As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order t...As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order to address the technical difficulties associated with the failure of filtrate loss reducers under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.In this study,a hydrophobic zwitterionic filtrate loss reducer(PDA)was synthesized based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMAA),2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS),diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DMDAAC),styrene(ST)and a specialty vinyl monomer(A1).When the concentration of PDA was 3%,the FLAPI of PDA-WBDF was 9.8 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 37.8 mL after aging at 240℃for 16 h.In the saturated NaCl environment,the FLAPI of PDA-SWBDF was 4.0 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 32.0 mL after aging at 220℃ for 16 h.Under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions,the combined effect of anti-polyelectrolyte and hydrophobic association allowed PDA to adsorb on the bentonite surface tightly.The sulfonic acid groups of PDA increased the negative electronegativity and the hydration film thickness on bentonite surface,which enhanced the colloidal stability,maintained the flattened lamellar structure of bentonite and formed an appropriate particle size distribution,resulting in the formation of dense mud cakes and reducing the filtration loss effectively.展开更多
The environmental hazards and"carbon footprint"of oil and gas drilling can be significantly reduced by replacing traditional petroleum-based chemical additives with natural materials derived from plants and ...The environmental hazards and"carbon footprint"of oil and gas drilling can be significantly reduced by replacing traditional petroleum-based chemical additives with natural materials derived from plants and animals.This paper explored for the first time the interaction mechanism between natural rubber latex(NRL)and bentonite suspensions(BTs)through a series of characterization experiments,as well as the potential applications in water-based drilling fluids(WBDF).The gel viscoelasticity experiments showed that NRL could decrease the consistency coefficient(k)and flow index(n)of BTs,and enhance the shear thinning performance of BTs as pseudo-plastic fluids.In addition,0.5 w/v%NRL not only increased the critical yield stress and strengthened the structural strength between the bentonite particles,but also facilitated the compatibility of pressure loss and flow efficiency.The evaluation of colloidal stability and WBDF performance indicated that NRL particles could promote the hydration and charge stability on the surface of BTs particles,and optimize the particle size distribution and flow resistance of WBDF under the"intercalation-exfoliation-encapsulation"synergistic interaction.Moreover,NRL can improve the rheological properties of WBDF at high temperatures(<150.C),and form a dense blocking layer by bridging and sealing the pores and cracks of the filter cake,which ultimately reduces the permeability of the cake and the filtration loss of WBDF.展开更多
Water-based drilling muds(WBM)are a very crucial component of the oil and gas industry;however,they often face challenges with inadequate rheological performance and excessive fluid loss.This paper introduces hydroxyp...Water-based drilling muds(WBM)are a very crucial component of the oil and gas industry;however,they often face challenges with inadequate rheological performance and excessive fluid loss.This paper introduces hydroxypropyl guar polymer(HPG)and fly ash(FA)as new additives to regulate the rheological properties and filtration loss of WBM.The primary objectives of this study are to reduce filtration loss,enhance rheological characteristics,reduce clay swelling,improve cutting dispersion,and control barite sag.The experimental procedure involves formulating optimized mud samples by incorporating HPG and FA up to 120℃.The synergistic effect of HPG and FA enhances rheological properties and achieves a 56.52%reduction in filtration loss compared to WBM without additives.Additionally,HPG/FA incorporation resulted in controlling the clay swelling.The swelling dropped from 91.5%to 36.7%compared to the base mud.Shale cuttings recovery in the base fluid was 52.4%after hot rolling at 90℃,60℃,and 40℃ for 16 h and treatment with 0.18%HPG inhibitors improved recovery to 82.1%,54.1%,and 57.2%,respectively.The sag factor remained controlled compared to the base mud,staying within the acceptable range of 0.503-0.521 at both vertical and 45° inclined angles.The WBM with the addition of HPG and FA is more efficient and has enhanced the well integrity and reduced operational costs in the oil and gas industry.展开更多
