Objective:To summarize the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,aiming to provide evidence-based information for clinical nursing staff.Methods:Evidence search was done in Chinese and Englis...Objective:To summarize the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,aiming to provide evidence-based information for clinical nursing staff.Methods:Evidence search was done in Chinese and English databases to guide network and professional associations at home and abroad.The search time limit was from January 2014 to January 2024,nearly 10 years of relevant literature,mainly including guidelines,consensus,expert advice,best practice,evidence summary,system evaluation,and meta-analysis.Literature quality evaluation and evidence extraction were independently performed by two researchers.Results:This paper included 13 articles,including three guidelines,three systematic evaluations,three expert opinions,and four expert consensus.Twenty-six pieces of evidence were summarized from 10 aspects of feeding intolerance definition,team building,nutritional assessment,nutritional preparation,feeding protocol,feeding route,feeding management,pipeline management,gastric residual volume,and drug application.Conclusion:This paper summarized the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,which can provide evidence-based information for clinical practice.The abdominal signs should be closely observed when evaluating feeding intolerance,focusing on the prevention and reduction of feeding interruption.展开更多
BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition(EN)is essential for critically ill patients.However,some patients will have enteral feeding intolerance(EFI)in the process of EN.AIM To develop a clinical prediction model to predict the r...BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition(EN)is essential for critically ill patients.However,some patients will have enteral feeding intolerance(EFI)in the process of EN.AIM To develop a clinical prediction model to predict the risk of EFI in patients receiving EN in the intensive care unit.METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed.The enrolled patients’basic information,medical status,nutritional support,and gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms were recorded.The baseline data and influencing factors were compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to establish the model,and the bootstrap resampling method was used to conduct internal validation.RESULTS The sample cohort included 203 patients,and 37.93%of the patients were diagnosed with EFI.After the final regression analysis,age,GI disease,early feeding,mechanical ventilation before EN started,and abnormal serum sodium were identified.In the internal validation,500 bootstrap resample samples were performed,and the area under the curve was 0.70(95%CI:0.63-0.77).CONCLUSION This clinical prediction model can be applied to predict the risk of EFI.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study was to construct an early warning system(EWS)to facilitate risk assessment,early identification,and appropriate treatment of enteral nutrition feeding intolerance(FI)in patients w...Objective:The objective of this study was to construct an early warning system(EWS)to facilitate risk assessment,early identification,and appropriate treatment of enteral nutrition feeding intolerance(FI)in patients with stroke,so as to provide a reference for risk classification standards and interventions toward a complete EWSs for nursing care of stroke.Materials and Methods:Based on evidence and clinical nursing practice,a structured expert consultation method was adopted on nine experts over two rounds of consultation.Statistical analysis was used to determine the early warning index for FI in patients with stroke.Results:The expert authority coefficient was 0.89;the coefficients of variation for the two rounds of consultation were 0.088-0.312 and 0.096-0.214,respectively.There were significant differences in the Kendall’s concordance coefficient(P<0.05).Finally,22 items in five dimensions of patient age,disease,treatment,biochemical,and enteral nutrition-related factors were identified.Conclusion:The early warning index for FI in patients with a history of stroke is valid and practical.It provides a reference for the early clinical identification of FI risk.展开更多
