Different ratios of NPK were adopted in this research to study its effects on the objective traits of 2 early forage-rice varieties, and to obtain the optimum ratio to further improve the application technique in theo...Different ratios of NPK were adopted in this research to study its effects on the objective traits of 2 early forage-rice varieties, and to obtain the optimum ratio to further improve the application technique in theory. At the same time, the possibility of increasing yield and protein content in the grain through cultivation technique was also studied. The conclusions were：展开更多
The advent of civilization has made humans dependent on plants for food and medicine,leading to the intensification of agricultural production.The intense cultivation of crops has resulted in the depletion of availabl...The advent of civilization has made humans dependent on plants for food and medicine,leading to the intensification of agricultural production.The intense cultivation of crops has resulted in the depletion of available nutrients from soil,thereby demanding the application of excess nutrients to soil to improve yield.Thus,mineral fertilizer discovery and application have,in many ways,contributed greatly to meeting global food demands.However,aside from the positive effects of mineral fertilizers,their excessive application to soil produces large amounts of pollutants that affect environmental sustainability.This necessitates the study of the major mineral fertilizer elements(nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)),the forms in which they are applied to soil,and their chemistry/reactions in soil.Here,we reviewed the forms of different N,P,and K mineral fertilizers to provide current knowledge on their constituents,the chemistry of N,P,and K in soil to understand the reactions they undertake in soil,the efficient methods of fertilizer application for environmental sustainability,the effects of mineral fertilizer loss to the environment,and improved fertilization technologies for environmental sustainability.Nanofertilizers are a promising technology for sustainable agricultural production and are discussed in detail in this review.展开更多
Rice (Oryza sativa) is becoming a staplefood in many regions of DR-Congo. However, its production is still limited to the North Eastern part of the country and grain yield is low. A study was carried out in the city o...Rice (Oryza sativa) is becoming a staplefood in many regions of DR-Congo. However, its production is still limited to the North Eastern part of the country and grain yield is low. A study was carried out in the city of Mbujimayi located in the Central part of the DR-Congo to assess the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on morpho-agronomic characteristics of O. sativa. The trial was conducted during the 2021 agricultural season A using a completely randomized design with three replicates. The six treatments studied consisted of application of T. diversifolia biomass at a dose of 2 kg/4m2 (BFT − 2 kg), 4 kg/4 m2 (BFT − 4 kg), inorganic fertilizer consisting with NPK17-17-17 + Urea (46% N) at a combined dose of 80 g/4 m2 (NP), 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 2 kg + NP) and finally 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP). The untreated plots were used as controls. Plants treated with 1/2 combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg, and NP showed similar height (100.93 cm, 99.03 cm, and 98.63 cm, respectively) that were significantly higher than control and other treatments [1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg] For agronomic characteristics, days to 50% flowering varied between 73.00 and 74 days with an average of 74 days. The control and BFT – 4 kg showed significantly shorter panicles compared to other treatments. For yield components, 1/2 (BFT – 4 kg + NP) and the NP treatments generated a higher weight of 1000 grains. For yield per hectare, 1/2 (BFT − 4 kg + NP) induced significantly different levels of production than the control and other treatments, including 1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg, BFT – 4 kg. The correlation coefficients between agronomic traits revealed that with the exception of the length of particle and the abortion rates, all the yield components (panicles per plant, seeds per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and grail yield per plot) were strongly correlated with grain yield per hectare.展开更多
Using phosphorus(P)fertilizers has historically increased agricultural productivity,yet the highly dissipative nature of phosphate rock and the low effciency due to soil fxation and runoff raise sustainability concern...Using phosphorus(P)fertilizers has historically increased agricultural productivity,yet the highly dissipative nature of phosphate rock and the low effciency due to soil fxation and runoff raise sustainability concerns.Algae fertilizers have emerged as a promising eco-friendly alternative.However,the potential of algae fertilizers for providing sustained P availability and their impacts on plant growth,soil microbes,and nutrient cycling remains to be explored.In this study,we developed a polyphosphate-enriched algae fertilizer(PEA)and conducted comparative experiments with chemical P fertilizers(CP)through soil and solution cultures,as well as crop growth trials.Soil cultivation experiments showed that PEA released twice as much labile P as initially available in the soil,and it functioned as a slow-release P source.In contrast,soils treated with CP initially exhibited high levels of labile P,which was gradually converted to stable forms,but it dropped to 30%of the labile P level in PEA after three months.Further tests revealed that the slow release of P from PEA was linked to increased microbial activity,and the microbial biomass P(MBP)content was about eight times higher than in soils treated with CP after three months,resulting in a 75%decline in the microbial biomass carbon(MBC)to MBP ratio.Microbial diversity analysis showed that algae fertilizers could recruit more benefcial microbes than CP,like phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria,plant growth-promoting bacteria,and stress-resistant bacteria.Crop pot experiments,along with amplicon and metagenomic analysis of tomato root-associated microbes,revealed that algae fertilizers including PEA promoted plant growth comparable to CP,and enhanced soil P cycling and overall nutrient dynamics.These data showed that algae fertilizers,especially PEA,can stabilize soil P fertility and stimulate plant growth through their slow P release and the recruitment of benefcial microbes.Our study highlights the potential of PEA to foster sustainable agriculture by mitigating the P scarcity and soil P loss associated with chemical fertilizers and improving plant growth and soil health.展开更多
This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in...This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Western Cameroon (Baboutcha-Fongam). The study was conducted during two consecutive years, using a completely randomized block design of 8 treatments repeated three times in each subblock. The sub-plots were enriched with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g corresponding to the treatment of EM and IMO respectively and 3.2 g of NPK in 2019. Subsequently, the best dose that resulted in excellent yields was repeated for the rest of the experiment in 2020. The yield parameters and nutritional value of the two varieties of Arachis hypogaea used in the two consecutive years increase with the contribution of the different doses compared to the control. Overall, a significant increase (p A. hypogaea plants fertilized with EM 20 g (2.15 ± 0.24 and 2.01 ± 0.23 t/ha) and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g (2.36 ± 0.65 and 2.04 ± 0.17 t/ha) was not significant. On the other hand, there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between plants fertilized with IMO 10 g (2.65 ± 0.17 and 2.24 ± 0.2 t/ha) and plants fertilized with EM 20 g and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g for both varieties during the two years combined. In addition to being local and therefore adapted to environmental conditions, IMOs could be a promising biological means for improving soil fertility in Cameroon.展开更多
