A multi-channel retarding field analyzer（MC-RFA） including two RFA modules and two Langmuir probes to measure the ion and electron temperature profiles within the scrape-off layer was developed for investigations of...A multi-channel retarding field analyzer（MC-RFA） including two RFA modules and two Langmuir probes to measure the ion and electron temperature profiles within the scrape-off layer was developed for investigations of the interplay between magnetic topology and plasma transport at the plasma boundary.The MC-RFA probe for the stellarator W7-X and first measurements at the tokamak EAST was designed.The probe head allows simultaneous multichannel ion temperature as well as for electron temperature measurements.The usability for radial correlation measurements of the measured ion currents is also given.展开更多
Radial profiles of the ion temperature,Ti,have been measured by a double-sided retarding field analyzer（RFA） in the scrape-off layer（SOL） of the J-TEXT tokamak（R = 105 cm,r = 25-29 cm,Bt = 1.8-2.0 T,Ip = 120-180 ...Radial profiles of the ion temperature,Ti,have been measured by a double-sided retarding field analyzer（RFA） in the scrape-off layer（SOL） of the J-TEXT tokamak（R = 105 cm,r = 25-29 cm,Bt = 1.8-2.0 T,Ip = 120-180 kA,ne =（2-2.5） × 10^19 m^-3）.Strongly declining Ti profiles in the SOL have been found.The different e-folding lengths,At,of the Ti profiles in two experimental configurations with different magnetic connection lengths,Lc,reveal that a longer Lc results in weaker parallel energy transport and longer At.In similarity with the particle transport across the SOL,At is approximately proportional to the square root of Lc.Additionally,the poloidal asymmetry has been identified with enhanced ion energy transport across the SOL on the low-field side.展开更多
AIM:To validate the ability of the Heidelberg Edge Perimeter(HEP)in detecting glaucomatous visual field(VF)defects compared to the Octopus Visual Field(OVF)Analyzer and to determine the test-retest repeatability of bo...AIM:To validate the ability of the Heidelberg Edge Perimeter(HEP)in detecting glaucomatous visual field(VF)defects compared to the Octopus Visual Field(OVF)Analyzer and to determine the test-retest repeatability of both modalities.METHODS:This prospective,cross-sectional study was conducted at Wills Eye Hospital,Philadelphia,PA.Glaucoma subjects and unaffected controls underwent VF testing using HEP standard automated perimetry(SAP)Ⅲ30-2 Adaptive Staircase Thresholding Algorithm(ASTA)FAST protocol and OVF G-TOP white-on-white strategy.Testing order was randomized.Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated for both mean deviation(MD)and pattern standard deviation/square root of loss of variance(PSD/s LV).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to determine the diagnostic abilities of both modalities.Glaucoma subjects returned for repeat testing and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)were calculated to assess test-retest repeatability.RESULTS:Seventy-nine subjects with glaucoma and 36 unaffected controls were enrolled.HEP and OVF were significantly correlated for both MD(r=-0.84;P<0.01)and PSD/s LV(r=0.79;P<0.01).Areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)were also comparable between HEP and OVF for both MD(0.74 and 0.79,respectively;P=0.26)and PSD/sL V(0.74 and 0.82;P=0.08).ICC was high for both HEP(0.96 for MD,0.95 for PSD/s LV)and OVF(0.82 and 0.88,respectively).Mean test duration(min)was significantly shorter for OVF(2.63)compared to HEP(5.15;P<0.01).CONCLUSION:HEP and OVF show strong correlation for both MD and PSD/s LV,and have similar validity for detecting glaucoma.The test-retest repeatability is high for both HEP and OVF,however the average testing duration of HEP is significantly longer than that of OVF.展开更多
AIM：To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer（ORA） in normal tension glaucoma（NTG） patients with different visual field（VF） progression speed. METHODS：NTG patients ...AIM：To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer（ORA） in normal tension glaucoma（NTG） patients with different visual field（VF） progression speed. METHODS：NTG patients with well-controlled Goldmann applanation tonometer（GAT） who routinely consulted Kitasato University Hospital Glaucoma Department between January 2010 and February 2014 were enrolled.GAT and ORA parameters including corneal compensated intraocular pressure（lOPcc）,Goldmann estimated intraocular pressure（lOPg）,corneal hysteresis（CH）,corneal resistance factor（CRF） were recorded.VF was tested by Swedish interactive threshold algorithm（SITA）-standard 30-2 fields.All patients underwent VF measurement regularly and GAT did not exceed 15 mm Hg at any time during the 3y follow up.Patients were divided into four groups according to VF change over 3y,and ORA findings were compared between the upper 25th percentile group（slow progression group） and the lower 25th percentile group（rapid progression group）.RESULTS：Eighty-two eyes of 56 patients were studied.There were 21 eyes（21 patients） each in rapid and slow progression groups respectively.GAT,lOPcc,lOPg,CH,CRF