Thermal ablation has become an established minimally invasive alternative to surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma,particularly in low-risk patients seeking effective treatment with reduced morbidity.While clinical ...Thermal ablation has become an established minimally invasive alternative to surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma,particularly in low-risk patients seeking effective treatment with reduced morbidity.While clinical outcomes are favorable,wide variability in complication rates and patient-reported experiences persists across centers and operators,emphasizing the need for strategies that standardize safety and enhance quality of life.Cai et al now introduce thermal field management(TFM),a thoughtful approach that reframes thermal ablation from a purely technical procedure into a precision-guided,patient-centered intervention.By deliberately confining the ablation zone to protect surrounding tissues,TFM addresses complications such as voice change and pain,issues often overlooked in the pursuit of technical success.Their findings,showing reduced complications and improved patient comfort,highlight the value of integrating patient-reported outcomes into routine ablation practice.This places TFM within the broader trajectory of interventional oncology,where precision and patientcenteredness are becoming central goals.If validated in multicenter prospective studies,TFM could extend beyond thyroid cancer and inform the evolution of safer,standardized ablative therapies across multiple organ systems.展开更多
Scientific field management is an important path to realize ecological production and sustainable development of agriculture.As the main content of field management,nitrogen(N)management is the key to balance the econ...Scientific field management is an important path to realize ecological production and sustainable development of agriculture.As the main content of field management,nitrogen(N)management is the key to balance the economic and ecological benefits of agricultural production.In the loess hilly-gully region,for the fragile ecological and social system,ecologicalization of agricultural production is an important direction to promote sustainable agricultural development.However,irrational fertilization has been one of the main constraint factors,hindering the ecologicalization of local agriculture.In order to solve the problem and prove the practical significance of field management to ecologicalization of agriculture,this study aimed at evaluating the effects of different N fertilization rates and timing using Root Zone Water Quality Model(RZWQM)and then optimizing the N management.Experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2019 in Yangjuangou watershed,loess hilly-gully region,to calibrate and validate the model.The root mean square error(RMSE)of soil water content,nitrate N concentration,above-ground biomass,leaf area index ranged from 10.5-13.5 mm,2.96-3.80 mg·kg^(−1),730.3-1273.9 kg·ha^(−1)and 0.26-0.38,respectively,with the agreement index(d)between observed and simulated values ranging between 0.88 to 0.98.Simulation results showed that N leaching in semi-arid areas was also quite high due to concentrated rainfall and loose soil,which had previously been neglected.When the fertilization rate decreased by 35%(applying the chemical fertilizer at rate of 245.7 kg N ha^(−1))of typical fertilization(applying the chemical fertilizer at rate of 378.0 kg N ha^(−1)),the leaching and residual N decreased by 72.2%-75.4%and 35.6%-50.9%,respectively,while NUE increased by 41.5%-45.2%with no reduction in maize yield.Additionally,compared with applying additional N at seedling stage in one batch,applying at seedling and jointing stages in two batches further decreased N leaching and improved NUE.Thus,a 35%reduction of typical fertilization rate combined with applying additional N at seedling and jointing stages is recommended.From the perspective of N management,this study demonstrated optimizing field management can play a positive role in the ecologicalization of agriculture,and more field management measures should be explored.展开更多
With the rapid development of social economy in our country, the development of agriculture is also in progress, and many cultivation methods of agricultural products follow the pace of the times. Grape is one of the ...With the rapid development of social economy in our country, the development of agriculture is also in progress, and many cultivation methods of agricultural products follow the pace of the times. Grape is one of the common fruit species in people's daily life, and has also been applied with science and technology in grape production and cultivation techniques. However, there are still a series of technical problems in the actual grape cultivation techniques, which limit the grape yield and quality. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of grape cultivation techniques and grape field management in China for reference.展开更多