In deepwater drilling,the properties of water-based drilling fluids change remarkably due to low temperature and high pressure,which have a significant effect on lost circulation,wellbore instability and the window be...In deepwater drilling,the properties of water-based drilling fluids change remarkably due to low temperature and high pressure,which have a significant effect on lost circulation,wellbore instability and the window between pore pressure and fracturing pressure.The present work investigates the influence of low temperature and high pressure on polymer and nanoparticle(boron nitride(BN))based drilling fluids with an aim to improve their rheological properties and fluid loss control.The amplitude and frequency sweep tests were conducted to understand the viscoelastic nature of the samples.The amplitude sweep tests confirmed the structural stability of the designed fluid within the studied sweep frequency.The study reveals that storage modulus(G')and loss modulus(G")of the samples are enhanced with increasing concentration of BN nanoparticles.Their viscoelastic range also increases due to the intermolecular interaction within the structure of the fluid in the presence of the nanoparticles.Within the linear viscoelastic range(LVER),all the samples show the dominance of elastic modulus than viscous modulus which delineates the solid-like behaviour.The results of rheological tests of drilling fluid containing BN nanoparticles indicate a significant reduction in plastic viscosity(PV),yield point(YP)and apparent viscosity(AV).The rheological studies conducted at different temperatures(from 10℃to-5℃)and pressures(from 7.8 MPa toll MPa)reveal the minimum effect of pressure and temperature on the rheology of samples,which are desirable for their applications in hydrate and deepwater drilling.The filtration loss experiments conducted at 30℃and 0.69 MPa show a large reduction in fluid loss volume(60.6%)and filter cake thickness(90%)for the sample with 0.4 wt%BN nano particles compared to that of the sample without nanoparticles.The filter cake permeability is also in the favourable range with0.008 mD which shows a 94%reduction compared to the sample without nanoparticles.A regression model was developed to mathematically describe the experimental results,which demonstrates a good fitting with the statistical data of fluid loss volume,thickness and permeability of the filter cake.展开更多
There have been many attempts to improve the filtration control of water based muds under High Pressure High Temperature(HPHT)condition using a cost effective approach.Nano particles are perhaps the best option consid...There have been many attempts to improve the filtration control of water based muds under High Pressure High Temperature(HPHT)condition using a cost effective approach.Nano particles are perhaps the best option considering their successful applications reported in many studies.However,they are often expensive and pose unfavourably changes on the rheology of the muds.In this paper,an attempt was made to show the application of Nano Glass Flakes(NGFs)as a cheap but effective nano particle to control the filtration of water based muds under HPHT conditions.Performing a series of rheology,filtration and conductivity tests on the mud samples with unmodified NGFs revealed that this nano particle increases the mud rheology,yield point and gel strength of the mud with a slight impact on the filtration loss.However,by modifying the surface charges of NGFs with a cationic surfactant,filtration loss was significantly reduced without any severe impacts on the mud rheology.Considering the conductivity of the mud which increases by adding the modified NGF,this nano particle might be a good choice to improve the overall performance of water based muds under HPHT conditions.展开更多
Colloidal gas aphron(CGA)based fluid has become very popular in drilling in the last two decades,as it reduces formation damages significantly.In this study,sugarcane molasses(Mls)was used for the first time as a poly...Colloidal gas aphron(CGA)based fluid has become very popular in drilling in the last two decades,as it reduces formation damages significantly.In this study,sugarcane molasses(Mls)was used for the first time as a polymer in CGA-based to investigate its ability to improve the role of aphronized fluid as a drilling fluid.The results showed that increasing the concentration of Mls to 12%(v/v)in CGA-based fluid reduces the drainage rate and increases half-life to 10.6 min,resulting in enhanced stability of the aphronized fluid.Also,because of increasing Mls concentration from 1%to 12%(v/v),the yield and the initial gas hold-up decrease to 74%and 299.4 mL,respectively,indicating that the presence of Mls allows less air into the aphron system.Although the rheological properties were improved in this study,the gel strength did not change considerably.Furthermore,the results showed that by increasing the concentration of Mls,the average size of the bubbles decreases,and the particle-size distribution becomes more uniform.Finally,the API filtration test revealed that the higher the Mls concentration in the aphronized fluid,the lower the fluid loss,and at the Mls concentration of 12%(v/v),the fluid loss was estimated at 19.54 mL.A natural polysaccharide with high molecular weight,Mls can be used as a polymer in CGAbased fluid and,thus,improve its performance.展开更多
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas(No.SKLDOG2024-ZYRC-03)supported by the Excellent Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52322401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52288101).
