Background：A relationship between hyperthyroidism and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） has been reported.Therefore,this study explored the use of first-phase insulin secretion in the differentia...Background：A relationship between hyperthyroidism and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） has been reported.Therefore,this study explored the use of first-phase insulin secretion in the differential diagnosis of thyroid diabetes （TDM） and T2DM.Methods：In total,101 patients with hyperthyroidism were divided into hyperthyroidism with normal glucose tolerance （TNGT）,hyperthyroidism with impaired glucose regulation （TIGR）,and diabetes （TDM） groups.Furthermore,96 patients without hyperthyroidism were recruited as control groups （normal glucose tolerance [NGT],impaired glucose regulation [IGR],and T2DM）.The following parameters were evaluated：homeostasis model assessment （HOMA）-IR,HOMA-β,modified β-cell function index （MBCI）,peak insulin/fasting insulin （IP/I0）,AUCins-OGTT,and AUCins-OGTr/AUCglu-OGTT from the oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） insulin release test were utilized to assess the second-phase insulin secretion,while the IP/I0,AIR0＇-10＇,and AUCins-IVGTT from the intravenous glucose tolerance test （IVGTT） insulin release test were used to assess the first-phase insulin secretion.Results：In the OGTT,the HOMA-β values of the TNGT and TDM groups were higher than those of the NGT and T2DM groups （all P 〈 0.05）.In the hyperthyroidism groups,the MBCI of the TDM group was lower than that of the TNGT and TIGR groups （all P 〈 0.05）.Among the control groups,the MBCI values of the IGR and T2DM groups were lower than that of the normal glucose tolerance （NGT） group （all P 〈 0.05）.In the IVGTT,insulin secretion peaked for all groups at 2-4 min,except for the T2DM group,which showed a low plateau and no secretion peak.The IPvalues of the TNGT,TIGR,and TDM groups were higher than those of the NGT,IGR,and T2DM groups （all P 〈 0.05）.The IP/I0,AIR0＇-10＇,and AUCins-IVGTT values of the TDM group were higher than those of the T2DM group but were lower than those of the TNGT,TIGR,NGR,and IGR groups （all P 〈 0.05）.Compared with the other five groups,the IP/I0 AIR0＇-10＇,and AUCins-IVGTT values of the T2DM group were significantly decreased （all P 〈 0.05）.The IP/I0 and AUCins-IVGTT values of the TNGT group were higher than those of the NGT group （all P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions：β-cell function in TDM patients is superior to that in T2DM patients.First-phase insulin secretion could be used as an early diagnostic marker to differentiate TDM and T2DM.展开更多
State-space equations were applied to formulate the queuing and delay of traffic at a single intersection in this paper. The signal control of a single intersection was then modeled as a discrete-time optimal control ...State-space equations were applied to formulate the queuing and delay of traffic at a single intersection in this paper. The signal control of a single intersection was then modeled as a discrete-time optimal control problem, with consideration of the constraints of stream conflicts, saturation flow rate, minimum green time, and maximum green time. The problem cannot be solved directly due to the nonlinear constraints. However, the results of qualitative analysis were used to develop a first-phase signal control algorithm. Simulation results show that the algorithm substantially reduces the total delay compared to fixed-time control.展开更多
