Viscous fingering is one of the main challenges that could reduce areal sweep efficiency during waterflooding in oil reservoirs. A series of waterflooding experiments were carried out in a Hele-Shaw cell at ambient te...Viscous fingering is one of the main challenges that could reduce areal sweep efficiency during waterflooding in oil reservoirs. A series of waterflooding experiments were carried out in a Hele-Shaw cell at ambient temperature during which areal sweep efficiency was estimated and techniques to ease the fingering problem were examined. The onset and propagation of viscous fingers were monitored as a function of both injection rate and injection/production positions. Image processing techniques were utilized to quantitatively investigate the propagation of fingers. The experimental results show that, under specific conditions, increasing the number of finger branches could improve the areal sweep efficiency, whereas growth of a single narrow finger has a negative impact on oil displacement efficiency. According to the obtained results,increasing the injection rate improves the areal sweep efficiency up to a critical rate at which viscous fingers start to grow.The impact of heterogeneity of the medium on distributing the viscous fingers was also investigated by introducing two different arrangements of fractures in the model. The results show that fractures perpendicular to the direction of flow would distribute the displacing water more uniformly, while fractures in the direction of flow would amplify the unfavorable sweep efficiency.展开更多
This research aimed to provide evidenee of a relationship between digit ratio and depression status in the cynomolgus monkey(Macaca fascicularis).In stable cyno molgus mon key social groups,we selected 15 depressed mo...This research aimed to provide evidenee of a relationship between digit ratio and depression status in the cynomolgus monkey(Macaca fascicularis).In stable cyno molgus mon key social groups,we selected 15 depressed monkeys based on depressive-like behavioral criteria and 16 normal control mon keys.All animals were video recorded for two weeks,with the duration and frequency of the core depressive behaviors and 58 other behaviors in 12 behavioral categories then evaluated via behavioral analysis.Fin ger len gths from the right and left forelimb hands of both groups were measured by X-ray imagi ng.Fin ger length and digit ratio comparisons between the two groups were con ducted using Stude nt's Mest.In terms of the durati on of each behavior,signifies nt differences emerged in“Huddling”and five other behavioral categories,including Ingestive,Amicable,Parental,Locomotive,and Resting.In addition to the above five behavioral categories,we found that depressed mon keys spent less time in parental and rubbing back and forth behaviors than the control group.Furthermore,the 4th fin gers were significantly Ion ger in the left and right hands in the control group relative to the depressed mon keys.The sec ond?to?fourth(2D:4D)digit ratio in the left and right forelimb hands was significantly lower in the control group tha n that in the depressed group.Our fin dings revealed significant differences in finger lengths and digit ratios between depressed mon keys and healthy controls,which concords with our view that relatively high fetal testosterone exposure may be a protective factor against developing depressive symptoms(or that low fetal testosterone exposure is a risk factor).展开更多
目的:探究GLI锌指3(GLI3)基因5个位点(rs77640775、rs2051935、rs3823720、rs1125413、rs846266)单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与指长比的关联性。方法:选取宁夏807名汉族大学生(女性405人,男性402人)为研究对象,以数码相机及Image-Pro Plus 6.0...目的:探究GLI锌指3(GLI3)基因5个位点(rs77640775、rs2051935、rs3823720、rs1125413、rs846266)单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与指长比的关联性。方法:选取宁夏807名汉族大学生(女性405人,男性402人)为研究对象,以数码相机及Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像软件分别采集双手照片,并测量示指(2D)和环指(4D)指长,多重PCR法检测GLI3基因5个SNP位点的基因型,单因素方差分析评估示-环指长比(D_(2/4))与GLI3基因多态性的关系。结果:宁夏女大学生左手D_(2/4)(LD_(2/4))、右手D_(2/4)(RD_(2/4))均显著高于男性;男性和女性间GLI3基因5个位点基因型和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义;不同性别GLI3基因5个位点SNPs与双手D_(2/4)间均无显著关联。结论:D_(2/4)在宁夏大学生的分布具有显著性别二态性,暂未发现GLI3基因位点多态性与其形成有关。展开更多
An improved model is described to simulate the viscous fingering phenomenon occurred in oil recovery. The random complicated branch-sheeped pattern has been treated on the principles of fractal geometry and the influe...An improved model is described to simulate the viscous fingering phenomenon occurred in oil recovery. The random complicated branch-sheeped pattern has been treated on the principles of fractal geometry and the influences of the viscocities of the oil phase and water phase,displacing flow rate, spacing between plate glasses and temperature on the viscous fingering phenomenon have been investigated. The results indicate that the mobility ratio of the aqueous polyacrylamide (PAA) solution to oil is the key to controll the viscous fingering phenomenon, and when the mobility ratio is equal to one or less, the phenomenon occurs little.展开更多
