Replacing soybean meal(SBM)in broiler diets with only other plant-based protein-rich ingredients or only non-bound amino acids(NBAA)may compromise growth performance in broiler chickens.However,combining both to repla...Replacing soybean meal(SBM)in broiler diets with only other plant-based protein-rich ingredients or only non-bound amino acids(NBAA)may compromise growth performance in broiler chickens.However,combining both to replace SBM may be feasible while maintaining broiler performance.A 3×2 full factorial designed experiment was conducted to include three levels of SBM inclusions(conventional,medium,and low/nil)and with supplementation of field peas or not(50,80,100,and 120 g/kg in the starter,grower,finisher,and withdrawal phases,respectively).The variation of SBM inclusions in the diets led to changes in NBAA inclusions and total dietary crude protein.Each diet was offered to 10 replicates of 5 birds per bioassay cage,totaling 300 straight-run,Ross 308 broilers,from 0 to 42 days post-hatch.From 0 to 10 days post-hatch,medium inclusion of SBM reduced feed conversion ratio(FCR)compared to conventional SBM inclusions(1.171 versus 1.129,P=0.044).From 0 to 24 days post-hatch,pea inclusions improved the body weight gain by 2.08%(1371 versus 1343 g/bird;P=0.038)and reduced FCR from 1.297 to 1.276(P<0.001)regardless of dietary SBM inclusion levels.Similarly,from 0 to 35 days post-hatch,pea inclusion increased body weight gain from 2632 to 2731 g/bird(P=0.001)and reduced FCR from 1.405 to 1.369(P<0.001).Overall from 0 to 42 days,field peas inclusion improved body weight gain by 2.87%(3421 versus 3519 g/bird,P=0.025),and reduced FCR by 3.1 points(1.518 versus 1.487,P=0.024)regardless of SBM inclusion levels from 0 to 42 days post-hatch.Dietary treatment did not influence carcass yield and energy utilisation(P>0.05).From 27 to 29 days,broiler chickens offered diets containing the standard SBM inclusion generated the lowest total tract nitrogen retention regardless of pea inclusion rates(P=0.001).Reducing SBM inclusions,which corresponded with a reduction in dietary crude protein,increased apparent distal jejunal and ileal protein(N)digestibility coefficients(P<0.05)and total tract nitrogen retention(P=0.001),regardless of field pea inclusion.Diets containing the least SBM had increased apparent distal ileal digestibility coefficients of valine,glycine and proline(7.07%)compared to the conventional diets(P<0.05).In conclusion,replacing SBM with 5%-12%field peas and NBAAs in wheat-based broiler diets to achieve a 20 g/kg dietary CP reduction did not compromise growth performance in broiler chickens.The mechanism by which peas enhanced growth performance is unclear,as the inclusion of peas in the present study did not alter the starch digestion rate.展开更多
Field pea （Pisum sativum var. arvense L.） is an important legume crop around the world. It produces grains with high protein content and can improve the amount of available nitrogen in the soil. Aphanomyces root rot...Field pea （Pisum sativum var. arvense L.） is an important legume crop around the world. It produces grains with high protein content and can improve the amount of available nitrogen in the soil. Aphanomyces root rot （ARR）, caused by the soil-borne oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs. （A. euteiches）, is a major threat to pea production in many pea-growing regions including Canada; it can cause severe root damage, wilting, and considerable yield losses under wet soil conditions. Traditional disease management strategies, such as crop rotations and seed treatments, cannot fully prevent ARR under conditions conducive for the disease, due to the longevity of the pathogen oospores, which can infect field pea plants at any growth stage. The development of pea cultivars with partial resistance or tolerance to ARR may be a promising approach to analyze the variability and physiologic specialization ofA. euteiches in field pea and to improve the management of this disease. As such, the detection of quantitative trait loci （QTL） for resistance is essential to field pea-breeding programs. In this paper, the pathogenic characteristics of A. euteiches are reviewed along with various ARR management strategies and the QTL associated with partial resistance to ARR.展开更多
The aim of this study was to determine the apparent （AME） ＆ true （TMEn） metabolizable energy as well as the crude protein （CP） ＆ amino acid （AA） total tract （by excreta collection） digestibility （bioavail...The aim of this study was to determine the apparent （AME） ＆ true （TMEn） metabolizable energy as well as the crude protein （CP） ＆ amino acid （AA） total tract （by excreta collection） digestibility （bioavailability） of field pea seeds （FPS） of the Greek cultivar ＂Olympos＂. Forty eight broilers were placed in individual cages and randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments. Birds consumed 80 g/d of either a typical commercial diet or the same diet in which 100, 200 or 300 g/kg had been substituted by ground FPS. The experiment lasted 15 d. Apparent and true CP bioavailability of FPS were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05） only at the inclusion rate of 300 g/kg. AA bioavailability remained at high levels （-0.80）, with the exception of methionine and valine and was similar to CP mean. The mean AME and TMEn values of FPS were estimated equal to 10.8 and 11.0 MJ ME/kg, respectively.展开更多
