Coronary artery disease is a highly lethal cardiovascular condition,making early diagnosis crucial for patients.Echocardiograph is employed to identify coronary heart disease(CHD).However,due to issues such as fuzzy o...Coronary artery disease is a highly lethal cardiovascular condition,making early diagnosis crucial for patients.Echocardiograph is employed to identify coronary heart disease(CHD).However,due to issues such as fuzzy object boundaries,complex tissue structures,and motion artifacts in ultrasound images,it is challenging to detect CHD accurately.This paper proposes an improved Transformer model based on the Feedback Self-Attention Mechanism(FSAM)for classification of ultrasound images.The model enhances attention weights,making it easier to capture complex features.Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high levels of accuracy,recall,precision,F1 score,and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(72.3%,79.5%,82.0%,81.0%,and 0.73%,respectively).The proposed model was compared with widely used models,including convolutional neural network and visual Transformer model,and the results show that our model outperforms others in the above evaluation metrics.In conclusion,the proposed model provides a promising approach for diagnosing CHD using echocardiogram.展开更多
Curvature lines are special and important curves on surfaces.It is of great significance to construct developable surface interpolated on curvature lines in engineering applications.In this paper,the shape optimizatio...Curvature lines are special and important curves on surfaces.It is of great significance to construct developable surface interpolated on curvature lines in engineering applications.In this paper,the shape optimization of generalized cubic ball developable surface interpolated on the curvature line is studied by using the improved reptile search algorithm.Firstly,based on the curvature line of generalized cubic ball curve with shape adjustable,this paper gives the construction method of SGC-Ball developable surface interpolated on the curve.Secondly,the feedback mechanism,adaptive parameters and mutation strategy are introduced into the reptile search algorithm,and the Feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm effectively improves the solving precision.On IEEE congress on evolutionary computation 2014,2017,2019 and four engineering design problems,the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is compared with other representative methods,and the result indicates that the solution performance of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is competitive.At last,taking the minimum energy as the evaluation index,the shape optimization model of SGC-Ball interpolation developable surface is established.The developable surface with the minimum energy is achieved with the help of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm,and the comparison experiment verifies the superiority of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm for the shape optimization problem.展开更多
Vehicle tracking plays a crucial role in intelligent transportation, autonomous driving, and video surveillance. However, challenges such as occlusion, multi-target interference, and nonlinear motion in dynamic scenar...Vehicle tracking plays a crucial role in intelligent transportation, autonomous driving, and video surveillance. However, challenges such as occlusion, multi-target interference, and nonlinear motion in dynamic scenarios make tracking accuracy and stability a focus of ongoing research. This paper proposes an integrated method combining YOLOv8 object detection with adaptive Kalman filtering. The approach employs a support vector machine (SVM) to dynamically select the optimal filter (including standard Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter, and unscented Kalman filter), enhancing the system’s adaptability to different motion patterns. Additionally, an error feedback mechanism is incorporated to dynamically adjust filter parameters, further improving responsiveness to sudden events. Experimental results on the KITTI and UA-DETRAC datasets demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves detection accuracy (mAP@0.5 increased by approximately 3%), tracking accuracy (MOTA improved by 5%), and system robustness, providing an efficient solution for vehicle tracking in complex environments.展开更多
[Objective] To study virtual plant modeling based on mutual feedback of function-structure.[Method] With the analysis of the shortcomings of current virtual plant modeling method,the modeling with the idea of function...[Objective] To study virtual plant modeling based on mutual feedback of function-structure.[Method] With the analysis of the shortcomings of current virtual plant modeling method,the modeling with the idea of function-structure mutual feedback was put forward,and the steps of this modeling were elaborated,including the determination of morphological structure model,biomass production model,biomass allocation model,organ reconstruction model,and the integration method of function model and morphological structure model.[Results] The breakthrough of function-structure mutual feedback based mechanism from the boundaries of physiological ecology model and morphological structure model can solve the difficulty of data transmission between the two models and build an integrated model from the two,which can effectively reflect the incidence relation between plant morphology and function,and more suitable for the growth mechanisms of plants.This modeling approach has significant advantages in the dynamic simulation of plant growth.[Conclusion] The virtual plant modeling based on function-structure mutual feedback provides basis for the simulation of plant growth status in the next stage,and has important significance for the accurate simulation of the dynamic growth process of plant.展开更多
Globalization triggers interactive effects between educational inequality and economic development differences,which are influenced by complex dynamics and feedback mechanisms.This paper uses a comprehensive literatur...Globalization triggers interactive effects between educational inequality and economic development differences,which are influenced by complex dynamics and feedback mechanisms.This paper uses a comprehensive literature review and qualitative case analysis method to deeply explore the status,impact and joint feedback cycles of this phenomenon,focusing on California and Bangalore.The results reveal its interactive driving forces and provide important perspectives for understanding this issue.At the same time,the study proposes forward-looking policy recommendations and emphasizes the need for further exploration,especially around the role of cultural factors in curbing global inequality.展开更多
Data structure is one of the core courses for computer science students.Mastering data structure is helpful for students to improve the quality and efficiency of programming and lay a solid foundation for further lear...Data structure is one of the core courses for computer science students.Mastering data structure is helpful for students to improve the quality and efficiency of programming and lay a solid foundation for further learning knowledge in related fields of computer.The traditional teaching mode of the course has the shortcomings of rigid classroom,lack of interactivity,and lack of real-time feedback.In order to improve the teaching quality,the course has carried out reforms on the teaching mode,adopting a combination of case-based teaching,optimized experimental projects,process-oriented assessment,and a scientific feedback mechanism,which has improved the teaching effect.展开更多
