The utilization of aquaculture wastewater as irrigation is an effective way to recycle and reuse water and nitrogen fertilizer resources because it contains numerous nutrients.However,it is still unclear that the patt...The utilization of aquaculture wastewater as irrigation is an effective way to recycle and reuse water and nitrogen fertilizer resources because it contains numerous nutrients.However,it is still unclear that the pattern of substituting aquaculture wastewater irrigation for fertilizer supplementing is conducive to improving the soil nitrogen status,fruit yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency for tomato production.In this context,the experiment was intended to establish the appropriate irrigation regime of aquaculture wastewater in tomato production for freshwater replacement and fertilizer reduction to ensure good yields.Pot experiments were conducted with treatments as farmers accustomed to irrigation and fertilization used as control(CK),1.75 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer(W1),2 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer;and 2.25 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer(W3).We examined the effects of aquaculture wastewater irrigation on soil nitrogen distribution,Nrelated hydrolases,tomato yield,and economic benefits.The results showed that the control treatment had the highest N input,about 24.68%higher than the W3 treatment,while the yield was only about 7.81%higher than W3.This indicated that the overuse of chemical fertilizer was present in the current tomato production.Although the reduction of fertilizer in aquaculture wastewater irrigation caused a decrease in tomato production,this economic loss can be compensated by cost savings in the wastewater disposal.Among aquaculture wastewater treatments,the W3 treatment had the highest overall benefit,achieving 62.63%freshwater savings,37.50%fertilizer input reduction,and an economic return of approximately 19,466 Yuan per hectare higher than the control.Additionally,increasing the irrigation volume of aquaculture wastewater could provide more available nutrients to the soil,which were more prevalent in the form of organic nitrogen.The lower soil nitrate reductase activities(NR)under aquaculture wastewater treatments after harvesting also proved that this pattern was beneficial to reduce soil nitrate nitrogen residues.Overall,the results demonstrate that aquaculture wastewater irrigation alleviates the soil nitrate residues,improves nutrient availability,and results in more economic returns with water and fertilizer conservation for the greenhouse production of tomatoes.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to research effects of N fertilizer reduction and application of N fertilizer(as base fertilizer)on rapeseed yield and N absorption.[Method]Based on Ganyouza No.5,the ratio of N,P2O5 andK2O was ...[Objective]The aim was to research effects of N fertilizer reduction and application of N fertilizer(as base fertilizer)on rapeseed yield and N absorption.[Method]Based on Ganyouza No.5,the ratio of N,P2O5 andK2O was set at 1:0.5:0.5;N fertilizers were set involving reduced quantity at 150 kg/hm2 and preferred quantity at 180 kg/hm2;100%,80%and 60%of N fertilizers were applied as base fertilizers in the test respectively.In general,field tests were conducted to explore effects of reduced N fertilizer and application of N fertilizer as base fertilizer on rapeseed yield and N absorption.[Resalt]When applied N fertilizer as base fertilizer was the same,plant height,stem diameter,length of major inflorescence,number of effective branch,pod number per plant,seed number per pod,and biomass yield in group with preferred N quantity were significantly higher than those in group with reduced N fertilizer.Rapeseed yield and profits in group with preferred N quantity were signifi-cantly higher than those in group with reduced N fertilizer in field with moderate fertili-ty.In fields with higher fertility,however,the two factors were just a little higher.In group with reduced N fertilizer,use efficiency of N fertilizer,N uptake efficiency,par-tial factor productivity and harvest index of N were all significantly higher than those in group with preferred N fertilizer.Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in group with preferred N fertilizer was significantly higher than that in group with reduced N fertiliz-er in field with moderate fertility and was significantly lower in field with high yield.With amounts of N,P and K fertilizers fixed,economic characters,yield constitution,yield,profits and N absorption in group,where 60%of N fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer,were significantly higher than those in groups with 80%or 100%of base fertilizer(N fertilizers).These indicated that rational fertilization would maintain rapeseed yield high and reduce N input to improve use efficiency of N fertilizer.On the other hand,it is effective to improve rapeseed yield.'to reduce N fertilizer to 150 kg/hm2,and application of 60%.of N fertilizers as base fertilizer is still proved optimal at present.[Conclusion]The research provides.theoretioal and technical references for improvement of yield of rapeseed and efficiency of N fertilizer.展开更多
