Fiber-shaped energy storage devices(FSESDs)with exceptional flexibility for wearable power sources should be applied with solid electrolytes over liquid electrolytes due to short circuits and leakage issue during defo...Fiber-shaped energy storage devices(FSESDs)with exceptional flexibility for wearable power sources should be applied with solid electrolytes over liquid electrolytes due to short circuits and leakage issue during deformation.Among the solid options,polymer electrolytes are particularly preferred due to their robustness and flexibility,although their low ionic conductivity remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a redox polymer electrolyte(HT_RPE)with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(HT)as a multi-functional additive.HT acts as a plasticizer that transforms the glassy state into the rubbery state for improved chain mobility and provides distinctive ion conduction pathway by the self-exchange reaction between radical and oxidized species.These synergetic effects lead to high ionic conductivity(73.5 mS cm−1)based on a lower activation energy of 0.13 eV than other redox additives.Moreover,HT_RPE with a pseudocapacitive characteristic by HT enables an outstanding electrochemical performance of the symmetric FSESDs using carbon-based fiber electrodes(energy density of 25.4 W h kg^(−1) at a power density of 25,000 W kg^(−1))without typical active materials,along with excellent stability(capacitance retention of 91.2%after 8,000 bending cycles).This work highlights a versatile HT_RPE that utilizes the unique functionality of HT for both the high ionic conductivity and improved energy storage capability,providing a promising pathway for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.展开更多
Rapid development of portable or wearable devices, which is inspired by requirements of instant messaging,health monitoring and handling official business, urgently demands more tiny, flexible and light power sources....Rapid development of portable or wearable devices, which is inspired by requirements of instant messaging,health monitoring and handling official business, urgently demands more tiny, flexible and light power sources. Fibershaped batteries explored in recent years become a prospective candidate to satisfy these demands. With 1D architecture,the fiber-shaped batteries could be adapted to various deformations and integrated into soft textile and other devices.Numerous researches have been reported and achieved huge promotion. To give an overview of fiber-shaped batteries,we summarized the development of fiber-shaped batteries in this review, and discussed the structure and materials in fiber-shaped batteries. The flexibility of batteries with the potential application of the batteries was also exhibited and showed the future perspective. Finally, challenges in this field were discussed, hoping to reveal research direction towards further development of fiber-shaped batteries.展开更多
Vitrimers have emerged as a prominent research area in the field of polymer materials.Most of the studies have focused on synthesizing polymers with versatile dynamic crosslinking structures,while the impact of chemic...Vitrimers have emerged as a prominent research area in the field of polymer materials.Most of the studies have focused on synthesizing polymers with versatile dynamic crosslinking structures,while the impact of chemical structure on aggregate structure of vitrimers,particularly during polymer processing,remains insufficiently investigated.The present study employed commercial maleic anhydride-grafted-high density polyethylene(M-g-HDPE)as the matrix and hexanediol as the crosslinker to facilely obtain fiber-shaped HDPE vitrimers through a reaction extrusion and post-drawing process.Through chemical structure characterization,morphology observation,thermal and mechanical properties investigation,as well as aggregate structure analysis,this work revealed the influence of dynamic bonds on the formation of aggregate structures during fiber-shaped vitrimers processing.A small amount of dynamic bonds in HDPE restricts the motion of PE chain during melt-extruding and post-drawing,resulting in a lower orientation of the PE chains.However,lamellar growth and fibril formation during post-drawing at high temperature are enhanced to some extent due to the competition between dynamic bond and chain relaxation.The uneven morphology of fibershaped HDPE vitrimers can be attributed to the stronger elastic effect brought by dynamic bonding,which plays a more dominant role in determining the mechanical properties of fiber-shaped vitrimers compared to aggregate structure.Abstract Vitrimers have emerged as a prominent research area in the field of polymer materials.Most of the studies have focused on synthesizing polymers with versatile dynamic crosslinking structures,while the impact of chemical structure on aggregate structure of vitrimers,particularly during polymer processing,remains insufficiently investigated.The present study employed commercial maleic anhydride-grafted-high density polyethylene(M-g-HDPE)as the matrix and hexanediol as the crosslinker to facilely obtain fiber-shaped HDPE vitrimers through a reaction extrusion and post-drawing process.Through chemical structure characterization,morphology observation,thermal and mechanical properties investigation,as well as aggregate structure analysis,this work revealed the influence of dynamic bonds on the formation of aggregate structures during fiber-shaped vitrimers processing.A small amount of dynamic bonds in HDPE restricts the motion of PE chain during melt-extruding and post-drawing,resulting in a lower orientation of the PE chains.However,lamellar growth and fibril formation during post-drawing at high temperature are enhanced to some extent due to the competition between dynamic bond and chain relaxation.The uneven morphology of fibershaped HDPE vitrimers can be attributed to the stronger elastic effect brought by dynamic bonding,which plays a more dominant role in determining the mechanical properties of fiber-shaped vitrimers compared to aggregate structure.展开更多
Fiber-shaped supercapacitors(FSSCs)show great potential in portable and wearable electronics due to their unique advantages of high safety,environmental friendliness,high performances,outstanding flexibility and integ...Fiber-shaped supercapacitors(FSSCs)show great potential in portable and wearable electronics due to their unique advantages of high safety,environmental friendliness,high performances,outstanding flexibility and integrability.They can directly act as the power sources or be easily integrated with other flexible devices to constitute self-powered and sustainable energy suppliers,providing excellent adaptability to irregular surfaces.This review mainly summarizes the recently reported works of FSSCs including preparation methods of various fiber electrodes,construction strategies of FSSCs and multi-functional device integrations,exploration of reaction mechanisms and strategies to improve the electrochemical performance and provision of suggestions on further designing and optimization of FSSCs.Meanwhile,it shares our perspectives on challenges and opportunities in this field,shedding light on the development of high-performance fiber-shaped supercapacitors with multifunctions.展开更多
