Objectives:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC),the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),exhibits a mesenchymal phenotype characterized by fibrotic stroma and poor prognosis.Human epididymis protei...Objectives:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC),the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),exhibits a mesenchymal phenotype characterized by fibrotic stroma and poor prognosis.Human epididymis protein 4(HE4),a key diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer,is involved in fibrotic processes in several non-malignant diseases.Given the clinical significance of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC and the potential link between HE4 and fibrosis,this study aimed to investigate the role of HE4 in the formation of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC.Methods:A total of 126 patients with gynecological conditions were included and divided into normal,benign,and EOC groups.Tissue stiffness was quantitatively measured and analyzed for its correlation with clinicopathological features.We further investigated the correlation between tumor stiffness and the expression levels of HE4 and fibroblast activation markers(α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and fibroblast activation protein(FAP))in tumor tissues from 22 HGSOC patients.In vitro,primary fibroblasts were treated with recombinant HE4(rHE4)or conditioned media from HE4-knockdown ovarian cancer cells to assess fibroblasts activation and matrix contractility(Collagen gel contraction assays).In vivo,a subcutaneous xenograft model using HE4-knockdown cells was established to evaluate the effects of HE4 suppression on tumor growth and extensive extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling.Results:Ovarian cancer tissues showed significantly increased stiffness compared to benign/normal groups,showing positive correlation with serum HE4 levels.High-stiffness HGSOC tumors exhibited upregulated expression of HE4,α-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.rHE4 stimulated fibroblast activation and enhanced matrix contractility,whereas HE4 knockdown in cancer cells abrogated these pro-fibrotic effects.In vivo,HE4-silenced xenografts displayed restricted tumor growth accompanied by reduced stromal expression ofα-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that HE4 may facilitate ECM remodeling in HGSOC through promoting fibroblast activation and increasing collagen deposition.展开更多
BN coated A1203 fibre-reinforced NiAl-alloy composites were fabricated by hot pressing at 1 200-1 400 ℃, and the interracial microstructure and chemical stability of BN coated Al2O3 fibre-reinforced NiAl-alloy compos...BN coated A1203 fibre-reinforced NiAl-alloy composites were fabricated by hot pressing at 1 200-1 400 ℃, and the interracial microstructure and chemical stability of BN coated Al2O3 fibre-reinforced NiAl-alloy composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and analytical transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was found that the complicated chemical reactions and diffusion processes happened in the interface area between BN-layer and Ni25.8A19.6Ta8.3 during the hot pressing at 1 200-1 400 ℃. A continuous AlN-layer was formed at the interface due to the reaction between NiAl and BN. At the same time, Cr diffused extensively into the BN-layer and reacted with boron to form Cr boride precipitates （CrsB3）. In addition, a few particles of Ta-rich phase were also precipitated in NiAl matrix near the interface.展开更多
Titanium metal matrix composites （TiMMCs） reinforced by continuous silicon carbide fibres are being developed for aerospace applications. TiMMCs manufactured by the consolidation of matrix-coated fibre （MCF） metho...Titanium metal matrix composites （TiMMCs） reinforced by continuous silicon carbide fibres are being developed for aerospace applications. TiMMCs manufactured by the consolidation of matrix-coated fibre （MCF） method offer optimum properties because of the resulting uniform fibre distribution, minimum fibre damage and fibre volume fraction control. In this paper, the consolidation of Ti-6Al-4V matrix-coated SiC fibres during vacuum hot pressing has been investigated. Experiments were carried out on multi-ply MCFs under vacuum hot pressing （VHP）. In contrast to most of existing studies, the fibre, arrangement has been carefully controlled either in square or hexagonal arrays throughout the consolidated sample. This has enabled the dynamic consolidation behaviour of MCFs to be demonstrated by eliminating the fibre re-arrangement during the VHP process. The microstructural evolution of the matrix coating was reported and the deformation mechanisms involved were discussed.展开更多
Annulus fibrosus （AF） tissue engineering has recently received increasing attention as a treatment for intervertebral disc 0VD） degeneration; however, such engineering remains challenging because of the remarkable ...Annulus fibrosus （AF） tissue engineering has recently received increasing attention as a treatment for intervertebral disc 0VD） degeneration; however, such engineering remains challenging because of the remarkable complexity of AF tissue. In order to engineer a functional AF replacement, the fabrication of cell-scaffold constructs that mimic the cellular, biochemical and structural features of native AF tissue is critical. In this study, we fabricated aligned fibroua polyurethane scaffolds using an electrospinning technique and used them for culturing AF-derived-stem/progenitor cells （AFSCs）. Random fibrous scaffolds, also prepared via electrospinningy were used as a control. We compared the morphology, proliferation, gene expression and matrix production of AFSCs on aligned scaffolds and random scaffolds. There was no apparent difference in the attachment or proliferation of cells cultured on aligned scaffolds and random scaffolds. However, compared to cells on random scaffolds, the AFSCs on aligned scaffolds were more elongated and better aligned, and they exhibited higher gene expression and matrix production of coUagen-I and aggrecan. The gene expression and protein production of coUagen-II did not appear to differ between the two groups. Together, these findings indicate that aligned fibrous scaffolds may provide a favourable microenvironment for the differentiation of AFSCs into cells similar to outer AF cells, which predominantly produce collagen-I matrix.展开更多