The harmless treatment of livestock and poultry reduces the risk of water and soil pollution caused by untreated discard of sick and dead livestock.Chemical fertilizer increases crop yield,while its over-application w...The harmless treatment of livestock and poultry reduces the risk of water and soil pollution caused by untreated discard of sick and dead livestock.Chemical fertilizer increases crop yield,while its over-application will lead to serious problems such as agricultural non-point source pollution as well as land acidification and soil compaction.It is of great significance to explore the utilization potential of bio-organic matter originating from harmless treatment of livestock to improve the soil environment and enhance agricultural productivity.This study investigated the effects of different application rates of bio-organic matter(0,1285,1928,2571 kg/hm^(2))and biochar addition(0,10000 kg/hm^(2))on soil properties and crop yield under 20%reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer.The results indicated that the application of bio-organic matter combined with biochar improved soil physical structure under fertilizer reduction by decreasing soil bulk density and increasing soil porosity and soil aggregate stability.Compared to that under CK,the soil bulk density was reduced by 1.42%-6.38%,and the soil porosity was increased by 1.17%-7.05%.Compared to conventional fertilization,applying bio-organic matter(1928 kg/hm^(2))ensured sufficient soil nutrients for crop growth under 20%of fertilizer reduction.The soil fertility was further boosted by the addition of biochar.The alkaline nitrogen content peaked under BM3 with 42.08 mg/kg,and the total nitrogen content and soil organic matter content reached their peak values under NM4 treatment,which were 0.97 g/kg and 21.23 g/kg,respectively.The higher the amount of bio-organic matter applied,the higher the grain yield and crop water productivity.The yield gained with bio-organic matter application alone at the rate of 2571 kg/hm^(2)under fertilizer reduction(NM4)was 7504 kg/hm^(2),which can reach equal yield level with CK,while medium to high addition of bio-organic matter combining biochar(BM3 and BM4 treatments)produced higher grain yield than that under CK.The correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between total nitrogen and maize yield and between soil organic matter and maize yield.Overall,under 20%fertilizer reduction,applying bio-organic matter at the rate of 1928 kg/hm^(2)and combining biochar at the rate of 10000 kg/hm^(2)would be an economical plan to enhance soil physicochemical properties and ensure stable maize yield,and would also supply a scientific way to reuse bio-organic matter originating from harmless treatment of livestock carcasses.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the migration and distribution law of soil available nutrients in soil layer under moistube irrigation and screen out suitable fertilization modes for facility cucumber p...[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the migration and distribution law of soil available nutrients in soil layer under moistube irrigation and screen out suitable fertilization modes for facility cucumber planting.[Methods]The experiment adopted the moistube irrigation mode and randomized block design.Seven treatments were set up as following:inorganic fertilizer(T 1),medium-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 2),high-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 3),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+low-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 4),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+medium-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 5),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+high-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 6)and no fertilizer control(CK).Nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil and fruit yield and quality were determined.[Results]Under the moistube irrigation mode,the application of soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of available nutrients in the 0-40 cm soil layer available for cucumber utilization,and promote the absorption of available nutrients by cucumber plants.It reduced the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium in the soil layer of 40-60 cm,but had no significant effect on the content of available phosphorus in the soil layer of 40-60 cm.Compared with the CK treatment,the cucumber yield,vitamin C content,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of treatment T 6 increased by 69.27%,29.68%,55.91%and 32.5%,respectively.Compared with treatment T 3(high-concentration inorganic fertilizer),treatment T 6 showed no significant difference in yield,but its nitrate content decreased by 15.97%.Soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could be well combined with moistube irrigation,which could not only achieve high yield,but also reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by fertilization,thus achieving the purpose of saving water and fertilizers and protecting the ecological environment.Considering the yield and quality of cucumber fruit,treatment T 6 was a more suitable fertilization model for cucumber planting in moistube irrigation facilities.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the popularization of moistube irrigation techniques and efficient utilization of fertilizers.展开更多