文摘As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order to address the technical difficulties associated with the failure of filtrate loss reducers under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.In this study,a hydrophobic zwitterionic filtrate loss reducer(PDA)was synthesized based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMAA),2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS),diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DMDAAC),styrene(ST)and a specialty vinyl monomer(A1).When the concentration of PDA was 3%,the FLAPI of PDA-WBDF was 9.8 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 37.8 mL after aging at 240℃for 16 h.In the saturated NaCl environment,the FLAPI of PDA-SWBDF was 4.0 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 32.0 mL after aging at 220℃ for 16 h.Under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions,the combined effect of anti-polyelectrolyte and hydrophobic association allowed PDA to adsorb on the bentonite surface tightly.The sulfonic acid groups of PDA increased the negative electronegativity and the hydration film thickness on bentonite surface,which enhanced the colloidal stability,maintained the flattened lamellar structure of bentonite and formed an appropriate particle size distribution,resulting in the formation of dense mud cakes and reducing the filtration loss effectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51991361 and Grant No.51874329)。
文摘The environmental hazards and"carbon footprint"of oil and gas drilling can be significantly reduced by replacing traditional petroleum-based chemical additives with natural materials derived from plants and animals.This paper explored for the first time the interaction mechanism between natural rubber latex(NRL)and bentonite suspensions(BTs)through a series of characterization experiments,as well as the potential applications in water-based drilling fluids(WBDF).The gel viscoelasticity experiments showed that NRL could decrease the consistency coefficient(k)and flow index(n)of BTs,and enhance the shear thinning performance of BTs as pseudo-plastic fluids.In addition,0.5 w/v%NRL not only increased the critical yield stress and strengthened the structural strength between the bentonite particles,but also facilitated the compatibility of pressure loss and flow efficiency.The evaluation of colloidal stability and WBDF performance indicated that NRL particles could promote the hydration and charge stability on the surface of BTs particles,and optimize the particle size distribution and flow resistance of WBDF under the"intercalation-exfoliation-encapsulation"synergistic interaction.Moreover,NRL can improve the rheological properties of WBDF at high temperatures(<150.C),and form a dense blocking layer by bridging and sealing the pores and cracks of the filter cake,which ultimately reduces the permeability of the cake and the filtration loss of WBDF.
文摘Water-based drilling muds(WBM)are a very crucial component of the oil and gas industry;however,they often face challenges with inadequate rheological performance and excessive fluid loss.This paper introduces hydroxypropyl guar polymer(HPG)and fly ash(FA)as new additives to regulate the rheological properties and filtration loss of WBM.The primary objectives of this study are to reduce filtration loss,enhance rheological characteristics,reduce clay swelling,improve cutting dispersion,and control barite sag.The experimental procedure involves formulating optimized mud samples by incorporating HPG and FA up to 120℃.The synergistic effect of HPG and FA enhances rheological properties and achieves a 56.52%reduction in filtration loss compared to WBM without additives.Additionally,HPG/FA incorporation resulted in controlling the clay swelling.The swelling dropped from 91.5%to 36.7%compared to the base mud.Shale cuttings recovery in the base fluid was 52.4%after hot rolling at 90℃,60℃,and 40℃ for 16 h and treatment with 0.18%HPG inhibitors improved recovery to 82.1%,54.1%,and 57.2%,respectively.The sag factor remained controlled compared to the base mud,staying within the acceptable range of 0.503-0.521 at both vertical and 45° inclined angles.The WBM with the addition of HPG and FA is more efficient and has enhanced the well integrity and reduced operational costs in the oil and gas industry.