Fiber-shaped batteries,distinguished by their unique one-dimensional archi-tecture,offer ultra-high flexibility,remarkable stretchability,and excellent knittability,rendering them highly appealing as energy storage so...Fiber-shaped batteries,distinguished by their unique one-dimensional archi-tecture,offer ultra-high flexibility,remarkable stretchability,and excellent knittability,rendering them highly appealing as energy storage solutions for smart wearable fabrics.Among various fiber-shaped battery systems,aqueous zinc batteries stand out as one of the most promising candidates owing to their high specific capacity,inherent safety,and cost-effectiveness.However,the practical applicability of fiber-shaped zinc batteries(FZBs)is significantly hin-dered by challenges in scalable production,long-term operational stability,and seamless integration.Despite the growing interest in FZBs,a comprehen-sive and systematic review that critically examines the essential components,assembly configurations,manufacturing techniques,and performance-enhancing strategies is still lacking.This review aims to fill this gap by first summarizing the fundamental components of FZBs,including cathodes,anodes,electrolytes,current collectors,and encapsulation materials.It then compares the impact of various assembly configurations,including parallel,winding,coaxial,and weaving structures,on battery performance.Further-more,it provides an in-depth analysis of diverse manufacturing techniques for fiber electrodes,including dip-coating,hydrothermal synthesis,and electrode-position,as well as the assembly procedures ranging from manual to equipment-assisted and one-step assembly methods.In addition,this review highlights strategies for improving both electrochemical and wearable perfor-mance through material modification and structural design.It also under-scores the multifunctional applications of FZBs,such as thermosensitive,fluorescent,and sweat-driven variants,along with their potential in physiologi-cal sensing and environmental monitoring.Finally,it identifies the existing barriers to FZBs commercialization,including limited energy density,complex integration processes,and unclear internal mechanisms.Based on these insights,it proposes future research directions and development initiatives to advance the field of FZBs,thereby promoting their transition from laboratory prototypes to commercial products.展开更多
The rapid advancement of wearable electronics has driven significant interest in the development of wearable energy storage technologies.Among them,aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)have gained considerable attention as...The rapid advancement of wearable electronics has driven significant interest in the development of wearable energy storage technologies.Among them,aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)have gained considerable attention as promising candidates for portable and wearable applications.In particular,aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs offer distinctive advantages,such as miniaturization,flexibility,and wearability,making them especially suitable for powering next-generation wearable devices.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs,focusing on the fabrication of fiber-based electrodes and various battery configurations.In addition,we highlight the evolution of fiber-shaped ZIBs from single-function to multi-function systems,exploring their potential for diverse applications.The review also addresses the key challenges in this field and discusses future research directions to drive the further development of aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs.展开更多
The rapid evolution of flexible wearable electronics has spurred a growing demand for energy storage devices,characterized by low-cost manufacturing processes,high safety standards,exceptional electrochemical performa...The rapid evolution of flexible wearable electronics has spurred a growing demand for energy storage devices,characterized by low-cost manufacturing processes,high safety standards,exceptional electrochemical performance and robust mechanical properties.Among novel flexible devices,fiber-shaped batteries(FSBs)have emerged as prominent solutions exceptionally suited to future applications,owing to their unique one-dimensional(1D)architecture,remarkable flexibility,potential for miniaturization,adaptability to deformation and compatibility with the conventional textile industry.In the forefront research on fiber-shaped batteries,zincbased FSBs(ZFSBs)have garnered significant attentions,featured by the promising electrochemical properties of metallic Zn.This enthusiasm is driven by the impressive capacity of Zn(820 mAh·g^(-1))and its low redox potential(Zn/Zn^(2+):-0.76 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode).This review aims to consolidate recent achievements in the structural design,fabrication processes and electrode materials of flexible ZFSBs.Notably,we highlight three representative structural configurations:parallel type,twisted type and coaxial type.We also place special emphasis on electrode modifications and electrolyte selection.Furthermore,we delve into the promising development opportunities and anticipate future challenges associated with ZFSBs,emphasizing their potential roles in powering the next generation of wearable electronics.展开更多
As a promising candidate for future demand, fiber-shaped electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries have obtained considerable attention from academy to industry. Carbon ...As a promising candidate for future demand, fiber-shaped electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries have obtained considerable attention from academy to industry. Carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube and graphene, have been widely investigated as electrode materials due to their merits of light weight, flexibility and high capacitance. In this review, recent progress of carbon nanomaterials in flexible fiber-shaped energy storage devices has been summarized in accordance with the development of fibrous electrodes, including the diversified electrode preparation, functional and intelligent device structure, and large-scale production of fibrous electrodes or devices.展开更多
To meet the demand for energy storage devices with high safety,excellent flexibility,and environmental compatibility in wearable electronic devices,fiber-shaped aqueous batteries(FABs)have become a key research direct...To meet the demand for energy storage devices with high safety,excellent flexibility,and environmental compatibility in wearable electronic devices,fiber-shaped aqueous batteries(FABs)have become a key research direction in the field of flexible energy storage.This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress of FABs.Firstly,it elaborates on their core working mechanisms,including the intercalation mechanism involving reversible insertion/extraction of charge carriers,the conversion mechanism characterized by changes in the oxidation state and phase of electrode materials and the deposition/dissolution mechanism of metal ions.Subsequently,it summarizes the design principles from three dimensions:electrode fabrication(surface coating,in-situ growth,thermal drawing,solution spinning),device architectures(parallel,twisted,coaxial,crossing),and performance evaluation metrics(energy density,specific capacity,long-term cycling stability,flexibility).Additionally,the paper combs the research breakthroughs of FABs based on Li^(+)/Na^(+),multivalent ions(Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+)/Al^(3+)),NH_(4)^(+),and alkaline systems,and introduces their applications in energy storage-photoelectric response integration,energy storage-sensing integration,and multi-device power supply.Finally,it points out the challenges,such as low utilization efficiency of electrode materials and poor interface stability,and looks forward to the development directions including intelligent materials,manufacturing technologies,and standardization construction,which provides references for the industrialization of FABs and the development of next-generation flexible energy storage technologies.展开更多
Graphene fiber supercapacitors(GFSCs)have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional features,including high power density,rapid charge/discharge rates,prolonged cycling durability,and versatile weaving c...Graphene fiber supercapacitors(GFSCs)have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional features,including high power density,rapid charge/discharge rates,prolonged cycling durability,and versatile weaving capabilities.Nevertheless,inherent challenges in graphene fibers(GFs),particularly the restricted ion-accessible specific surface area(SSA)and sluggish ion transport kinetics,hinder the achievement of optimal capacitance and rate performance.Despite existing reviews on GFSCs,a notable gap exists in thoroughly exploring the kinetics governing the energy storage process in GFSCs.This review aims to address this gap by thoroughly analyzing the energy storage mechanism,fabrication methodologies,property manipulation,and wearable applications of GFSCs.Through theoretical analysis of the energy storage process,specific parameters in advanced GF fabrication methodologies are carefully summarized,which can be used to modulate nano/micro-structures,thereby enhancing energy storage kinetics.In particular,enhanced ion storage is realized by creating more ion-accessible SSA and introducing extra-capacitive components,while accelerated ion transport is achieved by shortening the transport channel length and improving the accessibility of electrolyte ions.Building on the established structure-property relationship,several critical strategies for constructing optimal surface and structure profiles of GF electrodes are summarized.Capitalizing on the exceptional flexibility and wearability of GFSCs,the review further underscores their potential as foundational elements for constructing multifunctional e-textiles using conventional textile technologies.In conclusion,this review provides insights into current challenges and suggests potential research directions for GFSCs.展开更多