This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are inf...This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are influenced by the compounding process,which incorporates ingredients such as elastomers,vulcanizing agents,accelerators,activators,and fillers like carbon black and silica.While effective in enhancing properties,these fillers lack biodegradability,prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives.The potential of natural fibres as renewable reinforcements in NR composites is thoroughly covered in this review,highlighting both their advan-tages,such as improved sustainability,and the challenges they present,such as compatibility with the rubber matrix.Surface treatment methods,including alkali and silane treatments,are also discussed as solutions to improve fibre-matrix adhesion and mitigate these challenges.Additionally,the review highlights the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch(EFB)fibres as a natural fibre reinforcement.The abundance of EFB fibres and their alignment with sustainable practices make them promising substitutes for conventional fillers,contributing to valuable knowledge and supporting the broader move towards renewable reinforcement to improve sustain-ability without compromising the key properties of rubber composites.展开更多
The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly recognised.Dietary strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated promis...The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly recognised.Dietary strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated promise.While changes in dietary intake can rapidly change the GI microbiota,the impact of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain uncertain.Dietary fibre is metabolised by carbohydrate-active enzymes and,in health,can alter GI microbiota.The aim of this scoping review was to describe the effects of dietary fibre supplementation in health and disease states,specifically during critical illness.Randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that include adults(>18 years age)and reported changes to GI microbiota as one of the study outcomes using non-culture methods,were identified.Studies show dietary fibres have an impact on faecal microbiota in health and disease.The fibre,inulin,has a marked and specific effect on increasing the abundance of faecal Bifidobacteria.Short chain fatty acids produced by Bifidobacteria have been shown to be beneficial in other patient populations.Very few trials have evaluated the effect of dietary fibre on the GI microbiota during critical illness.More research is necessary to establish optimal fibre type,doses,duration of intervention in critical illness.展开更多
Real-time assessment of slope reinforcements to diagnose their state in all stages of service life is imperative for prompt evaluation of slope stability and establishing an efficient early warning(EW)system.Many poin...Real-time assessment of slope reinforcements to diagnose their state in all stages of service life is imperative for prompt evaluation of slope stability and establishing an efficient early warning(EW)system.Many point-based monitoring instruments have been used in the last few decades.However,these sensors suffer from a particular risk of detection failures and practical limitations.Fibre-optic sensing(FOS)technologies have been developed,tested,and validated across various geoengineering applications,including slope monitoring,as they offer exceptional advantages,such as high data-carrying capacity,precise mapping of physical parameters,durability,and immunity to electromagnetic interference.The deformation of rock/soil causes the deformation and fracture of reinforcement materials,which are subsequently transferred to the encapsulated fibre-optic(FO)sensors,providing valuable information on reinforcements'safety state and performance for early failure detection.This paper is devoted to critically analysing the application of cutting-edge FOS technologies for slope reinforcement monitoring.Firstly,a concise overview of the fundamental principles underlying discrete and distributed FOS methods is provided.The key considerations for selecting FO cables and the appropriate packaging techniques necessary to withstand the challenges posed by complex geological environments are also summarised.We delve into the details of three distinct cable installation techniques within slope reinforcement components:surface bonding,slot embedment,and clamping.The recent advancements in FOS methods for monitoring slope reinforcements such as rock bolts,soil nails,anti-slide piles,geosynthetics,and retaining walls are extensively reviewed.The paper addresses this novel sensing technique's challenges and comprehensively explores its prospects.This review is anticipated to be a valuable resource for geoengineers and researchers involved in slope monitoring through FOS technology,offering insightful perspectives and guidance.展开更多
The growing environmental awareness,the search for alternatives to fossil resources,and the goal of achieving a circular economy have all contributed to the increasing valorization of biowaste to produce bio-based pol...The growing environmental awareness,the search for alternatives to fossil resources,and the goal of achieving a circular economy have all contributed to the increasing valorization of biowaste to produce bio-based polymers and other high-value products.Among the various biowaste materials,lignin has gained significant attention due to its high aromatic carbon content,low cost,and abundance.Lignin is predominantly sourced as a byproduct from the paper industry,available in large quantities from hardwood and softwood,with variations in chemical structure and susceptibility to hydrolysis.This study focuses on softwood lignin obtained through the LignoForce^(TM) technology,comparing the thermal and chemical characteristics,and stability,of a recently produced batch with that of a batch that has been stored for four years.Additionally,the development of lignin-based thermoplastic polymer mixtures using Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol(PET-G)and a blend of Polycarbonate and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(PC/ABS)with high lignin content(50–60 wt%)is explored,as well as the production of filaments for carbon fiber production.For this purpose,following melt mixing,the lignin-based mixtures were spun into filaments,which were subsequently subjected to thermal stabilization in an oxidative atmosphere.The lignin phase was well distributed in the PET-Gmatrix and the twomaterials presented a good interface,which further improved after thermal treatment under an oxidative atmosphere.After thermal treatment an increase in tensile modulus,tensile strength,and elongation at break of approximately 160%,200%,and 100%,respectively,was observed,confirming the good interface established,and consistent with structural changes such as cross-linking.Conversely,the PC/ABS blend did not form a good interface with the lignin domains after melt mixing.Although the interactions improved after thermal treatment,the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased by approximately 30%,while themodulus increased by approximately 20%.Overall,the good processability of the lignin/polymer mixtures into filaments,and their physical,chemical,and mechanical characterization before and after thermal oxidation are good indicators of the potential as precursors for carbon fiber production.展开更多
