BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum dep...BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.展开更多
The equation used to model the unidirectional flow of methane gas in coal seams is usually formulated as a nonlinear partial differential equation, which needs to be solved numerically with a computer program.Neverthe...The equation used to model the unidirectional flow of methane gas in coal seams is usually formulated as a nonlinear partial differential equation, which needs to be solved numerically with a computer program.Nevertheless, for people without access to the computer program, the conventional numerical method may be inconvenient. Thus, the objective here is to seek some method simpler than the conventional one for solving the flow problem. A commonly used model of the unidirectional methane gas flow is considered, where the methane adsorption is described by the Langmuir isotherm and the free gas is treated as real gas. By introducing the similarity solution, a simple method for solving the flow model is proposed, which can be done on a hand calculator. It is shown by two examples that the gas pressure profile obtained by the proposed method agrees well with the direct numerical solution of the flow model.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of structure design in reverse-design of mechanism, a structure mapping method based on reverse solving of locus and motion （RSLM） is presented. The mechanism scheme meeting the requirements of...Aiming at the problem of structure design in reverse-design of mechanism, a structure mapping method based on reverse solving of locus and motion （RSLM） is presented. The mechanism scheme meeting the requirements of geometric and structural features is obtained through RSLM. The element instance subsets related to component are established based on the element type mapping, pair structure type mapping and design knowledge mapping between components and elements layer by layer. The assembly position mapping of elements is established based on the topological structure information of mechanism scheme, and the product modeling of structure mapping is realized. The algorithm program and prototype system of product structure mapping based on RSLM are developed. Application samples show that the method implements the integration of scheme design, assembly design and structure design, and modeling for product structure mapping based on RSLM. The feasibility of assembly is analyzed in scheme design that contributes to reducing the design error, and raising the design efficiency and quality.展开更多
This paper introduces a method for solving DOA estimation ambiguity in ESPRIT algorithm with the conventional beamformer. With the help of it, for any space of two subarrays, the signal DOA in [-π/2 ,π/2] can be est...This paper introduces a method for solving DOA estimation ambiguity in ESPRIT algorithm with the conventional beamformer. With the help of it, for any space of two subarrays, the signal DOA in [-π/2 ,π/2] can be estimated effectively by using ESPRIT algorithm. Finally, some simulation results to verify the theoretical analyses are presented.展开更多
This paper applies genetic simulated annealing algorithm (SAGA) to solving geometric constraint problems. This method makes full use of the advantages of SAGA and can handle under-/over- constraint problems naturally....This paper applies genetic simulated annealing algorithm (SAGA) to solving geometric constraint problems. This method makes full use of the advantages of SAGA and can handle under-/over- constraint problems naturally. It has advantages (due to its not being sensitive to the initial values) over the Newton-Raphson method, and its yielding of multiple solutions, is an advantage over other optimal methods for multi-solution constraint system. Our experiments have proved the robustness and efficiency of this method.展开更多
A new efficient coupling relationship description method has been developed to provide an automated and visualized way to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) modeling and solving. The disciplinary relation mat...A new efficient coupling relationship description method has been developed to provide an automated and visualized way to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) modeling and solving. The disciplinary relation matrix (DRM) is proposed to describe the coupling relationship according to disciplinary input/output variables, and the MDO definition has been reformulated to adopt the new interfaces. Based on these, a universal MDO solving procedure is proposed to establish an automated and efficient way for MDO modeling and solving. Through a simple and convenient initial configuration, MDO problems can be solved using any of available MDO architectures with no further effort. Several examples are used to verify the proposed MDO modeling and solving process. Result shows that the DRM method has the ability to simplify and automate the MDO procedure, and the related MDO framework can evaluate the MDO problem automatically and efficiently.展开更多
The platform scheduling problem in battlefield is one of the important problems in military operational research.It needs to minimize mission completing time and meanwhile maximize the mission completing accuracy with...The platform scheduling problem in battlefield is one of the important problems in military operational research.It needs to minimize mission completing time and meanwhile maximize the mission completing accuracy with a limited number of platforms.Though the traditional certain models obtain some good results,uncertain model is still needed to be introduced since the battlefield environment is complex and unstable.An uncertain model is prposed for the platform scheduling problem.Related parameters in this model are set to be fuzzy or stochastic.Due to the inherent disadvantage of the solving methods for traditional models,a new method is proposed to solve the uncertain model.Finally,the practicability and availability of the proposed method are demonstrated with a case of joint campaign.展开更多