At present, salient object detection (SOD) has achieved considerable progress. However, the methods that perform well still face the issue of inadequate detection accuracy. For example, sometimes there are problems of...At present, salient object detection (SOD) has achieved considerable progress. However, the methods that perform well still face the issue of inadequate detection accuracy. For example, sometimes there are problems of missed and false detections. Effectively optimizing features to capture key information and better integrating different levels of features to enhance their complementarity are two significant challenges in the domain of SOD. In response to these challenges, this study proposes a novel SOD method based on multi-strategy feature optimization. We propose the multi-size feature extraction module (MSFEM), which uses the attention mechanism, the multi-level feature fusion, and the residual block to obtain finer features. This module provides robust support for the subsequent accurate detection of the salient object. In addition, we use two rounds of feature fusion and the feedback mechanism to optimize the features obtained by the MSFEM to improve detection accuracy. The first round of feature fusion is applied to integrate the features extracted by the MSFEM to obtain more refined features. Subsequently, the feedback mechanism and the second round of feature fusion are applied to refine the features, thereby providing a stronger foundation for accurately detecting salient objects. To improve the fusion effect, we propose the feature enhancement module (FEM) and the feature optimization module (FOM). The FEM integrates the upper and lower features with the optimized features obtained by the FOM to enhance feature complementarity. The FOM uses different receptive fields, the attention mechanism, and the residual block to more effectively capture key information. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms 10 state-of-the-art SOD methods.展开更多
To improve the inefficient prevention caused by customers unwillingness to adopt prevention strategies in health management,an incentive feedback mechanism that is based on game theory and contract design theory is in...To improve the inefficient prevention caused by customers unwillingness to adopt prevention strategies in health management,an incentive feedback mechanism that is based on game theory and contract design theory is introduced.The conditions for making customers and health maintenance organizations(HMOs)willing to participate in the proposed mechanism are given.A dual nonlinear programming model is used to identify the optimal prevention effort of customers and the pricing strategy of HMOs.Results show that to generate increased benefits,HMOs need to consider cost sharing when customers are not familiar with the proposed health services.When health services are gradually accepted,the cost sharing factor can be gradually reduced.Simulation shows that under random circumstances in which the market reaches a certain size,the proposed method exhibits a positive network externality.Motivated by network externality,HMOs only need to make their customers understand that the larger the number of participants,the greater the utility of each person.Such customers may then spontaneously invite others to purchase insurance.展开更多
Many real-world networks have the ability to adapt themselves in response to the state of their nodes. This paper studies controlling disease spread on network with feedback mechanism, where the susceptible nodes are ...Many real-world networks have the ability to adapt themselves in response to the state of their nodes. This paper studies controlling disease spread on network with feedback mechanism, where the susceptible nodes are able to avoid contact with the infected ones by cutting their connections with probability when the density of infected nodes reaches a certain value in the network. Such feedback mechanism considers the networks＇ own adaptivity and the cost of immunization. The dynamical equations about immunization with feedback mechanism ave solved and theoretical predictions are in agreement with the results of large scale simulations. It shows that when the lethality a increases, the prevalence decreases more greatly with the same immunization g. That is, with the same cost, a better controlling result can be obtained. This approach offers an effective and practical policy to control disease spread, and also may be relevant to other similar networks.展开更多
Graphics processors have received an increasing attention with the growing demand for gaming,video streaming,and many other applications.During the graphics rendering with OpenGL,host CPU needs the runtime attributes ...Graphics processors have received an increasing attention with the growing demand for gaming,video streaming,and many other applications.During the graphics rendering with OpenGL,host CPU needs the runtime attributes to move on to the next procedure of rendering,which covers almost all the function units of graphics pipeline.Current methods suffer from the memory capacity issues to hold the variables or huge amount of data parsing paths which can cause congestion on the interface between graphics processor and host CPU.This paper refers to the operation principle of commuting bus,and proposes a bus-like data feedback mechanism(BFM)to traverse all the pipeline stages and collect the run-time status data or execution error of graphics rendering,then send them back to the host CPU.BFM can work in parallel with the graphics rendering logic.This method can complete the data feedback ta.sk easily with only 0.6%increase of resource utilization and has no negative impact on performance,which also obtains 1.3 times speed enhancement compared with a traditional approach.展开更多
BACKGROUND The management of offenders with mental disorders has been a significant concern in forensic psychiatry.In Japan,the introduction of the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in 2005 addressed the issue.How...BACKGROUND The management of offenders with mental disorders has been a significant concern in forensic psychiatry.In Japan,the introduction of the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in 2005 addressed the issue.However,numerous psychiatric patients at risk of violence still find themselves subject to the administrative involuntary hospitalization(AIH)scheme,which lacks clarity and updated standards.AIM To explore current as well as optimized learning strategies for risk assessment in AIH decision making.METHODS We conducted a questionnaire survey among designated psychiatrists to explore their experiences and expectations regarding training methods for psychiatric assessments of offenders with mental disorders.RESULTS The findings of this study’s survey suggest a prevalent reliance on traditional learning approaches such as oral education and on-the-job training.CONCLUSION This underscores the pressing need for structured training protocols in AIH consultations.Moreover,feedback derived from inpatient treatment experiences is identified as a crucial element for enhancing risk assessment skills.展开更多
