The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmento...The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration,leads to vision loss or blindness.While primary cell death is driven by genetic mutations,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation,additional mechanisms contribute to disease progression.In retinitis pigmentosa,a multitude of genetic alterations can trigger the degeneration of photoreceptors,while other retinopathies,such as agerelated macular degeneration,are initiated by combinations of environmental factors,such as diet,smoking,and hypertension,with genetic predispositions.Nutraceutical therapies,which blend the principles of nutrition and pharmaceuticals,aim to harness the health benefits of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications.These compounds generally possess multi-target effects.Polyphenols and flavonoids,secondary plant metabolites abundant in plant-based foods,are known for their antioxidant,neuroprotective,and anti-inflammatory properties.This review focuses on the potential of polyphenols and flavonoids as nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.Furthermore,the importance of developing reliable delivery methods to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of these compounds will be discussed.By combining nutraceuticals with other emerging therapies,such as genetic and cell-based treatments,it is possible to offer a more comprehensive approach to treating retinal degenerative diseases.These advancements could lead to a viable and accessible option,improving the quality of life for patients with retinal diseases.展开更多
[Objectives]Based on spectrophotometry,a method for determining the total flavonoid content in milk powder was established by optimizing sample pretreatment conditions,and method validation was performed.[Methods]Tota...[Objectives]Based on spectrophotometry,a method for determining the total flavonoid content in milk powder was established by optimizing sample pretreatment conditions,and method validation was performed.[Methods]Total flavonoids in milk powder were extracted with ethanol using 45℃ water bath ultrasonication for 60 min.Flavonoids contain a benzopyran ring structure and react with aluminum nitrate in a potassium acetate environment to form a yellow complex.The absorbance of this complex was measured at 420 nm for quantitative determination.[Results]The method exhibited a good linear relationship within the range of 0.2-1.0 mg.The limit of detection(LOD)was 0.05 g/100 g,and the limit of quantification(LOQ)was 0.3 g/100 g.When the spiked amount of total flavonoids was in the range of 0.3% to 1.0%,the spike recovery rates were 99.3% to 103.4%,and the relative standard deviations(RSD s)were less than 3.0%.[Conclusions]This method offers advantages such as rapidness,accuracy,good stability,and high sensitivity,and can be used for the detection of total flavonoid content in milk powder.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has been a major global public health issue due to its high prevalence,disability,and mortality rates.The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and remains incompletely understood,...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has been a major global public health issue due to its high prevalence,disability,and mortality rates.The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and remains incompletely understood,compounded by a lack of specific and effective clinical therapies.Key pathophysiological mechanisms include oxidative stress,inflammation,programmed cell death,and fibrosis,influenced by external risk factors such as cigarette smoke and internal factors like immune deficiency.Natural flavonoids emerge as promising adjuvant treatments or potential drug candidates for COPD,attributed to their multi-target properties and low toxicity.This article provides an overview of various types and sources of natural flavonoids that exhibit therapeutic effects on COPD,their specific pharmacological actions and detailed mechanisms of action.This review aims to serve as a reference for adjuvant treatment strategies in daily dietary practices and to inspire novel drug candidates for COPD.展开更多
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.,an edible flowering plant,belongs to the Chrysanthemum family and is mainly grown at high altitudes in Northwestern China.It is rich in polyphenolic compounds,particularly marein and flavomar...Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.,an edible flowering plant,belongs to the Chrysanthemum family and is mainly grown at high altitudes in Northwestern China.It is rich in polyphenolic compounds,particularly marein and flavomarein,and possesses multiple health-promoting properties,such as antioxidant,hypoglycemic and vasorelaxant effects.Previous bioactivity investigations majorly focused on C.tinctoria and its crude extract.The aim of the present study was to prepare marein-dominant C.tinctoria flavonoids(CF),further investigate the CF protective effects of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride and elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms.Results have demonstrated that CF effectively attenuated hepatofibrogenesis by increasing the activity of glutathione(GSH)and superoxide dismutase(SOD);suppressing the hepatic stellate cell(HSC)activation,inhibiting transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)activation and the production ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),alleviating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2(ERK1/2)and small mothers against decapentaplegic1/2(Smad1/2),thus maintaining the collagen metabolic homeostasis in the liver.Our study revealed that CF possesses an efficacious protective effect against chronic hepatic fibrosis due to their strong inhibitory effects of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of tota...[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of total flavonoids from G.jasminoides was optimized,and the antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth were tested.[Results]The best strain for fermentation of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides was Bacillus subtilis.The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1:30,the inoculation amount was 2%,and the fermentation time was 24 h.Under these fermentation conditions,the content of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides reached 36.90 mg/g,which was 45.22%higher than that of the control group without microbial fermentation,and it had good DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability,and the inhibition ability of hyaluronidase after fermentation was also improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical reference for the comprehensive application of G.jasminoides.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic gastrointestinal disease with a high incidence.Treatment for IBD includes medications and diet,and common anti-inflammatory medications have limitations like drug resistance...