In a number of species,males and females have different ecological roles and therefore might be required to solve different problems.Studies on humans have suggested that the 2 sexes often show different efficiencies ...In a number of species,males and females have different ecological roles and therefore might be required to solve different problems.Studies on humans have suggested that the 2 sexes often show different efficiencies in problem solving tasks;similarly,evidence of sex differences has been found in 2 other mammalian species.Here,we assessed whether a teleost fish species,the guppy.Poecilia reticulata,displays sex differences in the ability to solve problems.In Experiment 1,guppies had to learn to dislodge a disc that occluded a feeder from which they had been previously accustomed to feed.In Experiment 2,guppies had to solve a version of the detour task that required them to learn to enter a transparent cylinder from the open sides to reach a food reward previously freely available.We found evidence of sex differences in both problem-solvingi tasks.In Experiment 1,females clearly outperformed males,and in Experiment 2,guppies showed a reversed but smaller sex difference.This study indicates that sex differences may play an important role in fish's problem-solving similar to what has previously been observed in some mammalian species.展开更多
Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the ...Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the efficiency and quality of the problem solving process for conceptual design. AD is used for systematically defining and structuring a problem into a hierarchy. Sometimes, the design matrix is coupled in AD which indicates the functional requirements are coupled. TRIZ separation principles can be used to separate non-independent design parameters, which provide innovative solutions at each hierarchical level. We applied the integrated model to the heating and drying equipment of bitumen reproduction device. The result verifies that the integrated model can work very well in conceptual design.展开更多
Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavio...Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavior offers a new perspective to better understand how nurses promote learning from near misses to improve organizational outcomes.This study aimed to explore frontline nurses’perspectives on using second-order problem solving behavior in learning from near misses to improve patient safety.Methods:A qualitative exploratory study design was employed.This study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in east China from June to November 2015.Purposive sampling was used to recruit 19 frontline nurses.Semi-structured interviews and a qualitative directed content analysis was undertaken using Crossan’s 4I Framework of Organizational Learning as a coding framework.Results:Second-order problem solving behavior,based on the 4I Framework of Organizational Learning,was referred to as being a leader in exposing near misses,pushing forward the cause analysis within limited capacity,balancing the active and passive role during improvement project,and promoting the continuous improvement with passion while feeling low-powered.Conclusions:4I Framework of Organizational Learning can be an underlying guide to enrich frontline nurses’role in promoting organizations to learn from near misses.In this study,nurses displayed their pivotal role in organizational learning from near misses by using second-order problem solving.However,additional knowledge,skills,and support are needed to maximize the application of second-order problem solving behavior when near misses are recognized.展开更多
In the process of solving Euler vectors based on GNSS horizontal movement field,the number of estimated parameters can affect Euler vector results. This issue is analyzed through theoretical deduction and practical ex...In the process of solving Euler vectors based on GNSS horizontal movement field,the number of estimated parameters can affect Euler vector results. This issue is analyzed through theoretical deduction and practical example in this paper. Firstly,the difference between the results of Euler vectors in different solving models is deduced. Meanwhile, based on GNSS horizontal movement field in the Chinese mainland from 2004 to 2007,two common models( RRM and REHSM) are used to discuss the impact of solving models on Euler vectors and the follow-up study. The result shows that the maximum value of the difference in a block's entire rotation can reach 2. 6mm /a,and should not be ignored. Therefore,the results of horizontal movement are different using different kinematic block models,and this should be paid more attention in the analysis of crustal horizontal movement.展开更多
An accurate and rapid method for solving radiative transfer equation is presented in this paper. According to the fact that the multiple scattering component of radiance is less sensitive to the error of phase functio...An accurate and rapid method for solving radiative transfer equation is presented in this paper. According to the fact that the multiple scattering component of radiance is less sensitive to the error of phase function than the single scattering component is,we calculate the multiple scattering component by using delta-Eddington approximation and the single scattering component by solving radiative transfer equation. On the ground, when multiple sattering component is small, for example, when the total optical depth T is small, the accurate radiance can be obtained with this method. For the need of the space remote sensing, the upward radiance at the top of the atmosphere is mainly studied, and an approximate expression is presented to correct the multiple scattering component. Compared with the more precise Gauss-Seidel method.the results from this method show an accuracy of better than 10% when zenith angle 0 < 50 掳 and T < 1. The computational speed of this method is, however, much faster than that of Gauss-Seidel method.展开更多
