Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)emerges as a global health crisis and is characterized by hyperglycemia,insulin resistance,and oxidative stress.Conventional treatments for T2DM often have limitations,thus prompting inte...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)emerges as a global health crisis and is characterized by hyperglycemia,insulin resistance,and oxidative stress.Conventional treatments for T2DM often have limitations,thus prompting interest in natural alternatives like fennel.This review explores fennel's potential anti-diabetic properties,focusing on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Fennel contains various bioactive compounds,including flavonoids,phenolic acids,and volatile oils,known for their antioxidant properties.These compounds can neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress,which plays a crucial role in T2DM.Additionally,fennel's anti-inflammatory effects may help mitigate the chronic inflammation associated with T2DM.Preclinical studies have demonstrated fennel's ability to lower blood glucose levels,improve insulin sensitivity,and reduce oxidative stress in diabetic animals.These findings suggest that fennel may be a promising natural agent for managing T2DM.However,further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and to evaluate its efficacy and safety in human clinical trials.展开更多
Laboratory-isolated essential oils are commonly used in experiments regarding their utilization as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.This study analyzed commercially available essential oils(Serbian-FSR and...Laboratory-isolated essential oils are commonly used in experiments regarding their utilization as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.This study analyzed commercially available essential oils(Serbian-FSR and Russian-FRU)of fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)and added to the pork patties to investigate their possible role as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.Chemical analysis of the samples showed significant differences in profiles caused by geographical origin and other environmental factors.The main compound in both samples was trans-Anethole,but it had a much higher content in Serbian oils.On the contrary,Russian oil had a high portion of anisaldehyde and linalool.These diversities are the main reason for thermal behavior and biological activity differences.The thermal analysis has shown that FSR had a crystalline form in the solid state,while FRU had an amorphous form.During heating,in FSR,a single-step weight loss was detected,while in FRU,a two-step weight loss was observed,indicating that,in addition to evaporation,components in FRU interacted with each other,forming lesser volatile molecules.After adding pork patties,Russian oil showed higher potency and better protective behavior than Serbian oil.Moreover,mixtures of these oils were added to the patties samples,and results showed higher potency when compared to individual oil samples.This indicated that minor compounds from both oils interacted and synergistically acted to prolong the shelf life of the meat samples.Commercial essential oils could be successfully utilized to prolong shelf life and provide additional intake of natural com-pounds significant for the human diet.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the application effect of Fennel hot compress in pa-tients undergoing conservative treatment for intestinal obstruction.Methods:A non-randomized,non-concurrent controlled study was conducted i...Objective:To investigate the application effect of Fennel hot compress in pa-tients undergoing conservative treatment for intestinal obstruction.Methods:A non-randomized,non-concurrent controlled study was conducted involv-ing 79 patients with intestinal obstruction receiving conservative treatment.Convenience sampling was used to divide them into a control group(n=41)and an observation group(n=38).The control group received routine symp-tomatic supportive treatment and nursing care.The observation group received additional Fennel hot compress applied to the abdomen.Results:The obser-vation group showed a higher treatment effective rate than the control group.The time to anal exhaust,time to defecation,and time to disappearance of abdominal pain and distension were significantly shortened in the observation group.Hospital stay length and costs were reduced.Patient satisfaction total score,and scores in the dimensions of technical service quality,service econ-omy,and timeliness were superior in the observation group compared to the control group.All differences were statistically significant.Discussion:Fennel hot compress is simple,safe,and effective.It can accelerate the recovery of gas-trointestinal function,alleviate suffering,reduce hospitalization costs,and en-hance nursing satisfaction in patients undergoing conservative treatment for in-testinal obstruction,demonstrating significant clinical value for widespread adoption.