[Objective] The effects of different application amounts of nitrogen, phos-phate and potassium fertilizers on soft rot of konjac were investigated in this study. [Method] The grey correlation analysis was adopted to e...[Objective] The effects of different application amounts of nitrogen, phos-phate and potassium fertilizers on soft rot of konjac were investigated in this study. [Method] The grey correlation analysis was adopted to evaluate the correlation be-tween the application amount of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers and the occurrence of soft rot of konjac. [Result] The excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer would induce the occurrence of soft rot of konjac, but the application of potassium fertilizer had a good control effect on soft rot. [Conclusion] The applica-tion amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be control ed reasonably in the planting of konjac, but the application amount of phosphate and potassium fertilizer could be in-creased to some extent, reducing the occurrence of soft rot of konjac.展开更多
Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulc...Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau region.Incorporating slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop productivity.Combining these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid areas.However,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SOCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research attention.Therefore,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental benefits.The results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,PM-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,PM-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,PM-S increased SOCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while PM-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of PM-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.展开更多
In order to develop organic rice and increase paddy soil fertility by cloverorganic rice rotation, the effects of N, P and K fertilizers on growth of clover nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and soil fertility after plantation...In order to develop organic rice and increase paddy soil fertility by cloverorganic rice rotation, the effects of N, P and K fertilizers on growth of clover nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and soil fertility after plantation were investigated, thereby providing certain reference for reasonable cultivation of clover and improvement of soil fertility. A two-year experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2013. The clover was cultivated after rice every year, and different levels of N, P and K fertilizers were applied before winter. In the treatment group, no fertilizer was applied. The effects of different fertilizers and different application amounts on clover yield, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia quantity, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia weight and soil fertility after plantation were analyzed. The results showed that the application of N, P and K fertilizers in the early stage had significantly effect on the growth of clover. When the application amount of N fertilizer was 75 kg/hm^2（N 46%）, the clover yield, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia quantity and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia weight were highest. The soil nitrogen content after plantation increased with the increase of the application amount of N fertilizer, while the P and K content decreased and then increased with the increased application amounts. Soil available P content increased with the increased application amounts of N and P fertilizers, but it did not change significantly with the increased application amount of K fertilizer. Soil available K content increased first and then decreased with the increased application amounts of N and P fertilizers.When the application amounts of N and P fertilizers were 150（N 46%） and 300（P_2O_5 12%） kg/hm^2, soil available K content reached the maximum. Soil organic matter content increased with the increased application amounts of N, P and K fertilizers. Therefore, in the cultivation of clover, appropriate application of N, P and K fertilizers in the early stage can improve clover yield and soil fertility.展开更多
Both soil organic carbon (SOC) and iron (Fe) oxide content, among other factors, drive the formation and stability of soil aggregates.However, the mechanism of these drivers in greenhouse soil fertilized with organic ...Both soil organic carbon (SOC) and iron (Fe) oxide content, among other factors, drive the formation and stability of soil aggregates.However, the mechanism of these drivers in greenhouse soil fertilized with organic fertilizer is not well understood.In a 3-year field experiment, we aimed to investigate the factors which drive the stability of soil aggregates in greenhouse soil.To explore the impact of organic fertilizer on soil aggregates, we established four treatments:no fertilization (CK);inorganic fertilizer (CF);organic fertilizer (OF);and combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers(COF).The application of organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the stability of aggregates, that is it enhanced the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and aggregate content (%) of>0.25 mm aggregate fractions.OF and COF treatments increased the concentration of SOC, especially the aliphatic-C, aromatic-C and polysaccharide-C components of SOC, particularly in>0.25 mm aggregates.Organic fertilizer application significantly increased the content of free Fe(Fed), reactive Fe (Feo), and non-crystalline Fe in both bulk soil and aggregates.Furthermore, non-crystalline Fe showed a positive correlation with SOC content in both bulk soil and aggregates.Both non-crystalline Fe and SOC were significantly positively correlated with>2 mm mean weight diameter.Overall, we believe that the increase of SOC, aromatic-C, and non-crystal ine Fe concentrations in soil after the application of organic fertilizer is the reason for improving soil aggregate stability.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)poses a global challenge to the environment and human health due to its natural association with heavy metals.Sustainable use of P is crucial to ensure food security for future generations.An analysis of ...Phosphorus(P)poses a global challenge to the environment and human health due to its natural association with heavy metals.Sustainable use of P is crucial to ensure food security for future generations.An analysis of the 150 phosphate fertilizers stored at the Institute for Crop and Soil Science in Germany has been conducted,supplemented by previously published data.The elements Cd,Bi,U,Cr,Zn,Tl,As,B,Sb,Ni,and Se are found in higher concentrations in sedimentary derived phosphates compared to igneous derived phosphates.Mineral fertilizers contain more than ten times the amount of U,Cd,B,and As compared to farmyard manure.Principal component analyses(PCA)indicate that U,Cd,Be,and Cr are primarily present in sedimentary derived phosphates and their concentrations are 2 to 10 times higher than those in igneous derived phosphates.Regarding heavy metal contamination,over 1000 potential combinations were identified;36% of these were significant but weak(>0.1).It is estimated that approximately 707 t of uranium enter farmland annually through the application of mineral phosphate fertilizers in European countries.This contribution addresses environmental issues related to the utilization of rock phosphate as well as alternative production methods for cleaner and safer phosphate fertilizers while presenting a roadmap with measures for mitigation.展开更多
