Brain diseases affect millions of people and have a huge social and economic impact.The use of neural probes for studies in animals has been the main approach to increasing knowledge about neural network functioning.U...Brain diseases affect millions of people and have a huge social and economic impact.The use of neural probes for studies in animals has been the main approach to increasing knowledge about neural network functioning.Ultimately,neuroscientists are trying to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches to treating neurological disorders.The implementation of neural probes with multifunctionalities(electrical,optical,and fluidic interactions)has been increasing in the last few years,leading to the creation of devices with high temporal and spatial resolution.Increasing the applicability of,and elements integrated into,neural probes has also led to the necessity to create flexible interfaces,reducing neural tissue damage during probe implantation and increasing the quality of neural acquisition data.In this paper,we review the fabrication,characterization,and validation of several types of flexible neural probes,exploring the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices.Finally,future developments and applications are covered.Overall,this review aims to present the currently available flexible devices and future appropriate avenues for development as possible guidance for future engineered devices.展开更多
Flexible deep brain neural interfaces,as an important research direction in the field of neural engineering,have broad application prospects in areas such as neural signal detection,treatment of neurological diseases,...Flexible deep brain neural interfaces,as an important research direction in the field of neural engineering,have broad application prospects in areas such as neural signal detection,treatment of neurological diseases,and intelligent control systems.However,chronic inflammatory responses caused by longterm implantation and the resulting electrode failure seriously hinder the clinical development of this technology.This review systematically explores the long-term stability issues of flexible deep brain neural interfaces,with a focus on analyzing the synergistic optimization of electrode geometric morphology and implantation strategies in regulating inflammatory responses.Additionally,this paper delves into innovative strategies,such as passive enhancement of biocompatibility through electrode surface functionalization and active inhibition of inflammation through drug-controlled release systems,offering new technical paths to extend electrode lifespan.By integrating and reviewing existing innovative methods for deep brain flexible electrodes,this study provides an important theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the development of high-stability neural interface devices.展开更多
Printing of metal bottom back electrodes of flexible organic solar cells（FOSCs） at low temperature is of great significance to realize the full-solution fabrication technology. However, this has been difficult to ac...Printing of metal bottom back electrodes of flexible organic solar cells（FOSCs） at low temperature is of great significance to realize the full-solution fabrication technology. However, this has been difficult to achieve because often the interfacial properties of those printed electrodes, including conductivity, roughness, work function,optical and mechanical flexibility, cannot meet the device requirement at the same time. In this work, we fabricate printed Ag and Cu bottom back cathodes by a low-temperature solution technique named polymer-assisted metal deposition（PAMD） on flexible PET substrates. Branched polyethylenimine（PEI） and ZnO thin films are used as the interface modification layers（IMLs） of these cathodes. Detailed experimental studies on the electrical, mechanical, and morphological properties, and simulation study on the optical properties of these IMLs are carried out to understand and optimize the interface of printed cathodes. We demonstrate that the highest power conversion efficiency over 3.0% can be achieved from a full-solution processed OFSC with the device structure being PAMDAg/PEI/P3 HT：PC61BM/PH1000. This device also acquires remarkable stability upon repeating bending tests.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the CMEMS-UMinho Strategic Project(Nos.UIDB/04436/2020 and UIDP/04436/2020)and the MPhotonBiopsy(No.PTDC/FIS-OTI/1259/2020https://doi.org/10.54499/PTDC/FIS-OTI/1259/2020)+2 种基金João R.FREITAS thanks Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(FCT)for the Ph.D.grant(No.2020.07708.BD)Sara PIMENTA thanks FCT for the grant(No.2022.00101.CEECIND/CP1718/CT0008https://doi.org/10.54499/2022.00101.CEECIND/CP1718/CT0008).
文摘Brain diseases affect millions of people and have a huge social and economic impact.The use of neural probes for studies in animals has been the main approach to increasing knowledge about neural network functioning.Ultimately,neuroscientists are trying to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches to treating neurological disorders.The implementation of neural probes with multifunctionalities(electrical,optical,and fluidic interactions)has been increasing in the last few years,leading to the creation of devices with high temporal and spatial resolution.Increasing the applicability of,and elements integrated into,neural probes has also led to the necessity to create flexible interfaces,reducing neural tissue damage during probe implantation and increasing the quality of neural acquisition data.In this paper,we review the fabrication,characterization,and validation of several types of flexible neural probes,exploring the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices.Finally,future developments and applications are covered.Overall,this review aims to present the currently available flexible devices and future appropriate avenues for development as possible guidance for future engineered devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2402501,2022YFB3205602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62121003,T2293730,T2293731,62333020,62171434,and 62471291)+3 种基金the Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030(2021ZD02016030)the Joint Foundation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.8091A170201)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.PTYQ2024BJ0009)the National Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(F252069)。
文摘Flexible deep brain neural interfaces,as an important research direction in the field of neural engineering,have broad application prospects in areas such as neural signal detection,treatment of neurological diseases,and intelligent control systems.However,chronic inflammatory responses caused by longterm implantation and the resulting electrode failure seriously hinder the clinical development of this technology.This review systematically explores the long-term stability issues of flexible deep brain neural interfaces,with a focus on analyzing the synergistic optimization of electrode geometric morphology and implantation strategies in regulating inflammatory responses.Additionally,this paper delves into innovative strategies,such as passive enhancement of biocompatibility through electrode surface functionalization and active inhibition of inflammation through drug-controlled release systems,offering new technical paths to extend electrode lifespan.By integrating and reviewing existing innovative methods for deep brain flexible electrodes,this study provides an important theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the development of high-stability neural interface devices.
基金supported by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong(No.PolyUC5015-15G)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(No.G-SB06)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21125316,21434009,51573026)
文摘Printing of metal bottom back electrodes of flexible organic solar cells（FOSCs） at low temperature is of great significance to realize the full-solution fabrication technology. However, this has been difficult to achieve because often the interfacial properties of those printed electrodes, including conductivity, roughness, work function,optical and mechanical flexibility, cannot meet the device requirement at the same time. In this work, we fabricate printed Ag and Cu bottom back cathodes by a low-temperature solution technique named polymer-assisted metal deposition（PAMD） on flexible PET substrates. Branched polyethylenimine（PEI） and ZnO thin films are used as the interface modification layers（IMLs） of these cathodes. Detailed experimental studies on the electrical, mechanical, and morphological properties, and simulation study on the optical properties of these IMLs are carried out to understand and optimize the interface of printed cathodes. We demonstrate that the highest power conversion efficiency over 3.0% can be achieved from a full-solution processed OFSC with the device structure being PAMDAg/PEI/P3 HT：PC61BM/PH1000. This device also acquires remarkable stability upon repeating bending tests.