As received recycled short milled carbon fiber (SMCF) reinforced diglycidal ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy matrix materials have been developed by ultra-sonication mixing of SMCF in epoxy then curing at room tempe...As received recycled short milled carbon fiber (SMCF) reinforced diglycidal ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy matrix materials have been developed by ultra-sonication mixing of SMCF in epoxy then curing at room temperature for nine days. The SMCF with mean diameter 7.5 μm, and length 100 - 300 μm, was used at different loadings i.e. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 wt%. Elemental analysis, surface chemistry and crystallography of SMCF were examined using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy confirmed that both in unmodified and SMCF-modified epoxies, 99% curing was achieved. Surface microhardness study showed a slight increase with 5% and 10% SMCF addition. Raman study confirms no structural change in SMCF after incorporation in epoxy. Also, a numerical modelling is implemented to correlate the density of the modified epoxy and SMCF volume fraction/distribution uniformity.展开更多
In this study, control factors which included aspect ratio of fibres, volume fraction of fibres and fibres orientation were the focus for determining the optimum tensile strengths of coir fibres reinforced polyester r...In this study, control factors which included aspect ratio of fibres, volume fraction of fibres and fibres orientation were the focus for determining the optimum tensile strengths of coir fibres reinforced polyester resin composites. After using Archimedes principle to determine the volume fraction of fibres, tensile test was conducted on the samples of treated and untreated coir fibres reinforced polyester resin composites, respectively. For the optimum properties to be obtained, a Universal Testing Machine-TUE-C-100 was used for the conducted tensile tests which established the levels of control factors settings for quality characteristics needed to optimize the mechanical properties being investigated. Applying Taguchi robust design technique for the greater-the-better, the highest signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) for the quality characteristics being investigated was obtained employing Minitab 16 software. The optimum values of the control factors were established for treated coir fibres reinforced polyester resin composites and untreated coir fibres reinforced polyester resin composites. The treated coir fibres reinforced polyester matrix composite has the optimum tensile strength of 42.7 N/mm2 while the untreated coir fibres reinforced matrix composite has the optimum tensile strength of 21.9 N/mm2. The reinforcement combinations of control factors contribute greatly to the tensile properties, and the treated coir fibres reinforced polyester composites are stronger in tension than the untreated coir fibres reinforced polyester composites.展开更多
Archroma becomes the exclusive global distributor of Fibre52®'s patented chemistry-advancing a new standard in sustainable processing.Combined with Archroma's AVITERA®SE dyes,the partnership delivers...Archroma becomes the exclusive global distributor of Fibre52®'s patented chemistry-advancing a new standard in sustainable processing.Combined with Archroma's AVITERA®SE dyes,the partnership delivers the industry's most resource-efficient bleach-and-dye sys-tems.Archroma,a leading global specialty chemicals company committed to sus-tainable innovation,and Innovo Fiber LLC,owner of the patented Fibre52®system,today announced an exclusive global dis-tribution partnership to expand the reach of Fibre52®'s proven low-temperature,bleaching technology with innovative dyeing application to textile mills and brands worldwide.展开更多
Recent decades have seen a substantial increase in interest in research on natural fibres that is aligned with sustainable development goals(SDGs).Due to their renewable resources and biodegradability,natural fiberrei...Recent decades have seen a substantial increase in interest in research on natural fibres that is aligned with sustainable development goals(SDGs).Due to their renewable resources and biodegradability,natural fiberreinforced composites have been investigated as a sustainable alternative to synthetic materials to reduce the usage of hazardous waste and environmental pollution.Among the natural fibre,jute fibre obtained from a bast plant has an increasing trend in the application,especially as a reinforcement material.Numerous research works have been performed on jute fibre with regard to reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites.Nevertheless,current demands on sustainable materials have required new developments in thermoplastic composites.In this paper,the author reviews jute plants as reinforcement materials for thermoplastic matrix polymers.This review provides an overview of the sustainability of jute plants as reinforcement material for thermoplastic matrix polymers.The overview on jute based thermoplastic composites focused on the thermal behavior and mechanical properties.Apart from physical,chemical,and mechanical properties,the study also covers the current and perspectives for future research challenges faced by the researchers on jute fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites.展开更多
The interfacial microstructure of Al 2O 3 short fibre reinforced Al 5.5Zn matrix composite was studied using transmission electron microscope (TEM) in this ...The interfacial microstructure of Al 2O 3 short fibre reinforced Al 5.5Zn matrix composite was studied using transmission electron microscope (TEM) in this paper.Experimental results show that there exist a diffusional layer with a wide thickness range and a third phase in the fibre/matrix interface,resulting from Al/SiO 2 reaction.Some of the reduced silicon atoms adhere to the fibre/matrix interface and nucleate to form the elemental eutectic silicon,and the others diffuse into the Al/Zn melt and form the diffusional layer.The complexity of the interfacial microstructure may result from the different solidification conditions between the regions in the melt because of the non uniformity of the fibre distribution and orientation in the preform.展开更多