The attribution of climate change is complex,and the current mainstream view is more inclined towards human activities and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels.Any complex problem is composed of basic principles...The attribution of climate change is complex,and the current mainstream view is more inclined towards human activities and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels.Any complex problem is composed of basic principles.This article elaborates on the basic logic behind climate change(a global hot topic)through basic principles such as reaction types,carbon thermal properties of biomass energy,greenhouse gas attribution,ecological basic theory,and energy cycle.展开更多
With the development of big data and social computing,large-scale group decisionmaking(LGDM)is nowmerging with social networks.Using social network analysis(SNA),this study proposes an LGDM consensus model that consid...With the development of big data and social computing,large-scale group decisionmaking(LGDM)is nowmerging with social networks.Using social network analysis(SNA),this study proposes an LGDM consensus model that considers the trust relationship among decisionmakers(DMs).In the process of consensusmeasurement:the social network is constructed according to the social relationship among DMs,and the Louvain method is introduced to classify social networks to form subgroups.In this study,the weights of each decision maker and each subgroup are computed by comprehensive network weights and trust weights.In the process of consensus improvement:A feedback mechanism with four identification and two direction rules is designed to guide the consensus of the improvement process.Based on the trust relationship among DMs,the preferences are modified,and the corresponding social network is updated to accelerate the consensus.Compared with the previous research,the proposedmodel not only allows the subgroups to be reconstructed and updated during the adjustment process,but also improves the accuracy of the adjustment by the feedbackmechanism.Finally,an example analysis is conducted to verify the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed method.Moreover,compared with previous studies,the superiority of the proposed method in solving the LGDM problem is highlighted.展开更多
Considering the information interaction in the virtual-real network,this paper introduces a novel three-layer model that explores the integrated influence between virtual and real networks.Existing models often fail t...Considering the information interaction in the virtual-real network,this paper introduces a novel three-layer model that explores the integrated influence between virtual and real networks.Existing models often fail to capture the dynamic feedback between these networks and do not effectively simulate integrated decision-making processes.Focusing on the Facility Service Balance Problem,we aim to optimize resource allocation and information diffusion in response to real-world events like natural disasters or large-scale activities.Based on the Linear Threshold model,the Feedback Linear Threshold model,which incorporates feedback mechanisms between virtual and real networks and integrates both original and feedback information in the activation function of nodes,has been proposed to better simulate the information feedback and integrated decision-making process.Then,combined with location-based interpersonal and online social networks,a comprehensive framework that models decision-making processes without direct influence between decision-makers has been provided,focusing on the decision-making of individuals influenced by cumulative information,ultimately maximizing the facility service efficiency.Finally,conduct experiments have been conducted,using two types of data to test the general effectiveness of the feedback mechanism.展开更多
Autumn Arctic sea ice has been declining since the beginning of the era of satellite sea ice observations.In this study,we examined the factors contributing to the decline of autumn sea ice concentration.From the Beau...Autumn Arctic sea ice has been declining since the beginning of the era of satellite sea ice observations.In this study,we examined the factors contributing to the decline of autumn sea ice concentration.From the Beaufort Sea to the Barents Sea,autumn sea ice concentration has decreased considerably between 1982 and 2020,and the rates of decline were the highest around the Beaufort Sea.We calculated the correlation coefficients between sea ice extent(SIE)anomalies and anomalies of sea surface temperature(SST),surface air temperature(SAT)and specific humidity(SH).Among these coefficients,the largest absolute value was found in the coefficient between SIE and SAT anomalies for August to October,which has a value of−0.9446.The second largest absolute value was found in the coefficient between SIE and SH anomalies for September to November,which has a value of−0.9436.Among the correlation coefficients between SIE and SST anomalies,the largest absolute value was found in the coefficient for August to October,which has a value of−0.9410.We conducted empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analyses of sea ice,SST,SAT,SH,sea level pressure(SLP)and the wind field for the months where the absolute values of the correlation coefficient were the largest.The first EOFs of SST,SAT and SH account for 39.07%,63.54%and 47.60%of the total variances,respectively,and are mainly concentrated in the area between the Beaufort Sea and the East Siberian Sea.The corresponding principal component time series also indicate positive trends.The first EOF of SLP explains 41.57%of the total variance.It is mostly negative in the central Arctic.Over the Beaufort,Chukchi and East Siberian seas,the zonal wind weakened while the meridional wind strengthened.Results from the correlation and EOF analyses further verified the effects of the ice-temperature,ice-SH and ice-SLP feedback mechanisms in the Arctic.These mechanisms accelerate melting and decrease the rate of formation of sea ice.In addition,stronger meridional winds favor the flow of warm air from lower latitudes towards the polar region,further promoting Arctic sea ice decline.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic has experienced unprecedented limitations and extraordinary scientific efforts to address this exceptional situation. Despite blanket closures that have resulted in significant financial constrai...The COVID-19 pandemic has experienced unprecedented limitations and extraordinary scientific efforts to address this exceptional situation. Despite blanket closures that have resulted in significant financial constraints and losses around the world, research has an “unlimited” budget, with an exceptional concentration of medical and scientific care on a single topic: understanding the mechanisms for overcoming the disease. A large number of clinical trials have been launched with different drugs that have been behind different concepts and solutions. I would like to focus on the complexity aspect of COVID-19. Living systems are organized in a complex way, which implies dynamic stochastic phenomena, and deterministic reductionism can mislead research. When research focuses on individual molecules or pathways as products, it is distracted from the processes in which these products operate, thus neglecting the complex interactions between regulations and feedback controls. Common problems in product-oriented research are articulated as “double-edged swords”, “Janus behavior”, “two-sided action”, with a simple question: “friend or foe?” I focus on the missing complexity. I propose a bioelectromagnetic process that can maintain a complex approach, affecting processes rather than products. This hypothetical proposal is not a comprehensive solution. Complexity itself limits the overall effects of causing “miracles”. Well-designed electromagnetic effects can support current efforts and, in combination with intensively developed pharmaceuticals, bring us closer to a pharmaceutical solution against COVID-19.展开更多
