This study was designed to isolate endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus （growing in northeast China） to determine whether they can produce bioactive metabolites. Four strains of endophytic fungi （strains 16, 17, 23...This study was designed to isolate endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus （growing in northeast China） to determine whether they can produce bioactive metabolites. Four strains of endophytic fungi （strains 16, 17, 23 and 75） were successfully isolated from A. mongholicus using the surface disinfection method. According to ITS-rDNA sequences analysis, strains 16 and 75 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, and strains 17 and 23 were identified as Bionectria ochroleuca. We applied the Box-Behnken design （BBD） to optimize the liquid fermentation conditions and obtain the maximum cell dry weight （CDW） yield. Opti-mal parameters were obtained under the following experimental condi-tions：temperature of 28＆#176;C, potato dextrose agar （PDA） liquid medium of 80 mL and rotation speed of 150 rpm. The four isolated endophytic fungi did not produce astragalosides I-IV, flavonoids or polysaccharides. Iso-lation of additional species of endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus and determination of their capacity to produce biologically active substances are subjects in need of further research.展开更多
Gemlik olive was studied by a combined strategy consisting of physic-chemical, sensorial analyses and mathematical relationship among these parameters. Moisture contents of olive fruits decreased from 36.64% to 23.86%...Gemlik olive was studied by a combined strategy consisting of physic-chemical, sensorial analyses and mathematical relationship among these parameters. Moisture contents of olive fruits decreased from 36.64% to 23.86%, both salt concentration and firmness increased to 9.35 g NaCI/100 g and 51.6% respectively. Total phenols of olive fruits changed from 1714.5 mg GAE/kg to 451.4 mg GAE/kg and radical scavenging activity （DPPH %） decreased from 91.48% to 32.14% respectively. L＊, a＊ and b＊ values of Gemlik olives were decreased during fermentation. There was a close relationship among physicochemical parameters of Gemlik olives in mathematically. In order to model this mathematical relation, Vandermonde matrix based 3th degree polynomial equations was used because it gave best model fits for the data of physical and chemical parameters of olive fruits. On the other hand, according to the results of sensory evaluation, the attributes of saltness and crispiness were highly scored （7.21-7.34） but the sensory scores of astringency and bitterness were evaluated from 4.56 to 5.61 by participants. The physico-chemical characteristic changes during the fermentation of Gemlik olives subjected to dry salting method for producing table olives were modeled and suggested with the determined physico-chemical evaluation scores to future studies.展开更多
To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subseq...To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.展开更多
Greenhouse gas(GHG)production during ensiling not only causes the nutrient losses of silage but also promotes climate warming.However,there is little information on the production of GHG and strategies for mitigating ...Greenhouse gas(GHG)production during ensiling not only causes the nutrient losses of silage but also promotes climate warming.However,there is little information on the production of GHG and strategies for mitigating GHG emissions during ensiling.This work aimed to study the gas production characteristics and techniques for reducing gas emissions during ensiling.Oats and triticale,with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(LP)or corn meal(CM)addition,were ensiled.The cumulative gas volume rapidly increased and reached to the peak within the first 9 d of ensiling for both forage crops.The highest cumulative gas volume of triticale silage was twice as much as that of oats silage.Triticale silage produced lower carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration,higher methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)concentrations than oats silage within the 28 d of ensiling.Adding LP or CM significantly improved the fermentation quality and decreased the gas volume and GHG concentrations of 2 silages on d 56(except CH_(4)of triticale).At the early stage of ensiling,more Enterobacter,Lactococcus and Leuconostoc related to gas production were observed,and adding LP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of bacteria like Kosakonia,Pantoea,Enterobacter and Lactococcus positively correlated with gas volume,CO_(2)and N_(2)O concentrations.These results suggest that gas formation during ensiling mainly occurs in the first 9 d.Adding LP or CM can significantly improve the fermentation quality and decrease the gas volume.This would benefit to reducing GHG emissions in silage production.展开更多
Background There is a growing focus on using various plant-derived agricultural by-products to increase the benefits of pig farming,but these feedstuffs are fibrous in nature.This study investigated the relationship b...Background There is a growing focus on using various plant-derived agricultural by-products to increase the benefits of pig farming,but these feedstuffs are fibrous in nature.This study investigated the relationship between dietary fiber physicochemical properties and feedstuff fermentation characteristics and their effects on nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and gut microbiota in growing pigs.Methods Thirty-six growing barrows(47.2±1.5 kg)were randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments with 2 apparent viscosity levels and 3β-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios.In the experiment,nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,fecal microbial community,and production and absorption of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)of pigs were investigated.In vitro digestion and fermentation models were used to compare the fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs and ileal digesta in the pig’s hindgut.Results The production dynamics of SCFA and dry matter corrected gas production of different feedstuffs during in vitro fermentation were different and closely related to the physical properties and chemical structure of the fiber.In animal experiments,increasing the dietary apparent viscosity and theβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased the apparent ileal digestibility(AID),apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD),and hindgut digestibility of fiber components while decreasing the AID and ATTD of dry matter and organic matter(P<0.05).In addition,increasing dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased gas exchange,heat production,and protein oxidation,and decreased energy deposition(P<0.05).The dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucanto-arabinoxylan ratios had linear interaction effects on the digestible energy,metabolizable energy,retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE)of the diets(P<0.05).At the same time,the increase of dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased SCFA production and absorption(P<0.05).Increasing the dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria(P<0.05)and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.Furthermore,increasing the dietaryβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios led to a linear increase in SCFA production during the in vitro fermentation of ileal digesta(P<0.001).Finally,the prediction equations for RE and NE were established.Conclusion Dietary fiber physicochemical properties alter dietary fermentation patterns and regulate nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and pig gut microbiota composition and metabolites.展开更多