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic gastrointestinal disease with a high incidence.Treatment for IBD includes medications and diet,and common anti-inflammatory medications have limitations like drug resistance and serious adverse effects.Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dietary flavonoids exhibit an alleviative effect on IBD by influencing gut microbiota.The microbiota-derived metabolites also regulate IBD and maintain intestinal homeostasis.In this review,we investigate the therapeutic effect of gut microbiota and metabolites on IBD by intestinal immune and intestinal barrier function.We demonstrate the underlying mechanism of dietary flavonoids as an anti-inflammatory molecule alleviating IBD by regulating gut microbiota,short chain fatty acid(SCFA),bile acid(BA),tryptophan(Trp)metabolism and lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling pathway.Based on structural differences of flavonoids,we summarize the recent research progress on the role of different dietary flavonoids in alleviating IBD by gut microbiota and metabolites in animal and clinical trials.This review indicates that dietary flavonoids targeting gut microbiota and metabolites provide a promising strategy for the treatment of inflammation and novel insights into the management of IBD.展开更多
[Objectives]To analyze the chemical components of Meconopsis integrifolia(Maxim.)Franch total flavonoids(MITF).[Methods]The chemical components of MITF were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS.The column was per...[Objectives]To analyze the chemical components of Meconopsis integrifolia(Maxim.)Franch total flavonoids(MITF).[Methods]The chemical components of MITF were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS.The column was performed using ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)with 0.1%formic acid water(A)-acetonitrile(B)with gradient elution at 30℃,injection volume of 2μL,and flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.Electrospray ion source adopted positive and negative ion detection mode with scanning range m/z 100-1000.[Results]A total of 93 compounds were identified from MITF,including 57 flavonoids,25 phenolic acids,9 alkaloids and 2 others.Among them,dimethoxytaxifolin was identified as a possible new compound by SciFinder search,and 67 compounds were first identified in M.integrifolia.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific foundation for clarifying the material basis of the efficacy of M.integrifolia and improving the quality standards.展开更多
This study aims to explore the mechanism by which flavonoids in Crataegus pinnatifida fruit improve Alzheimer’s disease(AD)through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.The flavonoid components presen...This study aims to explore the mechanism by which flavonoids in Crataegus pinnatifida fruit improve Alzheimer’s disease(AD)through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.The flavonoid components present in Crataegus pinnatifida fruit were gathered from the HERB,HIT,and ETCM databases,and were further supplemented by relevant published literature.The PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction databases were utilized to predict potential targets,and a“Crataegus pinnatifida fruit-active ingredient-target”network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.The GeneCards database was utilized to identify targets associated with AD,which were subsequently intersected with the active targets of Crataegus pinnatifi da fruit.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the STRING platform.KEGG enrichment analysis of the core targets was conducted on an online bioinformatics mapping platform,while molecular docking of the primary active components and core targets was executed using AutoDock software.Eight flavonoids and 160 potential targets were identifi ed from Crataegus pinnatifi da fruit,of which 147 targets were linked to AD.The results of the“Crataegus pinnatifi da fruit-active ingredient-target”network indicated that quercetin was the principal flavonoid active ingredient.PPI analysis revealed that SRC and EGFR were the key targets,and KEGG analysis identifi ed the main enrichment pathways as Pathways in cancer,PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,and Proteoglycans in cancer.Molecular docking confi rmed the strong binding affi nity between the core targets and the primary active ingredient.The interaction of quercetin with the key targets SRC and EGFR may represent a signifi cant mechanism by which flavonoids from Crataegus pinnatifi da fruit contribute to the improvement of AD.展开更多
Vitex negundo(V.negundo),an Indian herb with a rich historical background for the handling of various complaints,is a member of the Verbenaceae family and is characterized by small trees with pale gray bark.This herb ...Vitex negundo(V.negundo),an Indian herb with a rich historical background for the handling of various complaints,is a member of the Verbenaceae family and is characterized by small trees with pale gray bark.This herb is widely used and has been recognized in traditional medicine for its pharmacological effects on a wide range of diseases.All sections of the plant,but particularly the leaves,contain a variety of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,phenols,flavonoids,glycoside iridoids,tannins,and terpenes.The system is included in a number of store-bought herbal preparations and has the potential to function as an efficient bio-committee.Cancer continues to be a major cause of death and morbidity in spite of the intervention.One of the leading causes of death is cancer,and current therapies can have unpleasant side effects.Unhindered reactions,resistance to traditional cancer medications,radiation therapy,chemotherapy,and restricted access to tumor tissue are some of the reasons why treatment frequently fails.To reduce side effects,increase chemotherapy sensitivity,and slow the spread of cancer,new approaches are required.Small food molecules have been suggested in numerous research as supplemental therapies for cancer patients.The effectiveness of the flavonoid-rich V.negundo extract in treating cancer was assessed mechanically in this investigation.Total flavonoids have been isolated for qualitative phytochemical investigation using V.negundo ethanolic extract.This article highlights significant developments in this field and explores how flavonoids contribute to the targeted suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in different cancer types.展开更多