The signals and the neuronal mechanisms that underlying the behavior, actions, and action-directed goals in man and animals during conscious state are not fully understood, and the neuro-dynamic mechanisms and the sou...The signals and the neuronal mechanisms that underlying the behavior, actions, and action-directed goals in man and animals during conscious state are not fully understood, and the neuro-dynamic mechanisms and the source of these neuronal signals are not authenticated. Temporal judgment alone can neither account for neural signaling necessary for emergence of conscious act nor explain RP （Readiness Potential, the accepted neural correlate time needed for the neurons to fire） that precedes the onset of action or the latency time of 0.5 ms that precedes the conscious act found by Libet. Neuronal feedback mechanisms between the heart and the brain seem feasible and logical suggestions to be considered, so clearly, I would suggest that the onset of a conscious-directed goal, conscious action, freewill, intension, and the neural signals and mechanisms that control them may depend upon the interaction between two sources： （1） the brain and （2） the heart. The temporal-cardiac （neural system） interaction has been well established in heart-brain interaction studies by many workers who found that the work of the heart precedes that of the brain in EEG （electroencephalography） findings in conscious stimulation, which may explain and account for RP time and the 0.5 ms latency period of Libet＇s important findings. According to my hypothesis （AlFaki 2009） and views, the temporal neurons in the soma to-sensory cortex will respond to conscious stimulation only after receiving neuronal signals from the cardiac neurons in the neural plexus of the heart; after variable millisecond equivalent to RP or Libet＇s latency period prior to temporal neuronal firinging in response to conscious act, this time is the time needed by cardiac neurons to process and signal information to the brain through feedback mechanism and heart-brain interaction.展开更多
In February 2019,a month-long persistent precipitation event occurred in the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin.The geopotential height field that affected the duration of this frontal rainfall was divided into a high-latitu...In February 2019,a month-long persistent precipitation event occurred in the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin.The geopotential height field that affected the duration of this frontal rainfall was divided into a high-latitude part and a lowlatitude part for analysis.In the high-latitude part,a two-wave structure led to quasi-stationary circulation,and the change of both the blocking high pressure and Arctic Oscillation phase caused cold air to invade South China continuously and changed the frontal position.In mid-to-low latitudes,the persistent precipitation showed quasi-biweekly oscillation characteristics.The so-called“subtropical high–precipitation–anticyclone”(SHPA)feedback mechanism blocked the circulation systems in the mid-to-low latitudes and provided a continuous supply of water vapor for precipitation.As for the effect of sea surface temperature,the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone stimulated by El Niño strengthened the intensity of the southerly wind and provided support for the redevelopment of the anticyclone system in the SHPA feedback mechanism.The sea surface temperature anomaly in the South China Sea provided sensible heating for precipitation,and convergent rising airflow was conducive to the occurrence of precipitation.Additionally,the SHPA mechanism provides a reliable basis for the prediction of persistent precipitation in winter in the mid-to-low latitudes.展开更多
Through the inspiration of the reliability mechanism of human body, it is obvious that the bionic methods can be used as a reference for the optimized design of high power plasma inverter. On this basis, the high powe...Through the inspiration of the reliability mechanism of human body, it is obvious that the bionic methods can be used as a reference for the optimized design of high power plasma inverter. On this basis, the high power plasma inverter can be composed of several high power density intelligent power electric building blocks （ IPEBB ） , which are controlled by intelligent controller with the capability of self-management and can be regarded as the cell of the inverter. All of these IPEBB can be controllable and cooperative through distributed communication structure with digital control. This structure can be regarded as the nerve of the inverter. In each IPEBB, the advance mechanical feedback mechanism is adopted to suppress the magnetic bins, over-current protection and gate driving for the high power switches. A 75 kW Prototype constructed by IPEBBs was built to test the performance. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed approach, and the bionic design methods can benefit the optimized design of high power plasma inverter.展开更多
Operation-related resources are lots of manpower and material with the characteristics of high cost and high income in hospitals,and scheduling optimization is a very important research issue in medical service.In thi...Operation-related resources are lots of manpower and material with the characteristics of high cost and high income in hospitals,and scheduling optimization is a very important research issue in medical service.In this paper,to cope with the actualities of operation resources scheduling,such as poor planning,lack of standardized scheduling rules,chaotic use of the operating rooms,and many human interference factors,we propose a systematic approach to optimize scheduling problems based on multiple characteristics of operating resources.We frst design a framework that includes the composite dispatching rules(CDR),optimization ideology,and feedback mechanism,in which the CDR integrates fexible operating time,hold-up time of medical facilities,available time of medical staf,and multiple constraints.The optimization ideology is carried out through a learning model based on the weighted random forest(WRF)algorithm.The feedback mechanism enables the approach to realize closed-loop optimizations adaptively.Finally,the superiority of the systematic scheduling approach(SSA)is analyzed through numerical experiments on a simulation platform.Results of the simulation experiments show that the proposed scheduling method can improve performances signifcantly,especially in the waiting time of patients.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071948,82472003)Discovery Partners Institute and Shield of Illinois,Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2022A1515011675)the Scientific Research Fund for Hundred Talents Program Talent Introduction of Sun Yat-sen University(1320323001).
