Almost every year,First Nations are evacuated in Canada because of wildfire proximity and smoke.Dynamics of wildfires,and remote locations,unique sociocultural characteristics,and limited emergency management resource...Almost every year,First Nations are evacuated in Canada because of wildfire proximity and smoke.Dynamics of wildfires,and remote locations,unique sociocultural characteristics,and limited emergency management resources present challenges for evacuation organizers and residents.This study explores how Dene Tha’First Nation evacuated their Tachécommunity in July 2012 due to wildfire smoke and how the evacuation process affected evacuees.Interviews were completed with 31 evacuation organizers and residents to examine the factors that helped and hindered the evacuation process.Lack of information about the nearby wildfire,smoke,and evacuation of the nearby small community of Zama City,combined with a generic evacuation plan,delayed and posed challenges during the evacuation of this Dene Tha’community.Strong leadership and its role in community organizing,keeping families together,providing the social support they needed,and using familiar host communities,demonstrated and contributed to the community’s resilience during the evacuation.Measures to improve evacuations and emergency management in the community and other First Nations in Canada are identified and discussed.展开更多
Introduction:The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that indigenous people have a fundamental right to contribute to the management of the resources that support their livelihoods.Salmon are vit...Introduction:The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that indigenous people have a fundamental right to contribute to the management of the resources that support their livelihoods.Salmon are vital to the economy and culture of First Nations in coastal British Columbia,Canada.In this region,traditional systems of management including weirs-fences built across rivers to selectively harvest salmon-supported sustainable fisheries for millennia.In the late-19th century traditional fishing practices were banned as colonial goverments consolidated control over salmon.Outcomes:In collaboration with the Hei ltsuk First Nation we revived the practice of weir building in the Koeye River.Over the first four years of the project we tagged 1,226 sockeye,and counted 8,036 fish during fall stream walks.We used a mark-recapture model which accounted for both pre-spawn mortality due to variation in temperature,and tag loss,to produce the first mark-resight estimates of sockeye abundance in the watershed(4,600-15,000 escapement).Discussion:High river temperatures are associated with increased en route morality in migrating adult sockeye.We estimated pre-spawn mortality ranged from 8-72%across the four years of study,highlighting the degree to which climate conditions may dictate future viability in sockeye salmon populations.These results demonstrate the power of fusing traditional knowledge and management systems with contemporary scientific approaches in developing local monitoring.展开更多
基金the support received from Chief and Council and administration of Dene Tha’First Nation in carrying out this researchfunding received from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada in the form of the Joseph-Armand Bombardier Canada Graduate Scholarship+6 种基金a Partnership Development Grantthe Queen ElizabethⅡGraduate Scholarshipthe Walter H.Johns Graduate Scholarshipthe Alberta Graduate Student Scholarshipthe Northern Scientific Training Program Grantthe Canadian Circumpolar Institute CBAR Grantthe Eugene Brody Graduate Scholarship。
文摘Almost every year,First Nations are evacuated in Canada because of wildfire proximity and smoke.Dynamics of wildfires,and remote locations,unique sociocultural characteristics,and limited emergency management resources present challenges for evacuation organizers and residents.This study explores how Dene Tha’First Nation evacuated their Tachécommunity in July 2012 due to wildfire smoke and how the evacuation process affected evacuees.Interviews were completed with 31 evacuation organizers and residents to examine the factors that helped and hindered the evacuation process.Lack of information about the nearby wildfire,smoke,and evacuation of the nearby small community of Zama City,combined with a generic evacuation plan,delayed and posed challenges during the evacuation of this Dene Tha’community.Strong leadership and its role in community organizing,keeping families together,providing the social support they needed,and using familiar host communities,demonstrated and contributed to the community’s resilience during the evacuation.Measures to improve evacuations and emergency management in the community and other First Nations in Canada are identified and discussed.
基金The Tula foundation has provided generous funding and technical support through the Hakai Institute.Additional funders include TIDES Canada,the Pacific Salmon Foundation,the Vancouver Foundation,and the McLean Foundation.W.Atlas is supported by a Hakai Research Fellowship,and J.Moore receives funding through the Liber Ero Foundation.
文摘Introduction:The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that indigenous people have a fundamental right to contribute to the management of the resources that support their livelihoods.Salmon are vital to the economy and culture of First Nations in coastal British Columbia,Canada.In this region,traditional systems of management including weirs-fences built across rivers to selectively harvest salmon-supported sustainable fisheries for millennia.In the late-19th century traditional fishing practices were banned as colonial goverments consolidated control over salmon.Outcomes:In collaboration with the Hei ltsuk First Nation we revived the practice of weir building in the Koeye River.Over the first four years of the project we tagged 1,226 sockeye,and counted 8,036 fish during fall stream walks.We used a mark-recapture model which accounted for both pre-spawn mortality due to variation in temperature,and tag loss,to produce the first mark-resight estimates of sockeye abundance in the watershed(4,600-15,000 escapement).Discussion:High river temperatures are associated with increased en route morality in migrating adult sockeye.We estimated pre-spawn mortality ranged from 8-72%across the four years of study,highlighting the degree to which climate conditions may dictate future viability in sockeye salmon populations.These results demonstrate the power of fusing traditional knowledge and management systems with contemporary scientific approaches in developing local monitoring.
