BACKGROUND Pediatric complicated community-acquired pneumonia(CCAP)is on the rise.The three subtypes include para-pneumonic effusion(PPE),necrotizing pneumonia(NP),and empyema.AIM To study different sub-types of pedia...BACKGROUND Pediatric complicated community-acquired pneumonia(CCAP)is on the rise.The three subtypes include para-pneumonic effusion(PPE),necrotizing pneumonia(NP),and empyema.AIM To study different sub-types of pediatric CCAP,and compare their etiology,clinical profile,and outcome in the post-pneumococcal vaccination era.METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted over a 2-year period.All details(demographics,clinical,management,and outcomes)were recorded.Continuous data were presented either as mean and SD,or as median and interquartile range.Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages(%).Data were analyzed by using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows,version 21(IBM Corp.,Armonk,NY,United States).RESULTS Of the 80 cases included(71%aged 4-8 years),the distribution was as follows:PPE(42%),empyema(39%),and NP(19%).Bacterial etiology was identified in 28%(empyema 63%,P=0.012).Staphylococcus aureus(45%)was most common followed by Escherichia coli(E.coli)(22.7%),and Streptococcus pneumoniae(13.6%).Patients with empyema,compared to PPE and NP,were less likely to receive prior antibiotics(32%vs 56%and 58%,respectively,P=0.03).Duration(days,mean±SD)of hospitalization was longer in children with NP compared to empyema and PPE(17.7±9.8,16.1±7.5,and 13.6±4.2,respectively).All children recovered with the medical management except 2 children requiring decortication.CONCLUSION Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli are the most common bacterial etiology in the post-pneumococcal vaccination era.Empyema might be related to a delay in antibiotics administration.NP is the most severe pediatric CCAP with prolonged hospitalization.展开更多
Objective:EPF3 is a fibrinolysin monomer isolated and purified from Pheretima vulgaris Chen,an earthworm used in traditional Chinese medicine as Dilong for treating blood stasis syndrome.Its composition,anticoagulant ...Objective:EPF3 is a fibrinolysin monomer isolated and purified from Pheretima vulgaris Chen,an earthworm used in traditional Chinese medicine as Dilong for treating blood stasis syndrome.Its composition,anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activities,and relevant mechanisms have been confirmed through in vitro experiments.However,whether it has antithrombotic effects in vivo and can be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract is unknown.This study evaluates the antithrombotic effect in zebrafish and investigates the gastrointestinal stability and intestinal absorption mechanism of this protein in vitro.Methods:The antithrombotic effect of EPF3 in vivo was verified using the zebrafish thrombus model induced by arachidonic acid and FeCl3.Then,the protein bands of EPF3 incubated with simulated gastric fluid(SGF),simulated intestinal fluid(SIF),and homogenate of Caco-2 cells(HC2C)were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to evaluate its gastrointestinal stability.Finally,the transport behavior and absorption mechanism of EPF3 were studied using Caco-2 cell monolayer.Results:EPF3 could significantly enhance the returned blood volume and blood flow velocity in zebrafish with platelet aggregation thrombus induced by arachidonic acid.It could also prolong the formation time of tail artery thrombus and increase the blood flow velocity in zebrafish with vessel injury thrombus induced by FeCl3.EPF3 was stable in SIF and HC2C and unstable in SGF.The permeability of EPF3 in Caco-2 monolayer was time-dependent and concentration-dependent.The efflux ratio was less than1.2 during transport,and the transport behavior was not affected by inhibitors.EPF3 could reversibly reduce the expression of tight junction-related proteins,including zonula occludens-1,occludin,and claudin-1 in Caco-2 cells.Conclusion:EPF3 could play a thrombolytic and antithrombotic role in zebrafish.It could be transported and absorbed into the intestine through cellular bypass pathway by opening the intestinal epithelium tight junction.This study provides a scientific explanation for the antithrombotic effect of earthworm and provides a basis for the feasibility of subsequent development of EPF3 as an antithrombotic enteric-soluble preparation.Please cite this article as:Zhong WL,Yang JQ,Liu H,Wu YL,Shen HJ,Li PY,Du SY.Antithrombotic effect in zebrafish of a fibrinolytic protein EPF3 from Dilong(Pheretima vulgaris Chen)and its transport mechanism in Caco-2 monolayer through cell bypass pathway.J Integr Med.2025;23(4):415–428.展开更多
The Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction(MI) requires cardiac myocyte necrosis with an increase and/or a decrease in a patient's plasma of cardiac troponin(cT n) with at least one cT n measurement g...The Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction(MI) requires cardiac myocyte necrosis with an increase and/or a decrease in a patient's plasma of cardiac troponin(cT n) with at least one cT n measurement greater than the 99 th percentile of the upper normal reference limit during:(1) symptoms of myocardialischemia;(2) new significant electrocardiogram(ECG) ST-segment/T-wave changes or left bundle branch block;(3) the development of pathological ECG Q waves;(4) new loss of viable myocardium or regional wall motion abnormality identified by an imaging procedure; or(5) identification of intracoronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy.Myocardial infarction,when diagnosed,is now classified into five types.Detection of a rise and a fall of troponin are essential to the diagnosis of acute MI.However,high sensitivity troponin assays can increase the sensitivity but decrease the specificity of MI diagnosis.The ECG remains a cornerstone in the diagnosis of MI and should be frequently repeated,especially if the initial ECG is not diagnostic of MI.There have been significant advances in adjunctive pharmacotherapy,procedural techniques and stent technology in the treatment of patients with MIs.The routine use of antiplatelet agents such as clopidogrel,prasugrel or ticagrelor,in addition to aspirin,reduces patient morbidity and mortality.Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in a timely manner is the primary treatment of patients with acute ST segment elevation MI.Drug eluting coronary stents are safe and beneficial with primary coronary intervention.Treatment with direct thrombin inhibitors during PCI is non-inferior to unfractionated heparin and glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor antagonists and is associated with a significant reduction in bleeding.The intra-coronary use of a glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa antagonist can reduce infarct size.Pre- and post-conditioning techniques can provide additional cardioprotection.However,the incidence and mortality due to MI continues to be high despite all these recent advances.The initial ten year experience with autologous human bone marrow mononuclear cells(BMCs) in patients with MI showed modest but significant increases in left ventricular(LV) ejection fraction,decreases in LV endsystolic volume and reductions in MI size.These studies established that the intramyocardial or intracoronary administration of stem cells is safe.However,many of these studies consisted of small numbers of patients who were not randomized to BMCs or placebo.The recent LateT ime,Time,and Swiss Multicenter Trials in patientswith MI did not demonstrate significant improvement in patient LV ejection fraction with BMCs in comparison with placebo.Possible explanations include the early use of PCI in these patients,heterogeneous BMC populations which died prematurely from patients with chronic ischemic disease,red blood cell contamination which decreases BMC renewal,and heparin which decreases BMC migration.In contrast,cardiac stem cells from the right atrial appendage and ventricular septum and apex in the SCIPIO and CADUCEUS Trials appear to reduce patient MI size and increase viable myocardium.Additional clinical studies with cardiac stem cells are in progress.展开更多
A strong fibrinolytic activity was demonstrated in the Semen Sojae Praeparatum(SSP), which is a famous traditional Chinese medicine. To study the activities and dynamic changes of fibrinolytic enzyme, standard fibrin ...A strong fibrinolytic activity was demonstrated in the Semen Sojae Praeparatum(SSP), which is a famous traditional Chinese medicine. To study the activities and dynamic changes of fibrinolytic enzyme, standard fibrin plate was used to determine the fibrinolytic activity. For the first time fibrinolytic enzyme was found during the fermentation of SSP and the fibrinolytic activities of samples were shown to increase significantly over time. In the "yellow cladding" stage, the fibrinolytic activity was 619.75 IU/g. On day 6, 12 and 15 of the "secondary fermentation" stage, the fibrinolytic activity was 711.49 IU/g, 866.67 IU/g, 1 022.31 IU/g, respectively. The results indicate that fibrinolytic enzyme was generated during the fermentation of SSP and it displayed increasing activity which peaked at the "secondary fermentation" stage. The fibrinolytic enzyme was found to not only degrades fibrin directly, but also activate plasminogen to do so.展开更多
The gene encoding fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus sp.zlw-2 was cloned and sequenced(accession no.EU734749),which was 1146 bp,encoded 381 amino acids and had 99%homology with Nattokinase YF308 and NAT.The genes encod...The gene encoding fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus sp.zlw-2 was cloned and sequenced(accession no.EU734749),which was 1146 bp,encoded 381 amino acids and had 99%homology with Nattokinase YF308 and NAT.The genes encoding pre-pro-fibrinolytic enzyme(including signal peptide,propeptide,and mature peptide)and fibrinolytic enzyme(including mature peptide)were cloned into pET28a vector respectively and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).The recombinant ofpre-pro-fibrinolytic enzyme showed enzyme activity of 183 U mL^-1,while no detectable enzyme activity could be found from the recombinant of the mature peptide.展开更多
Objective:To isolate,partially purify and evaluate the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of a serine protease from the chosen Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma.Methods:Whole animal extract was prepared and purified i...Objective:To isolate,partially purify and evaluate the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of a serine protease from the chosen Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma.Methods:Whole animal extract was prepared and purified its protein constituents by size and charge based chromatographic separation techniques using Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-Cellulose resin respectively.Average molecular weight of the protein isolate was determined and analyzed for its cytotoxic property against Vero cells in different dilutions(1:20 and 1:40)and anti-tumor activity by MTT assay(a colorimetric assay)using breast cancer cell line MCF-7,with tamoxifen as standard.Results:One of the protein constituents after purification was characterized as serine protease by Caseinolytic plate diffusion assay.Average molecular weight of this purified isolate was determined,by SDS-PAGE analysis with standard protein ladder,as of 15 kDa.The performed tests suggested that the 15kDa fraction has potent cytotoxic activity and satisfactory antitumor activity as well in vitro.Conclusions:Exact molecular mechanism of the cytotoxic and antitumor activities is yet to be explored and currently we are working on ultra-purification and biophysical characterization of this fraction.Further investigation into the mechanism(s)of cytotoxic and antitumor activities at molecular level would be useful in treatment of various classes of cancer and viral infections in future.展开更多
A novel potent protease, Urechis unicinctus fibrinolytic enzyme （UFE）, was firstly discovered. The enzymatic properties of UFE were further investigated.As a low molecular mass protein,UFE appeared to be very stable...A novel potent protease, Urechis unicinctus fibrinolytic enzyme （UFE）, was firstly discovered. The enzymatic properties of UFE were further investigated.As a low molecular mass protein,UFE appeared to be very stable to heat and pH.When temperature was below 50 ℃ ,the remnant enzyme activity remained almost unchanged, but when temperature was raised to 60 ℃ ,the remnant enzyme activity began to decrease rapidly. UFE was quite stable in the range of pH value from 3 to 12,especially in slightly alkaline pH value.Mn^2＋ ,Cu^2＋ and Fe^2＋ ions were activators of UFE, while Fe^3＋ and Ag^＋ ions were inhibitors of UFE.Fe^2＋ ion along with Fe^3＋ ion might regulate UFE activity in vivo. The optimum pH and temperature of UFE were about 8 and 50 ℃ ,respectively. Other characteristics of this enzyme were also studied. Systematic research results are significant when UFE is applied for medical and industrial purposes.展开更多
Thrombus disease, one of the common cardiovascular diseases, has attracted worldwide at- tention for its rising mortality and morbidity. Due to the distinct shortages of current fibrinolytic drugs, new fibrinolytic ag...Thrombus disease, one of the common cardiovascular diseases, has attracted worldwide at- tention for its rising mortality and morbidity. Due to the distinct shortages of current fibrinolytic drugs, new fibrinolytic agents warrant investigation. In this study, 8 fibrinolytic enzyme-producing strains were isolated from Douchi--a traditional Chinese food, and strain XY-1 which produced the largest amount of the enzyme was chosen for the following experiments. The enzyme produced by strain XY-1 was named Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme （DFE）. We optimized the liquid culture medium of strain XY-1 for enzyme production using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design. The predicted maximal DFE yield was 19.78 FU/mL with 11.4 g/L peptone, 0.5 g/L magnesium sulfate and 1 g/L sodium chloride. How- ever, we acquired maximal production of 21.33 FU/mL in actual experiments, equal to 107.84% of the theoretical value, and the yield had been increased by 79.55% as compared to the yield of un-optimized culture. It was demonstrated that the combined use of Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology in fermentation optimization can effectively and rapidly increase DFE production.展开更多