In order to reduce the non-point source pollution caused by the large or excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,this study was aimed to develop new alternative functional substances.The effects o...In order to reduce the non-point source pollution caused by the large or excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,this study was aimed to develop new alternative functional substances.The effects of different concentrations of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate on seed germination and tomato seedling growth were studied by germination test of cucumber and tomato seeds and pot experiment of tomato seedlings.The results showed that the optimum concentration of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate could promote the germination and growth of tomato and cucumber seeds.Among them,0.02 mg/L of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate is the optimum concentration for tomato and cucumber seed germination.When the concentration is 0.1 mg/L,it is the optimum concentration for radicle and hypocotyl growth.In the pot experiment,when the optimum concentration of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate on tomato seedlings was 0.5 mg/L,the plant height,stem diameter,aboveground biomass,underground biomass and leaf area of tomato seedlings could be significantly promoted.At the same time,the absorption of the main elements P,K,Mg and trace elements Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and Na and their transfer from the underground part to the aboveground part of the seedlings were enhanced.The relative expression of the tomato expansion protein genes leEXP2,leEXP18 and leEXP5 was also significantly increased.Therefore,the suitable concentration of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate has the effect of promoting root growth and promoting the quality of tomato seedlings.展开更多
Behavior of phosphorus(P) in flooded rice soil is controlled by iron(Fe) redox cycling in root-zone. In this study, we applied a novel approach—the diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) technique—for investigating ...Behavior of phosphorus(P) in flooded rice soil is controlled by iron(Fe) redox cycling in root-zone. In this study, we applied a novel approach—the diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) technique—for investigating the in-situ distribution of labile phosphorus(P) and Fe in close proximity to Asian rice(Oryza sativa L.) roots at submillimeter to millimeter spatial resolutions during the seedling and booting stages. We conducted a seven-year field experiment under rice-wheat rotation with different P fertilizer treatments. The results showed a significant and strong positive relationship of the average DGT-labile P concentration with soil Olsen P(R2= 0.77, P < 0.01) and with rice total P concentration(R^(2)= 0.62, P < 0.05). Furthermore, results on one-and two-dimensional changes of DGT-labile P indicated that fertilization only in the wheat season produced sufficient amounts of labile P in the flooded paddy soils, similar to when fertilizer was applied only in the rice season;dissolved P concentrations, however, were lower. A co-occurrence and significant positive correlation(P < 0.01) between DGT-labile P and Fe indicated Fe-coupled mobilization of P in flooded paddy soils. These results collectively indicated that the DGT technique provided information on in-situ distribution of labile P and its variability in close proximity to rice roots. This suggests that the DGT technique can improve our understanding of in-situ and high-resolution labile P processes in paddy soils and can provide useful information for optimizing P fertilization.展开更多
基金supported by the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Program (No.2022S097)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.2019B17914,B210206006).
文摘The utilization of aquaculture wastewater as irrigation is an effective way to recycle and reuse water and nitrogen fertilizer resources because it contains numerous nutrients.However,it is still unclear that the pattern of substituting aquaculture wastewater irrigation for fertilizer supplementing is conducive to improving the soil nitrogen status,fruit yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency for tomato production.In this context,the experiment was intended to establish the appropriate irrigation regime of aquaculture wastewater in tomato production for freshwater replacement and fertilizer reduction to ensure good yields.Pot experiments were conducted with treatments as farmers accustomed to irrigation and fertilization used as control(CK),1.75 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer(W1),2 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer;and 2.25 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer(W3).We examined the effects of aquaculture wastewater irrigation on soil nitrogen distribution,Nrelated hydrolases,tomato yield,and economic benefits.The results showed that the control treatment had the highest N input,about 24.68%higher than the W3 treatment,while the yield was only about 7.81%higher than W3.This indicated that the overuse of chemical fertilizer was present in the current tomato production.Although the reduction of fertilizer in aquaculture wastewater irrigation caused a decrease in tomato production,this economic loss can be compensated by cost savings in the wastewater disposal.Among aquaculture wastewater treatments,the W3 treatment had the highest overall benefit,achieving 62.63%freshwater savings,37.50%fertilizer input reduction,and an economic return of approximately 19,466 Yuan per hectare higher than the control.Additionally,increasing the irrigation volume of aquaculture wastewater could provide more available nutrients to the soil,which were more prevalent in the form of organic nitrogen.The lower soil nitrate reductase activities(NR)under aquaculture wastewater treatments after harvesting also proved that this pattern was beneficial to reduce soil nitrate nitrogen residues.Overall,the results demonstrate that aquaculture wastewater irrigation alleviates the soil nitrate residues,improves nutrient availability,and results in more economic returns with water and fertilizer conservation for the greenhouse production of tomatoes.