Corn is an important crop type in Henan, and its yield directly affects the income increase of farmers and agricultural development. In recent years, advanced technologies such as precision sowing and mechanized harve...Corn is an important crop type in Henan, and its yield directly affects the income increase of farmers and agricultural development. In recent years, advanced technologies such as precision sowing and mechanized harvesting have been widely used in the management of corn planting, which has significantly improved the efficiency of corn planting and promoted the expansion of corn yield. However, some people cant accurately grasp the management points of each growth period of corn, and there are still many problems in water and fertilizer management and pest control, which hinder the improvement of corn yield and quality. Faced with this situation, it is necessary to further study and popularize the efficient planting techniques of corn, help cultivators to fully grasp the management points of each growth period of corn, and promote the smooth realization of the goal of high yield and high quality of corn.展开更多
At present, with peoples awareness of food safety significantly enhanced, more and more consumers favor green products. As the main grain crop in China, wheat has a wide planting area and a long planting history. In t...At present, with peoples awareness of food safety significantly enhanced, more and more consumers favor green products. As the main grain crop in China, wheat has a wide planting area and a long planting history. In the traditional wheat cultivation and management process, we dont pay attention to the effective control of wheat quality, and there are many improper aspects in the cultivation and management, such as unreasonable planting, improper variety selection, unscientific cultivation environment control, inadequate control of plant diseases and insect pests, excessive use of chemical pesticides, which make all kinds of plant diseases and insect pests become more prevalent, and there are drug residues in different degrees in wheat. In view of this situation, we need to speed up the effective popularization and application of modern wheat planting field management technology from a green point of view, so as to change the traditional planting mode and structure, improve the production efficiency, promote the sustainable development of the whole industrial economy and realize the high and stable yield of wheat. Taking green wheat planting as an example, this study discussed the key points of wheat planting field management technology and technical popularization measures, hoping to be helpful to the peers.展开更多
In order to meet the actual operation demand of visual navigation during cotton field management period,image detection algorithm of visual navigation route during this period was investigated in this research.Firstly...In order to meet the actual operation demand of visual navigation during cotton field management period,image detection algorithm of visual navigation route during this period was investigated in this research.Firstly,for the operation images under natural environment,the approach of color component difference,which is applicable for cotton field management,was adopted to extract the target characteristics of different regions inside and outside cotton field.Secondly,the median filtering method was employed to eliminate noise in the images and realize smoothing process of the images.Then,according to the regional vertical cumulative distribution graph of the images,the boundary characteristic of the cotton seedling region was obtained and the central position of the cotton seedling row was determined.Finally,the detection of the candidate points cluster was realized,and the navigation route was extracted by Hough transformation passing the known point.The testing results showed that the algorithms could rapidly and accurately detect the navigation route during cotton field management period.And the average processing time periods for each frame image at the emergence,strong seedling,budding and blooming stages were 41.43 ms,67.83 ms,68.80 ms and 74.05 ms,respectively.The detection has the advantage of high accuracy,strong robustness and fast speed,and is simultaneously less vulnerable to interference from external environment,which satisfies the practical operation requirements of cotton field management machinery.展开更多
According to the meteorological conditions of sowing period and the characteristics of seedling in each key growth period,the measures of rushing drainage,rushing harvest stubble,rushing sow,implementing late sowing,s...According to the meteorological conditions of sowing period and the characteristics of seedling in each key growth period,the measures of rushing drainage,rushing harvest stubble,rushing sow,implementing late sowing,strengthening field management before winter and in spring are taken in Daiyue District during the autumn planting period of wheat,which reduce the influence of natural disasters and increase the yield of wheat.展开更多