The application of organic fertilizers has become an increasingly popular practice in maize production to reduce thegaseous nitrogen(N) loss and soil degradation caused by inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer pla...The application of organic fertilizers has become an increasingly popular practice in maize production to reduce thegaseous nitrogen(N) loss and soil degradation caused by inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer plays a key rolein improving soil quality and stabilizing maize yields, but few studies have compared different substitution rates. Afield study was carried out in 2021 and 2022, based on a long-term trial initiated in 2016, which included five organicfertilizer N substitution rates with equal inputs of 200 kg N ha^(–1): 0% organic fertilizer(T1, 100% inorganic fertilizer),50.0% organic+50.0% inorganic fertilizer(T2), 37.5% organic+62.5% inorganic fertilizer(T3), 25.0% organic+75.0%inorganic fertilizer(T4), and 12.5% organic+87.5% inorganic fertilizer(T5), as well as a no fertilizer control(T6). Theresults of the two years showed that T3 and T1 had the highest grain yield and biomass, respectively, and there wasno significant difference between T1 and T3. Compared with T1, the 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0% substitution rates in T5, T4, T3, and T2 significantly reduced total nitrogen losses(NH_(3), N_(2)O) by 8.3, 16.1, 18.7, and 27.0%, respectively.Nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) was higher in T5, T3, and T1, and there were no significant differences among them.Organic fertilizer substitution directly reduced NH_(3)volatilization and N_(2)O emission from farmland by lowering theammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N contents and by increasing soil moisture. These substitution treatmentsreduced N_(2)O emissions indirectly by regulating the abundances of AOB and nirK-harboring genes by promotingsoil moisture. Specifically, the 37.5% organic fertilizer substitution reduces NH_(3)volatilization and N_(2)O emission from farmland by reducing the ammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N contents and increasing moisture, which negatively regulate the abundance of AOB and nir K-harboring genes to reduce N_(2)O emissions indirectly in rainfed maize fields on the Loess Plateau of China.展开更多
Slow/controlled release fertilizers （SRFs/CRFs） have been paid more at- tentions by the researchersin recent years. In this paper, the application effects and methods, types, current problem and development prospect...Slow/controlled release fertilizers （SRFs/CRFs） have been paid more at- tentions by the researchersin recent years. In this paper, the application effects and methods, types, current problem and development prospect of SRFs/CRFsboth at home and abroad were reviewed. The production principles and processes of urea- formaldehyde slow release fertilizers were introduced; and It is suggested that the urea-formaldehyde slow release fertilizers show great development to ease energy and environment pressure.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to select the optimal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and provide theoretical references for controlled-release fertilizers use in summer maize. [Method] Long-term controlled-release fe...[Objective] The aim was to select the optimal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and provide theoretical references for controlled-release fertilizers use in summer maize. [Method] Long-term controlled-release fertilizers were applied once at sowing summer maize to explore effects on maize growth, yield, economic profits and environment. [Result] Maize yield reduced a little in the treatment group with 60% CRF, and increased in varying degrees in the rest groups in the range of 1.1%-7.4%, and some showed significant differences. [Conclusion] Controlled-release fertilizers can be applied once at the amount of 80% common fertilizer＇s, with con- sideration of maize yield, nitrogen use rate and economic profits, which is beneficial for summer maize application and promotion in North China.展开更多
The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigat...The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigates greenhouse gas emissions but also enhances the organic matter content in soil,thereby supporting the advancement of sustainable agriculture.Currently,the principal fertilizer production technologies utilizing solid waste resources encompass hydrothermal fertilizer production,aerobic fermentation,wrapping fertilizer production,micro-storage fertilizer production,and biochemical rapid decomposition.This paper examines the applicability and limitations of these technologies in practical contexts,and anticipates their developmental trends and future prospects.It aims to offer practical guidance and constructive support for the resource utilization of solid waste and the sustainable development of related industries.展开更多
Citrus is an important commercial crop in Uganda, especially the Eastern region. However, in spite of the increasing regional demand, citrus productivity is still low, attributed to pest and diseases, soil moisture st...Citrus is an important commercial crop in Uganda, especially the Eastern region. However, in spite of the increasing regional demand, citrus productivity is still low, attributed to pest and diseases, soil moisture stress, and low soil fertility, among others. Efforts to improve soil fertility are limited by inadequate supply of organic fertilizers due to competing demands. In addition, there is inadequate information on inorganic fertilizer requirements for citrus production in Uganda. The objective of this study was to develop optimum fertilizer recommendations for citrus production for Eastern Uganda. The study was conducted in Teso region, Eastern Uganda. Fertilizer (NPK, 17:17:17) was randomly applied to Hamlin, Valencia and Washington varieties with fertilizer and variety factorially arranged for each farm and citrus age range, replicated three times. Fertilizer rates were 0, 139, 278 and 556 kg NPK/ha for the 4 - 7-year old trees, and 0, 278, 556 and 1111 kg NPK/ha for the mature (8 years and above) trees. For a given variety, each fertilizer rate was applied onto three representative trees per farmer, six farmers per district. Results showed that yields and net profits were highest for variety Hamlin, and nearly the same for varieties Washington and Valencia. Fertilizer application increased fruit yield and profits for both the 4 to 7-year and 8 and above-year-old trees, with highest yield and profitability values observed at 556 kg NPK/ha. These results suggest applying 556 kg NPK/ha to citrus per year as an optimum fertilizer rate for citrus production in Teso region. The fertilizer should be applied in smaller splits of 800, 600, and 600 grams per tree, applied in April, June, and August.展开更多
Currently,research on the co-application of straw charcoal and organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure remains limited,despite their demonstrated benefits in enhancing soil fertility and improving pl...Currently,research on the co-application of straw charcoal and organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure remains limited,despite their demonstrated benefits in enhancing soil fertility and improving plant physiological traits.To investigate the effects of straw charcoal on paddy soil,an experiment was conducted in fields with stable soil properties characterized by clay loam texture in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,China,using the rice cultivar Nanjing 5055.展开更多
Nitrogen fertilizer is an important agronomic measure significantly affecting crop yield and grain quality.This twoyear study aimed to explore the effects of four nitrogen levels on the morphology,lamellar and crystal...Nitrogen fertilizer is an important agronomic measure significantly affecting crop yield and grain quality.This twoyear study aimed to explore the effects of four nitrogen levels on the morphology,lamellar and crystalline structure,pasting,and rheological properties of proso millet(PM)starch and to investigate potential food applications of PM.The results showed that the starch surface became uneven,and the structure of the starch granules shifted towards greater complexity with increasing nitrogen levels.Nitrogen increased the relative crystallinity,ordered structure,and average repeat distance,leading to a stable starch structure and a higher gelatinization enthalpy.Furthermore,nitrogen significantly increased peak,breakdown,setback,and final viscosities but decreased apparent amylose content,which caused the shear resistance and storage capacity of PM starch-based foods to deteriorate during processing and transport.Rheological analysis showed that PM starch exhibited the typical characteristics of a pseudoplastic fluid.Under nitrogen treatment,PM starch gels showed high potential for application in 3D printing products due to high resistance to shear thinning,gel strength,and yield stress,presumably owing to the significantly higher G′than G′′,and the lower amylose content,which in turn promoted the formation of a stable network structure in water to immobilize more water.Our study provides a reference for applying PM starch in the food industry and for developing PM cropping-management programs to improve quality.展开更多