We describe a system called CFLP which aims at the integration of the best features of functional logic programming (FLP), cooperative constraint solving (CCS), and distributed computing. FLP provides support for defi...We describe a system called CFLP which aims at the integration of the best features of functional logic programming (FLP), cooperative constraint solving (CCS), and distributed computing. FLP provides support for defining one's own abstractions over a constraint domain in an easy and comfortable way, whereas CCS is employed to solve systems of mixed constraints by iterating specialized constraint solving methods in accordance with a well defined strategy. The system is a distributed implementation of a cooperative constraint functional logic programming scheme that combines higher order lazy narrowing with cooperative constraint solving. The model takes advantage of the existence of several constraint solving resources located in a distributed environment (e.g., a network of computers), which communicate asynchronously via message passing. To increase the openness of the system, we are redesigning CFLP based on CORBA. We discuss some design and implementation issues of the system.展开更多
This paper looks at student's view of the usefulness of a problem solving and programming module in the first year of a 3-year undergraduate program.The School of Science and Technology,University of Northampton,U...This paper looks at student's view of the usefulness of a problem solving and programming module in the first year of a 3-year undergraduate program.The School of Science and Technology,University of Northampton,UK has been investigating,over the last seven years the teaching of problem solving.Including looking at whether a more visual approach has any benefits(the visual programming includes both 2-d and graphical user interfaces).Whilst the authors have discussed the subject problem solving and programming in the past [1] this paper considers the students perspective from research collected/collated by a student researcher under a new initiative within the University.All students interviewed either had completed the module within the two years of the survey or were completing the problem-solving module in their first year.展开更多
The problem solving competency is the primary goal in all mathematics education curricula. It is acquired by solving mathematical problems belonging either to routine or non-routine category. The study describes the p...The problem solving competency is the primary goal in all mathematics education curricula. It is acquired by solving mathematical problems belonging either to routine or non-routine category. The study describes the post-secondary students’ levels of proficiency in solving non-routine math problems. The three-stage process in solving mathematics problems by Mayer was used as the frame of analysis. Using the data generated from researcher made instruments, and semi-structured interview of 50 purposively selected participants, the study found that: Majority of the participants showed “good proficiency” in “problem representation” and “problem solving”, the real world problems in Math. It is also revealed that those who are good in problem representation phase are also good in problem solution phase. In general, participants do not always consider answer verification phase as important in the process of solving real world problems in math. The most common difficulties encountered by participants are: language inadequacy and unfamiliarity with the context of the problems. The researchers recommended that the same study be done in some other context and local and if the results are consistent with this study, may consider redesigning new curriculum in post-secondary mathematics education.展开更多
Aim: Nurses must develop good problem-solving skills (PSS) to work in the complex health care environment. This study explored PHNs’ use of analogy in PSS development. The purposes of the study were to clarify how PS...Aim: Nurses must develop good problem-solving skills (PSS) to work in the complex health care environment. This study explored PHNs’ use of analogy in PSS development. The purposes of the study were to clarify how PSS developed in one area (i.e., mental health) could be applied to another area (i.e., maternal health) and whether new PSS could develop in response to PSS gained in another area. Methods: A multiple case study was conducted using interviews. We interviewed 27 consultations from eight Japanese PHNs who consulted in mental health departments before transferring to maternal health departments. The data on how PHNs applied PSS in the selection, mapping, evaluation, and learning stages of the analogy process were extracted from transcribed interviewed data and compared. Results: PHNs provided 59 PSS used in 27 consultations. All PHNs applied past mental health PSS to solve new problems in maternal health. They tended to select past PSS based on structural similarity and to apply PSS via low-level abstraction in serious situations or preventively to avoid causing the current situation to worsen. Notably, PHNs developed maternal health PSS by using past mental health PSS;these new PSS were derived through analogy from various failures and successes. Conclusions: PSS developed in one area can be applied in another area, and new PSS can develop through applying these previous PSS. Identification of structural similarities and preventive analogies must be included in nursing education, especially for nurses working in public health fields.展开更多
We propose a continuous analogy of Newton’s method with inner iteration for solving a system of linear algebraic equations. Implementation of inner iterations is carried out in two ways. The former is to fix the numb...We propose a continuous analogy of Newton’s method with inner iteration for solving a system of linear algebraic equations. Implementation of inner iterations is carried out in two ways. The former is to fix the number of inner iterations in advance. The latter is to use the inexact Newton method for solution of the linear system of equations that arises at each stage of outer iterations. We give some new choices of iteration parameter and of forcing term, that ensure the convergence of iterations. The performance and efficiency of the proposed iteration is illustrated by numerical examples that represent a wide range of typical systems.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.