Given that conventional bulky electrochemical energy storage devices are too rigid and heavy to be considered wearable,developing fully integrated power systems is expected to accelerate the successful commercializati...Given that conventional bulky electrochemical energy storage devices are too rigid and heavy to be considered wearable,developing fully integrated power systems is expected to accelerate the successful commercialization of smart electronic textiles.Although great achievements have been made for fiber-shaped energy storage devices, there remain key challenges pertaining to their fabrication efficiency, scalability, and stability. Herein, a general and highly efficient method is developed to continuously fabricate supercapacitor fibers with lengths of kilometers at high production rate up to 118 m/h through a simple one-step wet spinning method.Beneficial from the designed unique two-circle-in-one-circle architecture, the resulting supercapacitor fibers demonstrated high electrochemical stability even after being bended for 1 × 10~5 cycles. As a demonstration, these continuous supercapacitor fibers were further woven into a flexible power scarf for large-scale applications in wearable electronics. This simple and scalable fabrication process combined with the unique structure provides a general and effective paradigm to design other fiber-shaped devices like sensors, batteries,and solar cells.展开更多
Coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors are a promising class of energy storage devices requiring high performance for flexible and miniature electronic devices.Yet,they are still struggling from inferior energy density,...Coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors are a promising class of energy storage devices requiring high performance for flexible and miniature electronic devices.Yet,they are still struggling from inferior energy density,which comes from the limited choices in materials and structure used.Here,Zn-doped CuO nanowires were designed as 3D framework for aligned distributing high mass loading of MnO2 nanosheets.Zn could be introduced into the CuO crystal lattice to tune the covalency character and thus improve charge transport.The Zn–CuO@MnO2 as positive electrode obtained superior performance without sacrificing its areal and gravimetric capacitances with the increasing of mass loading of MnO2 due to 3D Zn–CuO framework enabling efficient electron transport.A novel category of free-standing asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor based on Zn0.11CuO@MnO2 core electrode possesses superior specific capacitance and enhanced cell potential window.This asymmetric coaxial structure provides superior performance including higher capacity and better stability under deformation because of sufficient contact between the electrodes and electrolyte.Based on these advantages,the as-prepared asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance of 296.6 mF cm^−2 and energy density of 133.47μWh cm^−2.In addition,its capacitance retention reaches 76.57%after bending 10,000 times,which demonstrates as-prepared device’s excellent flexibility and long-term cycling stability.展开更多
Solid-state fiber dye-sensitized solar cells(SS-FDSSCs) have been the subject of intensive attention and development in recent years. Although this field is only in its infancy, metal–organic frameworks(MOFs) are one...Solid-state fiber dye-sensitized solar cells(SS-FDSSCs) have been the subject of intensive attention and development in recent years. Although this field is only in its infancy, metal–organic frameworks(MOFs) are one such material that has been utilized to further improve the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. In this study, MOF-integrated DSSCs were shown to have potential in the development of solar cell devices with efficiency comparable to or better than that of conventional solar cells. The power conversion efficiency(PCE) of SS-FDSSCs was improved by embedding MOF-801 into a mesoporous-TiO_(2)(mp-TiO_(2)) layer, which was used as a photoanode in SS-FDSSCs, which are inherently flexible. The PCE of the MOF-integrated SS-FDSSCs was 6.50%, which is comparable to that of the reference devices(4.19%).The MOF-801 enhanced SS-FDSSCs decreased the series resistance(R_(s)) value, resulting in effective electron extraction with improved short-circuit current density(J_(SC)), while also increasing the shunt resistance(R_(sh)) value to prevent the recombination of photo-induced electrons. The result is an improved fill factor and, consequently, a higher value for the PCE.展开更多
Flexible fiber-shaped sodium dual-ion batteries(FSDIBS)as a proof of concept are fabricated by using the hierarchical ReS_(2) nanosheets anchored on the carbon nanotube(ReS_(2)@CNT)fiber as anode and graphite on the C...Flexible fiber-shaped sodium dual-ion batteries(FSDIBS)as a proof of concept are fabricated by using the hierarchical ReS_(2) nanosheets anchored on the carbon nanotube(ReS_(2)@CNT)fiber as anode and graphite on the CNT as cathode.Owing to large interlayer spacing and weak layer coupling force of the ReS_(2) nanosheets and the anion accommodation of the graphite combined with good flexibility of the CNT fiber,the FSDIBS demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performances with high working voltage and high specific volumetric energy density,durable cycling life,and good flexibility.The FSDIBS show a specific discharge capacity of 97.8 mAh cm^(−3) at a current density of 630 mA cm^(−3) and high specific energy density of 25.12 mWh cm^(−3)(based on the whole volume of the two electrodes)and superb stability with a capacity retention of 91.8%even after bending for 2100 cycles.Moreover,a series of ex situ/in situ characterizations are verified that the reversible shuttles of the Na^(+) cations and PF_(6)^(-) anions between the anode and cathode are simultaneously occurred during the charge/discharge process.展开更多
Commercialization of Zn-metal anodes with low cost and high theoretical capacity is hindered by the poor reversibility caused by dendrites growth,side reactions,and the slow Zn^(2+)-transport and reaction kinetics.Her...Commercialization of Zn-metal anodes with low cost and high theoretical capacity is hindered by the poor reversibility caused by dendrites growth,side reactions,and the slow Zn^(2+)-transport and reaction kinetics.Herein,a reversible heterogeneous electrode of Zn-nanocrystallites/polyvinylphosphonic acrylamide(Zn/PPAm)with fast electrochemical kinetics is designed for the first time:phosphonic acid groups with strong polarity and chelation effect ensure structural reversibility and stability of the threedimensional Zn-storage-host PPAm network and the Zn/PPAm hybrid;hydrophobic carbon chains suppress side reactions such as hydrogen evolution and corrosion;weak electron-donating amide groups constitute Zn^(2+)-transport channels and promote“desolvation”and“solvation”effects of Zn^(2+)by dragging the PPAm network on the Zn-metal surface to compress/stretch during Zn plating/stripping,respectively;and the heterostructure and Zn nanocrystallites suppress dendrite growth and enhance electrochemical reactivity,respectively.Thus,the Zn/PPAm electrode shows cycle reversibility of over 6000 h with a hysteresis voltage as low as 31 mV in symmetrical cells and excellent durability and flexibility in fiber-shaped batteries.展开更多
