This paper investigated aqueous chemistry for two geothermal spring groups responsive and sensitive to flow fluctuations induced by earthquakes. Quake monitorings are favored for their being in residential areas with ...This paper investigated aqueous chemistry for two geothermal spring groups responsive and sensitive to flow fluctuations induced by earthquakes. Quake monitorings are favored for their being in residential areas with well-preserved natural flow systems in Xinyi City＇s Xijiang Hot Springs and Fengshun County＇s Shihu Hot Spring. The hot springs are typical in temperatures and flow rates in southern China＇s Guangdong Province. Physical and chemical conditions deep down in the heat sources are important constraints on earthquake, fluid flow, reactive solute transport and heat transfer, but remain challenging to address via field observations and numerical experiments. In this paper, we made daily and annual observations on flow rates, temperature, and/or aqueous chemistry. We employed strontium isotopes as tracers for the water sources, equilibrium phase diagram for K-feldspar and albite stability, and Na-K-Mg diagram for heat reservoir temperatures. The abundant sulfite content in Xi- jiang Hot Springs is discussed. Our main finding are that the deep fault springs are characterized by low reduction-oxidation potential at around -200- -150 mV and relatively large daily flow variations. The resuits provide scientific background features on the field sites regarding earthquake monitoring and predictions and geothermal reservoir.展开更多
基金supported in part by 211 startup fund to the first author by China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)
文摘This paper investigated aqueous chemistry for two geothermal spring groups responsive and sensitive to flow fluctuations induced by earthquakes. Quake monitorings are favored for their being in residential areas with well-preserved natural flow systems in Xinyi City＇s Xijiang Hot Springs and Fengshun County＇s Shihu Hot Spring. The hot springs are typical in temperatures and flow rates in southern China＇s Guangdong Province. Physical and chemical conditions deep down in the heat sources are important constraints on earthquake, fluid flow, reactive solute transport and heat transfer, but remain challenging to address via field observations and numerical experiments. In this paper, we made daily and annual observations on flow rates, temperature, and/or aqueous chemistry. We employed strontium isotopes as tracers for the water sources, equilibrium phase diagram for K-feldspar and albite stability, and Na-K-Mg diagram for heat reservoir temperatures. The abundant sulfite content in Xi- jiang Hot Springs is discussed. Our main finding are that the deep fault springs are characterized by low reduction-oxidation potential at around -200- -150 mV and relatively large daily flow variations. The resuits provide scientific background features on the field sites regarding earthquake monitoring and predictions and geothermal reservoir.
文摘次季节预测在农业规划、防灾减灾和水资源管理等领域具有重要意义。基于人工智能的“风顺”次季节预测模型(CMA-AIM-S2S-Fengshun),结合自主研发的CRA-40再分析数据和FY-3E卫星数据,通过级联Swin Transformer模块和智能扰动生成技术,实现了气候多要素集合预测。对2017—2021年中国区域降水的历史回算检验表明,“风顺”在逐候平均降水预测中的表现显著优于欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)模式,整体技巧提升18.6%,其中华南地区提升41.2%,东部地区提升26.5%。在MJO(Madden-Julian Oscillation)预测方面,“风顺”将技巧保持时间延长至32 d(CRA-40驱动),超过ECMWF的30 d基准。个例分析显示,模型对2024年7月中旬华北强降水过程的落区和强度预测精度更高,提前3~4候捕捉到关键异常信号。