Synthetic fertilizers are widely used to address the urgent challenge of ensuring food supplies for a growing world population in the context of climate change. However, their industrial production and use in agricult...Synthetic fertilizers are widely used to address the urgent challenge of ensuring food supplies for a growing world population in the context of climate change. However, their industrial production and use in agriculture have a negative impact on the environment and consequently on human health. While chemical fertilizers may not have to be abandoned in agricultural production systems, limiting their use could help to make agriculture sustainable and resilient to climate change. In Senegal, the level of mineral fertilizers used in market gardening has become alarming in the Niayes area. As a result, microbial biotechnologies have been promoted for biofertilizer production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation. Rhizobial inoculums have thus been used to reduce the rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizers being applied in cropping systems. Several investigations in the laboratory, on experimental stations and in the field have shown a possibility of a significant reduction in the use of nitrogen fertilizers in common bean production. Conventional mineral fertilization use can be reduced from over 120 kg N/ha to 20 kg N/ha. This contributes both to a very significant reduction in the application rate with the same level of yield and to an improvement in the standard of living. In addition, the environmental impact of using chemical fertilizers can be mitigated. This study is a contribution to the promotion of biofertilizers adoption in agricultural systems.展开更多
The behaviour of nanofertilizers(NFs)in plant-soil systems can differ from that of conventional chemical fertilizers due to their peculiar chemical-physical properties.Their effectiveness is still poorly understood.In...The behaviour of nanofertilizers(NFs)in plant-soil systems can differ from that of conventional chemical fertilizers due to their peculiar chemical-physical properties.Their effectiveness is still poorly understood.In this study,we evaluated the P fertilization potential of a novel nanosized FePO4NF(FePNF)in a plant-soil microcosm in a pot experiment.The efficacies of FePNF and a conventional P fertilizer(triple superphosphate,TSP)in sustaining the growth of cucumber plants were evaluated.Plants were grown for 28 d on a P-deficient soil,and determinations were made of plant growth parameters,mineral nutrient concentrations in plant tissues,P availability in soil,activities of soil enzymes involved in C,N,P,and S mineralization,and soil microbial community structure.No significant differences were found in plant dry weight,leaf area,chlorophyll content,or root growth between the FePNF and TSP treatments.Conversely,P availability in soil and P concentration in plant tissues at the end of the plant growth period were significantly higher after TSP fertilization compared to FePNF fertilization,whereas no significant differences were observed for other nutrients.Among the measured soil enzyme activities,there were no significant differences in the activities of soil acid phosphatase,β-glucosidase,and arylsulfatase between the FePNF and TSP treatments,while soil alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in the TSP treatment than in the FePNF treatment and the protease activity was higher in the FePNF treatment than in the TSP treatment.The FePNF and TSP treatments showed significant differences in soil archaeal,bacterial,and fungal community structures,although the microbial community profiles generally clustered closer to each other in the two treatments.We concluded that FePNF can be an efficient alternative to the conventional P fertilizer TSP.展开更多
To improve the yield and quality of rice grown on saline-alkali soil,a meta-analysis combined with micro-district experimental studies was conducted in China to examine the impact of humic acidbased organic fertilizer...To improve the yield and quality of rice grown on saline-alkali soil,a meta-analysis combined with micro-district experimental studies was conducted in China to examine the impact of humic acidbased organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on rice yield and quality.This study employed a two-factor fully randomized experimental design,incorporating four levels of humic acid(F0,0.0 g/pot;F1,4.8 g/pot;F2,12.0 g/pot;and F3,19.2 g/pot)and three levels of chemical fertilizer(A1,full conventional dosage;A2,85% of conventional dosage;and A3,70% of conventional dosage).The meta-analysis revealed that the application of organic fertilizer(at a rate of 1500‒3000 kg/hm^(2))combined with chemical fertilizer had a significantly positive effect on the theoretical yield,tiller number,partial factor productivity,and SPAD value of rice.Temperature,organic fertilizer application,and chemical fertilizer levels were identified as critical factors affecting rice yield.The micro-experiments demonstrated that the application of humic acid organic fertilizer with treatment F3 significantly elevated the SPAD value at the full heading and grain filling stages.Increased panicle number and seed-setting rate were the main contributors to the rise in yield,with the F3 treatment yielding the highest overall.The effective leaf area,high-efficiency leaf area,and dry matter accumulation in rice treated with F3 were all higher compared with the F0 treatment.Our findings indicated that the addition of humic acid organic fertilizer can markedly improve the partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of rice.In conclusion,the application of F3 organic fertilizer combined with A3 chemical fertilizer(F3A3)significantly increased the yield of saline-alkali rice,which was 6.62% higher than that of the F0A1 treatment,thereby validating the meta-analysis outcomes.We propose that the combined use of humic acid organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can promote the growth of rice in saline-alkali soils.Consequently,these management practices provide a means to foster the green and healthy development of rice in saline-alkali regions across China.展开更多
文摘Different ratios of NPK were adopted in this research to study its effects on the objective traits of 2 early forage-rice varieties, and to obtain the optimum ratio to further improve the application technique in theory. At the same time, the possibility of increasing yield and protein content in the grain through cultivation technique was also studied. The conclusions were：
文摘The advent of civilization has made humans dependent on plants for food and medicine,leading to the intensification of agricultural production.The intense cultivation of crops has resulted in the depletion of available nutrients from soil,thereby demanding the application of excess nutrients to soil to improve yield.Thus,mineral fertilizer discovery and application have,in many ways,contributed greatly to meeting global food demands.However,aside from the positive effects of mineral fertilizers,their excessive application to soil produces large amounts of pollutants that affect environmental sustainability.This necessitates the study of the major mineral fertilizer elements(nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)),the forms in which they are applied to soil,and their chemistry/reactions in soil.Here,we reviewed the forms of different N,P,and K mineral fertilizers to provide current knowledge on their constituents,the chemistry of N,P,and K in soil to understand the reactions they undertake in soil,the efficient methods of fertilizer application for environmental sustainability,the effects of mineral fertilizer loss to the environment,and improved fertilization technologies for environmental sustainability.Nanofertilizers are a promising technology for sustainable agricultural production and are discussed in detail in this review.