Broccoli(Brassica oleracea var.italica),also called green broccoli,green cauliflower,and calabrese,belongs to genus Brassica in family Cruciferae,and is annual or biennial herbaceous plant.Both broccoli and cauliflowe...Broccoli(Brassica oleracea var.italica),also called green broccoli,green cauliflower,and calabrese,belongs to genus Brassica in family Cruciferae,and is annual or biennial herbaceous plant.Both broccoli and cauliflower are varieties of Brassica oleracea L.Broccoli is rich in nutrients.Its protein,amino acids and vitamins are higher than cauliflower,and broccoli is easy to grow,the supply period is long,and it has a good market and economic value.This paper introduced broccoli-related information from broccoli's nutritional value,cultivation techniques,existing problems and prospects.In addition,on the basis of existing studies,it discussed the future development prospects of broccoli,in order to promote the production research of broccoli in China.展开更多
Mechanized cotton production is of great significance to the scale, modernization and industrialization of cotton planting. It can not only promote the effective control of cotton production cost and the improvement o...Mechanized cotton production is of great significance to the scale, modernization and industrialization of cotton planting. It can not only promote the effective control of cotton production cost and the improvement of economic benefits, but also provide strong support for the transformation and upgrading of cotton industry in the new era. Xinjiang Corps, as an important cotton planting and production base, has realized the whole mechanized production of cotton in decades of operation and exploration, and has formed a scientific, systematic and standardized mechanized production mode in land tillage, sowing, field management, cotton picking, cotton stalk crushing and recycling, and plastic film recycling before ploughing. In order to further promote the level of mechanized cotton production, it is necessary to discuss the corresponding development strategies around the integration of agricultural machinery, improving service facilities, coordinating the interests of all parties, strengthening the control of residual film pollution, and making every effort to increase policy support.展开更多
This paper explores the effect of varying agricultural management practices on different water efficiency indicators: irrigation efficiency(IE), crop water use efficiency(WUE), and green and blue water footprint(WF). ...This paper explores the effect of varying agricultural management practices on different water efficiency indicators: irrigation efficiency(IE), crop water use efficiency(WUE), and green and blue water footprint(WF). We take winter wheat in an experimental field in Northern China as a case study and consider a dry, average and wet year. We conducted 24 modeling experiments with the Aqua Crop model, for all possible combinations of four irrigation techniques, two irrigation strategies and three mulching methods. Results show that deficit irrigation most effectively improved blue water use, by increasing IE(by 5%) and reducing blue WF(by 38%), however with an average 9% yield reduction. Organic or synthetic mulching practices improved WUE(by 4% and 10%, respectively)and reduced blue WF(by 8% and 17%, respectively), with the same yield level. Drip and subsurface drip irrigation improved IE and WUE, but drip irrigation had a relatively large blue WF. Improvements in one water efficiency indicator may cause a decline in another. In particular,WUE can be improved by more irrigation at the cost of the blue WF. Furthermore, increasing IE, for instance by installing drip irrigation, does not necessarily reduce the blue WF.展开更多
Crop production is strategic for food security and climate change mitigation,and can provide a temporary soil carbon sink.There is an ongoing debate about how to optimize crop production in China toward carbon-neutral...Crop production is strategic for food security and climate change mitigation,and can provide a temporary soil carbon sink.There is an ongoing debate about how to optimize crop production in China toward carbon-neutral agriculture.This paper summarizes major carbon budgets in staple crop production in China over recent decades,synthesize reported impacts of available and developing field management practices on greenhouse gas emissions reduction and carbon sink increase.According to recent studies,cropland-based GHG emissions(55%N_(2)O and 44%CH_(4))increased at a rate of 4.3 Tg·yr^(-1) CO_(2)-eq from 1990 to 2015 and peaked at 400 Tg CO_(2)-eq in 2015.Subsequently,there was a substantial decrease of 11.6 Tg·yr^(-1) CO_(2)-eq between 2015 and 2021.A similar bell-shape trend has been observed in yieldscaled GHG emission intensity over the years for cereals excluding rice,as rice exhibited a steady decline in yield-scaled emission intensity since 1961.For soil C in Chinese cropland,topsoil C represents a huge C pool,containing 5.5 Pg of soil organic carbon(SOC)and 2.4 Pg of soil inorganic carbon(SIC).However,these densities are relatively low globally,indicating a high C sequestration potential.Soil C in cropland has been a weak sink of 5.3 Tg·yr^(-1) C in China since the 1980s,resulting from the net effect of SOC sequestration(21.3 Tg·yr^(-1) C)and SIC loss(^(-1)6 Tg·yr^(-1) C),which only offsets 5.7% of simultaneous cropland GHG emissions.Hence,cropland remains consistent and significant GHG sources,even when considering soil C sequestration and excluding related industrial and energy sectors.Fortunately,many reliable management practices have positive effects on emission intensity of crop production,in terms of fertilizer application,irrigation and tillage.However,the path to achieving carbon neutrality in China’s cropland is still uncertain and requires further quantitative assessment.Nonetheless,this synthesis highlights that the huge potential,and strong scientific and technical support in low-carbon crop production,for modifying China’s food system.展开更多
