This paper analyzes the sea surface backward thermal radiation data in the China Sea observed by the mmwave channel of FY3 MWRI, explains the reason for which the analysis method combined with multiple mmwave channels...This paper analyzes the sea surface backward thermal radiation data in the China Sea observed by the mmwave channel of FY3 MWRI, explains the reason for which the analysis method combined with multiple mmwave channels is conducive to wind inversion, uses the complex model of the two-scale randomly rough surface with foam scattering layer to calculate the backward heat emission, analyzes the different response characteristics of the thermal radiation characteristics of each channel with the change of the sea surface wind speed, and establishes the wind speed inversion model applying to the microwave radiometer, achieving better results than in previous studies. The sea surface medium-low wind speed precision standard deviation of new model reaches 1.2 m/s (0 - 15 m/s);the inversion strong wind data are consistent with the island fixed buoys data, and the global sea surface wind speed image schematic diagram is given.展开更多
For Microwave Humidity and Temperature sounder(MWHTS) measurements over the ocean, a cloud filtering method is presented to filter out cloud-and precipitation-affected observations by analyzing the sensitivity of the ...For Microwave Humidity and Temperature sounder(MWHTS) measurements over the ocean, a cloud filtering method is presented to filter out cloud-and precipitation-affected observations by analyzing the sensitivity of the simulated brightness temperatures of MWHTS to cloud liquid water, and using the root mean square error(RMSE)between observation and simulation in clear sky as a reference standard. The atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles are retrieved using MWHTS measurements with and without filtering by multiple linear regression(MLR),artificial neural networks(ANN) and one-dimensional variational(1DVAR) retrieval methods, respectively, and the effects of the filtering method on the retrieval accuracies are analyzed. The numerical results show that the filtering method can improve the retrieval accuracies of the MLR and the 1DVAR retrieval methods, but have little influence on that of the ANN. In addition, the dependencies of the retrieval methods upon the testing samples of brightness temperature are studied, and the results show that the 1DVAR retrieval method has great stability due to that the testing samples have great impact on the retrieval accuracies of the MLR and the ANN, but have little impact on that of the 1DVAR.展开更多
目的探索酮还原酶家族1成员C3(aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3,AKR1C3)对乳腺癌恶性细胞生物学行为的干预作用及对程序性细胞死亡蛋白/程序性死亡-配体1(programmed cell death protein1/programmed death-ligand1,PD-1/PD-L)...目的探索酮还原酶家族1成员C3(aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3,AKR1C3)对乳腺癌恶性细胞生物学行为的干预作用及对程序性细胞死亡蛋白/程序性死亡-配体1(programmed cell death protein1/programmed death-ligand1,PD-1/PD-L)通路的影响。方法把MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞中NC组和AKR1C3组分别转染空质粒和AKR1C3质粒,采用MTT法检测转染后24 h、48 h、72 h细胞活力;采用流式细胞技术测定各组细胞的存活率以及早期、晚期凋亡比例;通过Transwell实验对各组细胞的迁移和侵袭能力进行检测;通过Western blot检测各组细胞PD-1、PD-L1、蛋白激酶B(protein kinase b,AKT)蛋白表达水平。使用C57BL/6小鼠构建荷瘤模型,将采用人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞转染NC质粒和AKR1C3质粒进行细胞荷瘤,每3 d测量瘤体积,持续21 d,绘制两组小鼠肿瘤生长曲线,并于实验终点测量肿瘤质量。结果相较于NC组,AKR1C3组细胞活力降低(P<0.05),并且具有时间依赖效应(P<0.05),迁移和侵袭能力降低(P<0.05),早期凋亡和晚期凋亡比例升高(P<0.05),PD-1、PD-L1、AKT蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05)。动物实验表明,AKR1C3组小鼠肿瘤体积降低,肿瘤质量下降(P<0.05)。结论AKR1C3可以抑制人乳腺癌细胞恶性生物学行为,抑制PD-1/PDL1信号通路蛋白表达。展开更多