Stroke is usually treated by systemic thrombolytic therapy if the patient presents within an appropriate time window. There is also widespread interest in the development of thrombolytic agents that can be used in cas...Stroke is usually treated by systemic thrombolytic therapy if the patient presents within an appropriate time window. There is also widespread interest in the development of thrombolytic agents that can be used in cases of delayed presentation. Current agents that can be used in cases of delayed presentation of nerve damage by thrombus. Current systemic thrombolytic therapy is associated with adverse effects such as fibrinogenolysis and bleeding. In an attempt to increase the efficacy, safety, and specificity of thrombolytic therapy, a number of targeted thrombolytic agents have been studied in recent years. This review focuses on the concepts underlying targeted thrombolytic therapy and describes recent drug developments in this field.展开更多
To study the changes of the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and pathology in temporal infarction of rats photochemically induced and the effects of batroxobin. METHODS: Immunohistochemical techniqu...To study the changes of the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and pathology in temporal infarction of rats photochemically induced and the effects of batroxobin. METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique and hematoxylin-eosin stain was used to show the changes of the expression of GAP-43 and pathology. RESULTS: In infarction group, GAP-43 expression was markedly increased on the infarction and surrounding tissues at 24 h cerebral infarction. The expression reached peak level at 72 h after cerebral infarction and was decreased at 7 d after cerebral infarction. However, in batroxobin-treated group, GAP-43 expression was increased and the pathological changes were much slight as compared with infarction group. CONCLUSION: The expression of GAP-43 increases in infarction of temporal neocortex and batroxobin promotes the expression of GAP-43 and ameliorates the pathological changes in infarction of temporal neocortex.展开更多
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia and ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)increase QT dispersion(QTD)and corrected QT dispersion(QTcD),and are also associated with ventricular arrhythmia.AIM To evaluate the effects ...BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia and ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)increase QT dispersion(QTD)and corrected QT dispersion(QTcD),and are also associated with ventricular arrhythmia.AIM To evaluate the effects of reperfusion strategy[primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI)or fibrinolytic therapy]on QTD and QTcD in STEMI patients and assess the impact of the chosen strategy on the occurrence of in-hospital arrhythmia.METHODS This prospective,observational,multicenter study included 240 patients admitted with STEMI who were treated with either PPCI(group I)or fibrinolytic therapy(group II).QTD and QTcD were measured on admission and 24 hr after reperfusion,and patients were observed to detect in-hospital arrhythmia.RESULTS There were significant reductions in QTD and QTcD from admission to 24 hr in both group I and group II patients.QTD and QTcD were found to be shorter in group I patients at 24 hr than those in group II(53±19 msec vs 60±18 msec,P=0.005 and 60±21 msec vs 69+22 msec,P=0.003,respectively).The occurrence of in-hospital arrhythmia was significantly more frequent in group II than in group I(25 patients,20.8%vs 8 patients,6.7%,P=0.001).Furthermore,QTD and QTcD were higher in patients with in-hospital arrhythmia than those without(P=0.001 and P=0.02,respectively).CONCLUSION In STEMI patients,PPCI and fibrinolytic therapy effectively reduced QTD and QTcD,with a higher observed reduction using PPCI.PPCI was associated with a lower incidence of in-hospital arrhythmia than fibrinolytic therapy.In addition,QTD and QTcD were shorter in patients not experiencing in-hospital arrhythmia than those with arrhythmia.展开更多
Objective:To initially explore traditional Chinese medicine patterns in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model.Methods:Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were divided by the random number table method(with 12 rats pe...Objective:To initially explore traditional Chinese medicine patterns in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model.Methods:Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were divided by the random number table method(with 12 rats per group)into three groups:a blank group,a model group,and a number 2 Feibi recipe(FBR-2)group.The pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin.The FBR-2 group was treated with FBR-2 for 4 weeks.Symptoms in the mice such as mental behavior,food/water intake,body weight,body temperature,respiratory rate,and tongue image were observed.The samples were collected on the 14th day and 28th day after modeling,and lung tissues were visually assessed and microscopically evaluated by staining with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson.The expression levels of hydroxyproline,interleukin(IL)-33,IL-37,tissue plasminogen activator,and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Mice in the model group were poor in spirit,less active,slow in response,showed reduced food/water intake,body temperature,and body weight,increased respiratory rate,and their tongue color had changed from light red to dark red.However,treatment with FBR-2 significantly improved these symptoms.Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber deposition were observed in the lung tissues of the model group.Compared with the blank group,the levels of hydroxyproline,IL-33,and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the model group significantly increased(all P<.05),whereas that of tissue plasminogen activator significantly decreased on the 14th day and 28th day(P=.036 and P=.005,respectively).Moreover,FBR-2 improved lung inflammation and fibrinolysis imbalance and reduced collagen fiber deposition.Conclusion:To some extent,our bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model exhibited traditional Chinese medicine patterns of qi deficiency,blood stasis,and heat retention.展开更多
