Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that universities should address fundamental issues such as what kind of people does education cultivate.A ...Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that universities should address fundamental issues such as what kind of people does education cultivate.A series of documents also emphasize the comprehensive integration of curriculum ideological and political education into the teaching of higher education majors.As an important practical teaching link of biology and related undergraduate majors,field practice of zoology and botany provides an opportunity for curriculum ideological and political integration.This paper analyzed the teaching cases of field practice of zoology and botany in universities in China,and explored curriculum ideological and political elements,including patriotism education,cultivation of sustainable development and ecological civilization consciousness,cultivation of scientific spirit and innovation consciousness,cultivation of unity and cooperation spirit,cultivation of hard work spirit through labor education,life education,cultivation of safety consciousness and cultivation of humanistic quality.Furthermore,this paper expounded the important role of field practice in improving students comprehensive quality,and put forward that we should pay attention to ideological and political construction of field practice of zoology and botany in the future,and make contributions to the cause of higher education and ecological civilization construction in China.展开更多
Based on the technological demands for significantly enhancing oil recovery and long-term CO_(2)sequestration in the lacustrine oil reservoirs of China,this study systematically reviews the progress and practices of C...Based on the technological demands for significantly enhancing oil recovery and long-term CO_(2)sequestration in the lacustrine oil reservoirs of China,this study systematically reviews the progress and practices of CO_(2)flooding and storage technologies in recent years.It addresses the key technological needs and challenges faced in scaling up the application of CO_(2)flooding and storage to mature,developed oil fields,and analyzes future development directions.During the pilot test phase(2006-2019),continuous development and application practices led to the establishment of the first-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technology system for lacustrine reservoirs.In the industrialization phase(since 2020),significant advances and insights have been achieved in terms of confined phase behavior,storage mechanisms,reservoir engineering,sweep control,engineering process and storage monitoring,enabling the maturation of the second-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage theories and technologies to effectively support the demonstration projects of Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage(CCUS).To overcome key technical issues such as low miscibility,difficulty in gas channeling control,high process requirements,limited application scenarios,and coordination challenges in CO_(2)flooding and storage,and to support the large-scale application of CCUS,it is necessary to strengthen research on key technologies for establishing the third-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technological system incorporating miscibility enhancement and transformation,comprehensive regulation for sweep enhancement,whole-process engineering techniques and equipment,long-term storage monitoring safety,and synergistic optimization of flooding and storage.展开更多
With the deep development of tight sand gas reservoirs,problems such as short stable production period and quick production decline of gas wells after fracturing have become increasingly prominent.Consequently,there i...With the deep development of tight sand gas reservoirs,problems such as short stable production period and quick production decline of gas wells after fracturing have become increasingly prominent.Consequently,there is an increasing demand for the effective penetration and conductivity of artificial fractures.Impulse sand fracturing technology introduces a concept of discrete multilayer sanding inside fractures;joint application of pulse blender which can be switched at high frequency,intensive multi-cluster perforation and special fibrous material made it possible to ensure the flow stability of proppant slug,and placement of nonuniformly-laid sand pinnacles and grooves,which markedly upgraded the capacity of the fracture conductivity to several orders of magnitude more than the conventional method.Laboratory engineering simulation evaluation and field test show that pre-fracturing reservoir evaluation,pulse time design and the optimization of degradable fiber and support equipment are the keys to the success of impulse sand fracturing.Compared with the conventional fracturing,this technique can effectively increase well production,decrease the volume of fracturing proppant,and lower sand plugging risks.An independent sand fracturing pilot test has been conducted in 6 layers of 3 wells for the first time in Block Tao 7 of the Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin,as a result,the average volume of fracturing proppant dropped by 28.3%,the average sand intensity dropped by 21.88%,and the post-fracturing average daily gas output increased by 26.8%.This technology provides an efficient and environmentally friendly reservoir stimulation option for tight sand gas reservoirs in China.展开更多