目的:探讨膜肾方对特发性膜性肾病大鼠血浆诱导损伤足细胞的干预作用及其机制。方法:建立特发性膜性肾病大鼠模型,用肝素钠作为抗凝剂收集其血浆样品并诱导足细胞损伤,分对照组、模型组、膜肾方组、膜肾方+C3a受体(C3aR)拮抗剂组、C3aR...目的:探讨膜肾方对特发性膜性肾病大鼠血浆诱导损伤足细胞的干预作用及其机制。方法:建立特发性膜性肾病大鼠模型,用肝素钠作为抗凝剂收集其血浆样品并诱导足细胞损伤,分对照组、模型组、膜肾方组、膜肾方+C3a受体(C3aR)拮抗剂组、C3aR拮抗剂组。采用Western blotting检测各组足细胞C3aR、磷脂酶A2受体(PLA2R)、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(p-ERK1/2)、磷酸化细胞浆型磷脂酶A2(p-cPLA2)蛋白表达水平;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测上清液C3a表达水平;Real-time PCR测定Synaptopodin mRNA、C3aR m RNA、PLA2R mRNA表达水平;细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)检测各组足细胞活力。结果:与对照组比较,模型组足细胞C3aR、PLA2R、p-ERK1/2、p-cPLA2表达水平均升高,上清液C3a水平升高,Synaptopodin m RNA水平下降,C3aR mRNA、PLA2R mRNA水平升高,足细胞活力下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与模型组比较,膜肾方组足细胞C3aR、PLA2R、p-ERK1/2、p-cPLA2表达水平均下降,上清液C3a水平下降,Synaptopodin m RNA水平升高,C3aR mRNA、PLA2R mRNA水平下降,足细胞活力改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与膜肾方组比较,膜肾方+C3aR拮抗剂组及C3aR拮抗剂组足细胞C3aR、PLA2R、p-ERK1/2、p-cPLA2表达水平均下降,上清液C3a水平下降,Synaptopodin mRNA水平升高,C3aR m RNA、PLA2R mRNA水平下降,足细胞活力改善,膜肾方+C3aR拮抗剂组更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:膜肾方可能通过调控C3a/C3aR通路,下调PLA2R水平,稳定足细胞骨架,改善足细胞活力,从而发挥对足细胞的保护作用。展开更多
目的:通过对C3H10T1/2细胞分化为成熟棕色脂肪细胞的培养、诱导分化及鉴定,深入探讨棕色脂肪细胞的生物学特性,为人类棕色脂肪细胞的相关研究提供实验参考与理论依据。方法:C3H10T1/2细胞经细胞接种、培养及诱导分化处理,利用光学显微...目的:通过对C3H10T1/2细胞分化为成熟棕色脂肪细胞的培养、诱导分化及鉴定,深入探讨棕色脂肪细胞的生物学特性,为人类棕色脂肪细胞的相关研究提供实验参考与理论依据。方法:C3H10T1/2细胞经细胞接种、培养及诱导分化处理,利用光学显微镜观察细胞形态变化,并通过油红O染色、免疫荧光法、线粒体探针法以及线粒体电镜技术对分化细胞进行鉴定分析。结果:未分化的C3H10T1/2细胞形态多样,具有突触伸展特征;分化后的细胞逐渐变为圆形或椭圆形,形成环形脂滴;未分化组细胞形态无明显变化。油红O染色显示,未分化组细胞基本无染色,而分化组中约90%的细胞红染,脂滴分布于细胞核周围,吸光度值显著升高(P<0.05)。分化组解偶联蛋白1(uncoupling protein 1,UCP1)、过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,PPARγ)辅激活因子1α(PPARγco-activator-1α,PGC-1α)、PPARγ和转录因子PRDM16的相对荧光强度和蛋白表达量显著高于未分化组(P<0.05),且线粒体活性增强。结论:本研究成功诱导C3H10T1/2细胞分化为成熟棕色脂肪细胞,结合细胞形态观察、关键蛋白表达检测及线粒体功能分析进行综合评估,证实了细胞的有效分化及成熟棕色脂肪细胞的功能特性。展开更多
文摘This paper analyzes the sea surface backward thermal radiation data in the China Sea observed by the mmwave channel of FY3 MWRI, explains the reason for which the analysis method combined with multiple mmwave channels is conducive to wind inversion, uses the complex model of the two-scale randomly rough surface with foam scattering layer to calculate the backward heat emission, analyzes the different response characteristics of the thermal radiation characteristics of each channel with the change of the sea surface wind speed, and establishes the wind speed inversion model applying to the microwave radiometer, achieving better results than in previous studies. The sea surface medium-low wind speed precision standard deviation of new model reaches 1.2 m/s (0 - 15 m/s);the inversion strong wind data are consistent with the island fixed buoys data, and the global sea surface wind speed image schematic diagram is given.