Background: Despite considerable advancements in identifying factors contributing to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the pathogenesis of HCC remains unclear. In many cases, HCC is a consequence of pr...Background: Despite considerable advancements in identifying factors contributing to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the pathogenesis of HCC remains unclear. In many cases, HCC is a consequence of prolonged liver fibrosis, resulting in the formation of an intricate premalignant microenvironment. The accumulation of extracellular matrix(ECM) is a hallmark of premalignant microenvironment. Given the critical role of different matrix components in regulating cell phenotype and function, this study aimed to elucidate the interplay between the fibrotic matrix and malignant features in HCC. Methods: Liver tissues from both control(normal) and carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced fibrotic rats were decellularized using sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and Triton X-100. The resulting hydrogel from decellularized ECM was processed into micro-particles via the water-in-oil emulsion method. Microparticles were subsequently incorporated into three-dimensional liver biomimetic micro-tissues(MTs) comprising Huh-7 cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs), and LX-2 cells. The MTs were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS) assay at day 11, immunofluorescence staining, immunoblotting, and spheroid migration assay at day 14 after co-culture. Results: Fibrotic matrix from CCl4-treated rat livers significantly enhanced the growth rate of the MTs and their expression of CCND1 as compared to the normal one. Fibrotic matrix, also induced the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated genes such as TWIST1, ACTA2, MMP9, CDH2, and VIMENTIN in the MTs as compared to the normal matrix. Conversely, the expression of CDH1 and hepatic maturation genes HNF4A, ALB, CYP3A4 was decreased in the MTs when the fibrotic matrix was used. Furthermore, the fibrotic matrix increased the migration of the MTs and their secretion of alpha-fetoprotein. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a regulatory role for the fibrotic matrix in promoting cancerous phenotype, which could potentially accelerate the progression of malignancy in the liver.展开更多
A novel steel–carbon fibre/polyetheretherketone(CF/PEEK)hybrid shaft is proposed,considering the thermal stability,negative coefficient of thermal expansion in fibre orientation,and high stiffness of CF/PEEK,which is...A novel steel–carbon fibre/polyetheretherketone(CF/PEEK)hybrid shaft is proposed,considering the thermal stability,negative coefficient of thermal expansion in fibre orientation,and high stiffness of CF/PEEK,which is expected to suppress the thermal deformation of shafts.A laser-assisted in-situ consolidation(LAC)process,together with its equipment,was developed to manufacture the hybrid shaft.Firstly,the optimal process parameters,including the laser-heated temperature and placement speed,were investigated.A maximum short-beam shear strength of 80.7 MPa was achieved when the laser-heated temperature was 500°C and the placement speed was 100 mm/s.In addition,the failure modes and the effect of environmental temperature on the CF/PEEK samples were analyzed.Both interlayer cracks and inelastic deformation failure modes were observed.The formation and propagation of cracks were further investigated through digital image correlation(DIC).Furthermore,internal defects of the CF/PEEK sample were detected using X-ray tomography scans,and a minimum porosity of 0.23%was achieved with the optimal process parameters.Finally,two steel–CF/PEEK hybrid shafts,with different fibre orientations,were manufactured based on the optimal process parameters.The surface temperature distributions and thermal deformations were investigated using a self-established deformation/temperature measurement platform.The hybrid shaft showed an 85.7%reduction in radial displacement with hoop fibre orientation and an 11.5%reduction in axial displacement with cross fibre orientation compared with the steel shaft.The results indicate that the proposed method has great potential to improve the thermal stability of hybrid shafts and the accuracy of machine tools.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to ...In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Abnormal accumulation of collagen fibrils is a hallmark feature of oral submucous fibrosis(OSF).However,the precise characteristics and underlying mechanisms remain unclear,impeding the advancement of potential therap...Abnormal accumulation of collagen fibrils is a hallmark feature of oral submucous fibrosis(OSF).However,the precise characteristics and underlying mechanisms remain unclear,impeding the advancement of potential therapeutic approaches.Here,we observed that collagen Ⅰ,the main component of the extracellular matrix,first accumulated in the lamina propria and subsequently in the submucosa of OSF specimens as the disease progressed.Using RNA-seq and Immunofluorescence in OSF specimens,we screened the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP)responsible for the abnormal collagen accumulation.Genetic COMP deficiency reduced arecoline-stimulated collagen I deposition significantly in vivo.In comparison,both COMP and collagen Ⅰ were upregulated under arecoline stimulation in wild-type mice.Human oral buccal mucosal fibroblasts(hBMFs)also exhibited increased secretion of COMP and collagen I after stimulation in vitro.COMP knockdown in hBMFs downregulates arecoline-stimulated collagen Ⅰ secretion.We further demonstrated that hBMFs present heterogeneous responses to arecoline stimulation,of which COMP-positive fibroblasts secrete more collagen Ⅰ.Since COMP is a molecular bridge with Fibril-associated collagens with Interrupted Triple helices(FACIT)in the collagen network,we further screened and identified collagen XIV,a FACIT member,co-localizing with both COMP and collagen Ⅰ.Collagen XIV expression increased under arecoline stimulation in wild-type mice,whereas it was hardly expressed in the Comp^(-/-) mice,even with under stimulation.In summary,we found that COMP may mediates abnormal collagen Ⅰ deposition by functions with collagen XIV during the progression of OSF,suggesting its potential to be targeted in treating OSF.展开更多
Driven by advancements in mobile internet technology,images have become a crucial data medium.Ensuring the security of image information during transmission has thus emerged as an urgent challenge.This study proposes ...Driven by advancements in mobile internet technology,images have become a crucial data medium.Ensuring the security of image information during transmission has thus emerged as an urgent challenge.This study proposes a novel image encryption algorithm specifically designed for grayscale image security.This research introduces a new Cantor diagonal matrix permutation method.The proposed permutation method uses row and column index sequences to control the Cantor diagonal matrix,where the row and column index sequences are generated by a spatiotemporal chaotic system named coupled map lattice(CML).The high initial value sensitivity of the CML system makes the permutation method highly sensitive and secure.Additionally,leveraging fractal theory,this study introduces a chaotic fractal matrix and applies this matrix in the diffusion process.This chaotic fractal matrix exhibits selfsimilarity and irregularity.Using the Cantor diagonal matrix and chaotic fractal matrix,this paper introduces a fast image encryption algorithm involving two diffusion steps and one permutation step.Moreover,the algorithm achieves robust security with only a single encryption round,ensuring high operational efficiency.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm features an expansive key space,robust security,high sensitivity,high efficiency,and superior statistical properties for the ciphered images.Thus,the proposed algorithm not only provides a practical solution for secure image transmission but also bridges fractal theory with image encryption techniques,thereby opening new research avenues in chaotic cryptography and advancing the development of information security technology.展开更多