基金provided by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘The equation used to model the unidirectional flow of methane gas in coal seams is usually formulated as a nonlinear partial differential equation, which needs to be solved numerically with a computer program.Nevertheless, for people without access to the computer program, the conventional numerical method may be inconvenient. Thus, the objective here is to seek some method simpler than the conventional one for solving the flow problem. A commonly used model of the unidirectional methane gas flow is considered, where the methane adsorption is described by the Langmuir isotherm and the free gas is treated as real gas. By introducing the similarity solution, a simple method for solving the flow model is proposed, which can be done on a hand calculator. It is shown by two examples that the gas pressure profile obtained by the proposed method agrees well with the direct numerical solution of the flow model.
基金This project is supported by National Hi-tech Research Development Program of China(863 Program,No.2006AA04ZlI4)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(No.20040335060)Zhejiang Provincial Scientific Personnel Educational Foundation,China(No.R603240).
文摘Aiming at the problem of structure design in reverse-design of mechanism, a structure mapping method based on reverse solving of locus and motion （RSLM） is presented. The mechanism scheme meeting the requirements of geometric and structural features is obtained through RSLM. The element instance subsets related to component are established based on the element type mapping, pair structure type mapping and design knowledge mapping between components and elements layer by layer. The assembly position mapping of elements is established based on the topological structure information of mechanism scheme, and the product modeling of structure mapping is realized. The algorithm program and prototype system of product structure mapping based on RSLM are developed. Application samples show that the method implements the integration of scheme design, assembly design and structure design, and modeling for product structure mapping based on RSLM. The feasibility of assembly is analyzed in scheme design that contributes to reducing the design error, and raising the design efficiency and quality.
文摘This paper introduces a method for solving DOA estimation ambiguity in ESPRIT algorithm with the conventional beamformer. With the help of it, for any space of two subarrays, the signal DOA in [-π/2 ,π/2] can be estimated effectively by using ESPRIT algorithm. Finally, some simulation results to verify the theoretical analyses are presented.
文摘This paper applies genetic simulated annealing algorithm (SAGA) to solving geometric constraint problems. This method makes full use of the advantages of SAGA and can handle under-/over- constraint problems naturally. It has advantages (due to its not being sensitive to the initial values) over the Newton-Raphson method, and its yielding of multiple solutions, is an advantage over other optimal methods for multi-solution constraint system. Our experiments have proved the robustness and efficiency of this method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51505385)Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation(SAST2015010)the Defense Basic Research Program(JCKY2016204B102)
文摘A new efficient coupling relationship description method has been developed to provide an automated and visualized way to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) modeling and solving. The disciplinary relation matrix (DRM) is proposed to describe the coupling relationship according to disciplinary input/output variables, and the MDO definition has been reformulated to adopt the new interfaces. Based on these, a universal MDO solving procedure is proposed to establish an automated and efficient way for MDO modeling and solving. Through a simple and convenient initial configuration, MDO problems can be solved using any of available MDO architectures with no further effort. Several examples are used to verify the proposed MDO modeling and solving process. Result shows that the DRM method has the ability to simplify and automate the MDO procedure, and the related MDO framework can evaluate the MDO problem automatically and efficiently.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61573017)
文摘The platform scheduling problem in battlefield is one of the important problems in military operational research.It needs to minimize mission completing time and meanwhile maximize the mission completing accuracy with a limited number of platforms.Though the traditional certain models obtain some good results,uncertain model is still needed to be introduced since the battlefield environment is complex and unstable.An uncertain model is prposed for the platform scheduling problem.Related parameters in this model are set to be fuzzy or stochastic.Due to the inherent disadvantage of the solving methods for traditional models,a new method is proposed to solve the uncertain model.Finally,the practicability and availability of the proposed method are demonstrated with a case of joint campaign.
