Nitrogen（N） fertilizer experiments were conducted to investigate the optimal subtending leaf N concentration for fiber strength,and its relationship with activities of key enzymes（sucrose synthase and β-1,3-glucan...Nitrogen（N） fertilizer experiments were conducted to investigate the optimal subtending leaf N concentration for fiber strength,and its relationship with activities of key enzymes（sucrose synthase and β-1,3-glucanase） and contents of key constituents（sucrose and β-1,3-glucan） involved in fiber strength development in the lower,middle and upper fruiting branches of two cotton cultivars（Kemian 1 and NuCOTN 33B）.For each sampling day,we simulated changes in fiber strength,activity of sucrose synthase and β-1,3-glucanase and levels of sucrose and β-1,3-glucan in response to leaf N concentration using quadratic eqs.;the optimal subtending leaf N concentrations were deduced from the eqs.For the same fruiting branch,changes in the optimal leaf N concentration based on fiber development（DPA） could be simulated by power functions.From these functions,the average optimal subtending leaf N concentrations during fiber development for the cultivar,Kemian 1,were 2.84% in the lower fruiting branches,3.15% in the middle fruiting branches and 3.04% in the upper fruiting branches.For the cultivar,NuCOTN 33B,the optimum concentrations were 3.04,3.28 and 3.18% in the lower,middle and upper fruiting branches,respectively.This quantification may be used as a monitoring index for evaluating fiber strength and its related key enzymes and constituents during fiber formation at the lower,middle and upper fruiting branches.展开更多
The cholesterol solution concentration sensing characteristics based on tilted fiber Bragg grating(TFBG) are investigated by means of theoretical analysis and experiments. We prepare two groups of cholesterol solution...The cholesterol solution concentration sensing characteristics based on tilted fiber Bragg grating(TFBG) are investigated by means of theoretical analysis and experiments. We prepare two groups of cholesterol solutions with the same concentration range and different refractive index ranges. The sensitivity of the two groups of solutions was 11.83 pm·m L/mg and 124.79 pm·m L/mg, respectively. The results show that the sensitivity of cholesterol solution can be improved by adjusting the refractive index range. This conclusion is valuable for measuring the concentration of fat-soluble solution.展开更多
We report a high power and widely tunable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser using 1480nm pump and high concentration EDF. Large tuning range up to 105nm (1513-1618 nm) has been obtained by optimizing of the EDF length.
We designed and evaluated a fluoride-based high concentration erbium/ cerium co-doped fiber amplifier. It is suitable for Metropolitan Area Networks due to faster transient, flatter (unfiltered) gain, smaller footprin...We designed and evaluated a fluoride-based high concentration erbium/ cerium co-doped fiber amplifier. It is suitable for Metropolitan Area Networks due to faster transient, flatter (unfiltered) gain, smaller footprint and gain excursion than its silica-based counterpart.展开更多
A high-flux circulating fluidized bed （CFB） riser （0.076-m I.D. and 10-m high） was operated in a wide range of operating conditions to study its chaotic dynamics, using FCC catalyst particles （dp= 67μm, ρp = 15...A high-flux circulating fluidized bed （CFB） riser （0.076-m I.D. and 10-m high） was operated in a wide range of operating conditions to study its chaotic dynamics, using FCC catalyst particles （dp= 67μm, ρp = 1500 kg·m^-3）. Local solids concentration fluctuations measured using a reflective-type fiber optic probe were processed to determine chaotic invariants （Kolmogorov entropy and correlation dimension）, Radial and axial profiles of the chaotic invariants at different operating conditions show that the core region exhibits higher values of the chaotic invariants than the wall region. Both invariants vary strongly with local mean solids concentration. The transition section of the riser exhibits more complex dynamics while the bottom and top sections exhibit a more uniform macroscopic and less-complex microscopic flow structure. Increasing gas velocity leads to more complex and less predictable solids concentration fluctuations, while increasing solids flux generally lowers complexity and increases predictability. Very high solids flux, however, was observed to increase the entropy.展开更多
Increasing consumer awareness of health and climate is being reflected in their dietary choices.This is reflected in the strong growth in the market for plant-based food,with plant-based burgers(PBB)being the most pop...Increasing consumer awareness of health and climate is being reflected in their dietary choices.This is reflected in the strong growth in the market for plant-based food,with plant-based burgers(PBB)being the most popular meat alternative.PBB must be based on natural ingredients that increase nutritional value,improve technological properties,and create satisfying physical sensations.Fibers obtained from agri-food by-products can potentially meet all of these requirements.The dietary fiber concentrate(DFC)produced from the forced roots of Belgian endive(Cichorium intybus var.foliosum)(by-product)has shown potential for application in PBB.Replacing soy protein with 5%and 10%of DFC from Belgian endive(DFC-BE)resulted in lower caloric value and sugar content and doubled dietary fiber concentration in the end product,enough to justify a“high fiber”nutrition claim(>6 g per 100 g).Baking properties such as baking yield,moisture retention,and dimeter reduction also improved.Application of DFC-BE can also be used to regulate pH,color,texture profile,and sensory attributes.Individual recipes must be adjusted to obtain the required results.展开更多
The effect of the vertical pipe length on the performance of a coal pipe splitter with a perpendicularly arranged upstream elbow was investigated experimentally employing a fiber optic measuring system. The upstream e...The effect of the vertical pipe length on the performance of a coal pipe splitter with a perpendicularly arranged upstream elbow was investigated experimentally employing a fiber optic measuring system. The upstream elbow and coal pipe splitter were installed in two perpendicular planes. Contours of dis- tributions of the particle concentration and size were obtained in different transverse sections. The experimental data show that the maximum/minimum concentration ratio in transverse sections A, B, and C decreased rapidly as the length of the vertical pipe increased. The left/right-leg average concentration ratio remained about 1, and a balanced split was thus achieved. With a perpendicularly arranged upstream elbow, the vertical pipe length had little effect on the splitter performance, which is beneficial for engineering design and convenient for industrial application.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771277, 30771279)