文摘Rice (Oryza sativa) is becoming a staplefood in many regions of DR-Congo. However, its production is still limited to the North Eastern part of the country and grain yield is low. A study was carried out in the city of Mbujimayi located in the Central part of the DR-Congo to assess the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on morpho-agronomic characteristics of O. sativa. The trial was conducted during the 2021 agricultural season A using a completely randomized design with three replicates. The six treatments studied consisted of application of T. diversifolia biomass at a dose of 2 kg/4m2 (BFT − 2 kg), 4 kg/4 m2 (BFT − 4 kg), inorganic fertilizer consisting with NPK17-17-17 + Urea (46% N) at a combined dose of 80 g/4 m2 (NP), 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 2 kg + NP) and finally 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP). The untreated plots were used as controls. Plants treated with 1/2 combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg, and NP showed similar height (100.93 cm, 99.03 cm, and 98.63 cm, respectively) that were significantly higher than control and other treatments [1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg] For agronomic characteristics, days to 50% flowering varied between 73.00 and 74 days with an average of 74 days. The control and BFT – 4 kg showed significantly shorter panicles compared to other treatments. For yield components, 1/2 (BFT – 4 kg + NP) and the NP treatments generated a higher weight of 1000 grains. For yield per hectare, 1/2 (BFT − 4 kg + NP) induced significantly different levels of production than the control and other treatments, including 1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg, BFT – 4 kg. The correlation coefficients between agronomic traits revealed that with the exception of the length of particle and the abortion rates, all the yield components (panicles per plant, seeds per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and grail yield per plot) were strongly correlated with grain yield per hectare.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472823 and 32102478)+1 种基金the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-CSAL-202301)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693447,2021M693449 and 2022T150707)。
文摘Using phosphorus(P)fertilizers has historically increased agricultural productivity,yet the highly dissipative nature of phosphate rock and the low effciency due to soil fxation and runoff raise sustainability concerns.Algae fertilizers have emerged as a promising eco-friendly alternative.However,the potential of algae fertilizers for providing sustained P availability and their impacts on plant growth,soil microbes,and nutrient cycling remains to be explored.In this study,we developed a polyphosphate-enriched algae fertilizer(PEA)and conducted comparative experiments with chemical P fertilizers(CP)through soil and solution cultures,as well as crop growth trials.Soil cultivation experiments showed that PEA released twice as much labile P as initially available in the soil,and it functioned as a slow-release P source.In contrast,soils treated with CP initially exhibited high levels of labile P,which was gradually converted to stable forms,but it dropped to 30%of the labile P level in PEA after three months.Further tests revealed that the slow release of P from PEA was linked to increased microbial activity,and the microbial biomass P(MBP)content was about eight times higher than in soils treated with CP after three months,resulting in a 75%decline in the microbial biomass carbon(MBC)to MBP ratio.Microbial diversity analysis showed that algae fertilizers could recruit more benefcial microbes than CP,like phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria,plant growth-promoting bacteria,and stress-resistant bacteria.Crop pot experiments,along with amplicon and metagenomic analysis of tomato root-associated microbes,revealed that algae fertilizers including PEA promoted plant growth comparable to CP,and enhanced soil P cycling and overall nutrient dynamics.These data showed that algae fertilizers,especially PEA,can stabilize soil P fertility and stimulate plant growth through their slow P release and the recruitment of benefcial microbes.Our study highlights the potential of PEA to foster sustainable agriculture by mitigating the P scarcity and soil P loss associated with chemical fertilizers and improving plant growth and soil health.
文摘This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Western Cameroon (Baboutcha-Fongam). The study was conducted during two consecutive years, using a completely randomized block design of 8 treatments repeated three times in each subblock. The sub-plots were enriched with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g corresponding to the treatment of EM and IMO respectively and 3.2 g of NPK in 2019. Subsequently, the best dose that resulted in excellent yields was repeated for the rest of the experiment in 2020. The yield parameters and nutritional value of the two varieties of Arachis hypogaea used in the two consecutive years increase with the contribution of the different doses compared to the control. Overall, a significant increase (p A. hypogaea plants fertilized with EM 20 g (2.15 ± 0.24 and 2.01 ± 0.23 t/ha) and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g (2.36 ± 0.65 and 2.04 ± 0.17 t/ha) was not significant. On the other hand, there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between plants fertilized with IMO 10 g (2.65 ± 0.17 and 2.24 ± 0.2 t/ha) and plants fertilized with EM 20 g and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g for both varieties during the two years combined. In addition to being local and therefore adapted to environmental conditions, IMOs could be a promising biological means for improving soil fertility in Cameroon.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(2012C1402012Z024)~~
文摘[Objective] The effects of different application amounts of nitrogen, phos-phate and potassium fertilizers on soft rot of konjac were investigated in this study. [Method] The grey correlation analysis was adopted to evaluate the correlation be-tween the application amount of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers and the occurrence of soft rot of konjac. [Result] The excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer would induce the occurrence of soft rot of konjac, but the application of potassium fertilizer had a good control effect on soft rot. [Conclusion] The applica-tion amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be control ed reasonably in the planting of konjac, but the application amount of phosphate and potassium fertilizer could be in-creased to some extent, reducing the occurrence of soft rot of konjac.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071980)the Key Projects of Shaanxi Agricultural Collaborative Innovation and Extension Alliance(No.LMZD202201)+1 种基金the Key R&D Project in Shaanxi Province(No.2021LLRH-07)Shaanxi Natural Scientific Basic Research Program project(No.2022JQ-157).