Crop production is strategic for food security and climate change mitigation,and can provide a temporary soil carbon sink.There is an ongoing debate about how to optimize crop production in China toward carbon-neutral...Crop production is strategic for food security and climate change mitigation,and can provide a temporary soil carbon sink.There is an ongoing debate about how to optimize crop production in China toward carbon-neutral agriculture.This paper summarizes major carbon budgets in staple crop production in China over recent decades,synthesize reported impacts of available and developing field management practices on greenhouse gas emissions reduction and carbon sink increase.According to recent studies,cropland-based GHG emissions(55%N_(2)O and 44%CH_(4))increased at a rate of 4.3 Tg·yr^(-1) CO_(2)-eq from 1990 to 2015 and peaked at 400 Tg CO_(2)-eq in 2015.Subsequently,there was a substantial decrease of 11.6 Tg·yr^(-1) CO_(2)-eq between 2015 and 2021.A similar bell-shape trend has been observed in yieldscaled GHG emission intensity over the years for cereals excluding rice,as rice exhibited a steady decline in yield-scaled emission intensity since 1961.For soil C in Chinese cropland,topsoil C represents a huge C pool,containing 5.5 Pg of soil organic carbon(SOC)and 2.4 Pg of soil inorganic carbon(SIC).However,these densities are relatively low globally,indicating a high C sequestration potential.Soil C in cropland has been a weak sink of 5.3 Tg·yr^(-1) C in China since the 1980s,resulting from the net effect of SOC sequestration(21.3 Tg·yr^(-1) C)and SIC loss(^(-1)6 Tg·yr^(-1) C),which only offsets 5.7% of simultaneous cropland GHG emissions.Hence,cropland remains consistent and significant GHG sources,even when considering soil C sequestration and excluding related industrial and energy sectors.Fortunately,many reliable management practices have positive effects on emission intensity of crop production,in terms of fertilizer application,irrigation and tillage.However,the path to achieving carbon neutrality in China’s cropland is still uncertain and requires further quantitative assessment.Nonetheless,this synthesis highlights that the huge potential,and strong scientific and technical support in low-carbon crop production,for modifying China’s food system.展开更多
基金Supported by Teaching and Research Project of Yangtze University(JY2022047).
文摘Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that universities should address fundamental issues such as what kind of people does education cultivate.A series of documents also emphasize the comprehensive integration of curriculum ideological and political education into the teaching of higher education majors.As an important practical teaching link of biology and related undergraduate majors,field practice of zoology and botany provides an opportunity for curriculum ideological and political integration.This paper analyzed the teaching cases of field practice of zoology and botany in universities in China,and explored curriculum ideological and political elements,including patriotism education,cultivation of sustainable development and ecological civilization consciousness,cultivation of scientific spirit and innovation consciousness,cultivation of unity and cooperation spirit,cultivation of hard work spirit through labor education,life education,cultivation of safety consciousness and cultivation of humanistic quality.Furthermore,this paper expounded the important role of field practice in improving students comprehensive quality,and put forward that we should pay attention to ideological and political construction of field practice of zoology and botany in the future,and make contributions to the cause of higher education and ecological civilization construction in China.
基金Supported by the China National Key R&D Program(2023YFF0614100)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2024ZD14066)+1 种基金Major Project of PetroChina Company Limited(2021ZZ01)Key R&D Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(2024B03001).
文摘Based on the technological demands for significantly enhancing oil recovery and long-term CO_(2)sequestration in the lacustrine oil reservoirs of China,this study systematically reviews the progress and practices of CO_(2)flooding and storage technologies in recent years.It addresses the key technological needs and challenges faced in scaling up the application of CO_(2)flooding and storage to mature,developed oil fields,and analyzes future development directions.During the pilot test phase(2006-2019),continuous development and application practices led to the establishment of the first-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technology system for lacustrine reservoirs.In the industrialization phase(since 2020),significant advances and insights have been achieved in terms of confined phase behavior,storage mechanisms,reservoir engineering,sweep control,engineering process and storage monitoring,enabling the maturation of the second-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage theories and technologies to effectively support the demonstration projects of Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage(CCUS).To overcome key technical issues such as low miscibility,difficulty in gas channeling control,high process requirements,limited application scenarios,and coordination challenges in CO_(2)flooding and storage,and to support the large-scale application of CCUS,it is necessary to strengthen research on key technologies for establishing the third-generation CO_(2)flooding and storage technological system incorporating miscibility enhancement and transformation,comprehensive regulation for sweep enhancement,whole-process engineering techniques and equipment,long-term storage monitoring safety,and synergistic optimization of flooding and storage.