Background:The study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of total flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis(TFSB)on acute myocardial ischemia(AMI)rats by using functional metabonomics.Methods:Rats wer...Background:The study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of total flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis(TFSB)on acute myocardial ischemia(AMI)rats by using functional metabonomics.Methods:Rats were divided into the Control,Model,AMI positive control(Propranolol hydrochloride,30 mg/kg),low dose TFSB(50 mg/kg),and high dose TFSB(100 mg/kg)groups.Rats received the corresponding treatment by intragastric administration once daily for 10 consecutive days.Electrocardiogram,myocardial enzyme,triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining,hematoxylin-eosin,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to evaluate the protective effect of TFSB on AMI rats.Then,the UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS method based on serum metabolomics was utilised to search for metabolic biomarkers and metabolic pathways.Subsequently,Western blot and RT-PCR techniques were employed to identify the respective genes and proteins.Results:Pharmacodynamics revealed that TFSB could ameliorate AMI in rats.The results of the metabolomics analysis indicated that the alterations in metabolic profile observed in rats with AMI were partially improved by treatment with TFSB.Moreover,the mRNA expression levels of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)and 15-lipoxygenase(15-LOX)and the protein expression levels of 5-LOX,15-LOX,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and NF-κB p65 were reduced following treatment with TFSB.Conclusion:The potential treatment of TFSB in AMI may be ascribed to its ability to regulate arachidonic acid metabolism.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as a predominant contributor to chronic liver disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma,representing a significant global health burden.Mounting evidence has implicated...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as a predominant contributor to chronic liver disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma,representing a significant global health burden.Mounting evidence has implicated obesity,metabolic syndrome,oxidative stress,and insulin resistance(IR)as central drivers of NAFLD pathogenesis.Despite the absence of approved pharmacological therapies or clearly defined molecular targets,flavonoids have garnered increasing attention for their therapeutic potential.As key bioactive molecules,flavonoids may modulate critical gene networks implicated in the progression of NAFLD.In addition to mitigating lipid accumulation induced by IR,these compounds exert multifaceted regulatory effects by modulating proteasome activity,intracellular signaling cascades,gene transcription,and inflammatory processes that contribute to hepatic lipid dysregulation.展开更多
[Objective] The experiment aimed to inquire into the regular pattern of the flavonoids content in erect type Ophiopogon jaonicus preliminarily.[Methods]In the main Ophiopogon jaonicus-producing area,we use the method ...[Objective] The experiment aimed to inquire into the regular pattern of the flavonoids content in erect type Ophiopogon jaonicus preliminarily.[Methods]In the main Ophiopogon jaonicus-producing area,we use the method of home position dynamic method to gather sample for experiments,use UV to determine the flavonoids content in Ophiopogon jaonicus and use correlation and regression method to analyze the relation between flavonoids content and the growth period of Ophiopogon jaonicus.[Results]The relation between flavonoids content(y1)and the growth period(x∥d)of erect type Ophiopogon jaonicus is:y=1.235 6lnx-4.748 9(n=7,50≤x≤730,0≤y≤3.128,r0.001=0.950 7,r=0.954 2).[Conclusion]During a determinate time(50≤x≤730),positive correlation exists between flavonoids content and the growth period of Ophiopogon jaonicus.Our research has a great importance in directing the scientific harvest and GAP production of erect type Ophiopogon jaonicus.展开更多
The aim of this study was to isolate the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. and to determine their antioxidant activities. Ten flavonoids were isolated and purified by silica gel, ...The aim of this study was to isolate the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. and to determine their antioxidant activities. Ten flavonoids were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and identified as isorhamnetin-3-O-13-D-glucopyranoside （1）, isorhamnetin-3-O-13-D-galactopyranoside （2）, quercetin-3-O-13-o-glucopyranosyl （1--＊2）-I^-D-galactopyranoside （3）, quercetin-3-O-13-O-glucopyranosyl （1---~2）-13-D-glucopyranoside （4）, linarin （5）, quercetin-3-O- 13-D-glucopyranoside （6）, 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methxoyflavone-7-O-13-o-glucuronoside （7）, isorhamnetin （8）, kaempferol （9） and quercetin （10）. All these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1-5 and 7 were isolated from the genus of Polygala for the first time. The antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and compounds 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10 showed potent antioxidant activities.展开更多
Aim To screen the optimum macroporous resin and conditions for the isolation and purification of flavonoids from Radix Puerariae. Methods The static and dynamic adsorption/desorption methods were used, and the separat...Aim To screen the optimum macroporous resin and conditions for the isolation and purification of flavonoids from Radix Puerariae. Methods The static and dynamic adsorption/desorption methods were used, and the separation and purification process was evaluated by measuring the concentration of total flavonoid in the fractions with UV spectrophotometer. Results The SP70 macroporous resin was the most effective compared with other macroporous resins. The optimum conditions were screened, which were 0.5 g· mL^- 1 corresponding to crude drug for concentration of extract, pH 5 - 6, and appended 60 times the volume of the resin bed （BV） with the adsorption speed 2 BV·h^-1, and the volume of aq. 70% （V/V） ethanol as eluant was 5 BV with desorption speed 2 BV·h^-1. By this method, the final contents of total flavonoids exceeded 80%. Conclusion The SP70 macroporous resin is the most effective one for large-scale isolation and purification of flavonoids from Radix Pueraria, which meets industrial needs.展开更多
Twenty-seven flavonoids, including 10 isoflavones, 9 flavanones, 3 dihydrochalcones, 3 flavonols and 2 flavans, were isolated from the whole plant of Tibetan medicine Oxytropis falcate Bunge. Structure elucidation was...Twenty-seven flavonoids, including 10 isoflavones, 9 flavanones, 3 dihydrochalcones, 3 flavonols and 2 flavans, were isolated from the whole plant of Tibetan medicine Oxytropis falcate Bunge. Structure elucidation was conducted by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including MS, NMR and CD spectra. Twelve compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, among which 10 compounds were obtained from the genus of Oxytropis for the first time.展开更多