文摘Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau region.Incorporating slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop productivity.Combining these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid areas.However,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SOCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research attention.Therefore,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental benefits.The results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,PM-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,PM-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,PM-S increased SOCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while PM-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of PM-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.
基金Science&Technology Specific Project for Enriching People and Strengthening County Economy(BN2015221)~~
文摘In order to develop organic rice and increase paddy soil fertility by cloverorganic rice rotation, the effects of N, P and K fertilizers on growth of clover nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and soil fertility after plantation were investigated, thereby providing certain reference for reasonable cultivation of clover and improvement of soil fertility. A two-year experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2013. The clover was cultivated after rice every year, and different levels of N, P and K fertilizers were applied before winter. In the treatment group, no fertilizer was applied. The effects of different fertilizers and different application amounts on clover yield, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia quantity, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia weight and soil fertility after plantation were analyzed. The results showed that the application of N, P and K fertilizers in the early stage had significantly effect on the growth of clover. When the application amount of N fertilizer was 75 kg/hm^2（N 46%）, the clover yield, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia quantity and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia weight were highest. The soil nitrogen content after plantation increased with the increase of the application amount of N fertilizer, while the P and K content decreased and then increased with the increased application amounts. Soil available P content increased with the increased application amounts of N and P fertilizers, but it did not change significantly with the increased application amount of K fertilizer. Soil available K content increased first and then decreased with the increased application amounts of N and P fertilizers.When the application amounts of N and P fertilizers were 150（N 46%） and 300（P_2O_5 12%） kg/hm^2, soil available K content reached the maximum. Soil organic matter content increased with the increased application amounts of N, P and K fertilizers. Therefore, in the cultivation of clover, appropriate application of N, P and K fertilizers in the early stage can improve clover yield and soil fertility.
基金supported by the Shenyang Municipal Science and Technology Project,China(23-409-2-03)the Liaoning Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project,China(Z20230183)the Liaoning Provincial Applied Basic Research Program,China(2022JH2/101300173).
文摘Both soil organic carbon (SOC) and iron (Fe) oxide content, among other factors, drive the formation and stability of soil aggregates.However, the mechanism of these drivers in greenhouse soil fertilized with organic fertilizer is not well understood.In a 3-year field experiment, we aimed to investigate the factors which drive the stability of soil aggregates in greenhouse soil.To explore the impact of organic fertilizer on soil aggregates, we established four treatments:no fertilization (CK);inorganic fertilizer (CF);organic fertilizer (OF);and combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers(COF).The application of organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the stability of aggregates, that is it enhanced the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and aggregate content (%) of>0.25 mm aggregate fractions.OF and COF treatments increased the concentration of SOC, especially the aliphatic-C, aromatic-C and polysaccharide-C components of SOC, particularly in>0.25 mm aggregates.Organic fertilizer application significantly increased the content of free Fe(Fed), reactive Fe (Feo), and non-crystalline Fe in both bulk soil and aggregates.Furthermore, non-crystalline Fe showed a positive correlation with SOC content in both bulk soil and aggregates.Both non-crystalline Fe and SOC were significantly positively correlated with>2 mm mean weight diameter.Overall, we believe that the increase of SOC, aromatic-C, and non-crystal ine Fe concentrations in soil after the application of organic fertilizer is the reason for improving soil aggregate stability.
基金funded by the Project of Yunnan Province’s Xingdian Talents Support Program(yfgrc202437)the Project of the International Cooperation Science Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42361144885).