文摘Nitrogen（N） fertilizer experiments were conducted to investigate the optimal subtending leaf N concentration for fiber strength,and its relationship with activities of key enzymes（sucrose synthase and β-1,3-glucanase） and contents of key constituents（sucrose and β-1,3-glucan） involved in fiber strength development in the lower,middle and upper fruiting branches of two cotton cultivars（Kemian 1 and NuCOTN 33B）.For each sampling day,we simulated changes in fiber strength,activity of sucrose synthase and β-1,3-glucanase and levels of sucrose and β-1,3-glucan in response to leaf N concentration using quadratic eqs.;the optimal subtending leaf N concentrations were deduced from the eqs.For the same fruiting branch,changes in the optimal leaf N concentration based on fiber development（DPA） could be simulated by power functions.From these functions,the average optimal subtending leaf N concentrations during fiber development for the cultivar,Kemian 1,were 2.84% in the lower fruiting branches,3.15% in the middle fruiting branches and 3.04% in the upper fruiting branches.For the cultivar,NuCOTN 33B,the optimum concentrations were 3.04,3.28 and 3.18% in the lower,middle and upper fruiting branches,respectively.This quantification may be used as a monitoring index for evaluating fiber strength and its related key enzymes and constituents during fiber formation at the lower,middle and upper fruiting branches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11504434)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No.2020JJ4935)。
文摘The cholesterol solution concentration sensing characteristics based on tilted fiber Bragg grating(TFBG) are investigated by means of theoretical analysis and experiments. We prepare two groups of cholesterol solutions with the same concentration range and different refractive index ranges. The sensitivity of the two groups of solutions was 11.83 pm·m L/mg and 124.79 pm·m L/mg, respectively. The results show that the sensitivity of cholesterol solution can be improved by adjusting the refractive index range. This conclusion is valuable for measuring the concentration of fat-soluble solution.
文摘We report a high power and widely tunable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser using 1480nm pump and high concentration EDF. Large tuning range up to 105nm (1513-1618 nm) has been obtained by optimizing of the EDF length.
文摘We designed and evaluated a fluoride-based high concentration erbium/ cerium co-doped fiber amplifier. It is suitable for Metropolitan Area Networks due to faster transient, flatter (unfiltered) gain, smaller footprint and gain excursion than its silica-based counterpart.
文摘A high-flux circulating fluidized bed （CFB） riser （0.076-m I.D. and 10-m high） was operated in a wide range of operating conditions to study its chaotic dynamics, using FCC catalyst particles （dp= 67μm, ρp = 1500 kg·m^-3）. Local solids concentration fluctuations measured using a reflective-type fiber optic probe were processed to determine chaotic invariants （Kolmogorov entropy and correlation dimension）, Radial and axial profiles of the chaotic invariants at different operating conditions show that the core region exhibits higher values of the chaotic invariants than the wall region. Both invariants vary strongly with local mean solids concentration. The transition section of the riser exhibits more complex dynamics while the bottom and top sections exhibit a more uniform macroscopic and less-complex microscopic flow structure. Increasing gas velocity leads to more complex and less predictable solids concentration fluctuations, while increasing solids flux generally lowers complexity and increases predictability. Very high solids flux, however, was observed to increase the entropy.
基金the CichOpt project which is funded in the frame of the ERA-NET FACCE SURPLUS,FACCE SURPLUS has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 652615 and VLAIO,the Flemish agency for innovation and entrepreneurship.
文摘Increasing consumer awareness of health and climate is being reflected in their dietary choices.This is reflected in the strong growth in the market for plant-based food,with plant-based burgers(PBB)being the most popular meat alternative.PBB must be based on natural ingredients that increase nutritional value,improve technological properties,and create satisfying physical sensations.Fibers obtained from agri-food by-products can potentially meet all of these requirements.The dietary fiber concentrate(DFC)produced from the forced roots of Belgian endive(Cichorium intybus var.foliosum)(by-product)has shown potential for application in PBB.Replacing soy protein with 5%and 10%of DFC from Belgian endive(DFC-BE)resulted in lower caloric value and sugar content and doubled dietary fiber concentration in the end product,enough to justify a“high fiber”nutrition claim(>6 g per 100 g).Baking properties such as baking yield,moisture retention,and dimeter reduction also improved.Application of DFC-BE can also be used to regulate pH,color,texture profile,and sensory attributes.Individual recipes must be adjusted to obtain the required results.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （51476137） and the National Basic Research Program of China （2015CB251501 ）.
文摘The effect of the vertical pipe length on the performance of a coal pipe splitter with a perpendicularly arranged upstream elbow was investigated experimentally employing a fiber optic measuring system. The upstream elbow and coal pipe splitter were installed in two perpendicular planes. Contours of dis- tributions of the particle concentration and size were obtained in different transverse sections. The experimental data show that the maximum/minimum concentration ratio in transverse sections A, B, and C decreased rapidly as the length of the vertical pipe increased. The left/right-leg average concentration ratio remained about 1, and a balanced split was thus achieved. With a perpendicularly arranged upstream elbow, the vertical pipe length had little effect on the splitter performance, which is beneficial for engineering design and convenient for industrial application.