BACKGROUND：Pancreatic stellate cells（PSCs）play a critical role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis.In this study we used a novel method to isolate and culture rat PSCs and then investigated the inhibitory eff...BACKGROUND：Pancreatic stellate cells（PSCs）play a critical role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis.In this study we used a novel method to isolate and culture rat PSCs and then investigated the inhibitory effects of adipose-derived stem cells（ADSCs）on activation and proliferation of PSCs.METHODS：Pancreatic tissue was obtained from SpragueDawley rats for PSCs isolation.Transwell cell cultures were adopted for co-culture of ADSCs and PSCs. PSCs prolifera- tion and apoptosis were determined using CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively, a-SMA expressions were analyzed using Western blotting. The levels of cytokines [nerve growth factor （NGF）, interleukin-10 （IL-10） and transforming growth factor-ill （TGF-[31）] in conditioned medium were detected by ELISA. Gene expression （MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1） was analyzed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS： This method produced 17.6_＋6.5 ~ 103 ceils per gram of the body weight with a purity of 90%-95% and a viability of 92%-97%. Co-culture of PSCs with ADSCs significantly inhib- ited PSCs proliferation and induced PSCs apoptosis. Moreover, a-SMA expression was significantly reduced in PSCs＋ADSCs compared with that in PSC-only cultures, while expression of fibrinolytic proteins （e.g., MMP-2 and MMP-9） was upregulated and anti-fibrinolytic protein （TIMP-1） was downregulated. In addition, NGF expression was up-regulated, but IL-10 and TGF-β1 expressions were down-regulated in the coculture conditioned medium compared with those in the PSC- only culture medium. CONCLUSIONS： This study provided an easy and reliable technique to isolate PSCs. The data demonstrated the inhibitory effects of ADSCs on the activation and proliferation of PSCs in vitro.展开更多
Objective:To study the biological activities of the tissue extract of Cantharus tranquebaricus(C.tranquebaricus).Methods:Crude extract of gastropod was tested for inhibition of bacterial growth.Antibacterial assay was...Objective:To study the biological activities of the tissue extract of Cantharus tranquebaricus(C.tranquebaricus).Methods:Crude extract of gastropod was tested for inhibition of bacterial growth.Antibacterial assay was carried out by disc diffusion method and the activity was measured accordingly based on the inhibition zone around the disc impregnated with gastropod extract.Molecular weight of the extract was determined by using SDS-PAGE.Plasma coagulation,Fibrin plate assay and substrate SDS-PAGE were used to determine the effect of sample on plasma coagulation,fibrin(ogen)olytic and proteolytic;activity.Results:The maximum inhibition zone(10 mm)was observed against Vibrio cholera(V.cholera)and minimum inhibition zone(2 mm)was noticed against Proteus mirablis(P.mirablis).The molecular weight was determined as 47-106kDa.The tissue extract shows proteolytic activity above 48 kDa.SDS-PAGE analysis of fibrinogen after incubation with the tissue extract showed fibrinogenolytic activity.In plasma coagulation assay C.tranquebaricus tissue extract showed procoagulant property and it coagulated chicken plasma within 150 s,while control took 5 min to clot.The 9 HU hemolytic units were found against chicken blood and also exhibit high level of brine shrimp lethality.Conclusions:This study suggests that C.tranquebaricus could be used as potential source for isolating bioactive compounds,since it is explored first time and found with promising results.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this work was to investigate the distribution pattern of fibrinolytic factors and their inhibitors in rabbit tissues. Methods: The components of the fibrinolytic system in extracts from a var...Objective: The purpose of this work was to investigate the distribution pattern of fibrinolytic factors and their inhibitors in rabbit tissues. Methods: The components of the fibrinolytic system in extracts from a variety of rabbit tissues, including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), plasminogen (Plg), plasmin (Pl) and α2 plasmin inhibitor (α2PI), were determined by colorimetric assay. Results: The tissue extracts in renal, small intestine, lung, brain and spleen demonstrated strong fibrinolytic function, in which high activity of tPA, Plg and Pl was manifested; whereas in skeletal muscle, tongue and stomach, higher activity of PAI-1 and α2PI showed obviously. Also excellent linear correlations were found between levels of tPA and PAI-1, Pl and α2PI, Plg and Pl. In related tissues, renal cortex and renal marrow showed distinctly higher activity of tPA and lower activity of PAI-1, with the levels of Plg and Pl in renal cortex being higher than those in renal marrow, where the α2PI level was higher than that in renal cortex. Similarly, the levels of tPA, Plg and Pl in small intestine were higher than those in large intestine, but with respect to PAI-1 and α2PI, the matter was reverse. In addition, the fibrinolytic activity in muscle tissue was lower, however, the levels of tPA, Plg, and Pl in cardiac muscle were obviously higher than those in skeletal muscles, and the levels of PAI-1 and α2PI were significantly lower than those in skeletal muscle. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that a remarkable difference of the fibrinolytic patterns exists in rabbit tissues, which has probable profound significance in understanding the relationship between the function of haemostasis or thrombosis and the physiologic function in tissues.展开更多
By using equilibrium dialysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, fluorescence titration and determination of fluorescence lifetime, it can be determined that each fibrinolytic principle(FP) molecule contains one Ca 2...By using equilibrium dialysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, fluorescence titration and determination of fluorescence lifetime, it can be determined that each fibrinolytic principle(FP) molecule contains one Ca 2+ binding site and one Ca 2+ ion. The energy transfer between Tb 3+ and the Trp residue in FP was studied through fluorescence spectroscopy. Our studies show that the Ca 2+ ion in an FP molecule can be substituted by Tb 3+ ion. In FP molecule, the excition energy can be transfered from the Trp residue as an energy donor to Tb 3+ as an acceptor, substituted into FP and located near the Trp residue. The distance between Tb 3+ and the Trp residue, ～0 375 nm, was worked out with the experimental data and Forster theory.展开更多
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fibrinolytic response to exercise in patients with unstable angina pectoris(UAP) compared with an age - matched control group. Methods We measuredtissure- type p...Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fibrinolytic response to exercise in patients with unstable angina pectoris(UAP) compared with an age - matched control group. Methods We measuredtissure- type plasminogen activator (t- PA) activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI- 1) activitybefore and after treadmill exercise test in 20 healthy subjects and 25 patients with UAP. ResultsResting t - PA activities were similar between two groups, but resting PAI- 1 activity was higher in UAP groupthan in control. Although both groups showed significant increase in t- PA activity with exercise, post - exerciset - PA activity was significantly lower in patients with UAP than in control (0.96± 0.45IU/ml vs 1.89± 0.68I U/ml,P<0.01), Post - exercise PAI- 1 activity was still much higher in UAP group than in control (8.20±2.28A U/ml vs4.21± 0.68A U/ml, P<0.01). Conclusion There existed impaired fibrinolysis in patients with UAP not only at restbut also alter exercise loading.展开更多