文摘Coronary artery disease is a highly lethal cardiovascular condition,making early diagnosis crucial for patients.Echocardiograph is employed to identify coronary heart disease(CHD).However,due to issues such as fuzzy object boundaries,complex tissue structures,and motion artifacts in ultrasound images,it is challenging to detect CHD accurately.This paper proposes an improved Transformer model based on the Feedback Self-Attention Mechanism(FSAM)for classification of ultrasound images.The model enhances attention weights,making it easier to capture complex features.Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high levels of accuracy,recall,precision,F1 score,and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(72.3%,79.5%,82.0%,81.0%,and 0.73%,respectively).The proposed model was compared with widely used models,including convolutional neural network and visual Transformer model,and the results show that our model outperforms others in the above evaluation metrics.In conclusion,the proposed model provides a promising approach for diagnosing CHD using echocardiogram.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52375264).
文摘Curvature lines are special and important curves on surfaces.It is of great significance to construct developable surface interpolated on curvature lines in engineering applications.In this paper,the shape optimization of generalized cubic ball developable surface interpolated on the curvature line is studied by using the improved reptile search algorithm.Firstly,based on the curvature line of generalized cubic ball curve with shape adjustable,this paper gives the construction method of SGC-Ball developable surface interpolated on the curve.Secondly,the feedback mechanism,adaptive parameters and mutation strategy are introduced into the reptile search algorithm,and the Feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm effectively improves the solving precision.On IEEE congress on evolutionary computation 2014,2017,2019 and four engineering design problems,the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is compared with other representative methods,and the result indicates that the solution performance of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is competitive.At last,taking the minimum energy as the evaluation index,the shape optimization model of SGC-Ball interpolation developable surface is established.The developable surface with the minimum energy is achieved with the help of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm,and the comparison experiment verifies the superiority of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm for the shape optimization problem.
文摘Vehicle tracking plays a crucial role in intelligent transportation, autonomous driving, and video surveillance. However, challenges such as occlusion, multi-target interference, and nonlinear motion in dynamic scenarios make tracking accuracy and stability a focus of ongoing research. This paper proposes an integrated method combining YOLOv8 object detection with adaptive Kalman filtering. The approach employs a support vector machine (SVM) to dynamically select the optimal filter (including standard Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter, and unscented Kalman filter), enhancing the system’s adaptability to different motion patterns. Additionally, an error feedback mechanism is incorporated to dynamically adjust filter parameters, further improving responsiveness to sudden events. Experimental results on the KITTI and UA-DETRAC datasets demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves detection accuracy (mAP@0.5 increased by approximately 3%), tracking accuracy (MOTA improved by 5%), and system robustness, providing an efficient solution for vehicle tracking in complex environments.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (610620-07)the Principal Fund Project of Tarim University (TDZKSS201115)~~
文摘[Objective] To study virtual plant modeling based on mutual feedback of function-structure.[Method] With the analysis of the shortcomings of current virtual plant modeling method,the modeling with the idea of function-structure mutual feedback was put forward,and the steps of this modeling were elaborated,including the determination of morphological structure model,biomass production model,biomass allocation model,organ reconstruction model,and the integration method of function model and morphological structure model.[Results] The breakthrough of function-structure mutual feedback based mechanism from the boundaries of physiological ecology model and morphological structure model can solve the difficulty of data transmission between the two models and build an integrated model from the two,which can effectively reflect the incidence relation between plant morphology and function,and more suitable for the growth mechanisms of plants.This modeling approach has significant advantages in the dynamic simulation of plant growth.[Conclusion] The virtual plant modeling based on function-structure mutual feedback provides basis for the simulation of plant growth status in the next stage,and has important significance for the accurate simulation of the dynamic growth process of plant.