采用相图计算(calculation of phase diagrams,CALPHAD)耦合第一性原理计算对Al-C-X(X=Mo,Nb,Ta,V)体系进行了热力学研究。Al-C-Mo、Al-C-Nb和Al-C-V体系都只存在一个三元热力学稳定相,分别是Mo_(3)Al_(2)C、Nb_(2)AlC和V_(2)AlC。Al-C...采用相图计算(calculation of phase diagrams,CALPHAD)耦合第一性原理计算对Al-C-X(X=Mo,Nb,Ta,V)体系进行了热力学研究。Al-C-Mo、Al-C-Nb和Al-C-V体系都只存在一个三元热力学稳定相,分别是Mo_(3)Al_(2)C、Nb_(2)AlC和V_(2)AlC。Al-C-Ta体系中的三元化合物为Ta_(5)Al_(3)C和Ta_(2)AlC。通过第一性原理计算得到了这些化合物的生成焓,采用线性化合物模型描述其吉布斯自由能,最终由CALPHAD方法得到了一系列自洽的热力学参数。研究表明:优化得到的等温截面图和热力学数据与实验和计算结果均十分吻合。Al-C-X(X=Mo,Nb,Ta,V)体系的热力学参数能够帮助建立起析出强化黏结相的硬质合金数据库,指导设计具有优异性能的新型材料。展开更多
文摘Background：A relationship between hyperthyroidism and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） has been reported.Therefore,this study explored the use of first-phase insulin secretion in the differential diagnosis of thyroid diabetes （TDM） and T2DM.Methods：In total,101 patients with hyperthyroidism were divided into hyperthyroidism with normal glucose tolerance （TNGT）,hyperthyroidism with impaired glucose regulation （TIGR）,and diabetes （TDM） groups.Furthermore,96 patients without hyperthyroidism were recruited as control groups （normal glucose tolerance [NGT],impaired glucose regulation [IGR],and T2DM）.The following parameters were evaluated：homeostasis model assessment （HOMA）-IR,HOMA-β,modified β-cell function index （MBCI）,peak insulin/fasting insulin （IP/I0）,AUCins-OGTT,and AUCins-OGTr/AUCglu-OGTT from the oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） insulin release test were utilized to assess the second-phase insulin secretion,while the IP/I0,AIR0＇-10＇,and AUCins-IVGTT from the intravenous glucose tolerance test （IVGTT） insulin release test were used to assess the first-phase insulin secretion.Results：In the OGTT,the HOMA-β values of the TNGT and TDM groups were higher than those of the NGT and T2DM groups （all P 〈 0.05）.In the hyperthyroidism groups,the MBCI of the TDM group was lower than that of the TNGT and TIGR groups （all P 〈 0.05）.Among the control groups,the MBCI values of the IGR and T2DM groups were lower than that of the normal glucose tolerance （NGT） group （all P 〈 0.05）.In the IVGTT,insulin secretion peaked for all groups at 2-4 min,except for the T2DM group,which showed a low plateau and no secretion peak.The IPvalues of the TNGT,TIGR,and TDM groups were higher than those of the NGT,IGR,and T2DM groups （all P 〈 0.05）.The IP/I0,AIR0＇-10＇,and AUCins-IVGTT values of the TDM group were higher than those of the T2DM group but were lower than those of the TNGT,TIGR,NGR,and IGR groups （all P 〈 0.05）.Compared with the other five groups,the IP/I0 AIR0＇-10＇,and AUCins-IVGTT values of the T2DM group were significantly decreased （all P 〈 0.05）.The IP/I0 and AUCins-IVGTT values of the TNGT group were higher than those of the NGT group （all P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions：β-cell function in TDM patients is superior to that in T2DM patients.First-phase insulin secretion could be used as an early diagnostic marker to differentiate TDM and T2DM.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60572005)
文摘State-space equations were applied to formulate the queuing and delay of traffic at a single intersection in this paper. The signal control of a single intersection was then modeled as a discrete-time optimal control problem, with consideration of the constraints of stream conflicts, saturation flow rate, minimum green time, and maximum green time. The problem cannot be solved directly due to the nonlinear constraints. However, the results of qualitative analysis were used to develop a first-phase signal control algorithm. Simulation results show that the algorithm substantially reduces the total delay compared to fixed-time control.
文摘采用相图计算(calculation of phase diagrams,CALPHAD)耦合第一性原理计算对Al-C-X(X=Mo,Nb,Ta,V)体系进行了热力学研究。Al-C-Mo、Al-C-Nb和Al-C-V体系都只存在一个三元热力学稳定相,分别是Mo_(3)Al_(2)C、Nb_(2)AlC和V_(2)AlC。Al-C-Ta体系中的三元化合物为Ta_(5)Al_(3)C和Ta_(2)AlC。通过第一性原理计算得到了这些化合物的生成焓,采用线性化合物模型描述其吉布斯自由能,最终由CALPHAD方法得到了一系列自洽的热力学参数。研究表明:优化得到的等温截面图和热力学数据与实验和计算结果均十分吻合。Al-C-X(X=Mo,Nb,Ta,V)体系的热力学参数能够帮助建立起析出强化黏结相的硬质合金数据库,指导设计具有优异性能的新型材料。