Radiative cooling has emerged as an attractive passive cooling technology in energy and thermal management fields due to its zero-energy consumption and pollution-free characteristics[[1],[2],[3]].An ideal radiative c...Radiative cooling has emerged as an attractive passive cooling technology in energy and thermal management fields due to its zero-energy consumption and pollution-free characteristics[[1],[2],[3]].An ideal radiative cooling material should simultaneously exhibit high solar reflectance to minimize solar heat absorption and high infrared emissivity in the“atmospheric window”band(8–13μm)to directly radiate heat to outer space(∼3 K),achieving passive cooling without energy input[[4],[5],[6]].Photonic structures(such as nano-multilayers,nano-pores,and photonic crystals)have been proven to simultaneously achieve high solar reflectance and broadband infrared emissivity[7,8].For instance,commercial“cooling paints”(such as BaSO4 and TiO2-based reflective paints)can reduce surface temperatures by several degrees and moderately decrease building cooling loads.展开更多
Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is acclaimed as“Queen of forages”because of its great yield and high feeding value.China is the second biggest country in acreage of alfalfa cultivation,but the cultivation regions of alfa...Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is acclaimed as“Queen of forages”because of its great yield and high feeding value.China is the second biggest country in acreage of alfalfa cultivation,but the cultivation regions of alfalfa are distinguished by adverse climatic and edaphic conditions in northern China.Moreover,the lack of elite alfalfa varieties with great adaptation and poor field management are vital factors limiting development of alfalfa pasture in China.In addition,nutritional quality of alfalfa in China is also poor compared to that in countries of developed animal husbandry industrial.Here,we propose several priorities in terms of a comprehensive system of alfalfa breeding,field management,harvest and processing with Chinese characteristics,based on the theories and methodologies of breeding science,agronomy,plant physiology and agricultural machinery.Implementation of these priorities will greatly contribute to the sustainable development of the alfalfa pasture in China.展开更多
The study of water and salt movement in soil is of vital importance to the prevention of secondary salinization, the reclamation of salt-affected soil and the scheduling of rational irrigation and drainage. In this pa...The study of water and salt movement in soil is of vital importance to the prevention of secondary salinization, the reclamation of salt-affected soil and the scheduling of rational irrigation and drainage. In this paper, on the basis of numerical simulation, the processes of salt accumulation and leaching of salts in soils under the conditions of evaporation, rainfall infiltration and irrigation are studied. The numerical methods for the prediction of water and salt regime are investigated.展开更多
文摘Thermal ablation has become an established minimally invasive alternative to surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma,particularly in low-risk patients seeking effective treatment with reduced morbidity.While clinical outcomes are favorable,wide variability in complication rates and patient-reported experiences persists across centers and operators,emphasizing the need for strategies that standardize safety and enhance quality of life.Cai et al now introduce thermal field management(TFM),a thoughtful approach that reframes thermal ablation from a purely technical procedure into a precision-guided,patient-centered intervention.By deliberately confining the ablation zone to protect surrounding tissues,TFM addresses complications such as voice change and pain,issues often overlooked in the pursuit of technical success.Their findings,showing reduced complications and improved patient comfort,highlight the value of integrating patient-reported outcomes into routine ablation practice.This places TFM within the broader trajectory of interventional oncology,where precision and patientcenteredness are becoming central goals.If validated in multicenter prospective studies,TFM could extend beyond thyroid cancer and inform the evolution of safer,standardized ablative therapies across multiple organ systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41931293The National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2017YFC0504701。
