To address the challenges of supply-demand imbal-ance in rail transit and the complex passenger flow interactions among multiple hub stations under high-passenger-volume scenarios,this study proposes an optimized rail...To address the challenges of supply-demand imbal-ance in rail transit and the complex passenger flow interactions among multiple hub stations under high-passenger-volume scenarios,this study proposes an optimized rail transit scheduling method based on a flexible train formation strat-egy(FTFS).By constructing interaction parameters that characterize the coupling effects of high passenger flow across multiple hubs,a multiobjective optimization model is developed to minimize passenger waiting time at hub sta-tions and operational costs.An improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm incorporating chaotic mapping and adaptive evolutionary parameters is designed for efficient so-lution optimization.This method overcomes the limitations of fixed train formations by supporting diversified modular unit detachment and reconnection,enabling dynamic capac-ity adjustment and efficient rolling stock circulation.A case study on Nanjing Metro Line 1 demonstrates that the FTFS reduces the average waiting time at hub stations by 47.2%,alleviates train congestion by approximately 18.6%,and re-duces the operational costs under low-demand scenarios by 44.8%.Pareto frontier analysis further reveals the trade-off mechanism between transport capacity elasticity and opera-tional costs.These findings validate the effectiveness of the flexible train formation model in mitigating platform conges-tion and enhancing passenger flow evacuation efficiency at transport hubs,providing multiobjective decision-making support for managing extreme passenger flow during holi-days and peak events.展开更多
Flexible photodetectors(PDs)comprised of low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites with perovskite quantum dots are expected to be the next generation wearable optoelectronic devices.A flexible Vis-NIR PD w...Flexible photodetectors(PDs)comprised of low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites with perovskite quantum dots are expected to be the next generation wearable optoelectronic devices.A flexible Vis-NIR PD which contains 2D Dion-Jacobson(DJ)perovskite(4AMP)(MA)_(2)Pb_(3)I_(10)(4AMP=4-(aminomethyl)piperidinium,MA=methylammonium)(n3)and micro concentration of CsPbI_(3)perovskite quantum dots(QDs)layered heterostructures was de-signed and synthesized in the current work.Controlled by the optimal concentration of QDs,the device response under 660 nm light was increased to 615%.The device combination as per mass of QDs exhibited strong photosensitivity and high-power output.The band gap between the two is minimal,which formed a matching structure and lowered the energy barrier of carrier transport process.QDs layer filled the gap of perovskite film,forming an almost defect-free heterostructure.QDs layer isolated water and passivated the perovskite layer,which therefore contributed to the high-performance of optoelectronic devices.Under the optimal concentration of QDs with up to 5000 bending cycles and different bending angles,the degradation of PDscouldbe ignored,and the devices tended to show a self-healing phenomenon with increasing bending cycles.The optimized strategy will be conducive to developing flexible,wearable,high-performance and low-cost PDs.展开更多
基金Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52432011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 524B2153)。
文摘To address the challenges of supply-demand imbal-ance in rail transit and the complex passenger flow interactions among multiple hub stations under high-passenger-volume scenarios,this study proposes an optimized rail transit scheduling method based on a flexible train formation strat-egy(FTFS).By constructing interaction parameters that characterize the coupling effects of high passenger flow across multiple hubs,a multiobjective optimization model is developed to minimize passenger waiting time at hub sta-tions and operational costs.An improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm incorporating chaotic mapping and adaptive evolutionary parameters is designed for efficient so-lution optimization.This method overcomes the limitations of fixed train formations by supporting diversified modular unit detachment and reconnection,enabling dynamic capac-ity adjustment and efficient rolling stock circulation.A case study on Nanjing Metro Line 1 demonstrates that the FTFS reduces the average waiting time at hub stations by 47.2%,alleviates train congestion by approximately 18.6%,and re-duces the operational costs under low-demand scenarios by 44.8%.Pareto frontier analysis further reveals the trade-off mechanism between transport capacity elasticity and opera-tional costs.These findings validate the effectiveness of the flexible train formation model in mitigating platform conges-tion and enhancing passenger flow evacuation efficiency at transport hubs,providing multiobjective decision-making support for managing extreme passenger flow during holi-days and peak events.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62204032)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2021-MS-08)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,NEU(02060022121002).
文摘Flexible photodetectors(PDs)comprised of low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites with perovskite quantum dots are expected to be the next generation wearable optoelectronic devices.A flexible Vis-NIR PD which contains 2D Dion-Jacobson(DJ)perovskite(4AMP)(MA)_(2)Pb_(3)I_(10)(4AMP=4-(aminomethyl)piperidinium,MA=methylammonium)(n3)and micro concentration of CsPbI_(3)perovskite quantum dots(QDs)layered heterostructures was de-signed and synthesized in the current work.Controlled by the optimal concentration of QDs,the device response under 660 nm light was increased to 615%.The device combination as per mass of QDs exhibited strong photosensitivity and high-power output.The band gap between the two is minimal,which formed a matching structure and lowered the energy barrier of carrier transport process.QDs layer filled the gap of perovskite film,forming an almost defect-free heterostructure.QDs layer isolated water and passivated the perovskite layer,which therefore contributed to the high-performance of optoelectronic devices.Under the optimal concentration of QDs with up to 5000 bending cycles and different bending angles,the degradation of PDscouldbe ignored,and the devices tended to show a self-healing phenomenon with increasing bending cycles.The optimized strategy will be conducive to developing flexible,wearable,high-performance and low-cost PDs.