Background and Objectives:It has been found that ICU patients may encounter various complications during enteral nutrition(EN).Of these,feeding intolerance(FI)is a common issue that often necessitates the reduction or...Background and Objectives:It has been found that ICU patients may encounter various complications during enteral nutrition(EN).Of these,feeding intolerance(FI)is a common issue that often necessitates the reduction or cessation of EN.This study aims to evaluate risk prediction models for feeding intolerance(FI)in critically ill patients receiving EN by searching major public databases.Methods and Study Design:We searched for rele vant studies in Embase,PubMed,Web of Science,Chinese Biomedical Database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data,and cqvip.com up until January 2024.Two researchers inde pendently conducted the screening and data extraction processes,and the quality of the literature was assessed us ing bias risk assessment tools.Results:A total of 13 references were included,and the subjects included patients with sepsis,pancreatitis or cerebral apoplexy;the incidence of FI was 35.2%-49.3%.The studies discussed the predictive performance of various models,with 11 studies reporting on their accuracy and calibration.The mod els demonstrated the area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve or the con cordance index(C-index)between 0.70 and 0.91,sensitivity from 0.81 to 0.93,and specificity from 0.68 to 0.83.Conclusions:There is a critical need for risk prediction models for FI in critically ill patients on EN that are both internally and externally validated and exhibit high performance.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Feeding intolerance(FI)is a common problem in late preterm infants(34 weeks≤gestational age<37 weeks).This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of phentolamine combined with B ...Background and Objectives:Feeding intolerance(FI)is a common problem in late preterm infants(34 weeks≤gestational age<37 weeks).This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of phentolamine combined with B vitamins in treating FI in late preterm infants and to explore its effects on gastrointestinal symptoms,inflammation and complications.Methods and Study Design:We randomly assigned 118 late preterm infants with FI to a treatment group(n=56)or a control group(n=62).The treatment group received intravenous phentolamine and intramuscular B vitamins,whereas the control group received basic treatment only.We measured the time of disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms,the time of basal attainment,the time of hospitalisation,the incidence of complications,the concentrations of inflammatory markers and the overall effective rate of treatment.Results:The treatment group had a shorter duration of gastrointestinal symptoms than did the control group(p<0.01).The treatment group also had lower concentrations of inflammatory markers and a higher overall effective rate than did the control group(p<0.05).There was no difference between the two groups in the time of hospitalisation,basal attainment,weight recovery and the incidence of complications(p>0.05).Conclusions:Phentolamine and B vitamins can reduce gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation in late preterm infants with FI but do not affect the occurrence of complications.展开更多
Objective: to study the effect of developmental care on feeding intolerant preterm infants. Methods: 74 cases of feeding intolerant preterm infants received in our hospital were included, all from March 2019 to Septem...Objective: to study the effect of developmental care on feeding intolerant preterm infants. Methods: 74 cases of feeding intolerant preterm infants received in our hospital were included, all from March 2019 to September 2021. According to the random number table, they were divided into the study group (37 cases, developmental care) and the control group (37 cases, routine care) to observe their nursing effects. Results: compared with the two groups, the children in the study group had shorter start time of swallowing and sucking, time to reach normal body mass, time to reach total intestinal nutrition, longer average daily sleep time, more self milk intake on the first day, the third day, the seventh day and the fourteenth day after starting self milk intake, higher head circumference, height and weight after two months of nursing, higher scores of GMQ, FMQ and TMQ in Peabody motor development scale after one month of nursing, and lower incidence of adverse reactions. The parents satisfaction with nursing was higher, and the comparison between groups was p 0.05. Conclusion: developmental nursing care for feeding intolerant preterm infants can help improve their health status and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions. The application of this intervention method has been praised by many parents of children, and is more valuable than the conventional nursing mode in general.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the effect and satisfaction of comprehensive nursing intervention on breast feeding of infants with feeding intolerance. Methods: 100 newborns with feeding intolerance were selected from October ...Objective: to analyze the effect and satisfaction of comprehensive nursing intervention on breast feeding of infants with feeding intolerance. Methods: 100 newborns with feeding intolerance were selected from October 2019 to November 2020. The control group received routine nursing intervention, while the observation group received comprehensive nursing intervention. Results: the parents of the children in the observation group had a higher degree of satisfaction, and the time for improvement of clinical symptoms and physical fitness was shorter. Conclusion: for the infants with feeding intolerance, the implementation of comprehensive nursing intervention can effectively improve the symptoms of the infants, accelerate the physical growth and ensure the development of the infants during the breast feeding process.展开更多