As mechanical devices for moving or controlling mechanisms or systems,actuators have attracted increasing attention in various fields.Compared to traditional actuators with rigid structures,soft actuators made up of s...As mechanical devices for moving or controlling mechanisms or systems,actuators have attracted increasing attention in various fields.Compared to traditional actuators with rigid structures,soft actuators made up of stimulus-responsive soft materials are more adaptable to complex working conditions due to soft bodies and diverse control styles.Different from plate-shaped soft actuators,which have the limited deformations between two dimensional(2D)and 3D-configurations such as bending and twisting,fiber-shaped soft actuators(FSAs)own intriguing deformation modes to satisfy diverse practical applications.In this mini review,the recent progress on the controlled fabrication of the FSAs is presented.The advantages and disadvantages of each fabrication method are also demonstrated.Subsequently,the as-developed actuation mechanisms of the FSAs are displayed.Additionally,typical examples of the related applications of the FSAs in different fields have been discussed.Finally,an outlook on the development tendency of the FSAs is put forward as well.展开更多
Neutral aqueous rechargeable Co_(3)O_(4)//Zn batteries with high-output voltage and outstanding cycling stability have yielded new insights into wearable energy-storage devices.To meet the increasing demand for a mean...Neutral aqueous rechargeable Co_(3)O_(4)//Zn batteries with high-output voltage and outstanding cycling stability have yielded new insights into wearable energy-storage devices.To meet the increasing demand for a means of powering wearable and portable devices,the development of a high-performance fiber-shaped Co//Zn battery would be highly desirable.However,the intrinsically poor conductivity of C 03O4 significantly restricts the application of these high-capacity and high-rate aqueous rechargeable battery.Encouragingly,density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate that the substitution of Zn for Co^(3+)leads to an insulatormetal transition in the Zn-doped Co_(3)O_(4)(Zn-Co_(3)O_(4)).In this study,we used metallic Zn-Co_(3)O_(4)nanowire arrays(NWAs)as a novel binder-free cathode to successfully fabricate an all-solid-state fiber-shaped aqueous rechargeable(AFAR)Co//Zn battery.The resulting fiber-shaped Co//Zn battery takes advantage of the enhanced conductivity,increased capacity,and improved rate capability of Zn-Co_(3)O_(4)NWAs to yield a remarkable capacity of 1.25 mAh·cm^(-2)at a current density of 0.5 mA·cm^(-2),extraordinary rate capability(60.8%capacity retention at a high current density of 20 mA·cm^(-2))and an admirable energy density of 772.6 mWh·cm^(-3).Thus,the successful construction of Zn-Co_(3)O_(4)NWAs provides valuable insights into the design of high-capacity and high-rate cathode materials for aqueous rechargeable high-voltage batteries.展开更多
Perovskite-based solar cells with high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)are currently being demonstrated in solid-state device designs.Their elevated performances can possibly be attained with different non-standard...Perovskite-based solar cells with high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)are currently being demonstrated in solid-state device designs.Their elevated performances can possibly be attained with different non-standard geometries,for example,the fiber-shaped perovskite solar cells,in the light of careful design and engineering.Fiber-shaped solar cells are promising in smart textiles energy harvesting towards next-generation electronic applications and devices.They can be made with facile process and at low cost.Recently,fiber-shaped perovskite solar devices have been reported,particularly with the focus on the proof-of-concept in such non-traditional architectures.In this line,there are so many technical aspects which need to be addressed,if these photovoltaic(PV)cells are to be industrialized and produced massively.Herein,a well-organized and comprehensive discussion about the reported devices in this arena is presented.The challenges that need to be addressed,the possible solutions and the probable applications of these PV cells are also discussed.More still,the perovskite fiber-shaped PV cells with other fiber PV devices reported in literature in terms of their scope,characteristic designs,performances,and other technical considerations have been summarised.展开更多
Flexible and micro-sized energy conversion/storage components are extremely demanding in portable and multifunctional electronic devices, especially those small,flexible, roll-up and even wearable ones. Here in this p...Flexible and micro-sized energy conversion/storage components are extremely demanding in portable and multifunctional electronic devices, especially those small,flexible, roll-up and even wearable ones. Here in this paper, a two-step electrochemical deposition method has been developed to coat Ni fibers with reduced graphene oxide and MnO2 subsequently, giving rise to Ni@reduced-graphene-oxide@MnO2 sheath-core flexible electrode with a high areal specific capacitance of 119.4 mF cm^-2 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm^-2 in 1 mol L^-1 Na2SO4 electrolyte. Using polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）-LiCl as a solid state electrolyte, two Ni@reduced-grapheneoxide@Mn02 flexible electrodes were assembled into a freestanding, lightweight, symmetrical fiber-shaped micro-supercapacitor device with a maximum areal capacitance of26.9 mF cm^-2. A high power density of 0.1 W cm^-3 could be obtained when the energy density was as high as0.27 mW h cm^-3. Moreover, the resulting micro-supercapacitor device also demonstrated good flexibility and high cyclic stability. The present work provides a simple, facile and low-cost method for the fabrication of flexible, lightweight and wearable energy conversion/storage micro-devices with a high-performance.展开更多
Despite the impressive power conversion efficiency(PCE)beyond 25.5%,perovskite solar cells,especially the Sn-based variants,are poorly stable under normal operating conditions compared with the market-dominant silicon...Despite the impressive power conversion efficiency(PCE)beyond 25.5%,perovskite solar cells,especially the Sn-based variants,are poorly stable under normal operating conditions compared with the market-dominant silicon solar cells that can last for over 25 years.2D3D hybrid perovskite materials are one of the best options to overcome the instability chal-lenge without compromising efficiency.Indeed,a record performance of 1 year was reported in Pb-based 2D3D planar per-ovskite devices.However,the reaction between 2 and 3D perovskite molecules requires high temperatures(-300°C)and increased reaction time(-24 h)to achieve high-quality 2D3D hybrid perovskites.Herein,we base on the ability of chlorine to displace iodine from its ionic compounds in solutions to utilize chloride ions as catalysts for speeding up the reaction between iodine-based 2D and 3D perovskite molecules.The approach reduces the reaction time to-20 min and the reaction temperature to-100°C with the formation of high-quality 2D3D hybrid perovskites,free from pure 2D traces.Integrating the synthesized 2D3D hybrid perovskite material with 50%chlorine doping in a fiber-shaped solar cell architecture yielded the highest reported PCE of 11.96%in Sn-based fiber-shaped perovskite solar cells.The unencapsulated and encapsulated fiber-shaped solar cells could maintain 75%and 95.5%of their original PCE,respectively,after 3 months under room light and relative humidity of 35–40%,revealing the champion stability in Sn-based perovskite solar devices.The solar yarn also demonstrated constant energy output under changing light incident angles(0–180°).展开更多
基金supported by Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Institutional Program and Open Research Program(ORP)This work was also supported by grant from the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea government(RS-2024-00433159 and RS-2023-00208313)from ITECH R&D program of MOTIE/KEIT(RS-2023-00257573).