文摘Globalization triggers interactive effects between educational inequality and economic development differences,which are influenced by complex dynamics and feedback mechanisms.This paper uses a comprehensive literature review and qualitative case analysis method to deeply explore the status,impact and joint feedback cycles of this phenomenon,focusing on California and Bangalore.The results reveal its interactive driving forces and provide important perspectives for understanding this issue.At the same time,the study proposes forward-looking policy recommendations and emphasizes the need for further exploration,especially around the role of cultural factors in curbing global inequality.
文摘Data structure is one of the core courses for computer science students.Mastering data structure is helpful for students to improve the quality and efficiency of programming and lay a solid foundation for further learning knowledge in related fields of computer.The traditional teaching mode of the course has the shortcomings of rigid classroom,lack of interactivity,and lack of real-time feedback.In order to improve the teaching quality,the course has carried out reforms on the teaching mode,adopting a combination of case-based teaching,optimized experimental projects,process-oriented assessment,and a scientific feedback mechanism,which has improved the teaching effect.
文摘At present, salient object detection (SOD) has achieved considerable progress. However, the methods that perform well still face the issue of inadequate detection accuracy. For example, sometimes there are problems of missed and false detections. Effectively optimizing features to capture key information and better integrating different levels of features to enhance their complementarity are two significant challenges in the domain of SOD. In response to these challenges, this study proposes a novel SOD method based on multi-strategy feature optimization. We propose the multi-size feature extraction module (MSFEM), which uses the attention mechanism, the multi-level feature fusion, and the residual block to obtain finer features. This module provides robust support for the subsequent accurate detection of the salient object. In addition, we use two rounds of feature fusion and the feedback mechanism to optimize the features obtained by the MSFEM to improve detection accuracy. The first round of feature fusion is applied to integrate the features extracted by the MSFEM to obtain more refined features. Subsequently, the feedback mechanism and the second round of feature fusion are applied to refine the features, thereby providing a stronger foundation for accurately detecting salient objects. To improve the fusion effect, we propose the feature enhancement module (FEM) and the feature optimization module (FOM). The FEM integrates the upper and lower features with the optimized features obtained by the FOM to enhance feature complementarity. The FOM uses different receptive fields, the attention mechanism, and the residual block to more effectively capture key information. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms 10 state-of-the-art SOD methods.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71531004,72071042).
文摘To improve the inefficient prevention caused by customers unwillingness to adopt prevention strategies in health management,an incentive feedback mechanism that is based on game theory and contract design theory is introduced.The conditions for making customers and health maintenance organizations(HMOs)willing to participate in the proposed mechanism are given.A dual nonlinear programming model is used to identify the optimal prevention effort of customers and the pricing strategy of HMOs.Results show that to generate increased benefits,HMOs need to consider cost sharing when customers are not familiar with the proposed health services.When health services are gradually accepted,the cost sharing factor can be gradually reduced.Simulation shows that under random circumstances in which the market reaches a certain size,the proposed method exhibits a positive network externality.Motivated by network externality,HMOs only need to make their customers understand that the larger the number of participants,the greater the utility of each person.Such customers may then spontaneously invite others to purchase insurance.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10375022）.
文摘Many real-world networks have the ability to adapt themselves in response to the state of their nodes. This paper studies controlling disease spread on network with feedback mechanism, where the susceptible nodes are able to avoid contact with the infected ones by cutting their connections with probability when the density of infected nodes reaches a certain value in the network. Such feedback mechanism considers the networks＇ own adaptivity and the cost of immunization. The dynamical equations about immunization with feedback mechanism ave solved and theoretical predictions are in agreement with the results of large scale simulations. It shows that when the lethality a increases, the prevalence decreases more greatly with the same immunization g. That is, with the same cost, a better controlling result can be obtained. This approach offers an effective and practical policy to control disease spread, and also may be relevant to other similar networks.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61834005,61772417,61602377,61802304 and 61874087)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Shaanxi China(No.2018KW-006)。
文摘Graphics processors have received an increasing attention with the growing demand for gaming,video streaming,and many other applications.During the graphics rendering with OpenGL,host CPU needs the runtime attributes to move on to the next procedure of rendering,which covers almost all the function units of graphics pipeline.Current methods suffer from the memory capacity issues to hold the variables or huge amount of data parsing paths which can cause congestion on the interface between graphics processor and host CPU.This paper refers to the operation principle of commuting bus,and proposes a bus-like data feedback mechanism(BFM)to traverse all the pipeline stages and collect the run-time status data or execution error of graphics rendering,then send them back to the host CPU.BFM can work in parallel with the graphics rendering logic.This method can complete the data feedback ta.sk easily with only 0.6%increase of resource utilization and has no negative impact on performance,which also obtains 1.3 times speed enhancement compared with a traditional approach.
基金Supported by Research Project of the Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare of Japan.
文摘BACKGROUND The management of offenders with mental disorders has been a significant concern in forensic psychiatry.In Japan,the introduction of the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in 2005 addressed the issue.However,numerous psychiatric patients at risk of violence still find themselves subject to the administrative involuntary hospitalization(AIH)scheme,which lacks clarity and updated standards.AIM To explore current as well as optimized learning strategies for risk assessment in AIH decision making.METHODS We conducted a questionnaire survey among designated psychiatrists to explore their experiences and expectations regarding training methods for psychiatric assessments of offenders with mental disorders.RESULTS The findings of this study’s survey suggest a prevalent reliance on traditional learning approaches such as oral education and on-the-job training.CONCLUSION This underscores the pressing need for structured training protocols in AIH consultations.Moreover,feedback derived from inpatient treatment experiences is identified as a crucial element for enhancing risk assessment skills.