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study is to study the best inclusion technology of Lavender-and fennel-mixed volatile oil by beta?cyclodextrin(β-CD) and characterize the final product thereafter.Methods:Using the sat...Objective:The objective of this study is to study the best inclusion technology of Lavender-and fennel-mixed volatile oil by beta?cyclodextrin(β-CD) and characterize the final product thereafter.Methods:Using the saturated water solution method,the volatile β-CD inclusion complex was produced.The effect of volatile oil weight ratio,inclusion temperature and inclusion time on the inclusive quality was studied by measuring the yield of inclusion and inclusion rate of volatile oil as evaluation indexes.The preparation method of inclusion complex was then optimized by the Box-Behnken response surface method.The inclusion complex was characterized by ultraviolet spectrophotometry,thin-layer chromatography,thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis,and the microscopic imaging method.Results:The optimized conditions were the weight ratio of β-CD to volatile oil was 8.13:1(g/ml).The inclusion temperature was 44°C.The inclusion time was 1 h.Conclusion:We were able to produce an inclusion complex with high inclusion rate of volatile oil and high yield of inclusion using the preparation method mentioned above.Furthermore,the method can also improve the stability of volatile oil in abnormal savda munziq.This study can provide a good reference for the development of new preparations.展开更多
通过代谢组学分析小茴香在虫草菌(Cordyceps spp.)51菌株和55菌株发酵前后的代谢物(X51、X55)变化及关键代谢通路。结果表明,与对照组(XK)相比,发酵改变了小茴香的代谢谱。XK vs X51、XK vs X55的差异代谢物变化模式相似,上调代谢物分别...通过代谢组学分析小茴香在虫草菌(Cordyceps spp.)51菌株和55菌株发酵前后的代谢物(X51、X55)变化及关键代谢通路。结果表明,与对照组(XK)相比,发酵改变了小茴香的代谢谱。XK vs X51、XK vs X55的差异代谢物变化模式相似,上调代谢物分别为310、297个,均以氨基酸及其衍生物为主,下调代谢物分别为423、400个,均以酚酸类为主。XK vs X51、XK vs X55中,上调的主要代谢物均包括L-鸟氨酸和环(L-亮氨酸-反-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸)等。这些代谢物的上调可能与小茴香的药效成分密切相关。XK vs X51、XK vs X55的差异代谢物均主要富集于次生代谢物生物合成(Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites)、辅因子生物合成(Biosynthesis of cofactors)和氨基酸生物合成(Biosynthesis of amino acids)。次生代谢物生物合成通路的注释占比超过39%,表明该通路在发酵过程中可能发挥核心调控作用。展开更多
Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare)essential oil(EO)and its supercritical fluid extracts(SFE1 and SFE2),as well trans-anethole as a standard compound,were added in basic formulation of beef burgers,at two levels(0.075 and 0.15...Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare)essential oil(EO)and its supercritical fluid extracts(SFE1 and SFE2),as well trans-anethole as a standard compound,were added in basic formulation of beef burgers,at two levels(0.075 and 0.150μL/g).The main goal of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative and antimicrobial effects of fennel extracts(EO and SFEs)in beef burgers during three days of refrigerated storage.The preservative potential for controlling L.monocytogenes and E.coli growth in these meat products was also assessed.Both types of fennel extracts(EO and SFEs)significantly(P<0.05)reduced lipid and protein oxidation and microbiological growth(aerobic mesophilic bacteria,lactic acid bacteria,and Enterobacteriaceae)in beef burgers.Results indicated that SFE1 and SFE2 had a higher antioxidative potential than EO and trans-anethole.Higher concentration(0.150μL/g)of fennel extracts(EO and SFEs)and trans-anethole efficiently inhibited the growth of L.monocytogenes.Therefore,the results of this study displayed significant antioxidative and antimicrobial potential of fennel EO and,especially,SFEs as novel natural ingredients in beef burger processing.展开更多
Aim:The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of chamomile fl owers methanolic extract(CFME)and fennel seeds methanolic extract(FSME)on azathioprine(AZA),an immunosuppressant drug,which indu...Aim:The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of chamomile fl owers methanolic extract(CFME)and fennel seeds methanolic extract(FSME)on azathioprine(AZA),an immunosuppressant drug,which induced a liver injury and oxidative stress in rats.Methods:Rats were divided into 6 groups(8 rats each)and treated orally for 28 consecutive days as follows.Group 1:rats were given normal saline and used as controls;group 2:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg);group 3:rats treated with FSME(200 mg/kg);group 4:rats treated with AZA(25 mg/kg);and groups 5 and 6:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg)or FSME(200 mg/kg)15 min prior to AZA(25 mg/kg)treatment.At the end of experimental period,blood and liver samples were collected from all groups for biochemical analysis and histological examination.Results:The obtained data revealed that AZA-induced hepatic injury in the rats as evidenced by the signifi cant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,cholesterol,and direct bilirubin as well as hepatic malondialdehyde level accompanied with signifi cant decrease in reduced glutathione content and total antioxidant capacity in the liver.Moreover,body weight gain showed the signifi cant decrease and relative liver weight showed the signifi cant increase on AZA treatment.The sequential signifi cant changes in biochemical parameters were accompanied by severe histological changes in the liver tissue,including hepatocytes disorganization with pyknotic nuclei,fatty degeneration,congestion,fi brosis,and bile duct necrosis around the portal tract.The areas of hemorrhages in blood vessels and in between hepatocytes were also seen.However,the results showed the potential hepatoprotective effects of CFME and FSME against AZA-induced liver injury and oxidative stress.They succeeded in restoring the biochemical parameters and improving the histological picture of the liver.This improvement was more pronounced in the rats pretreated with FSME.Conclusion:It could be concluded that CFME and FSME have hepatoprotective potentials against AZA probably due to their antioxidant properties and radical scavenging activity.展开更多