In order to obtain all the properties of fermented ginseng, we fermented ginseng using Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) isolated from Cheonggukjang. A sterilized ginseng medium was made with 4-year-old ginseng powder a...In order to obtain all the properties of fermented ginseng, we fermented ginseng using Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) isolated from Cheonggukjang. A sterilized ginseng medium was made with 4-year-old ginseng powder and distilled water (300% ginseng powder [w/w]), and the ginseng was fermented by B. subtilis (1% ginseng medium) followed by incubation at 37°C for 3, 5, 7, and 10 days. The growth of B. subtilis in the ginseng medium significantly increased up to 9 log CFU/g, but no significant difference was observed after 3 days. As the fermentation progressed, the ginsenoside Rd and Rg+Rh1 contents increased by 255.3% - 322.5% and 165.6% - 228.6%, respectively, whereas the Rc, Re, and Rg1 contents decreased by 30.7% - 39.6%, 10.5% - 12.8%, and 16.2% - 16.6%, respectively. After 3 days of fermentation, a 6.25% - 7.12% viscous substance was produced;thereafter, the viscous substance was gradually reduced until it disappeared. The viscosity of the medium significantly decreased with a longer fermentation time. Fibrinolytic activity increased during 3 - 10 days of fermentation, indicating a relative activity of 85.0% - 100.0%.展开更多
The fibrinoiytic activity of peritoneal fluid (PF) and the incidence of luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUFS) in 36 infertile women with endometriosis and 27 without endometriosis were studied The results sho...The fibrinoiytic activity of peritoneal fluid (PF) and the incidence of luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUFS) in 36 infertile women with endometriosis and 27 without endometriosis were studied The results showed that tissue plasminapen activity was significantly diminsihed during the early luteal phase in patients with endometriosis (P<0.05), but no significant difference between these two groups during the late follicular phase, and reduction of t -PA activity was associated with the incidence of LUF. It is postulated that decreare in t-PA activity due to LUF maybe resposible for infertility.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Pediatric complicated community-acquired pneumonia(CCAP)is on the rise.The three subtypes include para-pneumonic effusion(PPE),necrotizing pneumonia(NP),and empyema.AIM To study different sub-types of pediatric CCAP,and compare their etiology,clinical profile,and outcome in the post-pneumococcal vaccination era.METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted over a 2-year period.All details(demographics,clinical,management,and outcomes)were recorded.Continuous data were presented either as mean and SD,or as median and interquartile range.Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages(%).Data were analyzed by using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows,version 21(IBM Corp.,Armonk,NY,United States).RESULTS Of the 80 cases included(71%aged 4-8 years),the distribution was as follows:PPE(42%),empyema(39%),and NP(19%).Bacterial etiology was identified in 28%(empyema 63%,P=0.012).Staphylococcus aureus(45%)was most common followed by Escherichia coli(E.coli)(22.7%),and Streptococcus pneumoniae(13.6%).Patients with empyema,compared to PPE and NP,were less likely to receive prior antibiotics(32%vs 56%and 58%,respectively,P=0.03).Duration(days,mean±SD)of hospitalization was longer in children with NP compared to empyema and PPE(17.7±9.8,16.1±7.5,and 13.6±4.2,respectively).All children recovered with the medical management except 2 children requiring decortication.CONCLUSION Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli are the most common bacterial etiology in the post-pneumococcal vaccination era.Empyema might be related to a delay in antibiotics administration.NP is the most severe pediatric CCAP with prolonged hospitalization.
基金supported by grants from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020-JYB-ZDGG-032)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104352)。
文摘Objective:EPF3 is a fibrinolysin monomer isolated and purified from Pheretima vulgaris Chen,an earthworm used in traditional Chinese medicine as Dilong for treating blood stasis syndrome.Its composition,anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activities,and relevant mechanisms have been confirmed through in vitro experiments.However,whether it has antithrombotic effects in vivo and can be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract is unknown.This study evaluates the antithrombotic effect in zebrafish and investigates the gastrointestinal stability and intestinal absorption mechanism of this protein in vitro.Methods:The antithrombotic effect of EPF3 in vivo was verified using the zebrafish thrombus model induced by arachidonic acid and FeCl3.Then,the protein bands of EPF3 incubated with simulated gastric fluid(SGF),simulated intestinal fluid(SIF),and homogenate of Caco-2 cells(HC2C)were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to evaluate its gastrointestinal stability.Finally,the transport behavior and absorption mechanism of EPF3 were studied using Caco-2 cell monolayer.Results:EPF3 could significantly enhance the returned blood volume and blood flow velocity in zebrafish with platelet aggregation thrombus induced by arachidonic acid.It could also prolong the formation time of tail artery thrombus and increase the blood flow velocity in zebrafish with vessel injury thrombus induced by FeCl3.EPF3 was stable in SIF and HC2C and unstable in SGF.The permeability of EPF3 in Caco-2 monolayer was time-dependent and concentration-dependent.The efflux ratio was less than1.2 during transport,and the transport behavior was not affected by inhibitors.EPF3 could reversibly reduce the expression of tight junction-related proteins,including zonula occludens-1,occludin,and claudin-1 in Caco-2 cells.Conclusion:EPF3 could play a thrombolytic and antithrombotic role in zebrafish.It could be transported and absorbed into the intestine through cellular bypass pathway by opening the intestinal epithelium tight junction.This study provides a scientific explanation for the antithrombotic effect of earthworm and provides a basis for the feasibility of subsequent development of EPF3 as an antithrombotic enteric-soluble preparation.Please cite this article as:Zhong WL,Yang JQ,Liu H,Wu YL,Shen HJ,Li PY,Du SY.Antithrombotic effect in zebrafish of a fibrinolytic protein EPF3 from Dilong(Pheretima vulgaris Chen)and its transport mechanism in Caco-2 monolayer through cell bypass pathway.J Integr Med.2025;23(4):415–428.