文摘The attribution of climate change is complex,and the current mainstream view is more inclined towards human activities and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels.Any complex problem is composed of basic principles.This article elaborates on the basic logic behind climate change(a global hot topic)through basic principles such as reaction types,carbon thermal properties of biomass energy,greenhouse gas attribution,ecological basic theory,and energy cycle.
基金The work was supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Fund of the Ministry of Education(No.22YJA630119)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71971051)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.G2021501004).
文摘With the development of big data and social computing,large-scale group decisionmaking(LGDM)is nowmerging with social networks.Using social network analysis(SNA),this study proposes an LGDM consensus model that considers the trust relationship among decisionmakers(DMs).In the process of consensusmeasurement:the social network is constructed according to the social relationship among DMs,and the Louvain method is introduced to classify social networks to form subgroups.In this study,the weights of each decision maker and each subgroup are computed by comprehensive network weights and trust weights.In the process of consensus improvement:A feedback mechanism with four identification and two direction rules is designed to guide the consensus of the improvement process.Based on the trust relationship among DMs,the preferences are modified,and the corresponding social network is updated to accelerate the consensus.Compared with the previous research,the proposedmodel not only allows the subgroups to be reconstructed and updated during the adjustment process,but also improves the accuracy of the adjustment by the feedbackmechanism.Finally,an example analysis is conducted to verify the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed method.Moreover,compared with previous studies,the superiority of the proposed method in solving the LGDM problem is highlighted.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China[grant numbers 24&ZD163].
文摘Considering the information interaction in the virtual-real network,this paper introduces a novel three-layer model that explores the integrated influence between virtual and real networks.Existing models often fail to capture the dynamic feedback between these networks and do not effectively simulate integrated decision-making processes.Focusing on the Facility Service Balance Problem,we aim to optimize resource allocation and information diffusion in response to real-world events like natural disasters or large-scale activities.Based on the Linear Threshold model,the Feedback Linear Threshold model,which incorporates feedback mechanisms between virtual and real networks and integrates both original and feedback information in the activation function of nodes,has been proposed to better simulate the information feedback and integrated decision-making process.Then,combined with location-based interpersonal and online social networks,a comprehensive framework that models decision-making processes without direct influence between decision-makers has been provided,focusing on the decision-making of individuals influenced by cumulative information,ultimately maximizing the facility service efficiency.Finally,conduct experiments have been conducted,using two types of data to test the general effectiveness of the feedback mechanism.
基金the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(Grant no.2018SDKJ0106-1)Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant no.KLOCW2003)the Project of Doctoral Found of Qingdao University of Science and Technology(Grant no.210010022746)。
文摘Autumn Arctic sea ice has been declining since the beginning of the era of satellite sea ice observations.In this study,we examined the factors contributing to the decline of autumn sea ice concentration.From the Beaufort Sea to the Barents Sea,autumn sea ice concentration has decreased considerably between 1982 and 2020,and the rates of decline were the highest around the Beaufort Sea.We calculated the correlation coefficients between sea ice extent(SIE)anomalies and anomalies of sea surface temperature(SST),surface air temperature(SAT)and specific humidity(SH).Among these coefficients,the largest absolute value was found in the coefficient between SIE and SAT anomalies for August to October,which has a value of−0.9446.The second largest absolute value was found in the coefficient between SIE and SH anomalies for September to November,which has a value of−0.9436.Among the correlation coefficients between SIE and SST anomalies,the largest absolute value was found in the coefficient for August to October,which has a value of−0.9410.We conducted empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analyses of sea ice,SST,SAT,SH,sea level pressure(SLP)and the wind field for the months where the absolute values of the correlation coefficient were the largest.The first EOFs of SST,SAT and SH account for 39.07%,63.54%and 47.60%of the total variances,respectively,and are mainly concentrated in the area between the Beaufort Sea and the East Siberian Sea.The corresponding principal component time series also indicate positive trends.The first EOF of SLP explains 41.57%of the total variance.It is mostly negative in the central Arctic.Over the Beaufort,Chukchi and East Siberian seas,the zonal wind weakened while the meridional wind strengthened.Results from the correlation and EOF analyses further verified the effects of the ice-temperature,ice-SH and ice-SLP feedback mechanisms in the Arctic.These mechanisms accelerate melting and decrease the rate of formation of sea ice.In addition,stronger meridional winds favor the flow of warm air from lower latitudes towards the polar region,further promoting Arctic sea ice decline.