文摘Objectives:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC),the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC),exhibits a mesenchymal phenotype characterized by fibrotic stroma and poor prognosis.Human epididymis protein 4(HE4),a key diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer,is involved in fibrotic processes in several non-malignant diseases.Given the clinical significance of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC and the potential link between HE4 and fibrosis,this study aimed to investigate the role of HE4 in the formation of stromal fibrosis in HGSOC.Methods:A total of 126 patients with gynecological conditions were included and divided into normal,benign,and EOC groups.Tissue stiffness was quantitatively measured and analyzed for its correlation with clinicopathological features.We further investigated the correlation between tumor stiffness and the expression levels of HE4 and fibroblast activation markers(α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and fibroblast activation protein(FAP))in tumor tissues from 22 HGSOC patients.In vitro,primary fibroblasts were treated with recombinant HE4(rHE4)or conditioned media from HE4-knockdown ovarian cancer cells to assess fibroblasts activation and matrix contractility(Collagen gel contraction assays).In vivo,a subcutaneous xenograft model using HE4-knockdown cells was established to evaluate the effects of HE4 suppression on tumor growth and extensive extracellular matrix(ECM)remodeling.Results:Ovarian cancer tissues showed significantly increased stiffness compared to benign/normal groups,showing positive correlation with serum HE4 levels.High-stiffness HGSOC tumors exhibited upregulated expression of HE4,α-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.rHE4 stimulated fibroblast activation and enhanced matrix contractility,whereas HE4 knockdown in cancer cells abrogated these pro-fibrotic effects.In vivo,HE4-silenced xenografts displayed restricted tumor growth accompanied by reduced stromal expression ofα-SMA,FAP,and collagen I.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that HE4 may facilitate ECM remodeling in HGSOC through promoting fibroblast activation and increasing collagen deposition.
基金Project (10972190) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects (09A089, 08C207) supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,ChinaProject (2010FJ3132) supported by the Planned Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province,China
文摘BN coated A1203 fibre-reinforced NiAl-alloy composites were fabricated by hot pressing at 1 200-1 400 ℃, and the interracial microstructure and chemical stability of BN coated Al2O3 fibre-reinforced NiAl-alloy composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and analytical transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It was found that the complicated chemical reactions and diffusion processes happened in the interface area between BN-layer and Ni25.8A19.6Ta8.3 during the hot pressing at 1 200-1 400 ℃. A continuous AlN-layer was formed at the interface due to the reaction between NiAl and BN. At the same time, Cr diffused extensively into the BN-layer and reacted with boron to form Cr boride precipitates （CrsB3）. In addition, a few particles of Ta-rich phase were also precipitated in NiAl matrix near the interface.
文摘Titanium metal matrix composites （TiMMCs） reinforced by continuous silicon carbide fibres are being developed for aerospace applications. TiMMCs manufactured by the consolidation of matrix-coated fibre （MCF） method offer optimum properties because of the resulting uniform fibre distribution, minimum fibre damage and fibre volume fraction control. In this paper, the consolidation of Ti-6Al-4V matrix-coated SiC fibres during vacuum hot pressing has been investigated. Experiments were carried out on multi-ply MCFs under vacuum hot pressing （VHP）. In contrast to most of existing studies, the fibre, arrangement has been carefully controlled either in square or hexagonal arrays throughout the consolidated sample. This has enabled the dynamic consolidation behaviour of MCFs to be demonstrated by eliminating the fibre re-arrangement during the VHP process. The microstructural evolution of the matrix coating was reported and the deformation mechanisms involved were discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81171479, 51303120, 81471790)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2012M521121)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130335)the Jiangsu Provincial Special Program of Medical Science (BL2012004)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Annulus fibrosus （AF） tissue engineering has recently received increasing attention as a treatment for intervertebral disc 0VD） degeneration; however, such engineering remains challenging because of the remarkable complexity of AF tissue. In order to engineer a functional AF replacement, the fabrication of cell-scaffold constructs that mimic the cellular, biochemical and structural features of native AF tissue is critical. In this study, we fabricated aligned fibroua polyurethane scaffolds using an electrospinning technique and used them for culturing AF-derived-stem/progenitor cells （AFSCs）. Random fibrous scaffolds, also prepared via electrospinningy were used as a control. We compared the morphology, proliferation, gene expression and matrix production of AFSCs on aligned scaffolds and random scaffolds. There was no apparent difference in the attachment or proliferation of cells cultured on aligned scaffolds and random scaffolds. However, compared to cells on random scaffolds, the AFSCs on aligned scaffolds were more elongated and better aligned, and they exhibited higher gene expression and matrix production of coUagen-I and aggrecan. The gene expression and protein production of coUagen-II did not appear to differ between the two groups. Together, these findings indicate that aligned fibrous scaffolds may provide a favourable microenvironment for the differentiation of AFSCs into cells similar to outer AF cells, which predominantly produce collagen-I matrix.