With the continuous progress of medical care, the survival rate of preterm infants is increasing year by year, and adequate nutrition is crucial for the growth and development of preterm infants. Enteral nutrition (EN...With the continuous progress of medical care, the survival rate of preterm infants is increasing year by year, and adequate nutrition is crucial for the growth and development of preterm infants. Enteral nutrition (EN) is a nutritional support method that provides metabolically required nutrients and various other nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract, which is the best way to supply nutrition to preterm infants. A reasonable EN strategies can help improve the quality of survival, and long-term prognosis of preterm infants. This article summarizes and discusses the literature reports on EN for preterm infants at home and abroad in recent years, and reviews the research progress of EN strategies for preterm infants, personalized feeding programs, and related clinical problems affecting the establishment of EN, to provide reference for clinical work. EN for preterm infants requires the comprehensive use of a variety of research strategies and continuous exploration and innovation to provide better nutritional support for preterm infants and promote their healthy growth.展开更多
Background: Feeding intolerance (FI) among intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing early continuous enteral nutrition (EN) is related to poor outcomes. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors...Background: Feeding intolerance (FI) among intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing early continuous enteral nutrition (EN) is related to poor outcomes. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of FI in ICU patients.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 1057 patients who received early continuous EN via a nasogastric tube between January 2014 and August 2019. The prevalence of FI during the first 7 days of ICU stay was calculated, and the risk factors were investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: The prevalence of FI during the first 7 days of ICU stay was 10.95%. FI occurred in 159 of 1057 (15.04%) patients on ICU day 2, 114 of 977 (11.67%) patients on ICU day 3, and 86 of 715 (12.03%) patients on ICU day 7. Mechanical ventilation (MV) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.928, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.064–3.493,P = 0.03) was an independent risk factor for FI defined by a gastric residual volume (GRV) of 200 mL and/or vomiting, and acute renal failure (OR: 3.445, 95% CI: 1.115–10.707,P = 0.032) was an independent risk factor of FI defined by a GRV of 500 mL and/or vomiting. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was an independent predictor regardless of the FI defined by a GRV of 200 mL (OR: 2.064, 95% CI: 1.233–3.456,P = 0.006) or 500 mL (OR: 6.199, 95% CI: 2.108–18.228,P = 0.001) in the ICU patients.Conclusions: FI occurs frequently in early ICU days, especially in patients receiving MV and CRRT. However, further investigation of a consensus definition of FI and risk factors is still warranted in future studies.展开更多
Background:Glucose control is an important aspect in managing critically ill patients.The goal of this study was to compare the effects of sequential feeding(SF)and continuous feeding(CF)on the blood glucose of critic...Background:Glucose control is an important aspect in managing critically ill patients.The goal of this study was to compare the effects of sequential feeding(SF)and continuous feeding(CF)on the blood glucose of critically ill patients.Methods:A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was adopted in this study.A total of 62 patients who were fed enteral nutritional suspension through gastric tubes were enrolled.After achieving 80%of the nutrition target calories(25 kcal·kg^(-1)·day^(-1))through CF,the patients were then randomly assigned into SF and CF groups.In the SF group,the feeding/fasting time was reasonably determined according to the circadian rhythm of the human body as laid out in traditional Chinese medicine theory.The total daily dosage of the enteral nutritional suspension was equally distributed among three time periods of 7 to 9 o’clock,11 to 13 o’clock,and 17 to 19 o’clock.The enteral nutritional suspension in each time period was pumped at a uniform rate within 2 h by an enteral feeding pump.In the CF group,patients received CF at a constant velocity by an enteral feeding pump throughout the study.Blood glucose values at five points(6:00/11:00/15:00/21:00/1:00)were monitored and recorded for seven consecutive days after randomization.Enteral feeding intolerance was also recorded.Non-inferiority testing