基金Supported by Research facilities at the James A Haley VA Hospitalin part+3 种基金Grants from the Florida King Biomedical Research Programthe Muscular Dystrophy Associationthe Robert O Law Foundationthe Cornelius Foundation
文摘The Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction(MI) requires cardiac myocyte necrosis with an increase and/or a decrease in a patient's plasma of cardiac troponin(cT n) with at least one cT n measurement greater than the 99 th percentile of the upper normal reference limit during:(1) symptoms of myocardialischemia;(2) new significant electrocardiogram(ECG) ST-segment/T-wave changes or left bundle branch block;(3) the development of pathological ECG Q waves;(4) new loss of viable myocardium or regional wall motion abnormality identified by an imaging procedure; or(5) identification of intracoronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy.Myocardial infarction,when diagnosed,is now classified into five types.Detection of a rise and a fall of troponin are essential to the diagnosis of acute MI.However,high sensitivity troponin assays can increase the sensitivity but decrease the specificity of MI diagnosis.The ECG remains a cornerstone in the diagnosis of MI and should be frequently repeated,especially if the initial ECG is not diagnostic of MI.There have been significant advances in adjunctive pharmacotherapy,procedural techniques and stent technology in the treatment of patients with MIs.The routine use of antiplatelet agents such as clopidogrel,prasugrel or ticagrelor,in addition to aspirin,reduces patient morbidity and mortality.Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in a timely manner is the primary treatment of patients with acute ST segment elevation MI.Drug eluting coronary stents are safe and beneficial with primary coronary intervention.Treatment with direct thrombin inhibitors during PCI is non-inferior to unfractionated heparin and glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor antagonists and is associated with a significant reduction in bleeding.The intra-coronary use of a glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa antagonist can reduce infarct size.Pre- and post-conditioning techniques can provide additional cardioprotection.However,the incidence and mortality due to MI continues to be high despite all these recent advances.The initial ten year experience with autologous human bone marrow mononuclear cells(BMCs) in patients with MI showed modest but significant increases in left ventricular(LV) ejection fraction,decreases in LV endsystolic volume and reductions in MI size.These studies established that the intramyocardial or intracoronary administration of stem cells is safe.However,many of these studies consisted of small numbers of patients who were not randomized to BMCs or placebo.The recent LateT ime,Time,and Swiss Multicenter Trials in patientswith MI did not demonstrate significant improvement in patient LV ejection fraction with BMCs in comparison with placebo.Possible explanations include the early use of PCI in these patients,heterogeneous BMC populations which died prematurely from patients with chronic ischemic disease,red blood cell contamination which decreases BMC renewal,and heparin which decreases BMC migration.In contrast,cardiac stem cells from the right atrial appendage and ventricular septum and apex in the SCIPIO and CADUCEUS Trials appear to reduce patient MI size and increase viable myocardium.Additional clinical studies with cardiac stem cells are in progress.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81660664)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20192ACBL21032,20192BBGL70051,20192BAB205098,20171BAB21 5061,GJJ150844,GJJ160858)+1 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission(2017Z016)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2014BS013).
文摘A strong fibrinolytic activity was demonstrated in the Semen Sojae Praeparatum(SSP), which is a famous traditional Chinese medicine. To study the activities and dynamic changes of fibrinolytic enzyme, standard fibrin plate was used to determine the fibrinolytic activity. For the first time fibrinolytic enzyme was found during the fermentation of SSP and the fibrinolytic activities of samples were shown to increase significantly over time. In the "yellow cladding" stage, the fibrinolytic activity was 619.75 IU/g. On day 6, 12 and 15 of the "secondary fermentation" stage, the fibrinolytic activity was 711.49 IU/g, 866.67 IU/g, 1 022.31 IU/g, respectively. The results indicate that fibrinolytic enzyme was generated during the fermentation of SSP and it displayed increasing activity which peaked at the "secondary fermentation" stage. The fibrinolytic enzyme was found to not only degrades fibrin directly, but also activate plasminogen to do so.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Research Project during the 11th Five-Year Plan period of Hebei Province,China(06220106D)
文摘The gene encoding fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus sp.zlw-2 was cloned and sequenced(accession no.EU734749),which was 1146 bp,encoded 381 amino acids and had 99%homology with Nattokinase YF308 and NAT.The genes encoding pre-pro-fibrinolytic enzyme(including signal peptide,propeptide,and mature peptide)and fibrinolytic enzyme(including mature peptide)were cloned into pET28a vector respectively and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).The recombinant ofpre-pro-fibrinolytic enzyme showed enzyme activity of 183 U mL^-1,while no detectable enzyme activity could be found from the recombinant of the mature peptide.
基金supported by the Research Grant for Faculty(Grant No.R&J/Budget/2011-12/251)
文摘Objective:To isolate,partially purify and evaluate the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of a serine protease from the chosen Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma.Methods:Whole animal extract was prepared and purified its protein constituents by size and charge based chromatographic separation techniques using Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-Cellulose resin respectively.Average molecular weight of the protein isolate was determined and analyzed for its cytotoxic property against Vero cells in different dilutions(1:20 and 1:40)and anti-tumor activity by MTT assay(a colorimetric assay)using breast cancer cell line MCF-7,with tamoxifen as standard.Results:One of the protein constituents after purification was characterized as serine protease by Caseinolytic plate diffusion assay.Average molecular weight of this purified isolate was determined,by SDS-PAGE analysis with standard protein ladder,as of 15 kDa.The performed tests suggested that the 15kDa fraction has potent cytotoxic activity and satisfactory antitumor activity as well in vitro.Conclusions:Exact molecular mechanism of the cytotoxic and antitumor activities is yet to be explored and currently we are working on ultra-purification and biophysical characterization of this fraction.Further investigation into the mechanism(s)of cytotoxic and antitumor activities at molecular level would be useful in treatment of various classes of cancer and viral infections in future.
文摘A novel potent protease, Urechis unicinctus fibrinolytic enzyme （UFE）, was firstly discovered. The enzymatic properties of UFE were further investigated.As a low molecular mass protein,UFE appeared to be very stable to heat and pH.When temperature was below 50 ℃ ,the remnant enzyme activity remained almost unchanged, but when temperature was raised to 60 ℃ ,the remnant enzyme activity began to decrease rapidly. UFE was quite stable in the range of pH value from 3 to 12,especially in slightly alkaline pH value.Mn^2＋ ,Cu^2＋ and Fe^2＋ ions were activators of UFE, while Fe^3＋ and Ag^＋ ions were inhibitors of UFE.Fe^2＋ ion along with Fe^3＋ ion might regulate UFE activity in vivo. The optimum pH and temperature of UFE were about 8 and 50 ℃ ,respectively. Other characteristics of this enzyme were also studied. Systematic research results are significant when UFE is applied for medical and industrial purposes.