文摘Scientific field management is an important path to realize ecological production and sustainable development of agriculture.As the main content of field management,nitrogen(N)management is the key to balance the economic and ecological benefits of agricultural production.In the loess hilly-gully region,for the fragile ecological and social system,ecologicalization of agricultural production is an important direction to promote sustainable agricultural development.However,irrational fertilization has been one of the main constraint factors,hindering the ecologicalization of local agriculture.In order to solve the problem and prove the practical significance of field management to ecologicalization of agriculture,this study aimed at evaluating the effects of different N fertilization rates and timing using Root Zone Water Quality Model(RZWQM)and then optimizing the N management.Experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2019 in Yangjuangou watershed,loess hilly-gully region,to calibrate and validate the model.The root mean square error(RMSE)of soil water content,nitrate N concentration,above-ground biomass,leaf area index ranged from 10.5-13.5 mm,2.96-3.80 mg·kg^(−1),730.3-1273.9 kg·ha^(−1)and 0.26-0.38,respectively,with the agreement index(d)between observed and simulated values ranging between 0.88 to 0.98.Simulation results showed that N leaching in semi-arid areas was also quite high due to concentrated rainfall and loose soil,which had previously been neglected.When the fertilization rate decreased by 35%(applying the chemical fertilizer at rate of 245.7 kg N ha^(−1))of typical fertilization(applying the chemical fertilizer at rate of 378.0 kg N ha^(−1)),the leaching and residual N decreased by 72.2%-75.4%and 35.6%-50.9%,respectively,while NUE increased by 41.5%-45.2%with no reduction in maize yield.Additionally,compared with applying additional N at seedling stage in one batch,applying at seedling and jointing stages in two batches further decreased N leaching and improved NUE.Thus,a 35%reduction of typical fertilization rate combined with applying additional N at seedling and jointing stages is recommended.From the perspective of N management,this study demonstrated optimizing field management can play a positive role in the ecologicalization of agriculture,and more field management measures should be explored.
文摘With the rapid development of social economy in our country, the development of agriculture is also in progress, and many cultivation methods of agricultural products follow the pace of the times. Grape is one of the common fruit species in people's daily life, and has also been applied with science and technology in grape production and cultivation techniques. However, there are still a series of technical problems in the actual grape cultivation techniques, which limit the grape yield and quality. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of grape cultivation techniques and grape field management in China for reference.
文摘Corn is an important crop type in Henan, and its yield directly affects the income increase of farmers and agricultural development. In recent years, advanced technologies such as precision sowing and mechanized harvesting have been widely used in the management of corn planting, which has significantly improved the efficiency of corn planting and promoted the expansion of corn yield. However, some people cant accurately grasp the management points of each growth period of corn, and there are still many problems in water and fertilizer management and pest control, which hinder the improvement of corn yield and quality. Faced with this situation, it is necessary to further study and popularize the efficient planting techniques of corn, help cultivators to fully grasp the management points of each growth period of corn, and promote the smooth realization of the goal of high yield and high quality of corn.
文摘At present, with peoples awareness of food safety significantly enhanced, more and more consumers favor green products. As the main grain crop in China, wheat has a wide planting area and a long planting history. In the traditional wheat cultivation and management process, we dont pay attention to the effective control of wheat quality, and there are many improper aspects in the cultivation and management, such as unreasonable planting, improper variety selection, unscientific cultivation environment control, inadequate control of plant diseases and insect pests, excessive use of chemical pesticides, which make all kinds of plant diseases and insect pests become more prevalent, and there are drug residues in different degrees in wheat. In view of this situation, we need to speed up the effective popularization and application of modern wheat planting field management technology from a green point of view, so as to change the traditional planting mode and structure, improve the production efficiency, promote the sustainable development of the whole industrial economy and realize the high and stable yield of wheat. Taking green wheat planting as an example, this study discussed the key points of wheat planting field management technology and technical popularization measures, hoping to be helpful to the peers.
