示,圆筒型FPSO系泊系统存在OPB影响,第一个自由链环是整个系泊系统中最关键和脆弱的环节。计算结果表明,系泊锚链的疲劳寿命为43.7 a,满足系泊系统的可靠性需求。研究提出的评估方法可为后续类似工程提供参考,对提高FPSO的可靠性与安全性具有参考意义。展开更多
南海奋进号浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)执行国内首次跨区域移位再利用,需要对可解脱式内转塔单点系泊系统进行利旧改造和设计校核。以可解脱式内转塔单点浮筒吊装框架为研究对象,以极限状态...南海奋进号浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)执行国内首次跨区域移位再利用,需要对可解脱式内转塔单点系泊系统进行利旧改造和设计校核。以可解脱式内转塔单点浮筒吊装框架为研究对象,以极限状态方法为校核准则,进行相关工况分析。对比分析实体单元、梁单元和梁连接等3种螺栓模型,并建立有限元分析模型,分析吊装结构强度。研究结果表明:梁连接螺栓模型在吊装框架分析中适用性好;吊装框架整体结构强度满足设计要求。所建立的分析方法可为可解脱式内转塔单点浮筒吊装框架设计提供参考。展开更多
文摘After many years of exploitation,onshore oil and gas resources are about to enter a recession period.Oil and gas will mainly come from oceans in the future.Generally speaking,the exploration and production(E&P)cost of oil from offshore is much higher than that of oil from onshore,so it is more sensitive to oil price.However,in recent years,oil price has been hovering at a low level for a long time,almost close to or even lower than the E&P cost of oil,which directly affects the development of oilfields.Besides the influence of oil price,some oilfields present the characteristics of marginal reserve scale,short peak production period and output rapidly declining.There leads to short economic life period and makes the economic benefit close to or lower than oilfield’s hurdle rate,which increases the difficulty of offshore oilfield development.As an important part of oilfield development,Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit,its investment mode and rent mode directly affect overall oilfield’s rate of return and the economic life.This paper chooses lease mode as the research object based on the analysis of investment mode,and further puts forward rent mode related with oil price through the analysis of traditional rent mode,and illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of various rent modes and their applicability so that the lessor chooses the right mode to achieve Win-Win with Oil Company and promotes the development of oilfields under low oil price.
文摘The procedure of assessment of structural fatigue strength of an offshore floating production and storage and offloading unit (FPSO) in this paper. The emphasis is placed on the long-term prediction of wave induced loading, the refined finite element model for hot spot stress calculation, the combination of stress components, and fatigue damage assessment based on S-N curve.
基金Project supported by special scientific research foundation for doctoral subjects
文摘The internal turret mooring system for oil production storage vessels is a developing type ofoffshore floating production system suitable for deep water and harsh environmental application. In this paper, some achievements in our research work are presented. The description includes: dynamic analysis of mooring system, research on performance of turret assembly, influence of vessel dimensions and hull forms on mooring performance, model tests under combined action of environmental forces in basin, and hull structural strength analysis.
文摘以设计的多型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)为基础,介绍目前主流内转塔FPSO设计理念和界面形式,分析对比不同内转塔式单点系泊系统载荷传递理念。对典型的内转塔FPSO系泊系统加强设计进行对比分析,给出不同内转塔FPSO系泊系统加强结构设计重点。对比主流船级社对系泊系统强度和疲劳设计的要求,阐述结构强度分析和疲劳分析的基本流程和关注重点。结果表明:不同内转塔系统的界面形式、载荷形式和加强结构形式各不相同;加强结构强度评估应特别注意扭矩影响;加强结构疲劳评估应考虑波频载荷和低频载荷的影响。
文摘针对南海单点系泊浮式生产储卸油装置(floating production storage and offloading,FPSO),利用水动力分析软件ANSYS AQWA,基于三维势流理论建立其时域耦合分析模型,计算FPSO在正常作业和极端海况下的运动响应及系泊缆张力,分析其在不同单缆和双缆组合失效条件下系统的刚度大小、船体运动响应和系泊缆张力,并对系泊系统的安全性能进行量化评估。结果表明:双缆失效对系泊系统纵荡和横荡刚度的降低更加显著,其中船艉同组双缆失效导致系泊纵荡刚度降至最小,舷侧同组双缆系泊失效则使横荡刚度降至最小,两种工况下船体纵荡与横荡更加剧烈,正常作业工况最大纵荡与横荡距离可达25 m和40 m;在十年一遇风浪条件下,单缆断裂后剩余缆绳张力仍可满足安全要求,但同组双缆断裂后,剩余系泊缆张力接近缆绳破断张力,失效风险显著增加;在百年一遇风浪条件下,单缆断裂时满足瞬态破损工况的安全标准,而双缆失效会引发剩余缆绳发生连续破断,最终导致FPSO完全失控。
文摘以带运动抑制结构的圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Cylindrical Floating Production Storage and Offloading,CFPSO)为研究对象,在低速风洞中对CFPSO流载荷进行测量。为获得均匀流并减少边界层的影响,采用距离地面一定高度的小地板。热线测量结果表明,采用小地板能够获得更均匀的流剖面。通过风洞试验对4种不同型式的运动抑制结构流载荷进行测量,进一步采用数值模拟方法对不同型式运动抑制结构的尾流场进行分析。结果表明:运动抑制结构通过对尾涡的限制,减少能量损耗,实现减阻效果。研究结果可为运动抑制结构的设计提供一定的参考。
文摘针对常年处于高温高腐蚀作业环境中的浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)的大型火炬塔,采用全尺度热喷铝涂层进行保护。介绍火炬塔的分片划分方法,从总装支撑布置、总装流程和注意事项等方面论述火炬塔总装,并归纳全尺度热喷铝涂层外场修补施工要求。所提出的建造工艺可大幅减少全尺度热喷铝涂层外场修补施工,有效提高环境经济效益。
文摘对大舱强度试验期间大型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)新型登船梯的全周期使用问题进行研究。对常用登船梯进行对比,对大舱强度试验期间大型FPSO新型登船梯的使用约束因素进行深入分析,有针对性地制定高效使用措施,并提出注意事项,为大型FPSO的按时交付提供技术保障。
文摘1.Introduction As China’s first floating production platform in ultra-deepwater,the“Deep Sea No.1”energy station is a milestone in China’s deepwater resource utilization.The energy station is located in the LS17-2 gas field,150 km off the southeast coast of Hainan Island,China.It is a semi-submersible platform(Fig.1)with a displacement of 101 thousand tonnes and an operational draft of 35 to 40 m.The platform is permanently moored in 1422 m water by 16 chain-polyester-chain mooring lines in a 4×4 pattern,and six steel catenary risers(SCRs)are attached to the platform.It is the world’s first and only semi-submersible platform with the function of condensate storage,so it can be regarded as a floating production storage and offloading(FPSO)unit.With the ability to produce 3 billion m3 of natural gas each year(enough for over 10 million families),the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is a key step toward China’s energy independence.The LS17-2 gas field,where the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is located,was discovered in 2014.Plans for its development were made in 2015,followed by research and a preliminary design.Deep Sea No.1 went into operation on June 25,2021,and will operate onsite continuously without dry-docking for 30 years.