As a major contributor to methane production in agriculture,there is a need for a suitable methane inhibitor to reduce ruminant methane emissions and minimize the impact on the climate.This work aimed to explore the i...As a major contributor to methane production in agriculture,there is a need for a suitable methane inhibitor to reduce ruminant methane emissions and minimize the impact on the climate.This work aimed to explore the influence of cordycepin on rumen fermentation,gas production,microbiome and their metabolites.A total of 0.00,0.08,0.16,0.32,and 0.64 g L^(–1)cordycepin were added into fermentation bottles containing 2 g total mixed ration for in vitro ruminal fermentation,and then the gas produced and fermentation parameters were measured for each bottle.Samples from the 0 and 0.64 g L^(–1)cordycepin addition were selected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolome analysis.The result of this experiment indicated that the addition of cordycepin could linearly increase the concentration of total volatile fatty acid,ammonia nitrogen,the proportion of propionate,valerate,and isovalerate,and linearly reduce ruminal pH and methane,carbon dioxide,hydrogen and total gas production,as well as the methane proportion,carbon dioxide proportion and proportion of butyrate.In addition,there was a quadratic relationship between hydrogen and cordycepin addition.At the same time,the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum,Prevotella,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,NK4A214_group,Christensenellaceae_R_(7)_group,unclassified_F082,Veillonellaceae_UCG_001,Dasytricha,Ophryoscolex,Isotricha,unclassified_Eukaryota,Methanobrevibacter,and Piromyces decreased significantly after adding the maximum dose of cordycepin.In contrast,the relative abundance of Succinivibrio,unclassified_Succinivibrionaceae,Prevotellaceae_UCG_001,unclassified_Lachnospiraceae,Lachnospira,Succinivibrionaceae_UCG_002,Pseudobutyrivibrio,Entodinium,Polyplastron,unclassified_Methanomethylophilaceae,Methanosphaera,and Candidatus_Methanomethylophilus increased significantly.Metabolic pathways such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and purine metabolism and metabolites such as arachidonic acid,adenine,and 2′-deoxyguanosine were also affected by the addition of cordycepin.Based on this,we conclude that cordycepin is an effective methane emission inhibitor that can change the rumen metabolites and fermentation parameters by influencing the rumen microbiome,thus regulating rumen methane production.This experiment may provide a potential theoretical reference for developing Cordyceps byproduct or additives containing cordycepin as methane inhibitors.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probi...BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.展开更多
Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Her...Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Herein,metagenomics was coupled with the random forest technique to decipher the antibiotic resistance patterns of electrochemically treated EFR.Results showed that 95.75%of erythromycin could be removed in 2 hr.Electrolysis temporarily influenced EFRmicrobiota,where the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased,while those of Fusobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes decreased.A total of 505 antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)subtypes encoding resistance to 21 antibiotic types and 150 mobile genetic elements(MGEs),mainly including plasmid(72)and transposase(52)were assembled in EFR.Significant linear regression models were identified among microbial richness,ARG subtypes,and MGE numbers(r^(2)=0.50-0.81,p<0.001).Physicochemical factors of EFR(Total nitrogen,total organic carbon,protein,and humus)regulated ARG and MGE assembly(%IncMSE value=5.14-14.85).The core ARG,MGE,and microbe sets(93.08%-99.85%)successfully explained 89.71%-92.92%of total ARG and MGE abundances.Specifically,gene aph(3 )-I,transposase tnpA,and Mycolicibacterium were the primary drivers of the resistance dissemination system.This study also proposes efficient resistance mitigation measures,and provides recommendations for future management of antibiotic fermentation residue.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of tota...[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of total flavonoids from G.jasminoides was optimized,and the antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth were tested.[Results]The best strain for fermentation of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides was Bacillus subtilis.The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1:30,the inoculation amount was 2%,and the fermentation time was 24 h.Under these fermentation conditions,the content of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides reached 36.90 mg/g,which was 45.22%higher than that of the control group without microbial fermentation,and it had good DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability,and the inhibition ability of hyaluronidase after fermentation was also improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical reference for the comprehensive application of G.jasminoides.展开更多
Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased ...Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.展开更多
Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant prod...Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance.Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain(ADG).This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review,isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential.Results Parabacteroides distasonis,a strain closely associated with ADG,was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar(FAA)medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4.Wholegenome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P.distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,with the ability to produce propionate,acetate,and lactate.The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P.distasonis F4.An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen.Furthermore,an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves.Conclusions This study represents the first isolation of P.distasonis F4 from rumen,highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.展开更多