基金Scientific Research and Technical Development Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)(Grant No.2014B-1713).
文摘With the deep development of tight sand gas reservoirs,problems such as short stable production period and quick production decline of gas wells after fracturing have become increasingly prominent.Consequently,there is an increasing demand for the effective penetration and conductivity of artificial fractures.Impulse sand fracturing technology introduces a concept of discrete multilayer sanding inside fractures;joint application of pulse blender which can be switched at high frequency,intensive multi-cluster perforation and special fibrous material made it possible to ensure the flow stability of proppant slug,and placement of nonuniformly-laid sand pinnacles and grooves,which markedly upgraded the capacity of the fracture conductivity to several orders of magnitude more than the conventional method.Laboratory engineering simulation evaluation and field test show that pre-fracturing reservoir evaluation,pulse time design and the optimization of degradable fiber and support equipment are the keys to the success of impulse sand fracturing.Compared with the conventional fracturing,this technique can effectively increase well production,decrease the volume of fracturing proppant,and lower sand plugging risks.An independent sand fracturing pilot test has been conducted in 6 layers of 3 wells for the first time in Block Tao 7 of the Sulige Gasfield,Ordos Basin,as a result,the average volume of fracturing proppant dropped by 28.3%,the average sand intensity dropped by 21.88%,and the post-fracturing average daily gas output increased by 26.8%.This technology provides an efficient and environmentally friendly reservoir stimulation option for tight sand gas reservoirs in China.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107111,41425007,31988102)Chinese State Key Special Program on Severe Air Pollution Mitigation(DQGG0208)High-level Team Project of China Agricultural University(Xuejun Liu).
文摘Crop production is strategic for food security and climate change mitigation,and can provide a temporary soil carbon sink.There is an ongoing debate about how to optimize crop production in China toward carbon-neutral agriculture.This paper summarizes major carbon budgets in staple crop production in China over recent decades,synthesize reported impacts of available and developing field management practices on greenhouse gas emissions reduction and carbon sink increase.According to recent studies,cropland-based GHG emissions(55%N_(2)O and 44%CH_(4))increased at a rate of 4.3 Tg·yr^(-1) CO_(2)-eq from 1990 to 2015 and peaked at 400 Tg CO_(2)-eq in 2015.Subsequently,there was a substantial decrease of 11.6 Tg·yr^(-1) CO_(2)-eq between 2015 and 2021.A similar bell-shape trend has been observed in yieldscaled GHG emission intensity over the years for cereals excluding rice,as rice exhibited a steady decline in yield-scaled emission intensity since 1961.For soil C in Chinese cropland,topsoil C represents a huge C pool,containing 5.5 Pg of soil organic carbon(SOC)and 2.4 Pg of soil inorganic carbon(SIC).However,these densities are relatively low globally,indicating a high C sequestration potential.Soil C in cropland has been a weak sink of 5.3 Tg·yr^(-1) C in China since the 1980s,resulting from the net effect of SOC sequestration(21.3 Tg·yr^(-1) C)and SIC loss(^(-1)6 Tg·yr^(-1) C),which only offsets 5.7% of simultaneous cropland GHG emissions.Hence,cropland remains consistent and significant GHG sources,even when considering soil C sequestration and excluding related industrial and energy sectors.Fortunately,many reliable management practices have positive effects on emission intensity of crop production,in terms of fertilizer application,irrigation and tillage.However,the path to achieving carbon neutrality in China’s cropland is still uncertain and requires further quantitative assessment.Nonetheless,this synthesis highlights that the huge potential,and strong scientific and technical support in low-carbon crop production,for modifying China’s food system.