文摘Fiber-shaped energy storage devices(FSESDs)with exceptional flexibility for wearable power sources should be applied with solid electrolytes over liquid electrolytes due to short circuits and leakage issue during deformation.Among the solid options,polymer electrolytes are particularly preferred due to their robustness and flexibility,although their low ionic conductivity remains a significant challenge.Here,we present a redox polymer electrolyte(HT_RPE)with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(HT)as a multi-functional additive.HT acts as a plasticizer that transforms the glassy state into the rubbery state for improved chain mobility and provides distinctive ion conduction pathway by the self-exchange reaction between radical and oxidized species.These synergetic effects lead to high ionic conductivity(73.5 mS cm−1)based on a lower activation energy of 0.13 eV than other redox additives.Moreover,HT_RPE with a pseudocapacitive characteristic by HT enables an outstanding electrochemical performance of the symmetric FSESDs using carbon-based fiber electrodes(energy density of 25.4 W h kg^(−1) at a power density of 25,000 W kg^(−1))without typical active materials,along with excellent stability(capacitance retention of 91.2%after 8,000 bending cycles).This work highlights a versatile HT_RPE that utilizes the unique functionality of HT for both the high ionic conductivity and improved energy storage capability,providing a promising pathway for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.
基金Project(2016YFB0901503) supported by National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(22075320,21875284) supported by the National Natureal Science Foundation of China。
文摘Rapid development of portable or wearable devices, which is inspired by requirements of instant messaging,health monitoring and handling official business, urgently demands more tiny, flexible and light power sources. Fibershaped batteries explored in recent years become a prospective candidate to satisfy these demands. With 1D architecture,the fiber-shaped batteries could be adapted to various deformations and integrated into soft textile and other devices.Numerous researches have been reported and achieved huge promotion. To give an overview of fiber-shaped batteries,we summarized the development of fiber-shaped batteries in this review, and discussed the structure and materials in fiber-shaped batteries. The flexibility of batteries with the potential application of the batteries was also exhibited and showed the future perspective. Finally, challenges in this field were discussed, hoping to reveal research direction towards further development of fiber-shaped batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278065 and 22073015)。
文摘Vitrimers have emerged as a prominent research area in the field of polymer materials.Most of the studies have focused on synthesizing polymers with versatile dynamic crosslinking structures,while the impact of chemical structure on aggregate structure of vitrimers,particularly during polymer processing,remains insufficiently investigated.The present study employed commercial maleic anhydride-grafted-high density polyethylene(M-g-HDPE)as the matrix and hexanediol as the crosslinker to facilely obtain fiber-shaped HDPE vitrimers through a reaction extrusion and post-drawing process.Through chemical structure characterization,morphology observation,thermal and mechanical properties investigation,as well as aggregate structure analysis,this work revealed the influence of dynamic bonds on the formation of aggregate structures during fiber-shaped vitrimers processing.A small amount of dynamic bonds in HDPE restricts the motion of PE chain during melt-extruding and post-drawing,resulting in a lower orientation of the PE chains.However,lamellar growth and fibril formation during post-drawing at high temperature are enhanced to some extent due to the competition between dynamic bond and chain relaxation.The uneven morphology of fibershaped HDPE vitrimers can be attributed to the stronger elastic effect brought by dynamic bonding,which plays a more dominant role in determining the mechanical properties of fiber-shaped vitrimers compared to aggregate structure.Abstract Vitrimers have emerged as a prominent research area in the field of polymer materials.Most of the studies have focused on synthesizing polymers with versatile dynamic crosslinking structures,while the impact of chemical structure on aggregate structure of vitrimers,particularly during polymer processing,remains insufficiently investigated.The present study employed commercial maleic anhydride-grafted-high density polyethylene(M-g-HDPE)as the matrix and hexanediol as the crosslinker to facilely obtain fiber-shaped HDPE vitrimers through a reaction extrusion and post-drawing process.Through chemical structure characterization,morphology observation,thermal and mechanical properties investigation,as well as aggregate structure analysis,this work revealed the influence of dynamic bonds on the formation of aggregate structures during fiber-shaped vitrimers processing.A small amount of dynamic bonds in HDPE restricts the motion of PE chain during melt-extruding and post-drawing,resulting in a lower orientation of the PE chains.However,lamellar growth and fibril formation during post-drawing at high temperature are enhanced to some extent due to the competition between dynamic bond and chain relaxation.The uneven morphology of fibershaped HDPE vitrimers can be attributed to the stronger elastic effect brought by dynamic bonding,which plays a more dominant role in determining the mechanical properties of fiber-shaped vitrimers compared to aggregate structure.
基金upported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21875226)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan Province(No.2017JQ0036)the Chengdu Rongpiao Talent plan,the Sichuan'Ten-thousand Talents Program",the"QianYingBaiTuan"Plan of China Mianyang Science City,the Science Foundation of Institute of Chemical Materials(No.O11100301)the"Global Experts Recruitment"program.
文摘Fiber-shaped supercapacitors(FSSCs)show great potential in portable and wearable electronics due to their unique advantages of high safety,environmental friendliness,high performances,outstanding flexibility and integrability.They can directly act as the power sources or be easily integrated with other flexible devices to constitute self-powered and sustainable energy suppliers,providing excellent adaptability to irregular surfaces.This review mainly summarizes the recently reported works of FSSCs including preparation methods of various fiber electrodes,construction strategies of FSSCs and multi-functional device integrations,exploration of reaction mechanisms and strategies to improve the electrochemical performance and provision of suggestions on further designing and optimization of FSSCs.Meanwhile,it shares our perspectives on challenges and opportunities in this field,shedding light on the development of high-performance fiber-shaped supercapacitors with multifunctions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51702362Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2022JJ30663,2022JJ40551Independent Science Foundation of National University of Defense Technology。
文摘Fiber-shaped batteries,distinguished by their unique one-dimensional archi-tecture,offer ultra-high flexibility,remarkable stretchability,and excellent knittability,rendering them highly appealing as energy storage solutions for smart wearable fabrics.Among various fiber-shaped battery systems,aqueous zinc batteries stand out as one of the most promising candidates owing to their high specific capacity,inherent safety,and cost-effectiveness.However,the practical applicability of fiber-shaped zinc batteries(FZBs)is significantly hin-dered by challenges in scalable production,long-term operational stability,and seamless integration.Despite the growing interest in FZBs,a comprehen-sive and systematic review that critically examines the essential components,assembly configurations,manufacturing techniques,and performance-enhancing strategies is still lacking.This review aims to fill this gap by first summarizing the fundamental components of FZBs,including cathodes,anodes,electrolytes,current collectors,and encapsulation materials.It then compares the impact of various assembly configurations,including parallel,winding,coaxial,and weaving structures,on battery performance.Further-more,it provides an in-depth analysis of diverse manufacturing techniques for fiber electrodes,including dip-coating,hydrothermal synthesis,and electrode-position,as well as the assembly procedures ranging from manual to equipment-assisted and one-step assembly methods.In addition,this review highlights strategies for improving both electrochemical and wearable perfor-mance through material modification and structural design.It also under-scores the multifunctional applications of FZBs,such as thermosensitive,fluorescent,and sweat-driven variants,along with their potential in physiologi-cal sensing and environmental monitoring.Finally,it identifies the existing barriers to FZBs commercialization,including limited energy density,complex integration processes,and unclear internal mechanisms.Based on these insights,it proposes future research directions and development initiatives to advance the field of FZBs,thereby promoting their transition from laboratory prototypes to commercial products.