Whole wheat flour is a food raw material rich in macronutrients,but its application in baking industry is limited due to the existence of a large amount of insoluble dietary fiber in bran.In order to make full use of ...Whole wheat flour is a food raw material rich in macronutrients,but its application in baking industry is limited due to the existence of a large amount of insoluble dietary fiber in bran.In order to make full use of this resource,we first screened twelve cellulase-producing strains,and then extracted soluble dietary fiber(SDF)from whole wheat flour after fermentation with 3 strains of Aspergillus sp.and 2 strains of Bacillus sp.,respectively.The effects of different strains on nutritional characteristics,SDF yield,structure improvement,and antioxidant activity of whole wheat flour were compared.The results showed that fermentation of whole wheat significantly increased the yield of SDF,the content of nutritive active substances,and improved the physicochemical structure and antioxidant activity of SDF in vitro.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction and liquidity characteristics show that the fermentation to make whole wheat SDF has more porous microstructure and crystallinity of lower molecular weight.Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that there were differences in functional group types between soluble dietary fiber in control group(C-SDF)and soluble dietary fiber in the fermentation group(F-SDF).These changes together improved the hydration performance and antioxidant activity of whole wheat SDF,including water holding capacity,oil holding capacity,cholesterol adsorption,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)and hydroxyl radical scavenging,and lipase activity inhibition.Bacillus sp.SH and Aspergillus oryzae Y21 are ideal strains for fermentation of improved whole wheat,which has the potential of antioxidant properties while improving nutritional properties and food quality.展开更多
This study was performed to investigate the changes in microbial communities and metabolites during the long-term fermentation of commercially manufactured anchovy sauce.Samples of commercial anchovy sauce were collec...This study was performed to investigate the changes in microbial communities and metabolites during the long-term fermentation of commercially manufactured anchovy sauce.Samples of commercial anchovy sauce were collected from large-scale fermentation tanks with fermentation periods of up to 7.87 years.The complex bacterial community was simplified to two genera,Tetragenococcus and Halanaerobium,after approximately 0.55 years of fermentation.Although genera,such as Saccharomyces,Cladosporium,Candida,and Aspergillus,were relatively dominant,no clear pattern was identified in fungal community analysis.The longitudinal metabolite profile demonstrated that approximately half(55.8%)of the metabolites present in anchovy sauce were produced within a year of fermentation due to rapid fermentation.Despite the static microbial community,the contents of several metabolites including amino acids and biogenic amines changed continuously during the long-term fermentation of anchovy sauce.This study provides novel insights into the changes in microbiota and metabolites in fish sauce produced without any starter inoculation.展开更多
Fault diagnosis in industrial process is essential for ensuring production safety and efficiency.However,existing methods exhibit limited capability in recognizing hard samples and struggle to maintain consistency in ...Fault diagnosis in industrial process is essential for ensuring production safety and efficiency.However,existing methods exhibit limited capability in recognizing hard samples and struggle to maintain consistency in feature distributions across domains,resulting in suboptimal performance and robustness.Therefore,this paper proposes a fault diagnosis neural network for hard sample mining and domain adaptive(SmdaNet).First,the method uses deep belief networks(DBN)to build a diagnostic model.Hard samples are mined based on the loss values,dividing the data set into hard and easy samples.Second,elastic weight consolidation(EWC)is used to train the model on hard samples,effectively preventing information forgetting.Finally,the feature space domain adaptation is introduced to optimize the feature space by minimizing the Kullback–Leibler divergence of the feature distributions.Experimental results show that the proposed SmdaNet method outperforms existing approaches in terms of classification accuracy,robustness and interpretability on the penicillin simulation and Tennessee Eastman process datasets.展开更多
Inoculated fermentation enables rapid fermentation of aquatic products.No studies have been conducted on the lipid profiles of inoculated fermented golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus).In this study,a lipase-producing B...Inoculated fermentation enables rapid fermentation of aquatic products.No studies have been conducted on the lipid profiles of inoculated fermented golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus).In this study,a lipase-producing Bacillus subtilis with salt tolerance was screened from traditionally fermented golden pompano(TF)and used as a starter culture.Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed it carries 4 clustered regularly interspaced short vpalindromic repeats structures and 2 genes encoding triacylglycerol lipase.Untargeted lipidomics identified lipid molecules(833)in 6 major classes from B.subtilis SCSMX-2 fermented golden pompano(IF).A total of 28 lipid molecules were upregulated in IF,including phosphatidylcholines(PCs),triacylglycerols(TAGs),and lysophosphatidylcholine.B.subtilis supplementation enhanced the production of polyenyl PCs and mediumand long-chain TAGs.The IF rich in linoleic,docosahexaenoic acids(DHA),and eicosapentaenoic acid were primarily distributed in the sn-2 position of DHA,PC and phosphatidylethanolamine.This research revealed the lipid profiles of IF,providing theoretical basis for the application of B.subtilis in the fermented fish industry.展开更多
Objective:To improve the efficacy of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge(A.membranaceus,Huang Qi),and to further develop and utilize it,fermentation technology was applied to the stem and leaf of A.membranaceus to en...Objective:To improve the efficacy of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge(A.membranaceus,Huang Qi),and to further develop and utilize it,fermentation technology was applied to the stem and leaf of A.membranaceus to enhance its immune function.Methods:In this study,we fermented A.membranaceus stem and leaf(ASL)with probiotics and inves-tigated its immune function.Firstly,we screened suitable strains for ASL fermentation and optimized the fermentation process.Secondly,we determined the antioxidant capacity of fermented ASL and its effect on inflammation in mouse monocyte-macrophage cell.Finally,the immunocompromised mice were treated with fermented ASL to investigate the changes in their immune ability.Results:Among the 10 selected probiotics,Lactobacillus plantarum was the most suitable strain for ASL fermentation.After optimization of the fermentation process,the content of saponins in fermented ASL was significantly increased.The fermented ASL exhibited strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro.The in vivo immune efficacy improved by promoting the development of the spleen and thymus,as well as raising the immunoglobulin M,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β levels of in the serum.Conclusion:This study contributes to developing the non-medicinal parts of A.membranaceus,expands its medicinal resources,highlights the potential of fermentation technology to enhance these parts,and provides a reference for further development.Based on this approach,we can promote using non-me-dicinal parts of herbal medicines,minimize drug waste,and offer a reference for developing non-me-dicinal components in Chinese herbal medicines.展开更多