基金supported by a grant from the Ministry of Environmental Protection (No. 200909036)
文摘Thrombus disease, one of the common cardiovascular diseases, has attracted worldwide at- tention for its rising mortality and morbidity. Due to the distinct shortages of current fibrinolytic drugs, new fibrinolytic agents warrant investigation. In this study, 8 fibrinolytic enzyme-producing strains were isolated from Douchi--a traditional Chinese food, and strain XY-1 which produced the largest amount of the enzyme was chosen for the following experiments. The enzyme produced by strain XY-1 was named Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme （DFE）. We optimized the liquid culture medium of strain XY-1 for enzyme production using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design. The predicted maximal DFE yield was 19.78 FU/mL with 11.4 g/L peptone, 0.5 g/L magnesium sulfate and 1 g/L sodium chloride. How- ever, we acquired maximal production of 21.33 FU/mL in actual experiments, equal to 107.84% of the theoretical value, and the yield had been increased by 79.55% as compared to the yield of un-optimized culture. It was demonstrated that the combined use of Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology in fermentation optimization can effectively and rapidly increase DFE production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81271692
文摘Stroke is usually treated by systemic thrombolytic therapy if the patient presents within an appropriate time window. There is also widespread interest in the development of thrombolytic agents that can be used in cases of delayed presentation. Current agents that can be used in cases of delayed presentation of nerve damage by thrombus. Current systemic thrombolytic therapy is associated with adverse effects such as fibrinogenolysis and bleeding. In an attempt to increase the efficacy, safety, and specificity of thrombolytic therapy, a number of targeted thrombolytic agents have been studied in recent years. This review focuses on the concepts underlying targeted thrombolytic therapy and describes recent drug developments in this field.
文摘To study the changes of the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and pathology in temporal infarction of rats photochemically induced and the effects of batroxobin. METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique and hematoxylin-eosin stain was used to show the changes of the expression of GAP-43 and pathology. RESULTS: In infarction group, GAP-43 expression was markedly increased on the infarction and surrounding tissues at 24 h cerebral infarction. The expression reached peak level at 72 h after cerebral infarction and was decreased at 7 d after cerebral infarction. However, in batroxobin-treated group, GAP-43 expression was increased and the pathological changes were much slight as compared with infarction group. CONCLUSION: The expression of GAP-43 increases in infarction of temporal neocortex and batroxobin promotes the expression of GAP-43 and ameliorates the pathological changes in infarction of temporal neocortex.
文摘BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia and ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)increase QT dispersion(QTD)and corrected QT dispersion(QTcD),and are also associated with ventricular arrhythmia.AIM To evaluate the effects of reperfusion strategy[primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI)or fibrinolytic therapy]on QTD and QTcD in STEMI patients and assess the impact of the chosen strategy on the occurrence of in-hospital arrhythmia.METHODS This prospective,observational,multicenter study included 240 patients admitted with STEMI who were treated with either PPCI(group I)or fibrinolytic therapy(group II).QTD and QTcD were measured on admission and 24 hr after reperfusion,and patients were observed to detect in-hospital arrhythmia.RESULTS There were significant reductions in QTD and QTcD from admission to 24 hr in both group I and group II patients.QTD and QTcD were found to be shorter in group I patients at 24 hr than those in group II(53±19 msec vs 60±18 msec,P=0.005 and 60±21 msec vs 69+22 msec,P=0.003,respectively).The occurrence of in-hospital arrhythmia was significantly more frequent in group II than in group I(25 patients,20.8%vs 8 patients,6.7%,P=0.001).Furthermore,QTD and QTcD were higher in patients with in-hospital arrhythmia than those without(P=0.001 and P=0.02,respectively).CONCLUSION In STEMI patients,PPCI and fibrinolytic therapy effectively reduced QTD and QTcD,with a higher observed reduction using PPCI.PPCI was associated with a lower incidence of in-hospital arrhythmia than fibrinolytic therapy.In addition,QTD and QTcD were shorter in patients not experiencing in-hospital arrhythmia than those with arrhythmia.
基金This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(7202118).
文摘Objective:To initially explore traditional Chinese medicine patterns in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model.Methods:Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were divided by the random number table method(with 12 rats per group)into three groups:a blank group,a model group,and a number 2 Feibi recipe(FBR-2)group.The pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin.The FBR-2 group was treated with FBR-2 for 4 weeks.Symptoms in the mice such as mental behavior,food/water intake,body weight,body temperature,respiratory rate,and tongue image were observed.The samples were collected on the 14th day and 28th day after modeling,and lung tissues were visually assessed and microscopically evaluated by staining with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson.The expression levels of hydroxyproline,interleukin(IL)-33,IL-37,tissue plasminogen activator,and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Mice in the model group were poor in spirit,less active,slow in response,showed reduced food/water intake,body temperature,and body weight,increased respiratory rate,and their tongue color had changed from light red to dark red.However,treatment with FBR-2 significantly improved these symptoms.Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber deposition were observed in the lung tissues of the model group.Compared with the blank group,the levels of hydroxyproline,IL-33,and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the model group significantly increased(all P<.05),whereas that of tissue plasminogen activator significantly decreased on the 14th day and 28th day(P=.036 and P=.005,respectively).Moreover,FBR-2 improved lung inflammation and fibrinolysis imbalance and reduced collagen fiber deposition.Conclusion:To some extent,our bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model exhibited traditional Chinese medicine patterns of qi deficiency,blood stasis,and heat retention.
基金supported in part by a grant from Zhejiang Province Key Surgery Projects(Zhejiang High-Tech 2008-255)
文摘BACKGROUND：Pancreatic stellate cells（PSCs）play a critical role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis.In this study we used a novel method to isolate and culture rat PSCs and then investigated the inhibitory effects of adipose-derived stem cells（ADSCs）on activation and proliferation of PSCs.METHODS：Pancreatic tissue was obtained from SpragueDawley rats for PSCs isolation.Transwell cell cultures were adopted for co-culture of ADSCs and PSCs. PSCs prolifera- tion and apoptosis were determined using CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively, a-SMA expressions were analyzed using Western blotting. The levels of cytokines [nerve growth factor （NGF）, interleukin-10 （IL-10） and transforming growth factor-ill （TGF-[31）] in conditioned medium were detected by ELISA. Gene expression （MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1） was analyzed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS： This method produced 17.6_＋6.5 ~ 103 ceils per gram of the body weight with a purity of 90%-95% and a viability of 92%-97%. Co-culture of PSCs with ADSCs significantly inhib- ited PSCs proliferation and induced PSCs apoptosis. Moreover, a-SMA expression was significantly reduced in PSCs＋ADSCs compared with that in PSC-only cultures, while expression of fibrinolytic proteins （e.g., MMP-2 and MMP-9） was upregulated and anti-fibrinolytic protein （TIMP-1） was downregulated. In addition, NGF expression was up-regulated, but IL-10 and TGF-β1 expressions were down-regulated in the coculture conditioned medium compared with those in the PSC- only culture medium. CONCLUSIONS： This study provided an easy and reliable technique to isolate PSCs. The data demonstrated the inhibitory effects of ADSCs on the activation and proliferation of PSCs in vitro.