基金Funding was provided by PRIN 2015 Grant(prot.:2015FFATB7)to A.B.from Ministero dell'Istruzione,Universita e Ricerca(M IUR,Italy)FIR2018 and FAR2018 grants to T.L.X.from University of Ferrara.
文摘In a number of species,males and females have different ecological roles and therefore might be required to solve different problems.Studies on humans have suggested that the 2 sexes often show different efficiencies in problem solving tasks;similarly,evidence of sex differences has been found in 2 other mammalian species.Here,we assessed whether a teleost fish species,the guppy.Poecilia reticulata,displays sex differences in the ability to solve problems.In Experiment 1,guppies had to learn to dislodge a disc that occluded a feeder from which they had been previously accustomed to feed.In Experiment 2,guppies had to solve a version of the detour task that required them to learn to enter a transparent cylinder from the open sides to reach a food reward previously freely available.We found evidence of sex differences in both problem-solvingi tasks.In Experiment 1,females clearly outperformed males,and in Experiment 2,guppies showed a reversed but smaller sex difference.This study indicates that sex differences may play an important role in fish's problem-solving similar to what has previously been observed in some mammalian species.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50575083)
文摘Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the efficiency and quality of the problem solving process for conceptual design. AD is used for systematically defining and structuring a problem into a hierarchy. Sometimes, the design matrix is coupled in AD which indicates the functional requirements are coupled. TRIZ separation principles can be used to separate non-independent design parameters, which provide innovative solutions at each hierarchical level. We applied the integrated model to the heating and drying equipment of bitumen reproduction device. The result verifies that the integrated model can work very well in conceptual design.
文摘Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavior offers a new perspective to better understand how nurses promote learning from near misses to improve organizational outcomes.This study aimed to explore frontline nurses’perspectives on using second-order problem solving behavior in learning from near misses to improve patient safety.Methods:A qualitative exploratory study design was employed.This study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in east China from June to November 2015.Purposive sampling was used to recruit 19 frontline nurses.Semi-structured interviews and a qualitative directed content analysis was undertaken using Crossan’s 4I Framework of Organizational Learning as a coding framework.Results:Second-order problem solving behavior,based on the 4I Framework of Organizational Learning,was referred to as being a leader in exposing near misses,pushing forward the cause analysis within limited capacity,balancing the active and passive role during improvement project,and promoting the continuous improvement with passion while feeling low-powered.Conclusions:4I Framework of Organizational Learning can be an underlying guide to enrich frontline nurses’role in promoting organizations to learn from near misses.In this study,nurses displayed their pivotal role in organizational learning from near misses by using second-order problem solving.However,additional knowledge,skills,and support are needed to maximize the application of second-order problem solving behavior when near misses are recognized.
基金sponsored by the Special Earthquake Research Project Granted by the China Earthquake Administration(201308009,201208006)
文摘In the process of solving Euler vectors based on GNSS horizontal movement field,the number of estimated parameters can affect Euler vector results. This issue is analyzed through theoretical deduction and practical example in this paper. Firstly,the difference between the results of Euler vectors in different solving models is deduced. Meanwhile, based on GNSS horizontal movement field in the Chinese mainland from 2004 to 2007,two common models( RRM and REHSM) are used to discuss the impact of solving models on Euler vectors and the follow-up study. The result shows that the maximum value of the difference in a block's entire rotation can reach 2. 6mm /a,and should not be ignored. Therefore,the results of horizontal movement are different using different kinematic block models,and this should be paid more attention in the analysis of crustal horizontal movement.
文摘An accurate and rapid method for solving radiative transfer equation is presented in this paper. According to the fact that the multiple scattering component of radiance is less sensitive to the error of phase function than the single scattering component is,we calculate the multiple scattering component by using delta-Eddington approximation and the single scattering component by solving radiative transfer equation. On the ground, when multiple sattering component is small, for example, when the total optical depth T is small, the accurate radiance can be obtained with this method. For the need of the space remote sensing, the upward radiance at the top of the atmosphere is mainly studied, and an approximate expression is presented to correct the multiple scattering component. Compared with the more precise Gauss-Seidel method.the results from this method show an accuracy of better than 10% when zenith angle 0 < 50 掳 and T < 1. The computational speed of this method is, however, much faster than that of Gauss-Seidel method.