Fermented sour soup is a unique traditional sour food of the Miao and Dong ethnic groups in China.However,due to the commonly used traditional fermentation,the unstable fluctuation of microbial community often leads t...Fermented sour soup is a unique traditional sour food of the Miao and Dong ethnic groups in China.However,due to the commonly used traditional fermentation,the unstable fluctuation of microbial community often leads to some unpleasant inherent off-flavours in rice sour soup.In this study,the microbial composition and volatile flavour components of off-flavour and normal rice sour soup were examined by high-throughput sequencing and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Then,based on Pearson correlation coefficients,the correlations between fungi and bacteria and those between core microorganisms and key volatile flavour components were investigated.The dominant fungal genera included Candida,Dekkera,Pichia,Rhizopus,and Issatchenkia,whereas the dominant bacterial genera included Lactobacillus,Pectinatus,Bifidobacterium,Pseudomonas,and Acetobacter.Compared to normal rice sour soup,off-flavoured rice sour soup contained the significantly increased relative abundance of Candida and the significantly decreased relative abundance of Dkkera.In addition,80 volatile flavour compounds detected in off-flavoured rice sour soup,mainly including esters,acids,and alcohols,were different from those detected in normal rice sour soup.Especially,some substances were only detected in off-flavoured rice sour soup,such as 1-hexanol(68-207μg/kg),butyric acid(20-92μg/kg)and heptanoic acid(12-45μg/kg),which might be the main source of off-flavours.These results provide new ideas and strategies of removing or abating odour from fermented rice sour soup.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to elucidate the fermentation characteristics of different bacterial strains and identify the optimal fermentation strain,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development o...[Objectives]This study was conducted to elucidate the fermentation characteristics of different bacterial strains and identify the optimal fermentation strain,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional aloe beverages.[Methods]Using fresh juice from Aloe vera L.as the raw material,the proliferation characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum(LP),Lactobacillus reuteri(LR),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(LGG)and Pediococcus pentosaceus(PP)during fermentation were investigated.Changes in pH,total viable bacterial count,total sugars,acemannan(AC),total flavonoid content(TFC)and total phenol content(TPC),and their effects on antioxidant activity(DPPH,ABTS,FRAP)were measured before and after fermentation.[Results]Aloe juice served as an excellent growth substrate for all four lactic acid bacterial strains,with viable bacterial counts significantly increasing after fermentation.The LGG group achieved the highest viable count(12.82 lg CFU/ml),followed by the LP group(12.77 lg CFU/ml).All four strains significantly enhanced the total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of the aloe juice.The LP group demonstrated the most outstanding performance,achieving the highest increase in TPC,the smallest reduction in TFC(from 0.054 mg/ml to 0.019 mg/ml),and the strongest comprehensive antioxidant activity(DPPH scavenging rate:80.33%,ABTS scavenging rate:93.15%,FRAP value:0.167 mmol/L).Additionally,it also better preserved the functional component AC.[Conclusions]L.plantarum demonstrated optimal performance in enhancing the antioxidant activity and preserving nutritional components of aloe juice,making it an ideal strain for aloe juice fermentation.This study provides a foundation for developing functional aloe beverages.展开更多
Long-time fermentation has always been one of the reasons restricting the development of straw biological pulping.This study aimed to develop a novel straw pulp film with shortened solid-state fermentation time with l...Long-time fermentation has always been one of the reasons restricting the development of straw biological pulping.This study aimed to develop a novel straw pulp film with shortened solid-state fermentation time with less than 20%mass loss rate by bio-pulping synergistic treatment of straw fibers with deep eutectic solvent(DES)and Streptomyces rochei(S.rochei).Results illustrated that at 3%S.rochei concentration with 7-day fermentation,both cellulose and hemicellulose enzyme activities of the treated rice straw fiber reached peak values with a fiber mass loss rate of 17.01%.Microstructural morphology revealed that S.rochei colonization initiated on straw surfaces and progressively penetrated internal structures,resulting in surface loosening and distinct disruption of cell wall tissues within vascular bundles in transverse sections.The treated rice straw strip indicated a maximum tensile strength of 46.22 MPa for(Bacteria)BA 3%at day 7,attributed to optimized synergistic effects of microfibril angle(MFA)and cellulose/hemicellulose relative content ratio.The modified straw pulp film exhibited significant enhancement in the tensile index(44.9%increase),burst index(10.3%increase),and tear index(60%increase)compared to untreated groups.This work demonstrated the important role ofDES and S.rochei bio-pulping synergistic treatment in improving rice straw pulp performance,suggesting an eco-friendly,novel,and efficient biomass pretreatment technology for potential application prospects in sustainable agricultural mulching materials.展开更多
The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigat...The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigates greenhouse gas emissions but also enhances the organic matter content in soil,thereby supporting the advancement of sustainable agriculture.Currently,the principal fertilizer production technologies utilizing solid waste resources encompass hydrothermal fertilizer production,aerobic fermentation,wrapping fertilizer production,micro-storage fertilizer production,and biochemical rapid decomposition.This paper examines the applicability and limitations of these technologies in practical contexts,and anticipates their developmental trends and future prospects.It aims to offer practical guidance and constructive support for the resource utilization of solid waste and the sustainable development of related industries.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of State(Grant No.81274010)Heilongjiang province outstanding youth fund(Grant No.JC201101)Talent fund of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Talent Fund
文摘This study was designed to isolate endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus （growing in northeast China） to determine whether they can produce bioactive metabolites. Four strains of endophytic fungi （strains 16, 17, 23 and 75） were successfully isolated from A. mongholicus using the surface disinfection method. According to ITS-rDNA sequences analysis, strains 16 and 75 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, and strains 17 and 23 were identified as Bionectria ochroleuca. We applied the Box-Behnken design （BBD） to optimize the liquid fermentation conditions and obtain the maximum cell dry weight （CDW） yield. Opti-mal parameters were obtained under the following experimental condi-tions：temperature of 28＆#176;C, potato dextrose agar （PDA） liquid medium of 80 mL and rotation speed of 150 rpm. The four isolated endophytic fungi did not produce astragalosides I-IV, flavonoids or polysaccharides. Iso-lation of additional species of endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus and determination of their capacity to produce biologically active substances are subjects in need of further research.