基金grateful to UGC[G4/9493]and MoES[G4/12319]for providing financial support
文摘Objective:To study the biological activities of the tissue extract of Cantharus tranquebaricus(C.tranquebaricus).Methods:Crude extract of gastropod was tested for inhibition of bacterial growth.Antibacterial assay was carried out by disc diffusion method and the activity was measured accordingly based on the inhibition zone around the disc impregnated with gastropod extract.Molecular weight of the extract was determined by using SDS-PAGE.Plasma coagulation,Fibrin plate assay and substrate SDS-PAGE were used to determine the effect of sample on plasma coagulation,fibrin(ogen)olytic and proteolytic;activity.Results:The maximum inhibition zone(10 mm)was observed against Vibrio cholera(V.cholera)and minimum inhibition zone(2 mm)was noticed against Proteus mirablis(P.mirablis).The molecular weight was determined as 47-106kDa.The tissue extract shows proteolytic activity above 48 kDa.SDS-PAGE analysis of fibrinogen after incubation with the tissue extract showed fibrinogenolytic activity.In plasma coagulation assay C.tranquebaricus tissue extract showed procoagulant property and it coagulated chicken plasma within 150 s,while control took 5 min to clot.The 9 HU hemolytic units were found against chicken blood and also exhibit high level of brine shrimp lethality.Conclusions:This study suggests that C.tranquebaricus could be used as potential source for isolating bioactive compounds,since it is explored first time and found with promising results.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this work was to investigate the distribution pattern of fibrinolytic factors and their inhibitors in rabbit tissues. Methods: The components of the fibrinolytic system in extracts from a variety of rabbit tissues, including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), plasminogen (Plg), plasmin (Pl) and α2 plasmin inhibitor (α2PI), were determined by colorimetric assay. Results: The tissue extracts in renal, small intestine, lung, brain and spleen demonstrated strong fibrinolytic function, in which high activity of tPA, Plg and Pl was manifested; whereas in skeletal muscle, tongue and stomach, higher activity of PAI-1 and α2PI showed obviously. Also excellent linear correlations were found between levels of tPA and PAI-1, Pl and α2PI, Plg and Pl. In related tissues, renal cortex and renal marrow showed distinctly higher activity of tPA and lower activity of PAI-1, with the levels of Plg and Pl in renal cortex being higher than those in renal marrow, where the α2PI level was higher than that in renal cortex. Similarly, the levels of tPA, Plg and Pl in small intestine were higher than those in large intestine, but with respect to PAI-1 and α2PI, the matter was reverse. In addition, the fibrinolytic activity in muscle tissue was lower, however, the levels of tPA, Plg, and Pl in cardiac muscle were obviously higher than those in skeletal muscles, and the levels of PAI-1 and α2PI were significantly lower than those in skeletal muscle. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that a remarkable difference of the fibrinolytic patterns exists in rabbit tissues, which has probable profound significance in understanding the relationship between the function of haemostasis or thrombosis and the physiologic function in tissues.
文摘By using equilibrium dialysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, fluorescence titration and determination of fluorescence lifetime, it can be determined that each fibrinolytic principle(FP) molecule contains one Ca 2+ binding site and one Ca 2+ ion. The energy transfer between Tb 3+ and the Trp residue in FP was studied through fluorescence spectroscopy. Our studies show that the Ca 2+ ion in an FP molecule can be substituted by Tb 3+ ion. In FP molecule, the excition energy can be transfered from the Trp residue as an energy donor to Tb 3+ as an acceptor, substituted into FP and located near the Trp residue. The distance between Tb 3+ and the Trp residue, ～0 375 nm, was worked out with the experimental data and Forster theory.
文摘Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fibrinolytic response to exercise in patients with unstable angina pectoris(UAP) compared with an age - matched control group. Methods We measuredtissure- type plasminogen activator (t- PA) activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI- 1) activitybefore and after treadmill exercise test in 20 healthy subjects and 25 patients with UAP. ResultsResting t - PA activities were similar between two groups, but resting PAI- 1 activity was higher in UAP groupthan in control. Although both groups showed significant increase in t- PA activity with exercise, post - exerciset - PA activity was significantly lower in patients with UAP than in control (0.96± 0.45IU/ml vs 1.89± 0.68I U/ml,P<0.01), Post - exercise PAI- 1 activity was still much higher in UAP group than in control (8.20±2.28A U/ml vs4.21± 0.68A U/ml, P<0.01). Conclusion There existed impaired fibrinolysis in patients with UAP not only at restbut also alter exercise loading.
文摘In order to obtain all the properties of fermented ginseng, we fermented ginseng using Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) isolated from Cheonggukjang. A sterilized ginseng medium was made with 4-year-old ginseng powder and distilled water (300% ginseng powder [w/w]), and the ginseng was fermented by B. subtilis (1% ginseng medium) followed by incubation at 37°C for 3, 5, 7, and 10 days. The growth of B. subtilis in the ginseng medium significantly increased up to 9 log CFU/g, but no significant difference was observed after 3 days. As the fermentation progressed, the ginsenoside Rd and Rg+Rh1 contents increased by 255.3% - 322.5% and 165.6% - 228.6%, respectively, whereas the Rc, Re, and Rg1 contents decreased by 30.7% - 39.6%, 10.5% - 12.8%, and 16.2% - 16.6%, respectively. After 3 days of fermentation, a 6.25% - 7.12% viscous substance was produced;thereafter, the viscous substance was gradually reduced until it disappeared. The viscosity of the medium significantly decreased with a longer fermentation time. Fibrinolytic activity increased during 3 - 10 days of fermentation, indicating a relative activity of 85.0% - 100.0%.
文摘The fibrinoiytic activity of peritoneal fluid (PF) and the incidence of luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUFS) in 36 infertile women with endometriosis and 27 without endometriosis were studied The results showed that tissue plasminapen activity was significantly diminsihed during the early luteal phase in patients with endometriosis (P<0.05), but no significant difference between these two groups during the late follicular phase, and reduction of t -PA activity was associated with the incidence of LUF. It is postulated that decreare in t-PA activity due to LUF maybe resposible for infertility.