Chemical constituents of the whole herb of Bidens pilosa L. were investigated. By using various column chromatography （CC） and spectroscopic methods, 13 flavonoids were isolated and identified as follows： 2′-hydro...Chemical constituents of the whole herb of Bidens pilosa L. were investigated. By using various column chromatography （CC） and spectroscopic methods, 13 flavonoids were isolated and identified as follows： 2′-hydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxy-chalcone （1）, isoliquiritigenin （2）, 3,2′,4′-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-chalcone （3）, licochalcone A （4）,4′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2′,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-chalcone （5）, butein （6）, apigenin （7）, luteolin （8）, diosmetin （9）, chrysoeriol （10）, 3,5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-heptamethoxyflavone （11）, 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyt-5,3′dihydroxy-3,6,4′-trimethoxyfiavone （12）, sulfuretin （13）. Compounds 1-5, 9, 11 were obtained from the genus Bidens for the first time.展开更多
To assess the potential effect of total flavonoids of epimedium （TFE） on cytochrome P450 and activity of its main isoforms in rat liver microsomes. TFE （300 mg/kg） was administered once daily to male Sprague-Dowle...To assess the potential effect of total flavonoids of epimedium （TFE） on cytochrome P450 and activity of its main isoforms in rat liver microsomes. TFE （300 mg/kg） was administered once daily to male Sprague-Dowley rats by gavage for fifteen days. The total cytochrome P450 content and its main isoforms CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 activities in rat liver microsomes were detected. The activity of CYP1A2 was measured by fluorometry and the activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 were determined by measuring the amount of methanal and p-aminophenol formed using UV/Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. Administration of TFE significantly increased the total CYP450 content and activities ofCYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 in rat liver microsomes, compared with the control group. Particularly, the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 were enhanced significantly （P〈0.01）. TFE induced the increase in total CYP450 content and its main isoforms CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 activities in rat liver microsomes.展开更多
Aim To Methods The constituents tures were identified investigate the chemical constituents of MiUettia nitita var. hirsutissima. were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques, and the strucby spectral evid...Aim To Methods The constituents tures were identified investigate the chemical constituents of MiUettia nitita var. hirsutissima. were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques, and the strucby spectral evidences. Results Four flavonoids were isolated from the plant, including liquiritigenin （ 1 ）, naringenin （2）, maackiain （3）, and 3R-vestitol （4）. Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 were obtained from the genus Millettia for the first time ; 3 and 4 were obtained from the plant for the first time.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study on the oxidation resistance of flavonoids in Chinese jujube stone. [Method] The extract of flavonoids from Chinese jujube stone was added to fresh rapeseed oil and lard to explore the ...[Objective] The aim was to study on the oxidation resistance of flavonoids in Chinese jujube stone. [Method] The extract of flavonoids from Chinese jujube stone was added to fresh rapeseed oil and lard to explore the oxidation resistance of flavonoids; the removal rates of it to O2-·,DPPH· and ·OH were also studied. [Result] The flavonoids from Chinese jujube stone had good oxidation resistance on rapeseed oil and lard,and the effects showed dose-dependent; citric acid and vitamin C appeared synergistic effects to the flavonoids; in free-radical reaction experiment,the flavonoids from Chinese Jujube stone also showed strong scavenging ability on O2-·,DPPH· and ·OH,in addition,the scavenging ability increased with concentration increasing. [Conclusion] The result of this study had provided theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Chinese jujube resource.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the interaction between genotype of flavonoids of barley grain and environment, to increase the flavonoid content of barley grain in cultivation and breeding. [Method] In this s...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the interaction between genotype of flavonoids of barley grain and environment, to increase the flavonoid content of barley grain in cultivation and breeding. [Method] In this study, the content of cate- chin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol of barley grain planted in Kunming, Qujing and Baoshan were determined by HPLC, and the genotype, environment, genotype- environment interaction of the flavonoid content of barley grain were analyzed. [Result] According to the experimental results, the genotype variance, environmental variance and G x E interaction variance of catechin and kaempferol contents show the same trend： genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation, which all reach a extremely significant level; the genotype variance, envi- ronmental variance and G × E interaction variance of quercetin and total flavonoid contents show the same trend： genetype variation 〉 G × E interaction variation 〉 environmental variation, which all reach a extremely significant level; the genotype variance and environmental variance of myricetin content both reach a extremely sig- nificant level, while the G × E interaction variance reaches a significant level, showing an order of genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation; the genotype variance, environmental variance and G x E interaction vari- ance of total flavonoid content show an order of genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation. Among different barley varieties, Ziguang- mangluoerling and Kuanyingdamai in Qujing, Kunming and Baoshan have relatively high content of quercetin, while other barley varieties barely contain any quercetin. The grains of Ziguangmangluoerling and Kuanyingdamai are purple, while the grains of other barley varieties are yellow. [Conclusion] Four main flavonoids and the total flavonoids of barley grain are mainly under genetic control and affected by genetic- environment interactions; the purple barley grains contain high content of quercetin.展开更多
基金Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP,Brazil,#2020/11667-0)and Universidade Federal do ABC(UFABC,Brazil)were recipients of fellowships from FAPESP:THLV(#2021/11969-9 and#2024/00828-3),GBS(#2021/14227-3),and GMB(#2024/10858-7)+1 种基金recipients of fellowships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES,Brazil):MIM(Finance Code 001,#88887.597402/2021-00)recipients of fellowships from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq,Brazil.):GKD(#145164/2024-1),and DRA(#308819/2022-5).