文摘Gemlik olive was studied by a combined strategy consisting of physic-chemical, sensorial analyses and mathematical relationship among these parameters. Moisture contents of olive fruits decreased from 36.64% to 23.86%, both salt concentration and firmness increased to 9.35 g NaCI/100 g and 51.6% respectively. Total phenols of olive fruits changed from 1714.5 mg GAE/kg to 451.4 mg GAE/kg and radical scavenging activity （DPPH %） decreased from 91.48% to 32.14% respectively. L＊, a＊ and b＊ values of Gemlik olives were decreased during fermentation. There was a close relationship among physicochemical parameters of Gemlik olives in mathematically. In order to model this mathematical relation, Vandermonde matrix based 3th degree polynomial equations was used because it gave best model fits for the data of physical and chemical parameters of olive fruits. On the other hand, according to the results of sensory evaluation, the attributes of saltness and crispiness were highly scored （7.21-7.34） but the sensory scores of astringency and bitterness were evaluated from 4.56 to 5.61 by participants. The physico-chemical characteristic changes during the fermentation of Gemlik olives subjected to dry salting method for producing table olives were modeled and suggested with the determined physico-chemical evaluation scores to future studies.
文摘To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0111000-2)。
文摘Greenhouse gas(GHG)production during ensiling not only causes the nutrient losses of silage but also promotes climate warming.However,there is little information on the production of GHG and strategies for mitigating GHG emissions during ensiling.This work aimed to study the gas production characteristics and techniques for reducing gas emissions during ensiling.Oats and triticale,with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(LP)or corn meal(CM)addition,were ensiled.The cumulative gas volume rapidly increased and reached to the peak within the first 9 d of ensiling for both forage crops.The highest cumulative gas volume of triticale silage was twice as much as that of oats silage.Triticale silage produced lower carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration,higher methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)concentrations than oats silage within the 28 d of ensiling.Adding LP or CM significantly improved the fermentation quality and decreased the gas volume and GHG concentrations of 2 silages on d 56(except CH_(4)of triticale).At the early stage of ensiling,more Enterobacter,Lactococcus and Leuconostoc related to gas production were observed,and adding LP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of bacteria like Kosakonia,Pantoea,Enterobacter and Lactococcus positively correlated with gas volume,CO_(2)and N_(2)O concentrations.These results suggest that gas formation during ensiling mainly occurs in the first 9 d.Adding LP or CM can significantly improve the fermentation quality and decrease the gas volume.This would benefit to reducing GHG emissions in silage production.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2021YFD1300201)Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Innovation Platform and Talent Special Project(No.20230508090RC).
文摘Background There is a growing focus on using various plant-derived agricultural by-products to increase the benefits of pig farming,but these feedstuffs are fibrous in nature.This study investigated the relationship between dietary fiber physicochemical properties and feedstuff fermentation characteristics and their effects on nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and gut microbiota in growing pigs.Methods Thirty-six growing barrows(47.2±1.5 kg)were randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments with 2 apparent viscosity levels and 3β-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios.In the experiment,nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,fecal microbial community,and production and absorption of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)of pigs were investigated.In vitro digestion and fermentation models were used to compare the fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs and ileal digesta in the pig’s hindgut.Results The production dynamics of SCFA and dry matter corrected gas production of different feedstuffs during in vitro fermentation were different and closely related to the physical properties and chemical structure of the fiber.In animal experiments,increasing the dietary apparent viscosity and theβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased the apparent ileal digestibility(AID),apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD),and hindgut digestibility of fiber components while decreasing the AID and ATTD of dry matter and organic matter(P<0.05).In addition,increasing dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased gas exchange,heat production,and protein oxidation,and decreased energy deposition(P<0.05).The dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucanto-arabinoxylan ratios had linear interaction effects on the digestible energy,metabolizable energy,retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE)of the diets(P<0.05).At the same time,the increase of dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios both increased SCFA production and absorption(P<0.05).Increasing the dietary apparent viscosity andβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria(P<0.05)and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.Furthermore,increasing the dietaryβ-glucan-to-arabinoxylan ratios led to a linear increase in SCFA production during the in vitro fermentation of ileal digesta(P<0.001).Finally,the prediction equations for RE and NE were established.Conclusion Dietary fiber physicochemical properties alter dietary fermentation patterns and regulate nutrient utilization,energy metabolism,and pig gut microbiota composition and metabolites.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2000701)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(YQ2023C011)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province,China(Grant no.2022ZX01A24)the Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(LCGANE14)。