was adopted in this study,the chi-square test or Fisher test was used for qualitative data,and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for quantitative data to determine differences between groups.In particular,a repeated measure one-way analysis of variance was used to identify whether changes in glucose value variables across the time points were different between the two groups.Results:There were no significant demographic or physiological differences between the SF and CF groups(P>0.050).The average glucose level in SF was not higher than that in CF(8.8[7.3–10.3]vs.10.7[9.1–12.1]mmol/L,Z=-2.079,P for non-inferiority=0.019).Hyperglycemia incidence of each patient was more common in the CF group than that in the SF group(38.4[19.1–63.7]%vs.11.8[3.0–36.7]%,Z=-2.213,P=0.027).Hypoglycemia was not found in either group.Moreover,there was no significant difference during the 7 days in the incidence of feeding intolerance(P>0.050).Conclusions:In this non-inferiority study,the average blood glucose in SF was not inferior to that in CF.The feeding intolerance in SF was similar to that in CF.SF may be as safe as CF for critically ill patients.展开更多
文摘Objective:To summarize the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,aiming to provide evidence-based information for clinical nursing staff.Methods:Evidence search was done in Chinese and English databases to guide network and professional associations at home and abroad.The search time limit was from January 2014 to January 2024,nearly 10 years of relevant literature,mainly including guidelines,consensus,expert advice,best practice,evidence summary,system evaluation,and meta-analysis.Literature quality evaluation and evidence extraction were independently performed by two researchers.Results:This paper included 13 articles,including three guidelines,three systematic evaluations,three expert opinions,and four expert consensus.Twenty-six pieces of evidence were summarized from 10 aspects of feeding intolerance definition,team building,nutritional assessment,nutritional preparation,feeding protocol,feeding route,feeding management,pipeline management,gastric residual volume,and drug application.Conclusion:This paper summarized the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,which can provide evidence-based information for clinical practice.The abdominal signs should be closely observed when evaluating feeding intolerance,focusing on the prevention and reduction of feeding interruption.
文摘BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition(EN)is essential for critically ill patients.However,some patients will have enteral feeding intolerance(EFI)in the process of EN.AIM To develop a clinical prediction model to predict the risk of EFI in patients receiving EN in the intensive care unit.METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed.The enrolled patients’basic information,medical status,nutritional support,and gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms were recorded.The baseline data and influencing factors were compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to establish the model,and the bootstrap resampling method was used to conduct internal validation.RESULTS The sample cohort included 203 patients,and 37.93%of the patients were diagnosed with EFI.After the final regression analysis,age,GI disease,early feeding,mechanical ventilation before EN started,and abnormal serum sodium were identified.In the internal validation,500 bootstrap resample samples were performed,and the area under the curve was 0.70(95%CI:0.63-0.77).CONCLUSION This clinical prediction model can be applied to predict the risk of EFI.
基金supported by the Young Teacher Project of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.:2018-JYB-JS155).
文摘Objective:The objective of this study was to construct an early warning system(EWS)to facilitate risk assessment,early identification,and appropriate treatment of enteral nutrition feeding intolerance(FI)in patients with stroke,so as to provide a reference for risk classification standards and interventions toward a complete EWSs for nursing care of stroke.Materials and Methods:Based on evidence and clinical nursing practice,a structured expert consultation method was adopted on nine experts over two rounds of consultation.Statistical analysis was used to determine the early warning index for FI in patients with stroke.Results:The expert authority coefficient was 0.89;the coefficients of variation for the two rounds of consultation were 0.088-0.312 and 0.096-0.214,respectively.There were significant differences in the Kendall’s concordance coefficient(P<0.05).Finally,22 items in five dimensions of patient age,disease,treatment,biochemical,and enteral nutrition-related factors were identified.Conclusion:The early warning index for FI in patients with a history of stroke is valid and practical.It provides a reference for the early clinical identification of FI risk.
基金supported by the Research and Development Program of Chuanbei Medical College(CBY23-QNA17)Nan chong City,Sichuan Province.