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic has experienced unprecedented limitations and extraordinary scientific efforts to address this exceptional situation. Despite blanket closures that have resulted in significant financial constraints and losses around the world, research has an “unlimited” budget, with an exceptional concentration of medical and scientific care on a single topic: understanding the mechanisms for overcoming the disease. A large number of clinical trials have been launched with different drugs that have been behind different concepts and solutions. I would like to focus on the complexity aspect of COVID-19. Living systems are organized in a complex way, which implies dynamic stochastic phenomena, and deterministic reductionism can mislead research. When research focuses on individual molecules or pathways as products, it is distracted from the processes in which these products operate, thus neglecting the complex interactions between regulations and feedback controls. Common problems in product-oriented research are articulated as “double-edged swords”, “Janus behavior”, “two-sided action”, with a simple question: “friend or foe?” I focus on the missing complexity. I propose a bioelectromagnetic process that can maintain a complex approach, affecting processes rather than products. This hypothetical proposal is not a comprehensive solution. Complexity itself limits the overall effects of causing “miracles”. Well-designed electromagnetic effects can support current efforts and, in combination with intensively developed pharmaceuticals, bring us closer to a pharmaceutical solution against COVID-19.
文摘The signals and the neuronal mechanisms that underlying the behavior, actions, and action-directed goals in man and animals during conscious state are not fully understood, and the neuro-dynamic mechanisms and the source of these neuronal signals are not authenticated. Temporal judgment alone can neither account for neural signaling necessary for emergence of conscious act nor explain RP （Readiness Potential, the accepted neural correlate time needed for the neurons to fire） that precedes the onset of action or the latency time of 0.5 ms that precedes the conscious act found by Libet. Neuronal feedback mechanisms between the heart and the brain seem feasible and logical suggestions to be considered, so clearly, I would suggest that the onset of a conscious-directed goal, conscious action, freewill, intension, and the neural signals and mechanisms that control them may depend upon the interaction between two sources： （1） the brain and （2） the heart. The temporal-cardiac （neural system） interaction has been well established in heart-brain interaction studies by many workers who found that the work of the heart precedes that of the brain in EEG （electroencephalography） findings in conscious stimulation, which may explain and account for RP time and the 0.5 ms latency period of Libet＇s important findings. According to my hypothesis （AlFaki 2009） and views, the temporal neurons in the soma to-sensory cortex will respond to conscious stimulation only after receiving neuronal signals from the cardiac neurons in the neural plexus of the heart; after variable millisecond equivalent to RP or Libet＇s latency period prior to temporal neuronal firinging in response to conscious act, this time is the time needed by cardiac neurons to process and signal information to the brain through feedback mechanism and heart-brain interaction.
基金We gratefully acknowledge support from the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41430963).
文摘In February 2019,a month-long persistent precipitation event occurred in the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin.The geopotential height field that affected the duration of this frontal rainfall was divided into a high-latitude part and a lowlatitude part for analysis.In the high-latitude part,a two-wave structure led to quasi-stationary circulation,and the change of both the blocking high pressure and Arctic Oscillation phase caused cold air to invade South China continuously and changed the frontal position.In mid-to-low latitudes,the persistent precipitation showed quasi-biweekly oscillation characteristics.The so-called“subtropical high–precipitation–anticyclone”(SHPA)feedback mechanism blocked the circulation systems in the mid-to-low latitudes and provided a continuous supply of water vapor for precipitation.As for the effect of sea surface temperature,the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone stimulated by El Niño strengthened the intensity of the southerly wind and provided support for the redevelopment of the anticyclone system in the SHPA feedback mechanism.The sea surface temperature anomaly in the South China Sea provided sensible heating for precipitation,and convergent rising airflow was conducive to the occurrence of precipitation.Additionally,the SHPA mechanism provides a reliable basis for the prediction of persistent precipitation in winter in the mid-to-low latitudes.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （50805051）, and Guangzhou Support Science and Technology Project （10A41071568）
文摘Through the inspiration of the reliability mechanism of human body, it is obvious that the bionic methods can be used as a reference for the optimized design of high power plasma inverter. On this basis, the high power plasma inverter can be composed of several high power density intelligent power electric building blocks （ IPEBB ） , which are controlled by intelligent controller with the capability of self-management and can be regarded as the cell of the inverter. All of these IPEBB can be controllable and cooperative through distributed communication structure with digital control. This structure can be regarded as the nerve of the inverter. In each IPEBB, the advance mechanical feedback mechanism is adopted to suppress the magnetic bins, over-current protection and gate driving for the high power switches. A 75 kW Prototype constructed by IPEBBs was built to test the performance. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed approach, and the bionic design methods can benefit the optimized design of high power plasma inverter.
基金This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFE0105000)the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(No.19511132100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51475334).
文摘Operation-related resources are lots of manpower and material with the characteristics of high cost and high income in hospitals,and scheduling optimization is a very important research issue in medical service.In this paper,to cope with the actualities of operation resources scheduling,such as poor planning,lack of standardized scheduling rules,chaotic use of the operating rooms,and many human interference factors,we propose a systematic approach to optimize scheduling problems based on multiple characteristics of operating resources.We frst design a framework that includes the composite dispatching rules(CDR),optimization ideology,and feedback mechanism,in which the CDR integrates fexible operating time,hold-up time of medical facilities,available time of medical staf,and multiple constraints.The optimization ideology is carried out through a learning model based on the weighted random forest(WRF)algorithm.The feedback mechanism enables the approach to realize closed-loop optimizations adaptively.Finally,the superiority of the systematic scheduling approach(SSA)is analyzed through numerical experiments on a simulation platform.Results of the simulation experiments show that the proposed scheduling method can improve performances signifcantly,especially in the waiting time of patients.