文摘The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration,leads to vision loss or blindness.While primary cell death is driven by genetic mutations,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation,additional mechanisms contribute to disease progression.In retinitis pigmentosa,a multitude of genetic alterations can trigger the degeneration of photoreceptors,while other retinopathies,such as agerelated macular degeneration,are initiated by combinations of environmental factors,such as diet,smoking,and hypertension,with genetic predispositions.Nutraceutical therapies,which blend the principles of nutrition and pharmaceuticals,aim to harness the health benefits of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications.These compounds generally possess multi-target effects.Polyphenols and flavonoids,secondary plant metabolites abundant in plant-based foods,are known for their antioxidant,neuroprotective,and anti-inflammatory properties.This review focuses on the potential of polyphenols and flavonoids as nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.Furthermore,the importance of developing reliable delivery methods to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of these compounds will be discussed.By combining nutraceuticals with other emerging therapies,such as genetic and cell-based treatments,it is possible to offer a more comprehensive approach to treating retinal degenerative diseases.These advancements could lead to a viable and accessible option,improving the quality of life for patients with retinal diseases.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development and Achievement Transformation Plan Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2023YFHH0093).
文摘[Objectives]Based on spectrophotometry,a method for determining the total flavonoid content in milk powder was established by optimizing sample pretreatment conditions,and method validation was performed.[Methods]Total flavonoids in milk powder were extracted with ethanol using 45℃ water bath ultrasonication for 60 min.Flavonoids contain a benzopyran ring structure and react with aluminum nitrate in a potassium acetate environment to form a yellow complex.The absorbance of this complex was measured at 420 nm for quantitative determination.[Results]The method exhibited a good linear relationship within the range of 0.2-1.0 mg.The limit of detection(LOD)was 0.05 g/100 g,and the limit of quantification(LOQ)was 0.3 g/100 g.When the spiked amount of total flavonoids was in the range of 0.3% to 1.0%,the spike recovery rates were 99.3% to 103.4%,and the relative standard deviations(RSD s)were less than 3.0%.[Conclusions]This method offers advantages such as rapidness,accuracy,good stability,and high sensitivity,and can be used for the detection of total flavonoid content in milk powder.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project“Study on the mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharide inhibiting the occurrence of liver fibrosis through PD-1 regulating NK cell function(2020Q004)”Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Project“Mechanism of STAT3 inhibition of liver fibrosis by regulating PD-1+NK cells(202002070991)”Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province“Astragalus polysaccharides inhibit liver fibrosis by regulating CD49a+NK cells(ZR2022QH111).”。
文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has been a major global public health issue due to its high prevalence,disability,and mortality rates.The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and remains incompletely understood,compounded by a lack of specific and effective clinical therapies.Key pathophysiological mechanisms include oxidative stress,inflammation,programmed cell death,and fibrosis,influenced by external risk factors such as cigarette smoke and internal factors like immune deficiency.Natural flavonoids emerge as promising adjuvant treatments or potential drug candidates for COPD,attributed to their multi-target properties and low toxicity.This article provides an overview of various types and sources of natural flavonoids that exhibit therapeutic effects on COPD,their specific pharmacological actions and detailed mechanisms of action.This review aims to serve as a reference for adjuvant treatment strategies in daily dietary practices and to inspire novel drug candidates for COPD.
基金funded by the grant for Evaluation of Functional Property,Processing and Utilization of Xinjiang Characteristic Plant Resources(G2023046003L)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Outstanding Youth Science Fund project(2024D01E11)+1 种基金National Nature Science Fund of China(82060788)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(C2022204167).
