To solve the problems of abnormal larger, abnormal lower or even negative of target yield and fertilizing amount recommended by part of non-typical fertilizer effect equations using agricultural experiments and statis...To solve the problems of abnormal larger, abnormal lower or even negative of target yield and fertilizing amount recommended by part of non-typical fertilizer effect equations using agricultural experiments and statistical analysis software,Yangzhou analyzer（2.2）, regression analysis of Excel, which objected to local actual production, the study adopted the principle and method of basic knowledge and the frequency of using probability theory, and carried out statistical analysis on the rape field fertilizer experiment data by frequency analysis method, the rape yield after optimizing fertilizing amount was 1 732.4 kg/hm^2, the ranges of N, P and K optimal combinations were： N=210.36-149.64 kg/hm^2,P2O5=81.89-58.11 kg/hm^2, K2O=81.89-58.11 kg/hm^2,which was consistent with local actual production. This study was based on frequency analysis, using weighted average method to determine the production combinations of different yield objectives, hereinto, the combinations with high yield, high frequency of occurrence（dependable crop） and fertilizer-saving were viewed as the optimizing production measures, and they had the merits of increasing fertilization decision-making information, reducing or avoiding the risk of small probability event. The results of this study can solve the problem of abnormal values fertilizing amount and target yield recommended by non-typical fertilizer effect function, which did not accord with local actual production, caused by Yangzhou analyzer（2.2）, regression analysis of Excel, and DPS statistical analysis software. For the fertilizer effect function equation established by regression analysis which did not reach significance level using variance analysis, whether the method can be adapted to for carrying out fertilization decision-making, recommending optimization combinations of N, P and K fertilizers and yield under optimized fertilizing amount should be further researched in future working practice.展开更多
Nitrogen（N） runoff from paddy fields serves as one of the main sources of water pollution. Our aim was to reduce N runoff from paddy fields by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi...Nitrogen（N） runoff from paddy fields serves as one of the main sources of water pollution. Our aim was to reduce N runoff from paddy fields by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）. In northeast China, Shuangcheng city in Heilongjiang province, a field experiment was conducted, using rice provided with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,and 100% of the local norm of fertilization（including N, phosphorus and potassium）, with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. The volume, concentrations of total N（TN）,dissolved N（DN） and particulate N（PN） of runoff water were measured. We found that the local norm of fertilization led to 18.9 kg/ha of N runoff during rice growing season, with DN accounting for 60%–70%. We also found that reduction in fertilization by 20% cut down TN runoff by 8.2% while AMF inoculation decreased N runoff at each fertilizer level and this effect was inhibited by high fertilization. The combination of inoculation with AMF and 80% of the local norm of fertilization was observed to reduce N runoff by 27.2%. Conclusively, we suggested that the contribution of AMF inoculation combined with decreasing fertilization should get more attention to slow down water eutrophication by reducing N runoff from paddy fields.展开更多
Multiple cropping has been popularized on morethan two thirds of the total area of paddy fields inSouth China.It demands more nutrients due tohigher cropping index.Therefore,how to keepmoderately higher yields of mult...Multiple cropping has been popularized on morethan two thirds of the total area of paddy fields inSouth China.It demands more nutrients due tohigher cropping index.Therefore,how to keepmoderately higher yields of multiple crops and to展开更多
Since the very beginning of plant science, sexual plant reproduction （SPR） has proved an attractive and enduring topic for generations of botanists. With the rapid development of modern technology, a significant acc...Since the very beginning of plant science, sexual plant reproduction （SPR） has proved an attractive and enduring topic for generations of botanists. With the rapid development of modern technology, a significant acceleration has occurred in our understanding on the developmental mechanisms of plant reproductive processes, particularly the evolution of double fertilisation, signalling in pollen tube orientation, molecular characterisation of plant gametes, maternal to zygotic transitions and parental gene involvement in early embryogenesis. This is reflected not only by several recent high-ranking research papers, but also by the frequent conferences and workshops on these topics. These include the 2008 XXth International Congress on SPR in Brasilia and ＂Frontiers in SPR Ⅲ＂ in Tucson, as well as ＂Cell- Cell Communication in Plant Reproduction＂ held in 2009 in Bath. The continuing efforts from around the world indicate that SPR is still a fertile and flourishing field, with great expectations for the coming decade.展开更多
Common bean root rot becomes serious in continuous cropping fields with over-application of chemical fertilizer.Through the standard field fertilization,the disease might be alleviated.This study aimed to investigate ...Common bean root rot becomes serious in continuous cropping fields with over-application of chemical fertilizer.Through the standard field fertilization,the disease might be alleviated.This study aimed to investigate the impacts of standard field fertilization practices on bean root rot severity and rhizosphere microbial community shifts under continuous cropping.From 2018 to 2021,beans were monocultured for eight cycles in field soil in the greenhouse at an average interval of 4 months.Root rot severity was assessed at each cycle,and rhizosphere microbial communities were analyzed at 1^(st),5^(th),and 7^(th) cycles using high-throughput sequencing approach.Bean root rot severity was found to keep increasing until the 5^(th) cycle and decreased sharply at the 7^(th) cycle.Corresponding to the disease aggravation and suppression,Fusarium exhibited the highest abundance at the 1^(st) cycle,followed by Plectosphaerella at the 5^(th) cycle,and Dactylonectria at the 7^(th) cycle.Pseudomonas showed the highest abundance in the rhizosphere soils at the 1^(st) and 7^(th) cropping cycles.Correlation analysis indicated that the soil microbes were closely related to disease severity as well as soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents.These findings suggest that continuous cropping of bean with standard field fertilization practices could create suppressive soil with reduced disease severity.This study revealed the microecological immune mechanism of continuous cropping of bean against root rot and provided cost-effective and highly efficient techniques for sustainable farming.展开更多