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)emerges as a global health crisis and is characterized by hyperglycemia,insulin resistance,and oxidative stress.Conventional treatments for T2DM often have limitations,thus prompting interest in natural alternatives like fennel.This review explores fennel's potential anti-diabetic properties,focusing on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Fennel contains various bioactive compounds,including flavonoids,phenolic acids,and volatile oils,known for their antioxidant properties.These compounds can neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress,which plays a crucial role in T2DM.Additionally,fennel's anti-inflammatory effects may help mitigate the chronic inflammation associated with T2DM.Preclinical studies have demonstrated fennel's ability to lower blood glucose levels,improve insulin sensitivity,and reduce oxidative stress in diabetic animals.These findings suggest that fennel may be a promising natural agent for managing T2DM.However,further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and to evaluate its efficacy and safety in human clinical trials.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(Contracts No.451-03-66/2024-03/200051 and 451-03-66/2024-03/200178,and 451-03-66/2024-03/200026).
文摘Laboratory-isolated essential oils are commonly used in experiments regarding their utilization as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.This study analyzed commercially available essential oils(Serbian-FSR and Russian-FRU)of fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)and added to the pork patties to investigate their possible role as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.Chemical analysis of the samples showed significant differences in profiles caused by geographical origin and other environmental factors.The main compound in both samples was trans-Anethole,but it had a much higher content in Serbian oils.On the contrary,Russian oil had a high portion of anisaldehyde and linalool.These diversities are the main reason for thermal behavior and biological activity differences.The thermal analysis has shown that FSR had a crystalline form in the solid state,while FRU had an amorphous form.During heating,in FSR,a single-step weight loss was detected,while in FRU,a two-step weight loss was observed,indicating that,in addition to evaporation,components in FRU interacted with each other,forming lesser volatile molecules.After adding pork patties,Russian oil showed higher potency and better protective behavior than Serbian oil.Moreover,mixtures of these oils were added to the patties samples,and results showed higher potency when compared to individual oil samples.This indicated that minor compounds from both oils interacted and synergistically acted to prolong the shelf life of the meat samples.Commercial essential oils could be successfully utilized to prolong shelf life and provide additional intake of natural com-pounds significant for the human diet.
文摘Objective:To investigate the application effect of Fennel hot compress in pa-tients undergoing conservative treatment for intestinal obstruction.Methods:A non-randomized,non-concurrent controlled study was conducted involv-ing 79 patients with intestinal obstruction receiving conservative treatment.Convenience sampling was used to divide them into a control group(n=41)and an observation group(n=38).The control group received routine symp-tomatic supportive treatment and nursing care.The observation group received additional Fennel hot compress applied to the abdomen.Results:The obser-vation group showed a higher treatment effective rate than the control group.The time to anal exhaust,time to defecation,and time to disappearance of abdominal pain and distension were significantly shortened in the observation group.Hospital stay length and costs were reduced.Patient satisfaction total score,and scores in the dimensions of technical service quality,service econ-omy,and timeliness were superior in the observation group compared to the control group.All differences were statistically significant.Discussion:Fennel hot compress is simple,safe,and effective.It can accelerate the recovery of gas-trointestinal function,alleviate suffering,reduce hospitalization costs,and en-hance nursing satisfaction in patients undergoing conservative treatment for in-testinal obstruction,demonstrating significant clinical value for widespread adoption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no:81660667)
文摘Objective:The objective of this study is to study the best inclusion technology of Lavender-and fennel-mixed volatile oil by beta?cyclodextrin(β-CD) and characterize the final product thereafter.Methods:Using the saturated water solution method,the volatile β-CD inclusion complex was produced.The effect of volatile oil weight ratio,inclusion temperature and inclusion time on the inclusive quality was studied by measuring the yield of inclusion and inclusion rate of volatile oil as evaluation indexes.The preparation method of inclusion complex was then optimized by the Box-Behnken response surface method.The inclusion complex was characterized by ultraviolet spectrophotometry,thin-layer chromatography,thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis,and the microscopic imaging method.Results:The optimized conditions were the weight ratio of β-CD to volatile oil was 8.13:1(g/ml).The inclusion temperature was 44°C.The inclusion time was 1 h.Conclusion:We were able to produce an inclusion complex with high inclusion rate of volatile oil and high yield of inclusion using the preparation method mentioned above.Furthermore,the method can also improve the stability of volatile oil in abnormal savda munziq.This study can provide a good reference for the development of new preparations.