基金part of the Agri Futures Chicken Meat Consortium – Nutrition, Gut Health and Environment project (PRO016111) with the Agri Futures Chicken Meat ProgramThe University of Queensland+12 种基金The University of SydneyCentral Queensland Universityepartment of Agriculture and Fisheries QueenslandMassey UniversityAviagendsm-firmenichLuctaEurolysine (formally Metex Noovistago)LallemandPoultry Research FoundationWorld Poultry Science Association New Zealand Branchthe stipend scholarship provided by the Chicken Meat Consortiumthe Research Tuition Fee Scholarship provided by the Faculty of Science at the University of Sydney
文摘Replacing soybean meal(SBM)in broiler diets with only other plant-based protein-rich ingredients or only non-bound amino acids(NBAA)may compromise growth performance in broiler chickens.However,combining both to replace SBM may be feasible while maintaining broiler performance.A 3×2 full factorial designed experiment was conducted to include three levels of SBM inclusions(conventional,medium,and low/nil)and with supplementation of field peas or not(50,80,100,and 120 g/kg in the starter,grower,finisher,and withdrawal phases,respectively).The variation of SBM inclusions in the diets led to changes in NBAA inclusions and total dietary crude protein.Each diet was offered to 10 replicates of 5 birds per bioassay cage,totaling 300 straight-run,Ross 308 broilers,from 0 to 42 days post-hatch.From 0 to 10 days post-hatch,medium inclusion of SBM reduced feed conversion ratio(FCR)compared to conventional SBM inclusions(1.171 versus 1.129,P=0.044).From 0 to 24 days post-hatch,pea inclusions improved the body weight gain by 2.08%(1371 versus 1343 g/bird;P=0.038)and reduced FCR from 1.297 to 1.276(P<0.001)regardless of dietary SBM inclusion levels.Similarly,from 0 to 35 days post-hatch,pea inclusion increased body weight gain from 2632 to 2731 g/bird(P=0.001)and reduced FCR from 1.405 to 1.369(P<0.001).Overall from 0 to 42 days,field peas inclusion improved body weight gain by 2.87%(3421 versus 3519 g/bird,P=0.025),and reduced FCR by 3.1 points(1.518 versus 1.487,P=0.024)regardless of SBM inclusion levels from 0 to 42 days post-hatch.Dietary treatment did not influence carcass yield and energy utilisation(P>0.05).From 27 to 29 days,broiler chickens offered diets containing the standard SBM inclusion generated the lowest total tract nitrogen retention regardless of pea inclusion rates(P=0.001).Reducing SBM inclusions,which corresponded with a reduction in dietary crude protein,increased apparent distal jejunal and ileal protein(N)digestibility coefficients(P<0.05)and total tract nitrogen retention(P=0.001),regardless of field pea inclusion.Diets containing the least SBM had increased apparent distal ileal digestibility coefficients of valine,glycine and proline(7.07%)compared to the conventional diets(P<0.05).In conclusion,replacing SBM with 5%-12%field peas and NBAAs in wheat-based broiler diets to achieve a 20 g/kg dietary CP reduction did not compromise growth performance in broiler chickens.The mechanism by which peas enhanced growth performance is unclear,as the inclusion of peas in the present study did not alter the starch digestion rate.
基金funding support received from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canadathe Saskatchewan Pulse Growers Association+1 种基金the Manitoba Pulse and Soybean Growers through the Growing Forward 2the Pest Management and Surveillance Implementation Program
文摘Field pea （Pisum sativum var. arvense L.） is an important legume crop around the world. It produces grains with high protein content and can improve the amount of available nitrogen in the soil. Aphanomyces root rot （ARR）, caused by the soil-borne oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs. （A. euteiches）, is a major threat to pea production in many pea-growing regions including Canada; it can cause severe root damage, wilting, and considerable yield losses under wet soil conditions. Traditional disease management strategies, such as crop rotations and seed treatments, cannot fully prevent ARR under conditions conducive for the disease, due to the longevity of the pathogen oospores, which can infect field pea plants at any growth stage. The development of pea cultivars with partial resistance or tolerance to ARR may be a promising approach to analyze the variability and physiologic specialization ofA. euteiches in field pea and to improve the management of this disease. As such, the detection of quantitative trait loci （QTL） for resistance is essential to field pea-breeding programs. In this paper, the pathogenic characteristics of A. euteiches are reviewed along with various ARR management strategies and the QTL associated with partial resistance to ARR.
文摘The aim of this study was to determine the apparent （AME） ＆ true （TMEn） metabolizable energy as well as the crude protein （CP） ＆ amino acid （AA） total tract （by excreta collection） digestibility （bioavailability） of field pea seeds （FPS） of the Greek cultivar ＂Olympos＂. Forty eight broilers were placed in individual cages and randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments. Birds consumed 80 g/d of either a typical commercial diet or the same diet in which 100, 200 or 300 g/kg had been substituted by ground FPS. The experiment lasted 15 d. Apparent and true CP bioavailability of FPS were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05） only at the inclusion rate of 300 g/kg. AA bioavailability remained at high levels （-0.80）, with the exception of methionine and valine and was similar to CP mean. The mean AME and TMEn values of FPS were estimated equal to 10.8 and 11.0 MJ ME/kg, respectively.