基金Research Fund for International Scientists(52350710795)National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Shanghai Pujiang Program(24PJA090).
文摘The rapid advancement of wearable electronics has driven significant interest in the development of wearable energy storage technologies.Among them,aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)have gained considerable attention as promising candidates for portable and wearable applications.In particular,aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs offer distinctive advantages,such as miniaturization,flexibility,and wearability,making them especially suitable for powering next-generation wearable devices.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs,focusing on the fabrication of fiber-based electrodes and various battery configurations.In addition,we highlight the evolution of fiber-shaped ZIBs from single-function to multi-function systems,exploring their potential for diverse applications.The review also addresses the key challenges in this field and discusses future research directions to drive the further development of aqueous fiber-shaped ZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201222 and 62174085)Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professors Program,and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.22KJB430008).
文摘The rapid evolution of flexible wearable electronics has spurred a growing demand for energy storage devices,characterized by low-cost manufacturing processes,high safety standards,exceptional electrochemical performance and robust mechanical properties.Among novel flexible devices,fiber-shaped batteries(FSBs)have emerged as prominent solutions exceptionally suited to future applications,owing to their unique one-dimensional(1D)architecture,remarkable flexibility,potential for miniaturization,adaptability to deformation and compatibility with the conventional textile industry.In the forefront research on fiber-shaped batteries,zincbased FSBs(ZFSBs)have garnered significant attentions,featured by the promising electrochemical properties of metallic Zn.This enthusiasm is driven by the impressive capacity of Zn(820 mAh·g^(-1))and its low redox potential(Zn/Zn^(2+):-0.76 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode).This review aims to consolidate recent achievements in the structural design,fabrication processes and electrode materials of flexible ZFSBs.Notably,we highlight three representative structural configurations:parallel type,twisted type and coaxial type.We also place special emphasis on electrode modifications and electrolyte selection.Furthermore,we delve into the promising development opportunities and anticipate future challenges associated with ZFSBs,emphasizing their potential roles in powering the next generation of wearable electronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21634003,21604012)
文摘As a promising candidate for future demand, fiber-shaped electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries have obtained considerable attention from academy to industry. Carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube and graphene, have been widely investigated as electrode materials due to their merits of light weight, flexibility and high capacitance. In this review, recent progress of carbon nanomaterials in flexible fiber-shaped energy storage devices has been summarized in accordance with the development of fibrous electrodes, including the diversified electrode preparation, functional and intelligent device structure, and large-scale production of fibrous electrodes or devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52473270,T2422028)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1203304)+3 种基金the Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences(start-up grant,E1552102)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M764385,GZC20250555,GZC20250062)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2025ZB291)。
文摘To meet the demand for energy storage devices with high safety,excellent flexibility,and environmental compatibility in wearable electronic devices,fiber-shaped aqueous batteries(FABs)have become a key research direction in the field of flexible energy storage.This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress of FABs.Firstly,it elaborates on their core working mechanisms,including the intercalation mechanism involving reversible insertion/extraction of charge carriers,the conversion mechanism characterized by changes in the oxidation state and phase of electrode materials and the deposition/dissolution mechanism of metal ions.Subsequently,it summarizes the design principles from three dimensions:electrode fabrication(surface coating,in-situ growth,thermal drawing,solution spinning),device architectures(parallel,twisted,coaxial,crossing),and performance evaluation metrics(energy density,specific capacity,long-term cycling stability,flexibility).Additionally,the paper combs the research breakthroughs of FABs based on Li^(+)/Na^(+),multivalent ions(Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+)/Al^(3+)),NH_(4)^(+),and alkaline systems,and introduces their applications in energy storage-photoelectric response integration,energy storage-sensing integration,and multi-device power supply.Finally,it points out the challenges,such as low utilization efficiency of electrode materials and poor interface stability,and looks forward to the development directions including intelligent materials,manufacturing technologies,and standardization construction,which provides references for the industrialization of FABs and the development of next-generation flexible energy storage technologies.
基金Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:23ZR1402500National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51973034+1 种基金National Scholarship CouncilNational Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFB3809800.
文摘Graphene fiber supercapacitors(GFSCs)have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional features,including high power density,rapid charge/discharge rates,prolonged cycling durability,and versatile weaving capabilities.Nevertheless,inherent challenges in graphene fibers(GFs),particularly the restricted ion-accessible specific surface area(SSA)and sluggish ion transport kinetics,hinder the achievement of optimal capacitance and rate performance.Despite existing reviews on GFSCs,a notable gap exists in thoroughly exploring the kinetics governing the energy storage process in GFSCs.This review aims to address this gap by thoroughly analyzing the energy storage mechanism,fabrication methodologies,property manipulation,and wearable applications of GFSCs.Through theoretical analysis of the energy storage process,specific parameters in advanced GF fabrication methodologies are carefully summarized,which can be used to modulate nano/micro-structures,thereby enhancing energy storage kinetics.In particular,enhanced ion storage is realized by creating more ion-accessible SSA and introducing extra-capacitive components,while accelerated ion transport is achieved by shortening the transport channel length and improving the accessibility of electrolyte ions.Building on the established structure-property relationship,several critical strategies for constructing optimal surface and structure profiles of GF electrodes are summarized.Capitalizing on the exceptional flexibility and wearability of GFSCs,the review further underscores their potential as foundational elements for constructing multifunctional e-textiles using conventional textile technologies.In conclusion,this review provides insights into current challenges and suggests potential research directions for GFSCs.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2016YFA0203302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21634003, 51573027, 51403038, 51673043, and 21604012)+1 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (STCSM) (Nos. 16JC1400702, 15XD1500400, and 15JC1490200)the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. KLH1615142)
文摘Given that conventional bulky electrochemical energy storage devices are too rigid and heavy to be considered wearable,developing fully integrated power systems is expected to accelerate the successful commercialization of smart electronic textiles.Although great achievements have been made for fiber-shaped energy storage devices, there remain key challenges pertaining to their fabrication efficiency, scalability, and stability. Herein, a general and highly efficient method is developed to continuously fabricate supercapacitor fibers with lengths of kilometers at high production rate up to 118 m/h through a simple one-step wet spinning method.Beneficial from the designed unique two-circle-in-one-circle architecture, the resulting supercapacitor fibers demonstrated high electrochemical stability even after being bended for 1 × 10~5 cycles. As a demonstration, these continuous supercapacitor fibers were further woven into a flexible power scarf for large-scale applications in wearable electronics. This simple and scalable fabrication process combined with the unique structure provides a general and effective paradigm to design other fiber-shaped devices like sensors, batteries,and solar cells.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21975281,21773293,21603264)CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0203301)+1 种基金Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(2019K048)Suzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(SYG201926).