基金Supported by China Modern Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)Jiangxi Technological Innovation Team(20115BCB29020)Innovation Funds of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2011CJJ012)
文摘[Objective]The aim was to research effects of N fertilizer reduction and application of N fertilizer(as base fertilizer)on rapeseed yield and N absorption.[Method]Based on Ganyouza No.5,the ratio of N,P2O5 andK2O was set at 1:0.5:0.5;N fertilizers were set involving reduced quantity at 150 kg/hm2 and preferred quantity at 180 kg/hm2;100%,80%and 60%of N fertilizers were applied as base fertilizers in the test respectively.In general,field tests were conducted to explore effects of reduced N fertilizer and application of N fertilizer as base fertilizer on rapeseed yield and N absorption.[Resalt]When applied N fertilizer as base fertilizer was the same,plant height,stem diameter,length of major inflorescence,number of effective branch,pod number per plant,seed number per pod,and biomass yield in group with preferred N quantity were significantly higher than those in group with reduced N fertilizer.Rapeseed yield and profits in group with preferred N quantity were signifi-cantly higher than those in group with reduced N fertilizer in field with moderate fertili-ty.In fields with higher fertility,however,the two factors were just a little higher.In group with reduced N fertilizer,use efficiency of N fertilizer,N uptake efficiency,par-tial factor productivity and harvest index of N were all significantly higher than those in group with preferred N fertilizer.Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in group with preferred N fertilizer was significantly higher than that in group with reduced N fertiliz-er in field with moderate fertility and was significantly lower in field with high yield.With amounts of N,P and K fertilizers fixed,economic characters,yield constitution,yield,profits and N absorption in group,where 60%of N fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer,were significantly higher than those in groups with 80%or 100%of base fertilizer(N fertilizers).These indicated that rational fertilization would maintain rapeseed yield high and reduce N input to improve use efficiency of N fertilizer.On the other hand,it is effective to improve rapeseed yield.'to reduce N fertilizer to 150 kg/hm2,and application of 60%.of N fertilizers as base fertilizer is still proved optimal at present.[Conclusion]The research provides.theoretioal and technical references for improvement of yield of rapeseed and efficiency of N fertilizer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51609209)the Key Laboratory Program of the Shangqiu Station of National Field Agro-ecosystem(Grant No.SQZ-2023-01).
文摘The harmless treatment of livestock and poultry reduces the risk of water and soil pollution caused by untreated discard of sick and dead livestock.Chemical fertilizer increases crop yield,while its over-application will lead to serious problems such as agricultural non-point source pollution as well as land acidification and soil compaction.It is of great significance to explore the utilization potential of bio-organic matter originating from harmless treatment of livestock to improve the soil environment and enhance agricultural productivity.This study investigated the effects of different application rates of bio-organic matter(0,1285,1928,2571 kg/hm^(2))and biochar addition(0,10000 kg/hm^(2))on soil properties and crop yield under 20%reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer.The results indicated that the application of bio-organic matter combined with biochar improved soil physical structure under fertilizer reduction by decreasing soil bulk density and increasing soil porosity and soil aggregate stability.Compared to that under CK,the soil bulk density was reduced by 1.42%-6.38%,and the soil porosity was increased by 1.17%-7.05%.Compared to conventional fertilization,applying bio-organic matter(1928 kg/hm^(2))ensured sufficient soil nutrients for crop growth under 20%of fertilizer reduction.The soil fertility was further boosted by the addition of biochar.The alkaline nitrogen content peaked under BM3 with 42.08 mg/kg,and the total nitrogen content and soil organic matter content reached their peak values under NM4 treatment,which were 0.97 g/kg and 21.23 g/kg,respectively.The higher the amount of bio-organic matter applied,the higher the grain yield and crop water productivity.The yield gained with bio-organic matter application alone at the rate of 2571 kg/hm^(2)under fertilizer reduction(NM4)was 7504 kg/hm^(2),which can reach equal yield level with CK,while medium to high addition of bio-organic matter combining biochar(BM3 and BM4 treatments)produced higher grain yield than that under CK.The correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between total nitrogen and maize yield and between soil organic matter and maize yield.Overall,under 20%fertilizer reduction,applying bio-organic matter at the rate of 1928 kg/hm^(2)and combining biochar at the rate of 10000 kg/hm^(2)would be an economical plan to enhance soil physicochemical properties and ensure stable maize yield,and would also supply a scientific way to reuse bio-organic matter originating from harmless treatment of livestock carcasses.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(202302140601009).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the migration and distribution law of soil available nutrients in soil layer under moistube irrigation and screen out suitable fertilization modes for facility cucumber planting.