文摘通过代谢组学分析小茴香在虫草菌(Cordyceps spp.)51菌株和55菌株发酵前后的代谢物(X51、X55)变化及关键代谢通路。结果表明,与对照组(XK)相比,发酵改变了小茴香的代谢谱。XK vs X51、XK vs X55的差异代谢物变化模式相似,上调代谢物分别为310、297个,均以氨基酸及其衍生物为主,下调代谢物分别为423、400个,均以酚酸类为主。XK vs X51、XK vs X55中,上调的主要代谢物均包括L-鸟氨酸和环(L-亮氨酸-反-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸)等。这些代谢物的上调可能与小茴香的药效成分密切相关。XK vs X51、XK vs X55的差异代谢物均主要富集于次生代谢物生物合成(Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites)、辅因子生物合成(Biosynthesis of cofactors)和氨基酸生物合成(Biosynthesis of amino acids)。次生代谢物生物合成通路的注释占比超过39%,表明该通路在发酵过程中可能发挥核心调控作用。
基金supported by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia,7750168,Novel extracts and bioactive compounds from underutilized resources for high-value applications-BioUtilizethe Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia,451-03-47/2023-01/200134 and 451-03-47/2023-01/200051.
文摘Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare)essential oil(EO)and its supercritical fluid extracts(SFE1 and SFE2),as well trans-anethole as a standard compound,were added in basic formulation of beef burgers,at two levels(0.075 and 0.150μL/g).The main goal of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative and antimicrobial effects of fennel extracts(EO and SFEs)in beef burgers during three days of refrigerated storage.The preservative potential for controlling L.monocytogenes and E.coli growth in these meat products was also assessed.Both types of fennel extracts(EO and SFEs)significantly(P<0.05)reduced lipid and protein oxidation and microbiological growth(aerobic mesophilic bacteria,lactic acid bacteria,and Enterobacteriaceae)in beef burgers.Results indicated that SFE1 and SFE2 had a higher antioxidative potential than EO and trans-anethole.Higher concentration(0.150μL/g)of fennel extracts(EO and SFEs)and trans-anethole efficiently inhibited the growth of L.monocytogenes.Therefore,the results of this study displayed significant antioxidative and antimicrobial potential of fennel EO and,especially,SFEs as novel natural ingredients in beef burger processing.
文摘Aim:The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of chamomile fl owers methanolic extract(CFME)and fennel seeds methanolic extract(FSME)on azathioprine(AZA),an immunosuppressant drug,which induced a liver injury and oxidative stress in rats.Methods:Rats were divided into 6 groups(8 rats each)and treated orally for 28 consecutive days as follows.Group 1:rats were given normal saline and used as controls;group 2:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg);group 3:rats treated with FSME(200 mg/kg);group 4:rats treated with AZA(25 mg/kg);and groups 5 and 6:rats treated with CFME(200 mg/kg)or FSME(200 mg/kg)15 min prior to AZA(25 mg/kg)treatment.At the end of experimental period,blood and liver samples were collected from all groups for biochemical analysis and histological examination.Results:The obtained data revealed that AZA-induced hepatic injury in the rats as evidenced by the signifi cant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,cholesterol,and direct bilirubin as well as hepatic malondialdehyde level accompanied with signifi cant decrease in reduced glutathione content and total antioxidant capacity in the liver.Moreover,body weight gain showed the signifi cant decrease and relative liver weight showed the signifi cant increase on AZA treatment.The sequential signifi cant changes in biochemical parameters were accompanied by severe histological changes in the liver tissue,including hepatocytes disorganization with pyknotic nuclei,fatty degeneration,congestion,fi brosis,and bile duct necrosis around the portal tract.The areas of hemorrhages in blood vessels and in between hepatocytes were also seen.However,the results showed the potential hepatoprotective effects of CFME and FSME against AZA-induced liver injury and oxidative stress.They succeeded in restoring the biochemical parameters and improving the histological picture of the liver.This improvement was more pronounced in the rats pretreated with FSME.Conclusion:It could be concluded that CFME and FSME have hepatoprotective potentials against AZA probably due to their antioxidant properties and radical scavenging activity.