基金funded under the Collaborative Research Initiative Grant Scheme(C-RIGS),grant number C-RIGS24-016-0022 from IIUM.
文摘This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are influenced by the compounding process,which incorporates ingredients such as elastomers,vulcanizing agents,accelerators,activators,and fillers like carbon black and silica.While effective in enhancing properties,these fillers lack biodegradability,prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives.The potential of natural fibres as renewable reinforcements in NR composites is thoroughly covered in this review,highlighting both their advan-tages,such as improved sustainability,and the challenges they present,such as compatibility with the rubber matrix.Surface treatment methods,including alkali and silane treatments,are also discussed as solutions to improve fibre-matrix adhesion and mitigate these challenges.Additionally,the review highlights the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch(EFB)fibres as a natural fibre reinforcement.The abundance of EFB fibres and their alignment with sustainable practices make them promising substitutes for conventional fillers,contributing to valuable knowledge and supporting the broader move towards renewable reinforcement to improve sustain-ability without compromising the key properties of rubber composites.
文摘The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly recognised.Dietary strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated promise.While changes in dietary intake can rapidly change the GI microbiota,the impact of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain uncertain.Dietary fibre is metabolised by carbohydrate-active enzymes and,in health,can alter GI microbiota.The aim of this scoping review was to describe the effects of dietary fibre supplementation in health and disease states,specifically during critical illness.Randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that include adults(>18 years age)and reported changes to GI microbiota as one of the study outcomes using non-culture methods,were identified.Studies show dietary fibres have an impact on faecal microbiota in health and disease.The fibre,inulin,has a marked and specific effect on increasing the abundance of faecal Bifidobacteria.Short chain fatty acids produced by Bifidobacteria have been shown to be beneficial in other patient populations.Very few trials have evaluated the effect of dietary fibre on the GI microbiota during critical illness.More research is necessary to establish optimal fibre type,doses,duration of intervention in critical illness.
基金funding support from JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Nos.21H01593 and 21K18794)through Tetsuya KogureThis work was also partially supported by the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant(2023e2026)from the Japan Science Society(JSS)through Ashis Acharya.
文摘Real-time assessment of slope reinforcements to diagnose their state in all stages of service life is imperative for prompt evaluation of slope stability and establishing an efficient early warning(EW)system.Many point-based monitoring instruments have been used in the last few decades.However,these sensors suffer from a particular risk of detection failures and practical limitations.Fibre-optic sensing(FOS)technologies have been developed,tested,and validated across various geoengineering applications,including slope monitoring,as they offer exceptional advantages,such as high data-carrying capacity,precise mapping of physical parameters,durability,and immunity to electromagnetic interference.The deformation of rock/soil causes the deformation and fracture of reinforcement materials,which are subsequently transferred to the encapsulated fibre-optic(FO)sensors,providing valuable information on reinforcements'safety state and performance for early failure detection.This paper is devoted to critically analysing the application of cutting-edge FOS technologies for slope reinforcement monitoring.Firstly,a concise overview of the fundamental principles underlying discrete and distributed FOS methods is provided.The key considerations for selecting FO cables and the appropriate packaging techniques necessary to withstand the challenges posed by complex geological environments are also summarised.We delve into the details of three distinct cable installation techniques within slope reinforcement components:surface bonding,slot embedment,and clamping.The recent advancements in FOS methods for monitoring slope reinforcements such as rock bolts,soil nails,anti-slide piles,geosynthetics,and retaining walls are extensively reviewed.The paper addresses this novel sensing technique's challenges and comprehensively explores its prospects.This review is anticipated to be a valuable resource for geoengineers and researchers involved in slope monitoring through FOS technology,offering insightful perspectives and guidance.
基金funded by Project Better Plastics—Plastics in a Circular Economy—PPS4(Circularity by Alternative Feedstocks)Grant agreement ID:POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046091RR was funded by FCT through the PhD grant with reference UI/BD/154446/2022.
文摘The growing environmental awareness,the search for alternatives to fossil resources,and the goal of achieving a circular economy have all contributed to the increasing valorization of biowaste to produce bio-based polymers and other high-value products.Among the various biowaste materials,lignin has gained significant attention due to its high aromatic carbon content,low cost,and abundance.Lignin is predominantly sourced as a byproduct from the paper industry,available in large quantities from hardwood and softwood,with variations in chemical structure and susceptibility to hydrolysis.This study focuses on softwood lignin obtained through the LignoForce^(TM) technology,comparing the thermal and chemical characteristics,and stability,of a recently produced batch with that of a batch that has been stored for four years.Additionally,the development of lignin-based thermoplastic polymer mixtures using Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol(PET-G)and a blend of Polycarbonate and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(PC/ABS)with high lignin content(50–60 wt%)is explored,as well as the production of filaments for carbon fiber production.For this purpose,following melt mixing,the lignin-based mixtures were spun into filaments,which were subsequently subjected to thermal stabilization in an oxidative atmosphere.The lignin phase was well distributed in the PET-Gmatrix and the twomaterials presented a good interface,which further improved after thermal treatment under an oxidative atmosphere.After thermal treatment an increase in tensile modulus,tensile strength,and elongation at break of approximately 160%,200%,and 100%,respectively,was observed,confirming the good interface established,and consistent with structural changes such as cross-linking.Conversely,the PC/ABS blend did not form a good interface with the lignin domains after melt mixing.Although the interactions improved after thermal treatment,the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased by approximately 30%,while themodulus increased by approximately 20%.Overall,the good processability of the lignin/polymer mixtures into filaments,and their physical,chemical,and mechanical characterization before and after thermal oxidation are good indicators of the potential as precursors for carbon fiber production.