文摘Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.,an edible flowering plant,belongs to the Chrysanthemum family and is mainly grown at high altitudes in Northwestern China.It is rich in polyphenolic compounds,particularly marein and flavomarein,and possesses multiple health-promoting properties,such as antioxidant,hypoglycemic and vasorelaxant effects.Previous bioactivity investigations majorly focused on C.tinctoria and its crude extract.The aim of the present study was to prepare marein-dominant C.tinctoria flavonoids(CF),further investigate the CF protective effects of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride and elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms.Results have demonstrated that CF effectively attenuated hepatofibrogenesis by increasing the activity of glutathione(GSH)and superoxide dismutase(SOD);suppressing the hepatic stellate cell(HSC)activation,inhibiting transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)activation and the production ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),alleviating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2(ERK1/2)and small mothers against decapentaplegic1/2(Smad1/2),thus maintaining the collagen metabolic homeostasis in the liver.Our study revealed that CF possesses an efficacious protective effect against chronic hepatic fibrosis due to their strong inhibitory effects of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
基金Supported by Shanghai Putuo District R&D Platform Project(2024QX04).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of total flavonoids from G.jasminoides was optimized,and the antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth were tested.[Results]The best strain for fermentation of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides was Bacillus subtilis.The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1:30,the inoculation amount was 2%,and the fermentation time was 24 h.Under these fermentation conditions,the content of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides reached 36.90 mg/g,which was 45.22%higher than that of the control group without microbial fermentation,and it had good DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability,and the inhibition ability of hyaluronidase after fermentation was also improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical reference for the comprehensive application of G.jasminoides.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560459)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20224ACB205014)The Double Thousands Talents Plan of Jiangxi(jxsq2018102075,jxsq2018102076)。
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic gastrointestinal disease with a high incidence.Treatment for IBD includes medications and diet,and common anti-inflammatory medications have limitations like drug resistance and serious adverse effects.Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dietary flavonoids exhibit an alleviative effect on IBD by influencing gut microbiota.The microbiota-derived metabolites also regulate IBD and maintain intestinal homeostasis.In this review,we investigate the therapeutic effect of gut microbiota and metabolites on IBD by intestinal immune and intestinal barrier function.We demonstrate the underlying mechanism of dietary flavonoids as an anti-inflammatory molecule alleviating IBD by regulating gut microbiota,short chain fatty acid(SCFA),bile acid(BA),tryptophan(Trp)metabolism and lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling pathway.Based on structural differences of flavonoids,we summarize the recent research progress on the role of different dietary flavonoids in alleviating IBD by gut microbiota and metabolites in animal and clinical trials.This review indicates that dietary flavonoids targeting gut microbiota and metabolites provide a promising strategy for the treatment of inflammation and novel insights into the management of IBD.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NS-FSC0610)the Special Fund of Natural Science for the Central Universities of Southwest Minzu University(ZYN2023071).
文摘[Objectives]To analyze the chemical components of Meconopsis integrifolia(Maxim.)Franch total flavonoids(MITF).[Methods]The chemical components of MITF were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS.The column was performed using ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)with 0.1%formic acid water(A)-acetonitrile(B)with gradient elution at 30℃,injection volume of 2μL,and flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.Electrospray ion source adopted positive and negative ion detection mode with scanning range m/z 100-1000.[Results]A total of 93 compounds were identified from MITF,including 57 flavonoids,25 phenolic acids,9 alkaloids and 2 others.Among them,dimethoxytaxifolin was identified as a possible new compound by SciFinder search,and 67 compounds were first identified in M.integrifolia.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific foundation for clarifying the material basis of the efficacy of M.integrifolia and improving the quality standards.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82374333,No.82173961)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2203200)+5 种基金SPU Excellent Youth Program(YQ202310)SPU Youth Career Development plan(ZQN202211)Key Laboratory of polysaccharide bioactivity evaluation of TCM of Liaoning Province-Liaoning Distinguished Professor Project for Ying Jia(2017)High-level innovation and entrepreneurship team of Liaoning Province(XLYC2008029)Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Fund(LJ212410163006,LJ212410163018)Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Project of Liaoning Province in 2024(LNYJG2024251).
文摘This study aims to explore the mechanism by which flavonoids in Crataegus pinnatifida fruit improve Alzheimer’s disease(AD)through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.The flavonoid components present in Crataegus pinnatifida fruit were gathered from the HERB,HIT,and ETCM databases,and were further supplemented by relevant published literature.The PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction databases were utilized to predict potential targets,and a“Crataegus pinnatifida fruit-active ingredient-target”network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.The GeneCards database was utilized to identify targets associated with AD,which were subsequently intersected with the active targets of Crataegus pinnatifi da fruit.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using the STRING platform.KEGG enrichment analysis of the core targets was conducted on an online bioinformatics mapping platform,while molecular docking of the primary active components and core targets was executed using AutoDock software.Eight flavonoids and 160 potential targets were identifi ed from Crataegus pinnatifi da fruit,of which 147 targets were linked to AD.The results of the“Crataegus pinnatifi da fruit-active ingredient-target”network indicated that quercetin was the principal flavonoid active ingredient.PPI analysis revealed that SRC and EGFR were the key targets,and KEGG analysis identifi ed the main enrichment pathways as Pathways in cancer,PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,and Proteoglycans in cancer.Molecular docking confi rmed the strong binding affi nity between the core targets and the primary active ingredient.The interaction of quercetin with the key targets SRC and EGFR may represent a signifi cant mechanism by which flavonoids from Crataegus pinnatifi da fruit contribute to the improvement of AD.
文摘Vitex negundo(V.negundo),an Indian herb with a rich historical background for the handling of various complaints,is a member of the Verbenaceae family and is characterized by small trees with pale gray bark.This herb is widely used and has been recognized in traditional medicine for its pharmacological effects on a wide range of diseases.All sections of the plant,but particularly the leaves,contain a variety of secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,phenols,flavonoids,glycoside iridoids,tannins,and terpenes.The system is included in a number of store-bought herbal preparations and has the potential to function as an efficient bio-committee.Cancer continues to be a major cause of death and morbidity in spite of the intervention.One of the leading causes of death is cancer,and current therapies can have unpleasant side effects.Unhindered reactions,resistance to traditional cancer medications,radiation therapy,chemotherapy,and restricted access to tumor tissue are some of the reasons why treatment frequently fails.To reduce side effects,increase chemotherapy sensitivity,and slow the spread of cancer,new approaches are required.Small food molecules have been suggested in numerous research as supplemental therapies for cancer patients.The effectiveness of the flavonoid-rich V.negundo extract in treating cancer was assessed mechanically in this investigation.Total flavonoids have been isolated for qualitative phytochemical investigation using V.negundo ethanolic extract.This article highlights significant developments in this field and explores how flavonoids contribute to the targeted suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in different cancer types.