[Methods]The experiment adopted the moistube irrigation mode and randomized block design.Seven treatments were set up as following:inorganic fertilizer(T 1),medium-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 2),high-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 3),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+low-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 4),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+medium-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 5),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+high-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 6)and no fertilizer control(CK).Nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil and fruit yield and quality were determined.[Results]Under the moistube irrigation mode,the application of soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of available nutrients in the 0-40 cm soil layer available for cucumber utilization,and promote the absorption of available nutrients by cucumber plants.It reduced the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium in the soil layer of 40-60 cm,but had no significant effect on the content of available phosphorus in the soil layer of 40-60 cm.Compared with the CK treatment,the cucumber yield,vitamin C content,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of treatment T 6 increased by 69.27%,29.68%,55.91%and 32.5%,respectively.Compared with treatment T 3(high-concentration inorganic fertilizer),treatment T 6 showed no significant difference in yield,but its nitrate content decreased by 15.97%.Soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could be well combined with moistube irrigation,which could not only achieve high yield,but also reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by fertilization,thus achieving the purpose of saving water and fertilizers and protecting the ecological environment.Considering the yield and quality of cucumber fruit,treatment T 6 was a more suitable fertilization model for cucumber planting in moistube irrigation facilities.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the popularization of moistube irrigation techniques and efficient utilization of fertilizers.
基金This work was supported by the“13th Five-Year Plan”National Key Research and Development Project.The authors wish to thank Chen Qin,Hu Lin and Cui Jianyu for helpful discussion and advice on the manuscript.
文摘In order to reduce the non-point source pollution caused by the large or excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,this study was aimed to develop new alternative functional substances.The effects of different concentrations of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate on seed germination and tomato seedling growth were studied by germination test of cucumber and tomato seeds and pot experiment of tomato seedlings.The results showed that the optimum concentration of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate could promote the germination and growth of tomato and cucumber seeds.Among them,0.02 mg/L of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate is the optimum concentration for tomato and cucumber seed germination.When the concentration is 0.1 mg/L,it is the optimum concentration for radicle and hypocotyl growth.In the pot experiment,when the optimum concentration of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate on tomato seedlings was 0.5 mg/L,the plant height,stem diameter,aboveground biomass,underground biomass and leaf area of tomato seedlings could be significantly promoted.At the same time,the absorption of the main elements P,K,Mg and trace elements Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and Na and their transfer from the underground part to the aboveground part of the seedlings were enhanced.The relative expression of the tomato expansion protein genes leEXP2,leEXP18 and leEXP5 was also significantly increased.Therefore,the suitable concentration of indolebutyric acid-lanthanum chelate has the effect of promoting root growth and promoting the quality of tomato seedlings.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFD0200206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41671304)the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (No. 2015CB150403)。
文摘Behavior of phosphorus(P) in flooded rice soil is controlled by iron(Fe) redox cycling in root-zone. In this study, we applied a novel approach—the diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) technique—for investigating the in-situ distribution of labile phosphorus(P) and Fe in close proximity to Asian rice(Oryza sativa L.) roots at submillimeter to millimeter spatial resolutions during the seedling and booting stages. We conducted a seven-year field experiment under rice-wheat rotation with different P fertilizer treatments. The results showed a significant and strong positive relationship of the average DGT-labile P concentration with soil Olsen P(R2= 0.77, P < 0.01) and with rice total P concentration(R^(2)= 0.62, P < 0.05). Furthermore, results on one-and two-dimensional changes of DGT-labile P indicated that fertilization only in the wheat season produced sufficient amounts of labile P in the flooded paddy soils, similar to when fertilizer was applied only in the rice season;dissolved P concentrations, however, were lower. A co-occurrence and significant positive correlation(P < 0.01) between DGT-labile P and Fe indicated Fe-coupled mobilization of P in flooded paddy soils. These results collectively indicated that the DGT technique provided information on in-situ distribution of labile P and its variability in close proximity to rice roots. This suggests that the DGT technique can improve our understanding of in-situ and high-resolution labile P processes in paddy soils and can provide useful information for optimizing P fertilization.