文摘Coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors are a promising class of energy storage devices requiring high performance for flexible and miniature electronic devices.Yet,they are still struggling from inferior energy density,which comes from the limited choices in materials and structure used.Here,Zn-doped CuO nanowires were designed as 3D framework for aligned distributing high mass loading of MnO2 nanosheets.Zn could be introduced into the CuO crystal lattice to tune the covalency character and thus improve charge transport.The Zn–CuO@MnO2 as positive electrode obtained superior performance without sacrificing its areal and gravimetric capacitances with the increasing of mass loading of MnO2 due to 3D Zn–CuO framework enabling efficient electron transport.A novel category of free-standing asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor based on Zn0.11CuO@MnO2 core electrode possesses superior specific capacitance and enhanced cell potential window.This asymmetric coaxial structure provides superior performance including higher capacity and better stability under deformation because of sufficient contact between the electrodes and electrolyte.Based on these advantages,the as-prepared asymmetric coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance of 296.6 mF cm^−2 and energy density of 133.47μWh cm^−2.In addition,its capacitance retention reaches 76.57%after bending 10,000 times,which demonstrates as-prepared device’s excellent flexibility and long-term cycling stability.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Program(PNK 7350 and PNK 7340)of the Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS)the National Research Foundation(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MEST)(2021R1A2C2014192)。
文摘Solid-state fiber dye-sensitized solar cells(SS-FDSSCs) have been the subject of intensive attention and development in recent years. Although this field is only in its infancy, metal–organic frameworks(MOFs) are one such material that has been utilized to further improve the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. In this study, MOF-integrated DSSCs were shown to have potential in the development of solar cell devices with efficiency comparable to or better than that of conventional solar cells. The power conversion efficiency(PCE) of SS-FDSSCs was improved by embedding MOF-801 into a mesoporous-TiO_(2)(mp-TiO_(2)) layer, which was used as a photoanode in SS-FDSSCs, which are inherently flexible. The PCE of the MOF-integrated SS-FDSSCs was 6.50%, which is comparable to that of the reference devices(4.19%).The MOF-801 enhanced SS-FDSSCs decreased the series resistance(R_(s)) value, resulting in effective electron extraction with improved short-circuit current density(J_(SC)), while also increasing the shunt resistance(R_(sh)) value to prevent the recombination of photo-induced electrons. The result is an improved fill factor and, consequently, a higher value for the PCE.
基金financial supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21875226,52072352,U20A2072)the Foundation for the Youth S&T Innovation Team of Sichuan Province(2020JDTD0035)+2 种基金Tianfu Rencai Plan,the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan Province(2017JQ0036)the Chengdu Talent plan,Science and Technology Projects for Administration for Market Regulation of Sichuan Province(SCSJ2020016)the Talent Plan of China Science City.
文摘Flexible fiber-shaped sodium dual-ion batteries(FSDIBS)as a proof of concept are fabricated by using the hierarchical ReS_(2) nanosheets anchored on the carbon nanotube(ReS_(2)@CNT)fiber as anode and graphite on the CNT as cathode.Owing to large interlayer spacing and weak layer coupling force of the ReS_(2) nanosheets and the anion accommodation of the graphite combined with good flexibility of the CNT fiber,the FSDIBS demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performances with high working voltage and high specific volumetric energy density,durable cycling life,and good flexibility.The FSDIBS show a specific discharge capacity of 97.8 mAh cm^(−3) at a current density of 630 mA cm^(−3) and high specific energy density of 25.12 mWh cm^(−3)(based on the whole volume of the two electrodes)and superb stability with a capacity retention of 91.8%even after bending for 2100 cycles.Moreover,a series of ex situ/in situ characterizations are verified that the reversible shuttles of the Na^(+) cations and PF_(6)^(-) anions between the anode and cathode are simultaneously occurred during the charge/discharge process.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea,Grant/Award Numbers:2022R1F1A1074441,2022R1F1A1074707KIST Institutional Program,Grant/Award Numbers:2V09480,2E32582。
文摘Commercialization of Zn-metal anodes with low cost and high theoretical capacity is hindered by the poor reversibility caused by dendrites growth,side reactions,and the slow Zn^(2+)-transport and reaction kinetics.Herein,a reversible heterogeneous electrode of Zn-nanocrystallites/polyvinylphosphonic acrylamide(Zn/PPAm)with fast electrochemical kinetics is designed for the first time:phosphonic acid groups with strong polarity and chelation effect ensure structural reversibility and stability of the threedimensional Zn-storage-host PPAm network and the Zn/PPAm hybrid;hydrophobic carbon chains suppress side reactions such as hydrogen evolution and corrosion;weak electron-donating amide groups constitute Zn^(2+)-transport channels and promote“desolvation”and“solvation”effects of Zn^(2+)by dragging the PPAm network on the Zn-metal surface to compress/stretch during Zn plating/stripping,respectively;and the heterostructure and Zn nanocrystallites suppress dendrite growth and enhance electrochemical reactivity,respectively.Thus,the Zn/PPAm electrode shows cycle reversibility of over 6000 h with a hysteresis voltage as low as 31 mV in symmetrical cells and excellent durability and flexibility in fiber-shaped batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.21875160)State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(Grant No.KF2219)+1 种基金JK20202A030463,the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(Grant No.20JCQNJC00870)the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.2020KJ054).