文摘Phosphorus(P)poses a global challenge to the environment and human health due to its natural association with heavy metals.Sustainable use of P is crucial to ensure food security for future generations.An analysis of the 150 phosphate fertilizers stored at the Institute for Crop and Soil Science in Germany has been conducted,supplemented by previously published data.The elements Cd,Bi,U,Cr,Zn,Tl,As,B,Sb,Ni,and Se are found in higher concentrations in sedimentary derived phosphates compared to igneous derived phosphates.Mineral fertilizers contain more than ten times the amount of U,Cd,B,and As compared to farmyard manure.Principal component analyses(PCA)indicate that U,Cd,Be,and Cr are primarily present in sedimentary derived phosphates and their concentrations are 2 to 10 times higher than those in igneous derived phosphates.Regarding heavy metal contamination,over 1000 potential combinations were identified;36% of these were significant but weak(>0.1).It is estimated that approximately 707 t of uranium enter farmland annually through the application of mineral phosphate fertilizers in European countries.This contribution addresses environmental issues related to the utilization of rock phosphate as well as alternative production methods for cleaner and safer phosphate fertilizers while presenting a roadmap with measures for mitigation.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University,China (GSCS-2022-Z02)the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1900300)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32260549)the Innovation Group of Basic Research in Gansu Province, China (25JRRA807)the Major Special Research Projects in Gansu Province, China (22ZD6NA009)。
文摘The application of organic fertilizers has become an increasingly popular practice in maize production to reduce thegaseous nitrogen(N) loss and soil degradation caused by inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer plays a key rolein improving soil quality and stabilizing maize yields, but few studies have compared different substitution rates. Afield study was carried out in 2021 and 2022, based on a long-term trial initiated in 2016, which included five organicfertilizer N substitution rates with equal inputs of 200 kg N ha^(–1): 0% organic fertilizer(T1, 100% inorganic fertilizer),50.0% organic+50.0% inorganic fertilizer(T2), 37.5% organic+62.5% inorganic fertilizer(T3), 25.0% organic+75.0%inorganic fertilizer(T4), and 12.5% organic+87.5% inorganic fertilizer(T5), as well as a no fertilizer control(T6). Theresults of the two years showed that T3 and T1 had the highest grain yield and biomass, respectively, and there wasno significant difference between T1 and T3. Compared with T1, the 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0% substitution rates in T5, T4, T3, and T2 significantly reduced total nitrogen losses(NH_(3), N_(2)O) by 8.3, 16.1, 18.7, and 27.0%, respectively.Nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) was higher in T5, T3, and T1, and there were no significant differences among them.Organic fertilizer substitution directly reduced NH_(3)volatilization and N_(2)O emission from farmland by lowering theammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N contents and by increasing soil moisture. These substitution treatmentsreduced N_(2)O emissions indirectly by regulating the abundances of AOB and nirK-harboring genes by promotingsoil moisture. Specifically, the 37.5% organic fertilizer substitution reduces NH_(3)volatilization and N_(2)O emission from farmland by reducing the ammonium nitrogen and alkali-dissolved N contents and increasing moisture, which negatively regulate the abundance of AOB and nir K-harboring genes to reduce N_(2)O emissions indirectly in rainfed maize fields on the Loess Plateau of China.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Construction of National Tea Industry Technology System(CARS-23)Funding Project of Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center(2011-620-005-003-04)~~
文摘Slow/controlled release fertilizers （SRFs/CRFs） have been paid more at- tentions by the researchersin recent years. In this paper, the application effects and methods, types, current problem and development prospect of SRFs/CRFsboth at home and abroad were reviewed. The production principles and processes of urea- formaldehyde slow release fertilizers were introduced; and It is suggested that the urea-formaldehyde slow release fertilizers show great development to ease energy and environment pressure.
基金Supported by S&T Development Plan Program of Shandong Province(2014GNC113001)State Key Laboratory for Biology of Crops(2014KF11)S&T Development Plan Program of Tai'an City~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to select the optimal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and provide theoretical references for controlled-release fertilizers use in summer maize. [Method] Long-term controlled-release fertilizers were applied once at sowing summer maize to explore effects on maize growth, yield, economic profits and environment. [Result] Maize yield reduced a little in the treatment group with 60% CRF, and increased in varying degrees in the rest groups in the range of 1.1%-7.4%, and some showed significant differences. [Conclusion] Controlled-release fertilizers can be applied once at the amount of 80% common fertilizer＇s, with con- sideration of maize yield, nitrogen use rate and economic profits, which is beneficial for summer maize application and promotion in North China.
基金Supported by National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(X202510580088)Special Project for Promoting the Coordinated Development of Urban and Rural Areas and Regions by Introducing Scientific and Technological Achievements of Guangdong Province into Counties and Towns(2025B0202010051)Project of High-quality Development in Hundred Counties,Thousands Towns and Ten Thousand Villages of Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology:Key Dispatch Project for Rural Science and Technology Commissioners(KTP20240704).
文摘The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigates greenhouse gas emissions but also enhances the organic matter content in soil,thereby supporting the advancement of sustainable agriculture.Currently,the principal fertilizer production technologies utilizing solid waste resources encompass hydrothermal fertilizer production,aerobic fermentation,wrapping fertilizer production,micro-storage fertilizer production,and biochemical rapid decomposition.This paper examines the applicability and limitations of these technologies in practical contexts,and anticipates their developmental trends and future prospects.It aims to offer practical guidance and constructive support for the resource utilization of solid waste and the sustainable development of related industries.
文摘Citrus is an important commercial crop in Uganda, especially the Eastern region. However, in spite of the increasing regional demand, citrus productivity is still low, attributed to pest and diseases, soil moisture stress, and low soil fertility, among others. Efforts to improve soil fertility are limited by inadequate supply of organic fertilizers due to competing demands. In addition, there is inadequate information on inorganic fertilizer requirements for citrus production in Uganda. The objective of this study was to develop optimum fertilizer recommendations for citrus production for Eastern Uganda. The study was conducted in Teso region, Eastern Uganda. Fertilizer (NPK, 17:17:17) was randomly applied to Hamlin, Valencia and Washington varieties with fertilizer and variety factorially arranged for each farm and citrus age range, replicated three times. Fertilizer rates were 0, 139, 278 and 556 kg NPK/ha for the 4 - 7-year old trees, and 0, 278, 556 and 1111 kg NPK/ha for the mature (8 years and above) trees. For a given variety, each fertilizer rate was applied onto three representative trees per farmer, six farmers per district. Results showed that yields and net profits were highest for variety Hamlin, and nearly the same for varieties Washington and Valencia. Fertilizer application increased fruit yield and profits for both the 4 to 7-year and 8 and above-year-old trees, with highest yield and profitability values observed at 556 kg NPK/ha. These results suggest applying 556 kg NPK/ha to citrus per year as an optimum fertilizer rate for citrus production in Teso region. The fertilizer should be applied in smaller splits of 800, 600, and 600 grams per tree, applied in April, June, and August.