were 12.1＋1.4 mm Hg,15.8±1.8 mm Hg,12.8±2.0 mm Hg,8.4±1.1 mm Hg,7.9±1.3 mm Hg respectively in rapid progression group and 11.5±1.3 mm Hg,13.5±2.1 mm Hg,11.2±1.6 mm Hg,9.3±1.1 mm Hg,8.2±0.9 mm Hg respectively in slow progression group（P=0.214,〈0.001,0.007,0.017,0.413,respectively）.In bivariate correlation analysis,lOPcc,lOPcc-GAT and CH were significant correlated with m△MD（r =-0.292,-0.312,0.228 respectively,P =0.008,0.004,0.039 respectively）.CONCLUSION：Relatively rapid VF progression occurred in NTG patients whose lOPcc are rather high,CH are rather low and the difference between lOPcc and GAT are relatively large.Higher lOPcc and lower CH are associated with VF progression in NTG patients.This study suggests that GAT measures might underestimate the IOP in such patients.展开更多
Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and d...Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion research.On the J-TEXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma parameters in the edge region under various poloidal divertor and island divertor configurations.The edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has been determined,which gradually decreases as the SOL ion self-collisionality,v_(SOL)*,increases.This is broadly consistent with what has been observed previously from various tokamak experiments.However,the comparison of experimental results under different configurations shows that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the same v_(SOL)*,τ_(i/e) in the SOL region becomes smaller as the distance from the X-point to the target plate increases.In the island divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is higher than that near the X-point at the same v_(SOL)*,and both are higher than those in the limiter configuration.These results suggest that the magnetic configuration plays a critical role in the energy distributions between electrons and ions at the plasma boundary.展开更多
The general computer-aided design （CAD） software cannot meet the mould design requirement of the autoclave process for composites, because many parameters such as temperature and pressure should be considered in the...The general computer-aided design （CAD） software cannot meet the mould design requirement of the autoclave process for composites, because many parameters such as temperature and pressure should be considered in the mould design process, in addition to the material and geometry of the part. A framed-mould computer-aided design system （FMCAD） used in the autoclave moulding process is proposed in this paper. A function model of the software is presented, in which influence factors such as part structure, mould structure, and process parameters are considered; a design model of the software is established using object oriented （O-O） technology to integrate the stiffness calculation, temperature field calculation, and deformation field calculation of mould in the design, and in the design model, a hybrid model of mould based on calculation feature and form feature is presented to support those calculations. A prototype system is developed, in which a mould design process wizard is built to integrate the input information, calculation, analysis, data storage, display, and design results of mould design. Finally, three design examples are used to verify the prototype.展开更多
基金funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No.633053supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China under Contracts No.20113GB106003
文摘A multi-channel retarding field analyzer（MC-RFA） including two RFA modules and two Langmuir probes to measure the ion and electron temperature profiles within the scrape-off layer was developed for investigations of the interplay between magnetic topology and plasma transport at the plasma boundary.The MC-RFA probe for the stellarator W7-X and first measurements at the tokamak EAST was designed.The probe head allows simultaneous multichannel ion temperature as well as for electron temperature measurements.The usability for radial correlation measurements of the measured ion currents is also given.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11305070)the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2013GB106001)the Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment,the CSA/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘Radial profiles of the ion temperature,Ti,have been measured by a double-sided retarding field analyzer（RFA） in the scrape-off layer（SOL） of the J-TEXT tokamak（R = 105 cm,r = 25-29 cm,Bt = 1.8-2.0 T,Ip = 120-180 kA,ne =（2-2.5） × 10^19 m^-3）.Strongly declining Ti profiles in the SOL have been found.The different e-folding lengths,At,of the Ti profiles in two experimental configurations with different magnetic connection lengths,Lc,reveal that a longer Lc results in weaker parallel energy transport and longer At.In similarity with the particle transport across the SOL,At is approximately proportional to the square root of Lc.Additionally,the poloidal asymmetry has been identified with enhanced ion energy transport across the SOL on the low-field side.