文摘As received recycled short milled carbon fiber (SMCF) reinforced diglycidal ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy matrix materials have been developed by ultra-sonication mixing of SMCF in epoxy then curing at room temperature for nine days. The SMCF with mean diameter 7.5 μm, and length 100 - 300 μm, was used at different loadings i.e. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 wt%. Elemental analysis, surface chemistry and crystallography of SMCF were examined using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy confirmed that both in unmodified and SMCF-modified epoxies, 99% curing was achieved. Surface microhardness study showed a slight increase with 5% and 10% SMCF addition. Raman study confirms no structural change in SMCF after incorporation in epoxy. Also, a numerical modelling is implemented to correlate the density of the modified epoxy and SMCF volume fraction/distribution uniformity.
文摘In this study, control factors which included aspect ratio of fibres, volume fraction of fibres and fibres orientation were the focus for determining the optimum tensile strengths of coir fibres reinforced polyester resin composites. After using Archimedes principle to determine the volume fraction of fibres, tensile test was conducted on the samples of treated and untreated coir fibres reinforced polyester resin composites, respectively. For the optimum properties to be obtained, a Universal Testing Machine-TUE-C-100 was used for the conducted tensile tests which established the levels of control factors settings for quality characteristics needed to optimize the mechanical properties being investigated. Applying Taguchi robust design technique for the greater-the-better, the highest signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) for the quality characteristics being investigated was obtained employing Minitab 16 software. The optimum values of the control factors were established for treated coir fibres reinforced polyester resin composites and untreated coir fibres reinforced polyester resin composites. The treated coir fibres reinforced polyester matrix composite has the optimum tensile strength of 42.7 N/mm2 while the untreated coir fibres reinforced matrix composite has the optimum tensile strength of 21.9 N/mm2. The reinforcement combinations of control factors contribute greatly to the tensile properties, and the treated coir fibres reinforced polyester composites are stronger in tension than the untreated coir fibres reinforced polyester composites.
文摘Archroma becomes the exclusive global distributor of Fibre52®'s patented chemistry-advancing a new standard in sustainable processing.Combined with Archroma's AVITERA®SE dyes,the partnership delivers the industry's most resource-efficient bleach-and-dye sys-tems.Archroma,a leading global specialty chemicals company committed to sus-tainable innovation,and Innovo Fiber LLC,owner of the patented Fibre52®system,today announced an exclusive global dis-tribution partnership to expand the reach of Fibre52®'s proven low-temperature,bleaching technology with innovative dyeing application to textile mills and brands worldwide.
文摘Recent decades have seen a substantial increase in interest in research on natural fibres that is aligned with sustainable development goals(SDGs).Due to their renewable resources and biodegradability,natural fiberreinforced composites have been investigated as a sustainable alternative to synthetic materials to reduce the usage of hazardous waste and environmental pollution.Among the natural fibre,jute fibre obtained from a bast plant has an increasing trend in the application,especially as a reinforcement material.Numerous research works have been performed on jute fibre with regard to reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites.Nevertheless,current demands on sustainable materials have required new developments in thermoplastic composites.In this paper,the author reviews jute plants as reinforcement materials for thermoplastic matrix polymers.This review provides an overview of the sustainability of jute plants as reinforcement material for thermoplastic matrix polymers.The overview on jute based thermoplastic composites focused on the thermal behavior and mechanical properties.Apart from physical,chemical,and mechanical properties,the study also covers the current and perspectives for future research challenges faced by the researchers on jute fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites.
文摘The interfacial microstructure of Al 2O 3 short fibre reinforced Al 5.5Zn matrix composite was studied using transmission electron microscope (TEM) in this paper.Experimental results show that there exist a diffusional layer with a wide thickness range and a third phase in the fibre/matrix interface,resulting from Al/SiO 2 reaction.Some of the reduced silicon atoms adhere to the fibre/matrix interface and nucleate to form the elemental eutectic silicon,and the others diffuse into the Al/Zn melt and form the diffusional layer.The complexity of the interfacial microstructure may result from the different solidification conditions between the regions in the melt because of the non uniformity of the fibre distribution and orientation in the preform.
基金financially supported by grants from Royan In-stitute(grant No.400000200)Bahar Tashkhis Teb Co.(BTT,9703,9809,and 9903)。
文摘Background: Despite considerable advancements in identifying factors contributing to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the pathogenesis of HCC remains unclear. In many cases, HCC is a consequence of prolonged liver fibrosis, resulting in the formation of an intricate premalignant microenvironment. The accumulation of extracellular matrix(ECM) is a hallmark of premalignant microenvironment. Given the critical role of different matrix components in regulating cell phenotype and function, this study aimed to elucidate the interplay between the fibrotic matrix and malignant features in HCC. Methods: Liver tissues from both control(normal) and carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced fibrotic rats were decellularized using sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and Triton X-100. The resulting hydrogel from decellularized ECM was processed into micro-particles via the water-in-oil emulsion method. Microparticles were subsequently incorporated into three-dimensional liver biomimetic micro-tissues(MTs) comprising Huh-7 cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs), and LX-2 cells. The MTs were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS) assay at day 11, immunofluorescence staining, immunoblotting, and spheroid migration assay at day 14 after co-culture. Results: Fibrotic matrix from CCl4-treated rat livers significantly enhanced the growth rate of the MTs and their expression of CCND1 as compared to the normal one. Fibrotic matrix, also induced the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated genes such as TWIST1, ACTA2, MMP9, CDH2, and VIMENTIN in the MTs as compared to the normal matrix. Conversely, the expression of CDH1 and hepatic maturation genes HNF4A, ALB, CYP3A4 was decreased in the MTs when the fibrotic matrix was used. Furthermore, the fibrotic matrix increased the migration of the MTs and their secretion of alpha-fetoprotein. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a regulatory role for the fibrotic matrix in promoting cancerous phenotype, which could potentially accelerate the progression of malignancy in the liver.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.52175440)the Aeronautics Science Foundation of China(No.2023Z049076001)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Shanghai Aerospace(No.SAST2022-058)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions(No.SKLMT-MSKFKT-202202)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C01058)the Experimental Technique Project of Zhejiang University(No.SYBJS202302),China.