文摘Background and Objectives:It has been found that ICU patients may encounter various complications during enteral nutrition(EN).Of these,feeding intolerance(FI)is a common issue that often necessitates the reduction or cessation of EN.This study aims to evaluate risk prediction models for feeding intolerance(FI)in critically ill patients receiving EN by searching major public databases.Methods and Study Design:We searched for rele vant studies in Embase,PubMed,Web of Science,Chinese Biomedical Database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data,and cqvip.com up until January 2024.Two researchers inde pendently conducted the screening and data extraction processes,and the quality of the literature was assessed us ing bias risk assessment tools.Results:A total of 13 references were included,and the subjects included patients with sepsis,pancreatitis or cerebral apoplexy;the incidence of FI was 35.2%-49.3%.The studies discussed the predictive performance of various models,with 11 studies reporting on their accuracy and calibration.The mod els demonstrated the area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve or the con cordance index(C-index)between 0.70 and 0.91,sensitivity from 0.81 to 0.93,and specificity from 0.68 to 0.83.Conclusions:There is a critical need for risk prediction models for FI in critically ill patients on EN that are both internally and externally validated and exhibit high performance.
基金Baoding Science and Technology Plan Project(Project No.2241ZF259).
文摘Background and Objectives:Feeding intolerance(FI)is a common problem in late preterm infants(34 weeks≤gestational age<37 weeks).This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of phentolamine combined with B vitamins in treating FI in late preterm infants and to explore its effects on gastrointestinal symptoms,inflammation and complications.Methods and Study Design:We randomly assigned 118 late preterm infants with FI to a treatment group(n=56)or a control group(n=62).The treatment group received intravenous phentolamine and intramuscular B vitamins,whereas the control group received basic treatment only.We measured the time of disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms,the time of basal attainment,the time of hospitalisation,the incidence of complications,the concentrations of inflammatory markers and the overall effective rate of treatment.Results:The treatment group had a shorter duration of gastrointestinal symptoms than did the control group(p<0.01).The treatment group also had lower concentrations of inflammatory markers and a higher overall effective rate than did the control group(p<0.05).There was no difference between the two groups in the time of hospitalisation,basal attainment,weight recovery and the incidence of complications(p>0.05).Conclusions:Phentolamine and B vitamins can reduce gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation in late preterm infants with FI but do not affect the occurrence of complications.
文摘Objective: to study the effect of developmental care on feeding intolerant preterm infants. Methods: 74 cases of feeding intolerant preterm infants received in our hospital were included, all from March 2019 to September 2021. According to the random number table, they were divided into the study group (37 cases, developmental care) and the control group (37 cases, routine care) to observe their nursing effects. Results: compared with the two groups, the children in the study group had shorter start time of swallowing and sucking, time to reach normal body mass, time to reach total intestinal nutrition, longer average daily sleep time, more self milk intake on the first day, the third day, the seventh day and the fourteenth day after starting self milk intake, higher head circumference, height and weight after two months of nursing, higher scores of GMQ, FMQ and TMQ in Peabody motor development scale after one month of nursing, and lower incidence of adverse reactions. The parents satisfaction with nursing was higher, and the comparison between groups was p 0.05. Conclusion: developmental nursing care for feeding intolerant preterm infants can help improve their health status and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions. The application of this intervention method has been praised by many parents of children, and is more valuable than the conventional nursing mode in general.
文摘Objective: to analyze the effect and satisfaction of comprehensive nursing intervention on breast feeding of infants with feeding intolerance. Methods: 100 newborns with feeding intolerance were selected from October 2019 to November 2020. The control group received routine nursing intervention, while the observation group received comprehensive nursing intervention. Results: the parents of the children in the observation group had a higher degree of satisfaction, and the time for improvement of clinical symptoms and physical fitness was shorter. Conclusion: for the infants with feeding intolerance, the implementation of comprehensive nursing intervention can effectively improve the symptoms of the infants, accelerate the physical growth and ensure the development of the infants during the breast feeding process.