基金sponsored by Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Major Technological Innovation Project)([2021]CXGC010508)Guizhou Province Youth Science and Technology Talent Plan(YQK[2023]038)+1 种基金Science and Technology Department of Zunyi City of Guizhou province of China([2020]7)Key project at central government level:the ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(2060302).
文摘Background:The study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of total flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis(TFSB)on acute myocardial ischemia(AMI)rats by using functional metabonomics.Methods:Rats were divided into the Control,Model,AMI positive control(Propranolol hydrochloride,30 mg/kg),low dose TFSB(50 mg/kg),and high dose TFSB(100 mg/kg)groups.Rats received the corresponding treatment by intragastric administration once daily for 10 consecutive days.Electrocardiogram,myocardial enzyme,triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining,hematoxylin-eosin,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to evaluate the protective effect of TFSB on AMI rats.Then,the UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS method based on serum metabolomics was utilised to search for metabolic biomarkers and metabolic pathways.Subsequently,Western blot and RT-PCR techniques were employed to identify the respective genes and proteins.Results:Pharmacodynamics revealed that TFSB could ameliorate AMI in rats.The results of the metabolomics analysis indicated that the alterations in metabolic profile observed in rats with AMI were partially improved by treatment with TFSB.Moreover,the mRNA expression levels of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)and 15-lipoxygenase(15-LOX)and the protein expression levels of 5-LOX,15-LOX,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and NF-κB p65 were reduced following treatment with TFSB.Conclusion:The potential treatment of TFSB in AMI may be ascribed to its ability to regulate arachidonic acid metabolism.
基金Chongqing Municipal High-Level Medical Talent Development Project for Middle-Aged and Young ProfessionalsChongqing Health Commission of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project(Grant No.2025WSJK175)。
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as a predominant contributor to chronic liver disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma,representing a significant global health burden.Mounting evidence has implicated obesity,metabolic syndrome,oxidative stress,and insulin resistance(IR)as central drivers of NAFLD pathogenesis.Despite the absence of approved pharmacological therapies or clearly defined molecular targets,flavonoids have garnered increasing attention for their therapeutic potential.As key bioactive molecules,flavonoids may modulate critical gene networks implicated in the progression of NAFLD.In addition to mitigating lipid accumulation induced by IR,these compounds exert multifaceted regulatory effects by modulating proteasome activity,intracellular signaling cascades,gene transcription,and inflammatory processes that contribute to hepatic lipid dysregulation.
基金Supported by Crop Breeding Key Project of Eleventh Five Year Plan in Sichuan Province(2006yzgg12-9)~~
文摘[Objective] The experiment aimed to inquire into the regular pattern of the flavonoids content in erect type Ophiopogon jaonicus preliminarily.[Methods]In the main Ophiopogon jaonicus-producing area,we use the method of home position dynamic method to gather sample for experiments,use UV to determine the flavonoids content in Ophiopogon jaonicus and use correlation and regression method to analyze the relation between flavonoids content and the growth period of Ophiopogon jaonicus.[Results]The relation between flavonoids content(y1)and the growth period(x∥d)of erect type Ophiopogon jaonicus is:y=1.235 6lnx-4.748 9(n=7,50≤x≤730,0≤y≤3.128,r0.001=0.950 7,r=0.954 2).[Conclusion]During a determinate time(50≤x≤730),positive correlation exists between flavonoids content and the growth period of Ophiopogon jaonicus.Our research has a great importance in directing the scientific harvest and GAP production of erect type Ophiopogon jaonicus.
基金New-Century Talent Program, Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.985-2-102-113)National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars (Grant No. 81222051)National Key Technology R&D Program "New Drug Innovation" of China (Grant No. 2012ZX09304-005, 2012ZX09301002-002)
文摘The aim of this study was to isolate the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. and to determine their antioxidant activities. Ten flavonoids were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and identified as isorhamnetin-3-O-13-D-glucopyranoside （1）, isorhamnetin-3-O-13-D-galactopyranoside （2）, quercetin-3-O-13-o-glucopyranosyl （1--＊2）-I^-D-galactopyranoside （3）, quercetin-3-O-13-O-glucopyranosyl （1---~2）-13-D-glucopyranoside （4）, linarin （5）, quercetin-3-O- 13-D-glucopyranoside （6）, 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methxoyflavone-7-O-13-o-glucuronoside （7）, isorhamnetin （8）, kaempferol （9） and quercetin （10）. All these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1-5 and 7 were isolated from the genus of Polygala for the first time. The antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and compounds 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10 showed potent antioxidant activities.
基金Science and Technology Committee of Chongqing inChina(CSTC.2004BB5122).