文摘As a major contributor to methane production in agriculture,there is a need for a suitable methane inhibitor to reduce ruminant methane emissions and minimize the impact on the climate.This work aimed to explore the influence of cordycepin on rumen fermentation,gas production,microbiome and their metabolites.A total of 0.00,0.08,0.16,0.32,and 0.64 g L^(–1)cordycepin were added into fermentation bottles containing 2 g total mixed ration for in vitro ruminal fermentation,and then the gas produced and fermentation parameters were measured for each bottle.Samples from the 0 and 0.64 g L^(–1)cordycepin addition were selected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolome analysis.The result of this experiment indicated that the addition of cordycepin could linearly increase the concentration of total volatile fatty acid,ammonia nitrogen,the proportion of propionate,valerate,and isovalerate,and linearly reduce ruminal pH and methane,carbon dioxide,hydrogen and total gas production,as well as the methane proportion,carbon dioxide proportion and proportion of butyrate.In addition,there was a quadratic relationship between hydrogen and cordycepin addition.At the same time,the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum,Prevotella,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,NK4A214_group,Christensenellaceae_R_(7)_group,unclassified_F082,Veillonellaceae_UCG_001,Dasytricha,Ophryoscolex,Isotricha,unclassified_Eukaryota,Methanobrevibacter,and Piromyces decreased significantly after adding the maximum dose of cordycepin.In contrast,the relative abundance of Succinivibrio,unclassified_Succinivibrionaceae,Prevotellaceae_UCG_001,unclassified_Lachnospiraceae,Lachnospira,Succinivibrionaceae_UCG_002,Pseudobutyrivibrio,Entodinium,Polyplastron,unclassified_Methanomethylophilaceae,Methanosphaera,and Candidatus_Methanomethylophilus increased significantly.Metabolic pathways such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and purine metabolism and metabolites such as arachidonic acid,adenine,and 2′-deoxyguanosine were also affected by the addition of cordycepin.Based on this,we conclude that cordycepin is an effective methane emission inhibitor that can change the rumen metabolites and fermentation parameters by influencing the rumen microbiome,thus regulating rumen methane production.This experiment may provide a potential theoretical reference for developing Cordyceps byproduct or additives containing cordycepin as methane inhibitors.
文摘BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
基金supported by the Special Project of Basic Scientific Research Business of Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes (No.2019YSKY-027).
文摘Erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)represents a typical hazardous waste produced by the microbial pharmaceutical industry.Although electrolysis is promising for EFR disposal,its microbial threats remain unclear.Herein,metagenomics was coupled with the random forest technique to decipher the antibiotic resistance patterns of electrochemically treated EFR.Results showed that 95.75%of erythromycin could be removed in 2 hr.Electrolysis temporarily influenced EFRmicrobiota,where the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased,while those of Fusobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes decreased.A total of 505 antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)subtypes encoding resistance to 21 antibiotic types and 150 mobile genetic elements(MGEs),mainly including plasmid(72)and transposase(52)were assembled in EFR.Significant linear regression models were identified among microbial richness,ARG subtypes,and MGE numbers(r^(2)=0.50-0.81,p<0.001).Physicochemical factors of EFR(Total nitrogen,total organic carbon,protein,and humus)regulated ARG and MGE assembly(%IncMSE value=5.14-14.85).The core ARG,MGE,and microbe sets(93.08%-99.85%)successfully explained 89.71%-92.92%of total ARG and MGE abundances.Specifically,gene aph(3 )-I,transposase tnpA,and Mycolicibacterium were the primary drivers of the resistance dissemination system.This study also proposes efficient resistance mitigation measures,and provides recommendations for future management of antibiotic fermentation residue.
基金Supported by Shanghai Putuo District R&D Platform Project(2024QX04).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of total flavonoids from G.jasminoides was optimized,and the antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth were tested.[Results]The best strain for fermentation of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides was Bacillus subtilis.The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1:30,the inoculation amount was 2%,and the fermentation time was 24 h.Under these fermentation conditions,the content of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides reached 36.90 mg/g,which was 45.22%higher than that of the control group without microbial fermentation,and it had good DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability,and the inhibition ability of hyaluronidase after fermentation was also improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical reference for the comprehensive application of G.jasminoides.
基金support from the following foundations:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322309,62433004)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(23S41900500)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-16).
文摘Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFA1304200)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-04 and CAAS-ZDRW202305)the Beijing Innovation Consortium of Livestock Research System(BAIC05-2023).
文摘Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance.Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain(ADG).This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review,isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential.Results Parabacteroides distasonis,a strain closely associated with ADG,was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar(FAA)medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4.Wholegenome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P.distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,with the ability to produce propionate,acetate,and lactate.The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P.distasonis F4.An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen.Furthermore,an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves.Conclusions This study represents the first isolation of P.distasonis F4 from rumen,highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330081).