文摘With the continuous progress of medical care, the survival rate of preterm infants is increasing year by year, and adequate nutrition is crucial for the growth and development of preterm infants. Enteral nutrition (EN) is a nutritional support method that provides metabolically required nutrients and various other nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract, which is the best way to supply nutrition to preterm infants. A reasonable EN strategies can help improve the quality of survival, and long-term prognosis of preterm infants. This article summarizes and discusses the literature reports on EN for preterm infants at home and abroad in recent years, and reviews the research progress of EN strategies for preterm infants, personalized feeding programs, and related clinical problems affecting the establishment of EN, to provide reference for clinical work. EN for preterm infants requires the comprehensive use of a variety of research strategies and continuous exploration and innovation to provide better nutritional support for preterm infants and promote their healthy growth.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No. 3332019040)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No. 2020YFC0841300)。
文摘Background: Feeding intolerance (FI) among intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing early continuous enteral nutrition (EN) is related to poor outcomes. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of FI in ICU patients.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 1057 patients who received early continuous EN via a nasogastric tube between January 2014 and August 2019. The prevalence of FI during the first 7 days of ICU stay was calculated, and the risk factors were investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: The prevalence of FI during the first 7 days of ICU stay was 10.95%. FI occurred in 159 of 1057 (15.04%) patients on ICU day 2, 114 of 977 (11.67%) patients on ICU day 3, and 86 of 715 (12.03%) patients on ICU day 7. Mechanical ventilation (MV) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.928, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.064–3.493,P = 0.03) was an independent risk factor for FI defined by a gastric residual volume (GRV) of 200 mL and/or vomiting, and acute renal failure (OR: 3.445, 95% CI: 1.115–10.707,P = 0.032) was an independent risk factor of FI defined by a GRV of 500 mL and/or vomiting. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was an independent predictor regardless of the FI defined by a GRV of 200 mL (OR: 2.064, 95% CI: 1.233–3.456,P = 0.006) or 500 mL (OR: 6.199, 95% CI: 2.108–18.228,P = 0.001) in the ICU patients.Conclusions: FI occurs frequently in early ICU days, especially in patients receiving MV and CRRT. However, further investigation of a consensus definition of FI and risk factors is still warranted in future studies.
文摘Background:Glucose control is an important aspect in managing critically ill patients.The goal of this study was to compare the effects of sequential feeding(SF)and continuous feeding(CF)on the blood glucose of critically ill patients.Methods:A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was adopted in this study.A total of 62 patients who were fed enteral nutritional suspension through gastric tubes were enrolled.After achieving 80%of the nutrition target calories(25 kcal·kg^(-1)·day^(-1))through CF,the patients were then randomly assigned into SF and CF groups.In the SF group,the feeding/fasting time was reasonably determined according to the circadian rhythm of the human body as laid out in traditional Chinese medicine theory.The total daily dosage of the enteral nutritional suspension was equally distributed among three time periods of 7 to 9 o’clock,11 to 13 o’clock,and 17 to 19 o’clock.The enteral nutritional suspension in each time period was pumped at a uniform rate within 2 h by an enteral feeding pump.In the CF group,patients received CF at a constant velocity by an enteral feeding pump throughout the study.Blood glucose values at five points(6:00/11:00/15:00/21:00/1:00)were monitored and recorded for seven consecutive days after randomization.Enteral feeding intolerance was also recorded.Non-inferiority testing was adopted in this study,the chi-square test or Fisher test was used for qualitative data,and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for quantitative data to determine differences between groups.In particular,a repeated measure one-way analysis of variance was used to identify whether changes in glucose value variables across the time points were different between the two groups.Results:There were no significant demographic or physiological differences between the SF and CF groups(P>0.050).The average glucose level in SF was not higher than that in CF(8.8[7.3–10.3]vs.10.7[9.1–12.1]mmol/L,Z=-2.079,P for non-inferiority=0.019).Hyperglycemia incidence of each patient was more common in the CF group than that in the SF group(38.4[19.1–63.7]%vs.11.8[3.0–36.7]%,Z=-2.213,P=0.027).Hypoglycemia was not found in either group.Moreover,there was no significant difference during the 7 days in the incidence of feeding intolerance(P>0.050).Conclusions:In this non-inferiority study,the average blood glucose in SF was not inferior to that in CF.The feeding intolerance in SF was similar to that in CF.SF may be as safe as CF for critically ill patients.