文摘As mechanical devices for moving or controlling mechanisms or systems,actuators have attracted increasing attention in various fields.Compared to traditional actuators with rigid structures,soft actuators made up of stimulus-responsive soft materials are more adaptable to complex working conditions due to soft bodies and diverse control styles.Different from plate-shaped soft actuators,which have the limited deformations between two dimensional(2D)and 3D-configurations such as bending and twisting,fiber-shaped soft actuators(FSAs)own intriguing deformation modes to satisfy diverse practical applications.In this mini review,the recent progress on the controlled fabrication of the FSAs is presented.The advantages and disadvantages of each fabrication method are also demonstrated.Subsequently,the as-developed actuation mechanisms of the FSAs are displayed.Additionally,typical examples of the related applications of the FSAs in different fields have been discussed.Finally,an outlook on the development tendency of the FSAs is put forward as well.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51703241)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.020514380183)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDB-SSW-SLH031)the Science and Technology Project of Nanchang(No.2017-SJSYS-008).
文摘Neutral aqueous rechargeable Co_(3)O_(4)//Zn batteries with high-output voltage and outstanding cycling stability have yielded new insights into wearable energy-storage devices.To meet the increasing demand for a means of powering wearable and portable devices,the development of a high-performance fiber-shaped Co//Zn battery would be highly desirable.However,the intrinsically poor conductivity of C 03O4 significantly restricts the application of these high-capacity and high-rate aqueous rechargeable battery.Encouragingly,density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate that the substitution of Zn for Co^(3+)leads to an insulatormetal transition in the Zn-doped Co_(3)O_(4)(Zn-Co_(3)O_(4)).In this study,we used metallic Zn-Co_(3)O_(4)nanowire arrays(NWAs)as a novel binder-free cathode to successfully fabricate an all-solid-state fiber-shaped aqueous rechargeable(AFAR)Co//Zn battery.The resulting fiber-shaped Co//Zn battery takes advantage of the enhanced conductivity,increased capacity,and improved rate capability of Zn-Co_(3)O_(4)NWAs to yield a remarkable capacity of 1.25 mAh·cm^(-2)at a current density of 0.5 mA·cm^(-2),extraordinary rate capability(60.8%capacity retention at a high current density of 20 mA·cm^(-2))and an admirable energy density of 772.6 mWh·cm^(-3).Thus,the successful construction of Zn-Co_(3)O_(4)NWAs provides valuable insights into the design of high-capacity and high-rate cathode materials for aqueous rechargeable high-voltage batteries.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0201702/2016YFA0201700)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(19ZR1400900)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shang-hai Municipality(16JC1400700)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2232018A3-01)the Program for Innovative Research Team at the University of Ministry of Education of China(IRT_16R13)the International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials(18520750400),the(No.111-2-04).
文摘Perovskite-based solar cells with high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)are currently being demonstrated in solid-state device designs.Their elevated performances can possibly be attained with different non-standard geometries,for example,the fiber-shaped perovskite solar cells,in the light of careful design and engineering.Fiber-shaped solar cells are promising in smart textiles energy harvesting towards next-generation electronic applications and devices.They can be made with facile process and at low cost.Recently,fiber-shaped perovskite solar devices have been reported,particularly with the focus on the proof-of-concept in such non-traditional architectures.In this line,there are so many technical aspects which need to be addressed,if these photovoltaic(PV)cells are to be industrialized and produced massively.Herein,a well-organized and comprehensive discussion about the reported devices in this arena is presented.The challenges that need to be addressed,the possible solutions and the probable applications of these PV cells are also discussed.More still,the perovskite fiber-shaped PV cells with other fiber PV devices reported in literature in terms of their scope,characteristic designs,performances,and other technical considerations have been summarised.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of China (IRT1148)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51772157 and 21173116)+3 种基金Synergistic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displays,Jiangsu Province "Six Talent Peak" (2015-JY-015)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (BK20141424)the Program of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NY214088)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics of Southeast University (12015010)
文摘Flexible and micro-sized energy conversion/storage components are extremely demanding in portable and multifunctional electronic devices, especially those small,flexible, roll-up and even wearable ones. Here in this paper, a two-step electrochemical deposition method has been developed to coat Ni fibers with reduced graphene oxide and MnO2 subsequently, giving rise to Ni@reduced-graphene-oxide@MnO2 sheath-core flexible electrode with a high areal specific capacitance of 119.4 mF cm^-2 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm^-2 in 1 mol L^-1 Na2SO4 electrolyte. Using polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）-LiCl as a solid state electrolyte, two Ni@reduced-grapheneoxide@Mn02 flexible electrodes were assembled into a freestanding, lightweight, symmetrical fiber-shaped micro-supercapacitor device with a maximum areal capacitance of26.9 mF cm^-2. A high power density of 0.1 W cm^-3 could be obtained when the energy density was as high as0.27 mW h cm^-3. Moreover, the resulting micro-supercapacitor device also demonstrated good flexibility and high cyclic stability. The present work provides a simple, facile and low-cost method for the fabrication of flexible, lightweight and wearable energy conversion/storage micro-devices with a high-performance.
基金thank the Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Plan Project(Category C,Grant No.ZGCP)Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(Grant No.15302121)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975214)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC2000900)Seed Fund of Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems(Grant No.CD45)Start-up Fund of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Grant No.BE1H)Departmental General Research Fund of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Grant No.UAME),and The Hong Kong Ph.D.Fellowship Scheme.
文摘Despite the impressive power conversion efficiency(PCE)beyond 25.5%,perovskite solar cells,especially the Sn-based variants,are poorly stable under normal operating conditions compared with the market-dominant silicon solar cells that can last for over 25 years.2D3D hybrid perovskite materials are one of the best options to overcome the instability chal-lenge without compromising efficiency.Indeed,a record performance of 1 year was reported in Pb-based 2D3D planar per-ovskite devices.However,the reaction between 2 and 3D perovskite molecules requires high temperatures(-300°C)and increased reaction time(-24 h)to achieve high-quality 2D3D hybrid perovskites.Herein,we base on the ability of chlorine to displace iodine from its ionic compounds in solutions to utilize chloride ions as catalysts for speeding up the reaction between iodine-based 2D and 3D perovskite molecules.The approach reduces the reaction time to-20 min and the reaction temperature to-100°C with the formation of high-quality 2D3D hybrid perovskites,free from pure 2D traces.Integrating the synthesized 2D3D hybrid perovskite material with 50%chlorine doping in a fiber-shaped solar cell architecture yielded the highest reported PCE of 11.96%in Sn-based fiber-shaped perovskite solar cells.The unencapsulated and encapsulated fiber-shaped solar cells could maintain 75%and 95.5%of their original PCE,respectively,after 3 months under room light and relative humidity of 35–40%,revealing the champion stability in Sn-based perovskite solar devices.The solar yarn also demonstrated constant energy output under changing light incident angles(0–180°).