文摘A novel steel–carbon fibre/polyetheretherketone(CF/PEEK)hybrid shaft is proposed,considering the thermal stability,negative coefficient of thermal expansion in fibre orientation,and high stiffness of CF/PEEK,which is expected to suppress the thermal deformation of shafts.A laser-assisted in-situ consolidation(LAC)process,together with its equipment,was developed to manufacture the hybrid shaft.Firstly,the optimal process parameters,including the laser-heated temperature and placement speed,were investigated.A maximum short-beam shear strength of 80.7 MPa was achieved when the laser-heated temperature was 500°C and the placement speed was 100 mm/s.In addition,the failure modes and the effect of environmental temperature on the CF/PEEK samples were analyzed.Both interlayer cracks and inelastic deformation failure modes were observed.The formation and propagation of cracks were further investigated through digital image correlation(DIC).Furthermore,internal defects of the CF/PEEK sample were detected using X-ray tomography scans,and a minimum porosity of 0.23%was achieved with the optimal process parameters.Finally,two steel–CF/PEEK hybrid shafts,with different fibre orientations,were manufactured based on the optimal process parameters.The surface temperature distributions and thermal deformations were investigated using a self-established deformation/temperature measurement platform.The hybrid shaft showed an 85.7%reduction in radial displacement with hoop fibre orientation and an 11.5%reduction in axial displacement with cross fibre orientation compared with the steel shaft.The results indicate that the proposed method has great potential to improve the thermal stability of hybrid shafts and the accuracy of machine tools.
基金Supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2023GXNSFAA026246)in part by the Central Government's Guide to Local Science and Technology Development Fund(GuikeZY23055044)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62363003)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(81974150).
文摘Abnormal accumulation of collagen fibrils is a hallmark feature of oral submucous fibrosis(OSF).However,the precise characteristics and underlying mechanisms remain unclear,impeding the advancement of potential therapeutic approaches.Here,we observed that collagen Ⅰ,the main component of the extracellular matrix,first accumulated in the lamina propria and subsequently in the submucosa of OSF specimens as the disease progressed.Using RNA-seq and Immunofluorescence in OSF specimens,we screened the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP)responsible for the abnormal collagen accumulation.Genetic COMP deficiency reduced arecoline-stimulated collagen I deposition significantly in vivo.In comparison,both COMP and collagen Ⅰ were upregulated under arecoline stimulation in wild-type mice.Human oral buccal mucosal fibroblasts(hBMFs)also exhibited increased secretion of COMP and collagen I after stimulation in vitro.COMP knockdown in hBMFs downregulates arecoline-stimulated collagen Ⅰ secretion.We further demonstrated that hBMFs present heterogeneous responses to arecoline stimulation,of which COMP-positive fibroblasts secrete more collagen Ⅰ.Since COMP is a molecular bridge with Fibril-associated collagens with Interrupted Triple helices(FACIT)in the collagen network,we further screened and identified collagen XIV,a FACIT member,co-localizing with both COMP and collagen Ⅰ.Collagen XIV expression increased under arecoline stimulation in wild-type mice,whereas it was hardly expressed in the Comp^(-/-) mice,even with under stimulation.In summary,we found that COMP may mediates abnormal collagen Ⅰ deposition by functions with collagen XIV during the progression of OSF,suggesting its potential to be targeted in treating OSF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62376106)The Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province(20250102212JC).
文摘Driven by advancements in mobile internet technology,images have become a crucial data medium.Ensuring the security of image information during transmission has thus emerged as an urgent challenge.This study proposes a novel image encryption algorithm specifically designed for grayscale image security.This research introduces a new Cantor diagonal matrix permutation method.The proposed permutation method uses row and column index sequences to control the Cantor diagonal matrix,where the row and column index sequences are generated by a spatiotemporal chaotic system named coupled map lattice(CML).The high initial value sensitivity of the CML system makes the permutation method highly sensitive and secure.Additionally,leveraging fractal theory,this study introduces a chaotic fractal matrix and applies this matrix in the diffusion process.This chaotic fractal matrix exhibits selfsimilarity and irregularity.Using the Cantor diagonal matrix and chaotic fractal matrix,this paper introduces a fast image encryption algorithm involving two diffusion steps and one permutation step.Moreover,the algorithm achieves robust security with only a single encryption round,ensuring high operational efficiency.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm features an expansive key space,robust security,high sensitivity,high efficiency,and superior statistical properties for the ciphered images.Thus,the proposed algorithm not only provides a practical solution for secure image transmission but also bridges fractal theory with image encryption techniques,thereby opening new research avenues in chaotic cryptography and advancing the development of information security technology.