基金supported by the Special Funds for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BE2022425)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72473124),the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1500404)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Province Postgraduate Research Innovation Program(Grant No.KYCX24-3785)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China。
文摘Currently,research on the co-application of straw charcoal and organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure remains limited,despite their demonstrated benefits in enhancing soil fertility and improving plant physiological traits.To investigate the effects of straw charcoal on paddy soil,an experiment was conducted in fields with stable soil properties characterized by clay loam texture in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,China,using the rice cultivar Nanjing 5055.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foudation(CPSF)(GZC20241394)the Shaanxi Province Natural Science Basic Research Program-Youth Project,China(2025JCYBQN271)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371529)the Shaanxi Province“Two Chains”Integrated Crop Breeding Key Project,China(2021LLRH07)the Minor Grain Crops Research and Development System of Shaanxi Province,China(NYKJ-2021YL(XN)40)。
文摘Nitrogen fertilizer is an important agronomic measure significantly affecting crop yield and grain quality.This twoyear study aimed to explore the effects of four nitrogen levels on the morphology,lamellar and crystalline structure,pasting,and rheological properties of proso millet(PM)starch and to investigate potential food applications of PM.The results showed that the starch surface became uneven,and the structure of the starch granules shifted towards greater complexity with increasing nitrogen levels.Nitrogen increased the relative crystallinity,ordered structure,and average repeat distance,leading to a stable starch structure and a higher gelatinization enthalpy.Furthermore,nitrogen significantly increased peak,breakdown,setback,and final viscosities but decreased apparent amylose content,which caused the shear resistance and storage capacity of PM starch-based foods to deteriorate during processing and transport.Rheological analysis showed that PM starch exhibited the typical characteristics of a pseudoplastic fluid.Under nitrogen treatment,PM starch gels showed high potential for application in 3D printing products due to high resistance to shear thinning,gel strength,and yield stress,presumably owing to the significantly higher G′than G′′,and the lower amylose content,which in turn promoted the formation of a stable network structure in water to immobilize more water.Our study provides a reference for applying PM starch in the food industry and for developing PM cropping-management programs to improve quality.
文摘Synthetic fertilizers are widely used to address the urgent challenge of ensuring food supplies for a growing world population in the context of climate change. However, their industrial production and use in agriculture have a negative impact on the environment and consequently on human health. While chemical fertilizers may not have to be abandoned in agricultural production systems, limiting their use could help to make agriculture sustainable and resilient to climate change. In Senegal, the level of mineral fertilizers used in market gardening has become alarming in the Niayes area. As a result, microbial biotechnologies have been promoted for biofertilizer production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation. Rhizobial inoculums have thus been used to reduce the rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizers being applied in cropping systems. Several investigations in the laboratory, on experimental stations and in the field have shown a possibility of a significant reduction in the use of nitrogen fertilizers in common bean production. Conventional mineral fertilization use can be reduced from over 120 kg N/ha to 20 kg N/ha. This contributes both to a very significant reduction in the application rate with the same level of yield and to an improvement in the standard of living. In addition, the environmental impact of using chemical fertilizers can be mitigated. This study is a contribution to the promotion of biofertilizers adoption in agricultural systems.
基金supported by the Joint Project 2016 and the Joint Project 2019,developed by the University of Verona and Fabbrica Cooperativa Perfosfati Cerea,Italy。
文摘The behaviour of nanofertilizers(NFs)in plant-soil systems can differ from that of conventional chemical fertilizers due to their peculiar chemical-physical properties.Their effectiveness is still poorly understood.In this study,we evaluated the P fertilization potential of a novel nanosized FePO4NF(FePNF)in a plant-soil microcosm in a pot experiment.The efficacies of FePNF and a conventional P fertilizer(triple superphosphate,TSP)in sustaining the growth of cucumber plants were evaluated.Plants were grown for 28 d on a P-deficient soil,and determinations were made of plant growth parameters,mineral nutrient concentrations in plant tissues,P availability in soil,activities of soil enzymes involved in C,N,P,and S mineralization,and soil microbial community structure.No significant differences were found in plant dry weight,leaf area,chlorophyll content,or root growth between the FePNF and TSP treatments.Conversely,P availability in soil and P concentration in plant tissues at the end of the plant growth period were significantly higher after TSP fertilization compared to FePNF fertilization,whereas no significant differences were observed for other nutrients.Among the measured soil enzyme activities,there were no significant differences in the activities of soil acid phosphatase,β-glucosidase,and arylsulfatase between the FePNF and TSP treatments,while soil alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in the TSP treatment than in the FePNF treatment and the protease activity was higher in the FePNF treatment than in the TSP treatment.The FePNF and TSP treatments showed significant differences in soil archaeal,bacterial,and fungal community structures,although the microbial community profiles generally clustered closer to each other in the two treatments.We concluded that FePNF can be an efficient alternative to the conventional P fertilizer TSP.
基金supported by the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(Grant No.SCKJ-JYRC-2022-94)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28020203)+1 种基金Postgraduate Innovation Research Project of Hainan Province,China(Grant No.Qhyb2022-67)PhD Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(Grant No.HSPHDSRF-2023-12-008).
文摘To improve the yield and quality of rice grown on saline-alkali soil,a meta-analysis combined with micro-district experimental studies was conducted in China to examine the impact of humic acidbased organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on rice yield and quality.This study employed a two-factor fully randomized experimental design,incorporating four levels of humic acid(F0,0.0 g/pot;F1,4.8 g/pot;F2,12.0 g/pot;and F3,19.2 g/pot)and three levels of chemical fertilizer(A1,full conventional dosage;A2,85% of conventional dosage;and A3,70% of conventional dosage).The meta-analysis revealed that the application of organic fertilizer(at a rate of 1500‒3000 kg/hm^(2))combined with chemical fertilizer had a significantly positive effect on the theoretical yield,tiller number,partial factor productivity,and SPAD value of rice.Temperature,organic fertilizer application,and chemical fertilizer levels were identified as critical factors affecting rice yield.The micro-experiments demonstrated that the application of humic acid organic fertilizer with treatment F3 significantly elevated the SPAD value at the full heading and grain filling stages.Increased panicle number and seed-setting rate were the main contributors to the rise in yield,with the F3 treatment yielding the highest overall.The effective leaf area,high-efficiency leaf area,and dry matter accumulation in rice treated with F3 were all higher compared with the F0 treatment.Our findings indicated that the addition of humic acid organic fertilizer can markedly improve the partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of rice.In conclusion,the application of F3 organic fertilizer combined with A3 chemical fertilizer(F3A3)significantly increased the yield of saline-alkali rice,which was 6.62% higher than that of the F0A1 treatment,thereby validating the meta-analysis outcomes.We propose that the combined use of humic acid organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can promote the growth of rice in saline-alkali soils.Consequently,these management practices provide a means to foster the green and healthy development of rice in saline-alkali regions across China.