基金Shiraz University Enhanced Oil Recovery(EOR)Research Center for the support
文摘Viscous fingering is one of the main challenges that could reduce areal sweep efficiency during waterflooding in oil reservoirs. A series of waterflooding experiments were carried out in a Hele-Shaw cell at ambient temperature during which areal sweep efficiency was estimated and techniques to ease the fingering problem were examined. The onset and propagation of viscous fingers were monitored as a function of both injection rate and injection/production positions. Image processing techniques were utilized to quantitatively investigate the propagation of fingers. The experimental results show that, under specific conditions, increasing the number of finger branches could improve the areal sweep efficiency, whereas growth of a single narrow finger has a negative impact on oil displacement efficiency. According to the obtained results,increasing the injection rate improves the areal sweep efficiency up to a critical rate at which viscous fingers start to grow.The impact of heterogeneity of the medium on distributing the viscous fingers was also investigated by introducing two different arrangements of fractures in the model. The results show that fractures perpendicular to the direction of flow would distribute the displacing water more uniformly, while fractures in the direction of flow would amplify the unfavorable sweep efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(816 01207)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2017YFA 0505700)
文摘This research aimed to provide evidenee of a relationship between digit ratio and depression status in the cynomolgus monkey(Macaca fascicularis).In stable cyno molgus mon key social groups,we selected 15 depressed monkeys based on depressive-like behavioral criteria and 16 normal control mon keys.All animals were video recorded for two weeks,with the duration and frequency of the core depressive behaviors and 58 other behaviors in 12 behavioral categories then evaluated via behavioral analysis.Fin ger len gths from the right and left forelimb hands of both groups were measured by X-ray imagi ng.Fin ger length and digit ratio comparisons between the two groups were con ducted using Stude nt's Mest.In terms of the durati on of each behavior,signifies nt differences emerged in“Huddling”and five other behavioral categories,including Ingestive,Amicable,Parental,Locomotive,and Resting.In addition to the above five behavioral categories,we found that depressed mon keys spent less time in parental and rubbing back and forth behaviors than the control group.Furthermore,the 4th fin gers were significantly Ion ger in the left and right hands in the control group relative to the depressed mon keys.The sec ond?to?fourth(2D:4D)digit ratio in the left and right forelimb hands was significantly lower in the control group tha n that in the depressed group.Our fin dings revealed significant differences in finger lengths and digit ratios between depressed mon keys and healthy controls,which concords with our view that relatively high fetal testosterone exposure may be a protective factor against developing depressive symptoms(or that low fetal testosterone exposure is a risk factor).
文摘目的:探究GLI锌指3(GLI3)基因5个位点(rs77640775、rs2051935、rs3823720、rs1125413、rs846266)单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与指长比的关联性。方法:选取宁夏807名汉族大学生(女性405人,男性402人)为研究对象,以数码相机及Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像软件分别采集双手照片,并测量示指(2D)和环指(4D)指长,多重PCR法检测GLI3基因5个SNP位点的基因型,单因素方差分析评估示-环指长比(D_(2/4))与GLI3基因多态性的关系。结果:宁夏女大学生左手D_(2/4)(LD_(2/4))、右手D_(2/4)(RD_(2/4))均显著高于男性;男性和女性间GLI3基因5个位点基因型和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义;不同性别GLI3基因5个位点SNPs与双手D_(2/4)间均无显著关联。结论:D_(2/4)在宁夏大学生的分布具有显著性别二态性,暂未发现GLI3基因位点多态性与其形成有关。
文摘An improved model is described to simulate the viscous fingering phenomenon occurred in oil recovery. The random complicated branch-sheeped pattern has been treated on the principles of fractal geometry and the influences of the viscocities of the oil phase and water phase,displacing flow rate, spacing between plate glasses and temperature on the viscous fingering phenomenon have been investigated. The results indicate that the mobility ratio of the aqueous polyacrylamide (PAA) solution to oil is the key to controll the viscous fingering phenomenon, and when the mobility ratio is equal to one or less, the phenomenon occurs little.