基金financial assistance provided by Earth System Science Organization,Ministry of Earth Sciences,Government of India,New Delhi(Mo ES/36/OOIS/Extra/65/2016)SERB(DST),New Delhi to the Department of Petroleum Engineering,Indian Institute of Technology(ISM),Dhanbad,India。
文摘In deepwater drilling,the properties of water-based drilling fluids change remarkably due to low temperature and high pressure,which have a significant effect on lost circulation,wellbore instability and the window between pore pressure and fracturing pressure.The present work investigates the influence of low temperature and high pressure on polymer and nanoparticle(boron nitride(BN))based drilling fluids with an aim to improve their rheological properties and fluid loss control.The amplitude and frequency sweep tests were conducted to understand the viscoelastic nature of the samples.The amplitude sweep tests confirmed the structural stability of the designed fluid within the studied sweep frequency.The study reveals that storage modulus(G')and loss modulus(G")of the samples are enhanced with increasing concentration of BN nanoparticles.Their viscoelastic range also increases due to the intermolecular interaction within the structure of the fluid in the presence of the nanoparticles.Within the linear viscoelastic range(LVER),all the samples show the dominance of elastic modulus than viscous modulus which delineates the solid-like behaviour.The results of rheological tests of drilling fluid containing BN nanoparticles indicate a significant reduction in plastic viscosity(PV),yield point(YP)and apparent viscosity(AV).The rheological studies conducted at different temperatures(from 10℃to-5℃)and pressures(from 7.8 MPa toll MPa)reveal the minimum effect of pressure and temperature on the rheology of samples,which are desirable for their applications in hydrate and deepwater drilling.The filtration loss experiments conducted at 30℃and 0.69 MPa show a large reduction in fluid loss volume(60.6%)and filter cake thickness(90%)for the sample with 0.4 wt%BN nano particles compared to that of the sample without nanoparticles.The filter cake permeability is also in the favourable range with0.008 mD which shows a 94%reduction compared to the sample without nanoparticles.A regression model was developed to mathematically describe the experimental results,which demonstrates a good fitting with the statistical data of fluid loss volume,thickness and permeability of the filter cake.
文摘There have been many attempts to improve the filtration control of water based muds under High Pressure High Temperature(HPHT)condition using a cost effective approach.Nano particles are perhaps the best option considering their successful applications reported in many studies.However,they are often expensive and pose unfavourably changes on the rheology of the muds.In this paper,an attempt was made to show the application of Nano Glass Flakes(NGFs)as a cheap but effective nano particle to control the filtration of water based muds under HPHT conditions.Performing a series of rheology,filtration and conductivity tests on the mud samples with unmodified NGFs revealed that this nano particle increases the mud rheology,yield point and gel strength of the mud with a slight impact on the filtration loss.However,by modifying the surface charges of NGFs with a cationic surfactant,filtration loss was significantly reduced without any severe impacts on the mud rheology.Considering the conductivity of the mud which increases by adding the modified NGF,this nano particle might be a good choice to improve the overall performance of water based muds under HPHT conditions.
文摘Colloidal gas aphron(CGA)based fluid has become very popular in drilling in the last two decades,as it reduces formation damages significantly.In this study,sugarcane molasses(Mls)was used for the first time as a polymer in CGA-based to investigate its ability to improve the role of aphronized fluid as a drilling fluid.The results showed that increasing the concentration of Mls to 12%(v/v)in CGA-based fluid reduces the drainage rate and increases half-life to 10.6 min,resulting in enhanced stability of the aphronized fluid.Also,because of increasing Mls concentration from 1%to 12%(v/v),the yield and the initial gas hold-up decrease to 74%and 299.4 mL,respectively,indicating that the presence of Mls allows less air into the aphron system.Although the rheological properties were improved in this study,the gel strength did not change considerably.Furthermore,the results showed that by increasing the concentration of Mls,the average size of the bubbles decreases,and the particle-size distribution becomes more uniform.Finally,the API filtration test revealed that the higher the Mls concentration in the aphronized fluid,the lower the fluid loss,and at the Mls concentration of 12%(v/v),the fluid loss was estimated at 19.54 mL.A natural polysaccharide with high molecular weight,Mls can be used as a polymer in CGAbased fluid and,thus,improve its performance.