基金This work has been financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31071329)the Team Construction of Young and Middle-aged Talents in Science and Technology Innovation of Xinjiang Corps(Grant No.2016BC001)。
文摘In order to meet the actual operation demand of visual navigation during cotton field management period,image detection algorithm of visual navigation route during this period was investigated in this research.Firstly,for the operation images under natural environment,the approach of color component difference,which is applicable for cotton field management,was adopted to extract the target characteristics of different regions inside and outside cotton field.Secondly,the median filtering method was employed to eliminate noise in the images and realize smoothing process of the images.Then,according to the regional vertical cumulative distribution graph of the images,the boundary characteristic of the cotton seedling region was obtained and the central position of the cotton seedling row was determined.Finally,the detection of the candidate points cluster was realized,and the navigation route was extracted by Hough transformation passing the known point.The testing results showed that the algorithms could rapidly and accurately detect the navigation route during cotton field management period.And the average processing time periods for each frame image at the emergence,strong seedling,budding and blooming stages were 41.43 ms,67.83 ms,68.80 ms and 74.05 ms,respectively.The detection has the advantage of high accuracy,strong robustness and fast speed,and is simultaneously less vulnerable to interference from external environment,which satisfies the practical operation requirements of cotton field management machinery.
文摘According to the meteorological conditions of sowing period and the characteristics of seedling in each key growth period,the measures of rushing drainage,rushing harvest stubble,rushing sow,implementing late sowing,strengthening field management before winter and in spring are taken in Daiyue District during the autumn planting period of wheat,which reduce the influence of natural disasters and increase the yield of wheat.
文摘Broccoli(Brassica oleracea var.italica),also called green broccoli,green cauliflower,and calabrese,belongs to genus Brassica in family Cruciferae,and is annual or biennial herbaceous plant.Both broccoli and cauliflower are varieties of Brassica oleracea L.Broccoli is rich in nutrients.Its protein,amino acids and vitamins are higher than cauliflower,and broccoli is easy to grow,the supply period is long,and it has a good market and economic value.This paper introduced broccoli-related information from broccoli's nutritional value,cultivation techniques,existing problems and prospects.In addition,on the basis of existing studies,it discussed the future development prospects of broccoli,in order to promote the production research of broccoli in China.
文摘Mechanized cotton production is of great significance to the scale, modernization and industrialization of cotton planting. It can not only promote the effective control of cotton production cost and the improvement of economic benefits, but also provide strong support for the transformation and upgrading of cotton industry in the new era. Xinjiang Corps, as an important cotton planting and production base, has realized the whole mechanized production of cotton in decades of operation and exploration, and has formed a scientific, systematic and standardized mechanized production mode in land tillage, sowing, field management, cotton picking, cotton stalk crushing and recycling, and plastic film recycling before ploughing. In order to further promote the level of mechanized cotton production, it is necessary to discuss the corresponding development strategies around the integration of agricultural machinery, improving service facilities, coordinating the interests of all parties, strengthening the control of residual film pollution, and making every effort to increase policy support.
文摘This paper explores the effect of varying agricultural management practices on different water efficiency indicators: irrigation efficiency(IE), crop water use efficiency(WUE), and green and blue water footprint(WF). We take winter wheat in an experimental field in Northern China as a case study and consider a dry, average and wet year. We conducted 24 modeling experiments with the Aqua Crop model, for all possible combinations of four irrigation techniques, two irrigation strategies and three mulching methods. Results show that deficit irrigation most effectively improved blue water use, by increasing IE(by 5%) and reducing blue WF(by 38%), however with an average 9% yield reduction. Organic or synthetic mulching practices improved WUE(by 4% and 10%, respectively)and reduced blue WF(by 8% and 17%, respectively), with the same yield level. Drip and subsurface drip irrigation improved IE and WUE, but drip irrigation had a relatively large blue WF. Improvements in one water efficiency indicator may cause a decline in another. In particular,WUE can be improved by more irrigation at the cost of the blue WF. Furthermore, increasing IE, for instance by installing drip irrigation, does not necessarily reduce the blue WF.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107111,41425007,31988102)Chinese State Key Special Program on Severe Air Pollution Mitigation(DQGG0208)High-level Team Project of China Agricultural University(Xuejun Liu).