基金Key Fostering Project of National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y62112f37s)National 863 Project of China(2015AA8126027)
文摘For Microwave Humidity and Temperature sounder(MWHTS) measurements over the ocean, a cloud filtering method is presented to filter out cloud-and precipitation-affected observations by analyzing the sensitivity of the simulated brightness temperatures of MWHTS to cloud liquid water, and using the root mean square error(RMSE)between observation and simulation in clear sky as a reference standard. The atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles are retrieved using MWHTS measurements with and without filtering by multiple linear regression(MLR),artificial neural networks(ANN) and one-dimensional variational(1DVAR) retrieval methods, respectively, and the effects of the filtering method on the retrieval accuracies are analyzed. The numerical results show that the filtering method can improve the retrieval accuracies of the MLR and the 1DVAR retrieval methods, but have little influence on that of the ANN. In addition, the dependencies of the retrieval methods upon the testing samples of brightness temperature are studied, and the results show that the 1DVAR retrieval method has great stability due to that the testing samples have great impact on the retrieval accuracies of the MLR and the ANN, but have little impact on that of the 1DVAR.
文摘目的:探讨膜肾方对特发性膜性肾病大鼠血浆诱导损伤足细胞的干预作用及其机制。方法:建立特发性膜性肾病大鼠模型,用肝素钠作为抗凝剂收集其血浆样品并诱导足细胞损伤,分对照组、模型组、膜肾方组、膜肾方+C3a受体(C3aR)拮抗剂组、C3aR拮抗剂组。采用Western blotting检测各组足细胞C3aR、磷脂酶A2受体(PLA2R)、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(p-ERK1/2)、磷酸化细胞浆型磷脂酶A2(p-cPLA2)蛋白表达水平;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测上清液C3a表达水平;Real-time PCR测定Synaptopodin mRNA、C3aR m RNA、PLA2R mRNA表达水平;细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)检测各组足细胞活力。结果:与对照组比较,模型组足细胞C3aR、PLA2R、p-ERK1/2、p-cPLA2表达水平均升高,上清液C3a水平升高,Synaptopodin m RNA水平下降,C3aR mRNA、PLA2R mRNA水平升高,足细胞活力下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与模型组比较,膜肾方组足细胞C3aR、PLA2R、p-ERK1/2、p-cPLA2表达水平均下降,上清液C3a水平下降,Synaptopodin m RNA水平升高,C3aR mRNA、PLA2R mRNA水平下降,足细胞活力改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与膜肾方组比较,膜肾方+C3aR拮抗剂组及C3aR拮抗剂组足细胞C3aR、PLA2R、p-ERK1/2、p-cPLA2表达水平均下降,上清液C3a水平下降,Synaptopodin mRNA水平升高,C3aR m RNA、PLA2R mRNA水平下降,足细胞活力改善,膜肾方+C3aR拮抗剂组更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:膜肾方可能通过调控C3a/C3aR通路,下调PLA2R水平,稳定足细胞骨架,改善足细胞活力,从而发挥对足细胞的保护作用。
文摘目的:通过对C3H10T1/2细胞分化为成熟棕色脂肪细胞的培养、诱导分化及鉴定,深入探讨棕色脂肪细胞的生物学特性,为人类棕色脂肪细胞的相关研究提供实验参考与理论依据。方法:C3H10T1/2细胞经细胞接种、培养及诱导分化处理,利用光学显微镜观察细胞形态变化,并通过油红O染色、免疫荧光法、线粒体探针法以及线粒体电镜技术对分化细胞进行鉴定分析。结果:未分化的C3H10T1/2细胞形态多样,具有突触伸展特征;分化后的细胞逐渐变为圆形或椭圆形,形成环形脂滴;未分化组细胞形态无明显变化。油红O染色显示,未分化组细胞基本无染色,而分化组中约90%的细胞红染,脂滴分布于细胞核周围,吸光度值显著升高(P<0.05)。分化组解偶联蛋白1(uncoupling protein 1,UCP1)、过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,PPARγ)辅激活因子1α(PPARγco-activator-1α,PGC-1α)、PPARγ和转录因子PRDM16的相对荧光强度和蛋白表达量显著高于未分化组(P<0.05),且线粒体活性增强。结论:本研究成功诱导C3H10T1/2细胞分化为成熟棕色脂肪细胞,结合细胞形态观察、关键蛋白表达检测及线粒体功能分析进行综合评估,证实了细胞的有效分化及成熟棕色脂肪细胞的功能特性。