文摘针对目前圆筒型浮式钻井生产储卸油装置(Floating Drilling Production Storage and Offloading,FDPSO)垂荡性能较差的问题,以某带延伸筒体和减动结构的圆筒型FDPSO为原型,基于钝体结构物黏性阻力理论,设计3种不同型式的减动结构(外台阶、内台阶、凹台阶),对其垂荡衰减运动进行数值计算,得到3种结构的阻尼比。建立水动力分析模型,通过频域计算得到不同减动结构的垂荡固有周期、垂荡附加质量、运动响应幅值算子(Response Amplitude Operator,RAO)。在进行时域耦合分析时,结合我国南海百年一遇环境条件,采用合理的系泊系统,对4种结构进行六自由度运动响应分析,并对系泊系统进行安全校核。结果表明,凹台阶和内台阶减动结构可有效抑制平台垂荡运动。
文摘圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)垂荡运动较大,易引发摇摆运动失稳,影响油气生产安全。针对圆筒型FPSO垂荡与纵摇间的强耦合关系,建立两自由度非线性耦合运动方程,基于摄动法推导方程的近似解析解,研究涌浪作用下圆筒型FPSO垂荡-纵摇耦合运动响应及稳定性。结果表明:当涌浪周期远离圆筒型FPSO垂荡固有周期时,圆筒型FPSO具有良好的运动稳定性;在垂荡与纵摇固有周期接近1∶2关系的情况下,同时当长周期涌浪频率接近圆筒型FPSO垂荡固有频率时,圆筒型FPSO的垂荡和纵摇由线性强迫运动转变为1/2亚谐运动,垂荡位移幅值与波浪幅值呈非线性关系,纵摇出现较大运动响应;当圆筒型FPSO发生内共振运动时,增加垂荡阻尼可消耗垂荡共振时的能量,降低垂荡运动幅值,增加纵摇阻尼可降低纵摇运动幅值,但同时会增大引起垂荡能量向纵摇渗透所需的最小垂荡运动幅值,使波浪能量集中于垂荡模态,导致垂荡运动幅值增大。
文摘圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)通常在主甲板与工艺甲板间采用挡浪墙结构,但在高海况下容易遭受强浪砰击。为了设计兼顾强度要求与重量控制的挡浪墙,以流花11-1油田二次开发项目采用的圆筒型FPSO为例,运用理论计算与有限元分析相互结合的方法,将局部计算模型体量设定为优化目标,把采用各异边界条件当作优化途径,提出一种可兼顾设计效率与计算精准性的外飘挡浪墙结构分析方法。明确以6 m×6 m的最小区域作为挡浪墙局部校核时砰击载荷的加载范围,并外延至相邻1档强肋位区间,以此作为模型的选定范围。该方案在现有工程实践中得到成功应用,亦可为类似结构设计工作提供有益借鉴。
文摘对圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)系泊锚链的面外弯曲(Out-of-Plane Bending,OPB)问题进行深入分析,对OPB发生风险和可能导致的疲劳损伤进行详细计算。分析结果显示,圆筒型FPSO系泊系统存在OPB影响,第一个自由链环是整个系泊系统中最关键和脆弱的环节。计算结果表明,系泊锚链的疲劳寿命为43.7 a,满足系泊系统的可靠性需求。研究提出的评估方法可为后续类似工程提供参考,对提高FPSO的可靠性与安全性具有参考意义。
文摘南海奋进号浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)执行国内首次跨区域移位再利用,需要对可解脱式内转塔单点系泊系统进行利旧改造和设计校核。以可解脱式内转塔单点浮筒吊装框架为研究对象,以极限状态方法为校核准则,进行相关工况分析。对比分析实体单元、梁单元和梁连接等3种螺栓模型,并建立有限元分析模型,分析吊装结构强度。研究结果表明:梁连接螺栓模型在吊装框架分析中适用性好;吊装框架整体结构强度满足设计要求。所建立的分析方法可为可解脱式内转塔单点浮筒吊装框架设计提供参考。