基金Supported by Fiscal Subsidy Project Fund of National Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization(Yun Cai Nong[2009]2045)~~
文摘To solve the problems of abnormal larger, abnormal lower or even negative of target yield and fertilizing amount recommended by part of non-typical fertilizer effect equations using agricultural experiments and statistical analysis software,Yangzhou analyzer（2.2）, regression analysis of Excel, which objected to local actual production, the study adopted the principle and method of basic knowledge and the frequency of using probability theory, and carried out statistical analysis on the rape field fertilizer experiment data by frequency analysis method, the rape yield after optimizing fertilizing amount was 1 732.4 kg/hm^2, the ranges of N, P and K optimal combinations were： N=210.36-149.64 kg/hm^2,P2O5=81.89-58.11 kg/hm^2, K2O=81.89-58.11 kg/hm^2,which was consistent with local actual production. This study was based on frequency analysis, using weighted average method to determine the production combinations of different yield objectives, hereinto, the combinations with high yield, high frequency of occurrence（dependable crop） and fertilizer-saving were viewed as the optimizing production measures, and they had the merits of increasing fertilization decision-making information, reducing or avoiding the risk of small probability event. The results of this study can solve the problem of abnormal values fertilizing amount and target yield recommended by non-typical fertilizer effect function, which did not accord with local actual production, caused by Yangzhou analyzer（2.2）, regression analysis of Excel, and DPS statistical analysis software. For the fertilizer effect function equation established by regression analysis which did not reach significance level using variance analysis, whether the method can be adapted to for carrying out fertilization decision-making, recommending optimization combinations of N, P and K fertilizers and yield under optimized fertilizing amount should be further researched in future working practice.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2012ZX07201003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31570505)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China (No. E201206)the State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology) (No. 2014TS05)
文摘Nitrogen（N） runoff from paddy fields serves as one of the main sources of water pollution. Our aim was to reduce N runoff from paddy fields by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）. In northeast China, Shuangcheng city in Heilongjiang province, a field experiment was conducted, using rice provided with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,and 100% of the local norm of fertilization（including N, phosphorus and potassium）, with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. The volume, concentrations of total N（TN）,dissolved N（DN） and particulate N（PN） of runoff water were measured. We found that the local norm of fertilization led to 18.9 kg/ha of N runoff during rice growing season, with DN accounting for 60%–70%. We also found that reduction in fertilization by 20% cut down TN runoff by 8.2% while AMF inoculation decreased N runoff at each fertilizer level and this effect was inhibited by high fertilization. The combination of inoculation with AMF and 80% of the local norm of fertilization was observed to reduce N runoff by 27.2%. Conclusively, we suggested that the contribution of AMF inoculation combined with decreasing fertilization should get more attention to slow down water eutrophication by reducing N runoff from paddy fields.
文摘Multiple cropping has been popularized on morethan two thirds of the total area of paddy fields inSouth China.It demands more nutrients due tohigher cropping index.Therefore,how to keepmoderately higher yields of multiple crops and to
文摘Since the very beginning of plant science, sexual plant reproduction （SPR） has proved an attractive and enduring topic for generations of botanists. With the rapid development of modern technology, a significant acceleration has occurred in our understanding on the developmental mechanisms of plant reproductive processes, particularly the evolution of double fertilisation, signalling in pollen tube orientation, molecular characterisation of plant gametes, maternal to zygotic transitions and parental gene involvement in early embryogenesis. This is reflected not only by several recent high-ranking research papers, but also by the frequent conferences and workshops on these topics. These include the 2008 XXth International Congress on SPR in Brasilia and ＂Frontiers in SPR Ⅲ＂ in Tucson, as well as ＂Cell- Cell Communication in Plant Reproduction＂ held in 2009 in Bath. The continuing efforts from around the world indicate that SPR is still a fertile and flourishing field, with great expectations for the coming decade.
基金supported by the Agriculture Research System of China(Grant No.CARS-23-C04)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFD1602400).
文摘Common bean root rot becomes serious in continuous cropping fields with over-application of chemical fertilizer.Through the standard field fertilization,the disease might be alleviated.This study aimed to investigate the impacts of standard field fertilization practices on bean root rot severity and rhizosphere microbial community shifts under continuous cropping.From 2018 to 2021,beans were monocultured for eight cycles in field soil in the greenhouse at an average interval of 4 months.Root rot severity was assessed at each cycle,and rhizosphere microbial communities were analyzed at 1^(st),5^(th),and 7^(th) cycles using high-throughput sequencing approach.Bean root rot severity was found to keep increasing until the 5^(th) cycle and decreased sharply at the 7^(th) cycle.Corresponding to the disease aggravation and suppression,Fusarium exhibited the highest abundance at the 1^(st) cycle,followed by Plectosphaerella at the 5^(th) cycle,and Dactylonectria at the 7^(th) cycle.Pseudomonas showed the highest abundance in the rhizosphere soils at the 1^(st) and 7^(th) cropping cycles.Correlation analysis indicated that the soil microbes were closely related to disease severity as well as soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents.These findings suggest that continuous cropping of bean with standard field fertilization practices could create suppressive soil with reduced disease severity.This study revealed the microecological immune mechanism of continuous cropping of bean against root rot and provided cost-effective and highly efficient techniques for sustainable farming.