基金Supported in part by the Ministry of EducationCulture+2 种基金SportsScience and TechnologyGrant-in-Aid for Scien-tific Research (B)
文摘We describe a system called CFLP which aims at the integration of the best features of functional logic programming (FLP), cooperative constraint solving (CCS), and distributed computing. FLP provides support for defining one's own abstractions over a constraint domain in an easy and comfortable way, whereas CCS is employed to solve systems of mixed constraints by iterating specialized constraint solving methods in accordance with a well defined strategy. The system is a distributed implementation of a cooperative constraint functional logic programming scheme that combines higher order lazy narrowing with cooperative constraint solving. The model takes advantage of the existence of several constraint solving resources located in a distributed environment (e.g., a network of computers), which communicate asynchronously via message passing. To increase the openness of the system, we are redesigning CFLP based on CORBA. We discuss some design and implementation issues of the system.
文摘This paper looks at student's view of the usefulness of a problem solving and programming module in the first year of a 3-year undergraduate program.The School of Science and Technology,University of Northampton,UK has been investigating,over the last seven years the teaching of problem solving.Including looking at whether a more visual approach has any benefits(the visual programming includes both 2-d and graphical user interfaces).Whilst the authors have discussed the subject problem solving and programming in the past [1] this paper considers the students perspective from research collected/collated by a student researcher under a new initiative within the University.All students interviewed either had completed the module within the two years of the survey or were completing the problem-solving module in their first year.
文摘The problem solving competency is the primary goal in all mathematics education curricula. It is acquired by solving mathematical problems belonging either to routine or non-routine category. The study describes the post-secondary students’ levels of proficiency in solving non-routine math problems. The three-stage process in solving mathematics problems by Mayer was used as the frame of analysis. Using the data generated from researcher made instruments, and semi-structured interview of 50 purposively selected participants, the study found that: Majority of the participants showed “good proficiency” in “problem representation” and “problem solving”, the real world problems in Math. It is also revealed that those who are good in problem representation phase are also good in problem solution phase. In general, participants do not always consider answer verification phase as important in the process of solving real world problems in math. The most common difficulties encountered by participants are: language inadequacy and unfamiliarity with the context of the problems. The researchers recommended that the same study be done in some other context and local and if the results are consistent with this study, may consider redesigning new curriculum in post-secondary mathematics education.
文摘Aim: Nurses must develop good problem-solving skills (PSS) to work in the complex health care environment. This study explored PHNs’ use of analogy in PSS development. The purposes of the study were to clarify how PSS developed in one area (i.e., mental health) could be applied to another area (i.e., maternal health) and whether new PSS could develop in response to PSS gained in another area. Methods: A multiple case study was conducted using interviews. We interviewed 27 consultations from eight Japanese PHNs who consulted in mental health departments before transferring to maternal health departments. The data on how PHNs applied PSS in the selection, mapping, evaluation, and learning stages of the analogy process were extracted from transcribed interviewed data and compared. Results: PHNs provided 59 PSS used in 27 consultations. All PHNs applied past mental health PSS to solve new problems in maternal health. They tended to select past PSS based on structural similarity and to apply PSS via low-level abstraction in serious situations or preventively to avoid causing the current situation to worsen. Notably, PHNs developed maternal health PSS by using past mental health PSS;these new PSS were derived through analogy from various failures and successes. Conclusions: PSS developed in one area can be applied in another area, and new PSS can develop through applying these previous PSS. Identification of structural similarities and preventive analogies must be included in nursing education, especially for nurses working in public health fields.
文摘We propose a continuous analogy of Newton’s method with inner iteration for solving a system of linear algebraic equations. Implementation of inner iterations is carried out in two ways. The former is to fix the number of inner iterations in advance. The latter is to use the inexact Newton method for solution of the linear system of equations that arises at each stage of outer iterations. We give some new choices of iteration parameter and of forcing term, that ensure the convergence of iterations. The performance and efficiency of the proposed iteration is illustrated by numerical examples that represent a wide range of typical systems.