基金Supported by Wills Eye Innovation Grant#WEF15064
文摘AIM:To validate the ability of the Heidelberg Edge Perimeter(HEP)in detecting glaucomatous visual field(VF)defects compared to the Octopus Visual Field(OVF)Analyzer and to determine the test-retest repeatability of both modalities.METHODS:This prospective,cross-sectional study was conducted at Wills Eye Hospital,Philadelphia,PA.Glaucoma subjects and unaffected controls underwent VF testing using HEP standard automated perimetry(SAP)Ⅲ30-2 Adaptive Staircase Thresholding Algorithm(ASTA)FAST protocol and OVF G-TOP white-on-white strategy.Testing order was randomized.Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated for both mean deviation(MD)and pattern standard deviation/square root of loss of variance(PSD/s LV).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to determine the diagnostic abilities of both modalities.Glaucoma subjects returned for repeat testing and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)were calculated to assess test-retest repeatability.RESULTS:Seventy-nine subjects with glaucoma and 36 unaffected controls were enrolled.HEP and OVF were significantly correlated for both MD(r=-0.84;P<0.01)and PSD/s LV(r=0.79;P<0.01).Areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)were also comparable between HEP and OVF for both MD(0.74 and 0.79,respectively;P=0.26)and PSD/sL V(0.74 and 0.82;P=0.08).ICC was high for both HEP(0.96 for MD,0.95 for PSD/s LV)and OVF(0.82 and 0.88,respectively).Mean test duration(min)was significantly shorter for OVF(2.63)compared to HEP(5.15;P<0.01).CONCLUSION:HEP and OVF show strong correlation for both MD and PSD/s LV,and have similar validity for detecting glaucoma.The test-retest repeatability is high for both HEP and OVF,however the average testing duration of HEP is significantly longer than that of OVF.
文摘AIM：To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer（ORA） in normal tension glaucoma（NTG） patients with different visual field（VF） progression speed. METHODS：NTG patients with well-controlled Goldmann applanation tonometer（GAT） who routinely consulted Kitasato University Hospital Glaucoma Department between January 2010 and February 2014 were enrolled.GAT and ORA parameters including corneal compensated intraocular pressure（lOPcc）,Goldmann estimated intraocular pressure（lOPg）,corneal hysteresis（CH）,corneal resistance factor（CRF） were recorded.VF was tested by Swedish interactive threshold algorithm（SITA）-standard 30-2 fields.All patients underwent VF measurement regularly and GAT did not exceed 15 mm Hg at any time during the 3y follow up.Patients were divided into four groups according to VF change over 3y,and ORA findings were compared between the upper 25th percentile group（slow progression group） and the lower 25th percentile group（rapid progression group）.RESULTS：Eighty-two eyes of 56 patients were studied.There were 21 eyes（21 patients） each in rapid and slow progression groups respectively.GAT,lOPcc,lOPg,CH,CRF were 12.1＋1.4 mm Hg,15.8±1.8 mm Hg,12.8±2.0 mm Hg,8.4±1.1 mm Hg,7.9±1.3 mm Hg respectively in rapid progression group and 11.5±1.3 mm Hg,13.5±2.1 mm Hg,11.2±1.6 mm Hg,9.3±1.1 mm Hg,8.2±0.9 mm Hg respectively in slow progression group（P=0.214,〈0.001,0.007,0.017,0.413,respectively）.In bivariate correlation analysis,lOPcc,lOPcc-GAT and CH were significant correlated with m△MD（r =-0.292,-0.312,0.228 respectively,P =0.008,0.004,0.039 respectively）.CONCLUSION：Relatively rapid VF progression occurred in NTG patients whose lOPcc are rather high,CH are rather low and the difference between lOPcc and GAT are relatively large.Higher lOPcc and lower CH are associated with VF progression in NTG patients.This study suggests that GAT measures might underestimate the IOP in such patients.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy R&D Program of China (No.2018YFE0309100)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51821005)。
文摘Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion research.On the J-TEXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma parameters in the edge region under various poloidal divertor and island divertor configurations.The edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has been determined,which gradually decreases as the SOL ion self-collisionality,v_(SOL)*,increases.This is broadly consistent with what has been observed previously from various tokamak experiments.However,the comparison of experimental results under different configurations shows that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the same v_(SOL)*,τ_(i/e) in the SOL region becomes smaller as the distance from the X-point to the target plate increases.In the island divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is higher than that near the X-point at the same v_(SOL)*,and both are higher than those in the limiter configuration.These results suggest that the magnetic configuration plays a critical role in the energy distributions between electrons and ions at the plasma boundary.
文摘The general computer-aided design （CAD） software cannot meet the mould design requirement of the autoclave process for composites, because many parameters such as temperature and pressure should be considered in the mould design process, in addition to the material and geometry of the part. A framed-mould computer-aided design system （FMCAD） used in the autoclave moulding process is proposed in this paper. A function model of the software is presented, in which influence factors such as part structure, mould structure, and process parameters are considered; a design model of the software is established using object oriented （O-O） technology to integrate the stiffness calculation, temperature field calculation, and deformation field calculation of mould in the design, and in the design model, a hybrid model of mould based on calculation feature and form feature is presented to support those calculations. A prototype system is developed, in which a mould design process wizard is built to integrate the input information, calculation, analysis, data storage, display, and design results of mould design. Finally, three design examples are used to verify the prototype.