文摘Whole wheat flour is a food raw material rich in macronutrients,but its application in baking industry is limited due to the existence of a large amount of insoluble dietary fiber in bran.In order to make full use of this resource,we first screened twelve cellulase-producing strains,and then extracted soluble dietary fiber(SDF)from whole wheat flour after fermentation with 3 strains of Aspergillus sp.and 2 strains of Bacillus sp.,respectively.The effects of different strains on nutritional characteristics,SDF yield,structure improvement,and antioxidant activity of whole wheat flour were compared.The results showed that fermentation of whole wheat significantly increased the yield of SDF,the content of nutritive active substances,and improved the physicochemical structure and antioxidant activity of SDF in vitro.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction and liquidity characteristics show that the fermentation to make whole wheat SDF has more porous microstructure and crystallinity of lower molecular weight.Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that there were differences in functional group types between soluble dietary fiber in control group(C-SDF)and soluble dietary fiber in the fermentation group(F-SDF).These changes together improved the hydration performance and antioxidant activity of whole wheat SDF,including water holding capacity,oil holding capacity,cholesterol adsorption,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)and hydroxyl radical scavenging,and lipase activity inhibition.Bacillus sp.SH and Aspergillus oryzae Y21 are ideal strains for fermentation of improved whole wheat,which has the potential of antioxidant properties while improving nutritional properties and food quality.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(RS-2024-00333618 and RS-2023-00240999)a Korea University Grantthe Institute of Biomedical Science&Food Safety,CJ-Korea University Food Safety Hall at Korea University,Republic of Korea。
文摘This study was performed to investigate the changes in microbial communities and metabolites during the long-term fermentation of commercially manufactured anchovy sauce.Samples of commercial anchovy sauce were collected from large-scale fermentation tanks with fermentation periods of up to 7.87 years.The complex bacterial community was simplified to two genera,Tetragenococcus and Halanaerobium,after approximately 0.55 years of fermentation.Although genera,such as Saccharomyces,Cladosporium,Candida,and Aspergillus,were relatively dominant,no clear pattern was identified in fungal community analysis.The longitudinal metabolite profile demonstrated that approximately half(55.8%)of the metabolites present in anchovy sauce were produced within a year of fermentation due to rapid fermentation.Despite the static microbial community,the contents of several metabolites including amino acids and biogenic amines changed continuously during the long-term fermentation of anchovy sauce.This study provides novel insights into the changes in microbiota and metabolites in fish sauce produced without any starter inoculation.
基金support from the following foundations:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322309,62433004)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(23S41900500)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-16).
文摘Fault diagnosis in industrial process is essential for ensuring production safety and efficiency.However,existing methods exhibit limited capability in recognizing hard samples and struggle to maintain consistency in feature distributions across domains,resulting in suboptimal performance and robustness.Therefore,this paper proposes a fault diagnosis neural network for hard sample mining and domain adaptive(SmdaNet).First,the method uses deep belief networks(DBN)to build a diagnostic model.Hard samples are mined based on the loss values,dividing the data set into hard and easy samples.Second,elastic weight consolidation(EWC)is used to train the model on hard samples,effectively preventing information forgetting.Finally,the feature space domain adaptation is introduced to optimize the feature space by minimizing the Kullback–Leibler divergence of the feature distributions.Experimental results show that the proposed SmdaNet method outperforms existing approaches in terms of classification accuracy,robustness and interpretability on the penicillin simulation and Tennessee Eastman process datasets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372367)the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-47)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Provine(323CXTD391)the Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-profit Institutes and the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2020TD69)。
文摘Inoculated fermentation enables rapid fermentation of aquatic products.No studies have been conducted on the lipid profiles of inoculated fermented golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus).In this study,a lipase-producing Bacillus subtilis with salt tolerance was screened from traditionally fermented golden pompano(TF)and used as a starter culture.Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed it carries 4 clustered regularly interspaced short vpalindromic repeats structures and 2 genes encoding triacylglycerol lipase.Untargeted lipidomics identified lipid molecules(833)in 6 major classes from B.subtilis SCSMX-2 fermented golden pompano(IF).A total of 28 lipid molecules were upregulated in IF,including phosphatidylcholines(PCs),triacylglycerols(TAGs),and lysophosphatidylcholine.B.subtilis supplementation enhanced the production of polyenyl PCs and mediumand long-chain TAGs.The IF rich in linoleic,docosahexaenoic acids(DHA),and eicosapentaenoic acid were primarily distributed in the sn-2 position of DHA,PC and phosphatidylethanolamine.This research revealed the lipid profiles of IF,providing theoretical basis for the application of B.subtilis in the fermented fish industry.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82174093).
文摘Objective:To improve the efficacy of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge(A.membranaceus,Huang Qi),and to further develop and utilize it,fermentation technology was applied to the stem and leaf of A.membranaceus to enhance its immune function.Methods:In this study,we fermented A.membranaceus stem and leaf(ASL)with probiotics and inves-tigated its immune function.Firstly,we screened suitable strains for ASL fermentation and optimized the fermentation process.Secondly,we determined the antioxidant capacity of fermented ASL and its effect on inflammation in mouse monocyte-macrophage cell.Finally,the immunocompromised mice were treated with fermented ASL to investigate the changes in their immune ability.Results:Among the 10 selected probiotics,Lactobacillus plantarum was the most suitable strain for ASL fermentation.After optimization of the fermentation process,the content of saponins in fermented ASL was significantly increased.The fermented ASL exhibited strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro.The in vivo immune efficacy improved by promoting the development of the spleen and thymus,as well as raising the immunoglobulin M,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β levels of in the serum.Conclusion:This study contributes to developing the non-medicinal parts of A.membranaceus,expands its medicinal resources,highlights the potential of fermentation technology to enhance these parts,and provides a reference for further development.Based on this approach,we can promote using non-me-dicinal parts of herbal medicines,minimize drug waste,and offer a reference for developing non-me-dicinal components in Chinese herbal medicines.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32360568)Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province(Qian Ke He Chengguo[2023]Zhongda 011)+2 种基金Guizhou Basic Research Program(Natural Science)Mianshang Project(Qiankehe Basic MS[2025]671)Guizhou Provincial Association of Science and Technology Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Project(GASTYESS202407)Guizhou University Natural Science Specialized(Te Gang)Scientific Research Fund(Gui Da Te Gang He Zi(2022)39).