文摘Crop production is strategic for food security and climate change mitigation,and can provide a temporary soil carbon sink.There is an ongoing debate about how to optimize crop production in China toward carbon-neutral agriculture.This paper summarizes major carbon budgets in staple crop production in China over recent decades,synthesize reported impacts of available and developing field management practices on greenhouse gas emissions reduction and carbon sink increase.According to recent studies,cropland-based GHG emissions(55%N_(2)O and 44%CH_(4))increased at a rate of 4.3 Tg·yr^(-1) CO_(2)-eq from 1990 to 2015 and peaked at 400 Tg CO_(2)-eq in 2015.Subsequently,there was a substantial decrease of 11.6 Tg·yr^(-1) CO_(2)-eq between 2015 and 2021.A similar bell-shape trend has been observed in yieldscaled GHG emission intensity over the years for cereals excluding rice,as rice exhibited a steady decline in yield-scaled emission intensity since 1961.For soil C in Chinese cropland,topsoil C represents a huge C pool,containing 5.5 Pg of soil organic carbon(SOC)and 2.4 Pg of soil inorganic carbon(SIC).However,these densities are relatively low globally,indicating a high C sequestration potential.Soil C in cropland has been a weak sink of 5.3 Tg·yr^(-1) C in China since the 1980s,resulting from the net effect of SOC sequestration(21.3 Tg·yr^(-1) C)and SIC loss(^(-1)6 Tg·yr^(-1) C),which only offsets 5.7% of simultaneous cropland GHG emissions.Hence,cropland remains consistent and significant GHG sources,even when considering soil C sequestration and excluding related industrial and energy sectors.Fortunately,many reliable management practices have positive effects on emission intensity of crop production,in terms of fertilizer application,irrigation and tillage.However,the path to achieving carbon neutrality in China’s cropland is still uncertain and requires further quantitative assessment.Nonetheless,this synthesis highlights that the huge potential,and strong scientific and technical support in low-carbon crop production,for modifying China’s food system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52273085)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421087).
文摘Radiative cooling has emerged as an attractive passive cooling technology in energy and thermal management fields due to its zero-energy consumption and pollution-free characteristics[[1],[2],[3]].An ideal radiative cooling material should simultaneously exhibit high solar reflectance to minimize solar heat absorption and high infrared emissivity in the“atmospheric window”band(8–13μm)to directly radiate heat to outer space(∼3 K),achieving passive cooling without energy input[[4],[5],[6]].Photonic structures(such as nano-multilayers,nano-pores,and photonic crystals)have been proven to simultaneously achieve high solar reflectance and broadband infrared emissivity[7,8].For instance,commercial“cooling paints”(such as BaSO4 and TiO2-based reflective paints)can reduce surface temperatures by several degrees and moderately decrease building cooling loads.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31830011,32070351).
文摘Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is acclaimed as“Queen of forages”because of its great yield and high feeding value.China is the second biggest country in acreage of alfalfa cultivation,but the cultivation regions of alfalfa are distinguished by adverse climatic and edaphic conditions in northern China.Moreover,the lack of elite alfalfa varieties with great adaptation and poor field management are vital factors limiting development of alfalfa pasture in China.In addition,nutritional quality of alfalfa in China is also poor compared to that in countries of developed animal husbandry industrial.Here,we propose several priorities in terms of a comprehensive system of alfalfa breeding,field management,harvest and processing with Chinese characteristics,based on the theories and methodologies of breeding science,agronomy,plant physiology and agricultural machinery.Implementation of these priorities will greatly contribute to the sustainable development of the alfalfa pasture in China.
文摘The study of water and salt movement in soil is of vital importance to the prevention of secondary salinization, the reclamation of salt-affected soil and the scheduling of rational irrigation and drainage. In this paper, on the basis of numerical simulation, the processes of salt accumulation and leaching of salts in soils under the conditions of evaporation, rainfall infiltration and irrigation are studied. The numerical methods for the prediction of water and salt regime are investigated.