文摘Aim To screen the optimum macroporous resin and conditions for the isolation and purification of flavonoids from Radix Puerariae. Methods The static and dynamic adsorption/desorption methods were used, and the separation and purification process was evaluated by measuring the concentration of total flavonoid in the fractions with UV spectrophotometer. Results The SP70 macroporous resin was the most effective compared with other macroporous resins. The optimum conditions were screened, which were 0.5 g· mL^- 1 corresponding to crude drug for concentration of extract, pH 5 - 6, and appended 60 times the volume of the resin bed （BV） with the adsorption speed 2 BV·h^-1, and the volume of aq. 70% （V/V） ethanol as eluant was 5 BV with desorption speed 2 BV·h^-1. By this method, the final contents of total flavonoids exceeded 80%. Conclusion The SP70 macroporous resin is the most effective one for large-scale isolation and purification of flavonoids from Radix Pueraria, which meets industrial needs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21172008 and 21372015)
文摘Twenty-seven flavonoids, including 10 isoflavones, 9 flavanones, 3 dihydrochalcones, 3 flavonols and 2 flavans, were isolated from the whole plant of Tibetan medicine Oxytropis falcate Bunge. Structure elucidation was conducted by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including MS, NMR and CD spectra. Twelve compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, among which 10 compounds were obtained from the genus of Oxytropis for the first time.
基金Research Platform for Quality Standard of TCM and Information System Building(Grant No.2009ZX09308-04)National S&T Major Project-Created Major New Drugs Projects (Grant No.2009ZX09311-004)
文摘Chemical constituents of the whole herb of Bidens pilosa L. were investigated. By using various column chromatography （CC） and spectroscopic methods, 13 flavonoids were isolated and identified as follows： 2′-hydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxy-chalcone （1）, isoliquiritigenin （2）, 3,2′,4′-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-chalcone （3）, licochalcone A （4）,4′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2′,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-chalcone （5）, butein （6）, apigenin （7）, luteolin （8）, diosmetin （9）, chrysoeriol （10）, 3,5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-heptamethoxyflavone （11）, 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyt-5,3′dihydroxy-3,6,4′-trimethoxyfiavone （12）, sulfuretin （13）. Compounds 1-5, 9, 11 were obtained from the genus Bidens for the first time.
基金Scientific Research Foundation of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine in China(Grant No.2004J009C).
文摘To assess the potential effect of total flavonoids of epimedium （TFE） on cytochrome P450 and activity of its main isoforms in rat liver microsomes. TFE （300 mg/kg） was administered once daily to male Sprague-Dowley rats by gavage for fifteen days. The total cytochrome P450 content and its main isoforms CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 activities in rat liver microsomes were detected. The activity of CYP1A2 was measured by fluorometry and the activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 were determined by measuring the amount of methanal and p-aminophenol formed using UV/Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. Administration of TFE significantly increased the total CYP450 content and activities ofCYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 in rat liver microsomes, compared with the control group. Particularly, the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 were enhanced significantly （P〈0.01）. TFE induced the increase in total CYP450 content and its main isoforms CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 activities in rat liver microsomes.
文摘Aim To Methods The constituents tures were identified investigate the chemical constituents of MiUettia nitita var. hirsutissima. were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques, and the strucby spectral evidences. Results Four flavonoids were isolated from the plant, including liquiritigenin （ 1 ）, naringenin （2）, maackiain （3）, and 3R-vestitol （4）. Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 were obtained from the genus Millettia for the first time ; 3 and 4 were obtained from the plant for the first time.
基金Supported by Tarim University President Fund for Innovation Group Program (TDZKCX08001)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study on the oxidation resistance of flavonoids in Chinese jujube stone. [Method] The extract of flavonoids from Chinese jujube stone was added to fresh rapeseed oil and lard to explore the oxidation resistance of flavonoids; the removal rates of it to O2-·,DPPH· and ·OH were also studied. [Result] The flavonoids from Chinese jujube stone had good oxidation resistance on rapeseed oil and lard,and the effects showed dose-dependent; citric acid and vitamin C appeared synergistic effects to the flavonoids; in free-radical reaction experiment,the flavonoids from Chinese Jujube stone also showed strong scavenging ability on O2-·,DPPH· and ·OH,in addition,the scavenging ability increased with concentration increasing. [Conclusion] The result of this study had provided theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Chinese jujube resource.
基金Supported by National Barley Industrial Technology System of China(CARS-05)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31260326)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the interaction between genotype of flavonoids of barley grain and environment, to increase the flavonoid content of barley grain in cultivation and breeding. [Method] In this study, the content of cate- chin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol of barley grain planted in Kunming, Qujing and Baoshan were determined by HPLC, and the genotype, environment, genotype- environment interaction of the flavonoid content of barley grain were analyzed. [Result] According to the experimental results, the genotype variance, environmental variance and G x E interaction variance of catechin and kaempferol contents show the same trend： genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation, which all reach a extremely significant level; the genotype variance, envi- ronmental variance and G × E interaction variance of quercetin and total flavonoid contents show the same trend： genetype variation 〉 G × E interaction variation 〉 environmental variation, which all reach a extremely significant level; the genotype variance and environmental variance of myricetin content both reach a extremely sig- nificant level, while the G × E interaction variance reaches a significant level, showing an order of genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation; the genotype variance, environmental variance and G x E interaction vari- ance of total flavonoid content show an order of genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation. Among different barley varieties, Ziguang- mangluoerling and Kuanyingdamai in Qujing, Kunming and Baoshan have relatively high content of quercetin, while other barley varieties barely contain any quercetin. The grains of Ziguangmangluoerling and Kuanyingdamai are purple, while the grains of other barley varieties are yellow. [Conclusion] Four main flavonoids and the total flavonoids of barley grain are mainly under genetic control and affected by genetic- environment interactions; the purple barley grains contain high content of quercetin.