文摘Fermented sour soup is a unique traditional sour food of the Miao and Dong ethnic groups in China.However,due to the commonly used traditional fermentation,the unstable fluctuation of microbial community often leads to some unpleasant inherent off-flavours in rice sour soup.In this study,the microbial composition and volatile flavour components of off-flavour and normal rice sour soup were examined by high-throughput sequencing and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Then,based on Pearson correlation coefficients,the correlations between fungi and bacteria and those between core microorganisms and key volatile flavour components were investigated.The dominant fungal genera included Candida,Dekkera,Pichia,Rhizopus,and Issatchenkia,whereas the dominant bacterial genera included Lactobacillus,Pectinatus,Bifidobacterium,Pseudomonas,and Acetobacter.Compared to normal rice sour soup,off-flavoured rice sour soup contained the significantly increased relative abundance of Candida and the significantly decreased relative abundance of Dkkera.In addition,80 volatile flavour compounds detected in off-flavoured rice sour soup,mainly including esters,acids,and alcohols,were different from those detected in normal rice sour soup.Especially,some substances were only detected in off-flavoured rice sour soup,such as 1-hexanol(68-207μg/kg),butyric acid(20-92μg/kg)and heptanoic acid(12-45μg/kg),which might be the main source of off-flavours.These results provide new ideas and strategies of removing or abating odour from fermented rice sour soup.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Zhaoqing University(S202410580071X).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to elucidate the fermentation characteristics of different bacterial strains and identify the optimal fermentation strain,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional aloe beverages.[Methods]Using fresh juice from Aloe vera L.as the raw material,the proliferation characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum(LP),Lactobacillus reuteri(LR),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(LGG)and Pediococcus pentosaceus(PP)during fermentation were investigated.Changes in pH,total viable bacterial count,total sugars,acemannan(AC),total flavonoid content(TFC)and total phenol content(TPC),and their effects on antioxidant activity(DPPH,ABTS,FRAP)were measured before and after fermentation.[Results]Aloe juice served as an excellent growth substrate for all four lactic acid bacterial strains,with viable bacterial counts significantly increasing after fermentation.The LGG group achieved the highest viable count(12.82 lg CFU/ml),followed by the LP group(12.77 lg CFU/ml).All four strains significantly enhanced the total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of the aloe juice.The LP group demonstrated the most outstanding performance,achieving the highest increase in TPC,the smallest reduction in TFC(from 0.054 mg/ml to 0.019 mg/ml),and the strongest comprehensive antioxidant activity(DPPH scavenging rate:80.33%,ABTS scavenging rate:93.15%,FRAP value:0.167 mmol/L).Additionally,it also better preserved the functional component AC.[Conclusions]L.plantarum demonstrated optimal performance in enhancing the antioxidant activity and preserving nutritional components of aloe juice,making it an ideal strain for aloe juice fermentation.This study provides a foundation for developing functional aloe beverages.
基金funded by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province[Grant/Award Number:CX(24)1008]Key Research and Development Program Project of Henan Province(251111110100)National State Science Foundation of China[Grant/Award Number:21808093].
文摘Long-time fermentation has always been one of the reasons restricting the development of straw biological pulping.This study aimed to develop a novel straw pulp film with shortened solid-state fermentation time with less than 20%mass loss rate by bio-pulping synergistic treatment of straw fibers with deep eutectic solvent(DES)and Streptomyces rochei(S.rochei).Results illustrated that at 3%S.rochei concentration with 7-day fermentation,both cellulose and hemicellulose enzyme activities of the treated rice straw fiber reached peak values with a fiber mass loss rate of 17.01%.Microstructural morphology revealed that S.rochei colonization initiated on straw surfaces and progressively penetrated internal structures,resulting in surface loosening and distinct disruption of cell wall tissues within vascular bundles in transverse sections.The treated rice straw strip indicated a maximum tensile strength of 46.22 MPa for(Bacteria)BA 3%at day 7,attributed to optimized synergistic effects of microfibril angle(MFA)and cellulose/hemicellulose relative content ratio.The modified straw pulp film exhibited significant enhancement in the tensile index(44.9%increase),burst index(10.3%increase),and tear index(60%increase)compared to untreated groups.This work demonstrated the important role ofDES and S.rochei bio-pulping synergistic treatment in improving rice straw pulp performance,suggesting an eco-friendly,novel,and efficient biomass pretreatment technology for potential application prospects in sustainable agricultural mulching materials.
基金Supported by National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(X202510580088)Special Project for Promoting the Coordinated Development of Urban and Rural Areas and Regions by Introducing Scientific and Technological Achievements of Guangdong Province into Counties and Towns(2025B0202010051)Project of High-quality Development in Hundred Counties,Thousands Towns and Ten Thousand Villages of Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology:Key Dispatch Project for Rural Science and Technology Commissioners(KTP20240704).
文摘The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigates greenhouse gas emissions but also enhances the organic matter content in soil,thereby supporting the advancement of sustainable agriculture.Currently,the principal fertilizer production technologies utilizing solid waste resources encompass hydrothermal fertilizer production,aerobic fermentation,wrapping fertilizer production,micro-storage fertilizer production,and biochemical rapid decomposition.This paper examines the applicability and limitations of these technologies in practical contexts,and anticipates their developmental trends and future prospects.It aims to offer practical guidance and constructive support for the resource utilization of solid waste and the sustainable development of related industries.
