This study aimed to reveal the microbial diversity in the fecal samples of bactrian camels using the 16 S r RNA sequencing analysis on the Illumina Mi Seq platform. Three fecal samples were collected from two geograph...This study aimed to reveal the microbial diversity in the fecal samples of bactrian camels using the 16 S r RNA sequencing analysis on the Illumina Mi Seq platform. Three fecal samples were collected from two geographical regions in China. Operational taxonomic unit（OTU） clustering was performed by identifying an OTU at 97% sequence identity. The alpha and beta diversities were applied to estimate the differences in microbial diversity among the three fecal samples. Totally, 4409, 3151 and 4075 OTUs in the fecal samples were identified in the Lop Nor wild camel（Camelus ferus）, the domestic camel（C. bactrianus） and Dunhuang wild camel（C. ferus）, respectively. The majority of bactreria were affiliated with phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the three samples. The wild camels had higher gastrointestinal tract microbial diversity than the domestic one, while the microbial composition of the Lop Nor wild camel shared higher similarity with domestic camel at the genus and family levels than that of the Dunhuang wild camel did. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for assessing their health conditions and may thus be useful for protecting the critically endangered species of C. ferus.展开更多
The wild camel (Camelus ferus) is a critically endangered large ungulate, surviving in just three distinct populations located in the Taklamakan Desert, China;deserts near Lop Nuur, China;and in China and Mongolia wit...The wild camel (Camelus ferus) is a critically endangered large ungulate, surviving in just three distinct populations located in the Taklamakan Desert, China;deserts near Lop Nuur, China;and in China and Mongolia within and adjacent to Mongolia’s Great Gobi Strictly Protected Area (GGSPA). The population surviving in Mongolia remains poorly researched, but as few as 500 individuals may survive, although its distribution has remained relatively constant over the past 30 - 50 years. This study aimed at identifying potentially important environmental factors that influence the distribution of wild camels in Mongolia and predicting seasonal movement. We predicted distribution by season using presence only data and selected environmental predictors, including land surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI), water sources, vegetation and soil. Model predictions revealed that land surface temperature in summer correlated significantly with wild camel distribution, with camels occurring in cooler areas. Abundance of biomass did not significantly correlate with camel distribution. Camels occurred in areas with intermediate levels of NDVI in most seasons, implying that they may base foraging decisions on forage quantity, not quality. Positive correlations of camel distribution with higher NDVI in summer (P = 0.03) suggests that they may prefer herbaceous species that appear after rainfall. Models indicate distance to water sources may be critical for camel distribution in all seasons. Camel occurrence correlated with areas containing shallow mountain soils in summer. Camels displayed no significant habitat correlations in other seasons, yet ranges differed among all seasons. Camels used a common region in spring, summer and autumn that we believe represents the core of the species’ annual range. Wild camel distribution during winter varied significantly from other seasons. Our modelling led to a predicted distribution range that was consistent with ranges described by previous research, indicating consistency between survey data and satellite tracking data.展开更多
The volatile compounds from horse and pony hairs and skin were analyzed to determine bioactive molecules that are kairomones used for host location by blood-feeding diptera. In this study, horse and pony hair samples ...The volatile compounds from horse and pony hairs and skin were analyzed to determine bioactive molecules that are kairomones used for host location by blood-feeding diptera. In this study, horse and pony hair samples were extracted with organic solvents (pentane or hexane) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) with closed electron ionization (CEI). Using the GC-MS analysis, we observed a compound peak, which could not be identified by comparison to mass spectra in the mass spectral library. This unknown compound was often the largest peak in the chromatogram and had a retention index and mass spectral fragmentation similar to nonanal. However, there were several differences in the fragmentation pattern. When compared to a nonanal reference standard, it was evident that this was a different compound. Hydrodistillation of pony hair was another extraction method to obtain the unknown component in higher concentrations. Analysis of this extract with GC-flame ionization detector (FID) with GC-MS confirmed the same unknown peak. Further experiments and analysis with the various mass spectroscopy tools gave the possible molecular ion with mass-to-charge ratio (<em>m/z</em>) 142, corresponding to the unknown component.展开更多
卫星追踪定位技术(Satellite tracking and positioning technology)对于野生动物监测和管理来说具有高效、便利、可靠等多方面的优点,基于卫星追踪定位可以获取大量的野生动物时空分布数据,用于目标物种的家域计算、生境选择和迁移模...卫星追踪定位技术(Satellite tracking and positioning technology)对于野生动物监测和管理来说具有高效、便利、可靠等多方面的优点,基于卫星追踪定位可以获取大量的野生动物时空分布数据,用于目标物种的家域计算、生境选择和迁移模式研究等(Kranstauber et al.,2012;Byrne et al.2014;Wells etal.,2014;Wells and Lethbridge,2020)。由于能定量评估物种的空间利用模式,家域被广泛应用于野生动物的空间生态学研究,取食、繁殖、迁徙和扩散等动物的重要参数都与其空间利用息息相关(Cagnacci etal.,2016)。展开更多
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)也被称为老年性痴呆,是一种伴有精神行为改变和日常生活能力减退的神经退行性疾病,β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloidβ-protein,Aβ)沉积形成的老年斑及过度磷酸化Tau蛋白形成的神经原纤维缠结(neurofibrill...阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)也被称为老年性痴呆,是一种伴有精神行为改变和日常生活能力减退的神经退行性疾病,β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloidβ-protein,Aβ)沉积形成的老年斑及过度磷酸化Tau蛋白形成的神经原纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles,NFTs)是其组织病理学特征。AD分为典型AD和非典型AD。后皮层变异性AD、Logopenic失语AD和额叶变异型AD(frontal variant of AD,Fv AD)均为非典型AD,其中FvAD临床明显特征是患者在痴呆的早期即出现额叶功能的严重受损。阿魏酸和白芷提取物(Feru-guard)是一种膳食补充剂,近年来在治疗痴呆伴发精神行为障碍(behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia,BPSD)方面的疗效引起了相关学者的广泛关注。本文报道了Feru-guard治疗1例FvAD患者的临床疗效,并详细回顾了其诊治过程。展开更多
基金supported by the Xinjiang Lop Nur Wild Camels National Reserve Comprehensive Scientific Research Projects by The Environmental Protection Agency of China (20100228)
文摘This study aimed to reveal the microbial diversity in the fecal samples of bactrian camels using the 16 S r RNA sequencing analysis on the Illumina Mi Seq platform. Three fecal samples were collected from two geographical regions in China. Operational taxonomic unit（OTU） clustering was performed by identifying an OTU at 97% sequence identity. The alpha and beta diversities were applied to estimate the differences in microbial diversity among the three fecal samples. Totally, 4409, 3151 and 4075 OTUs in the fecal samples were identified in the Lop Nor wild camel（Camelus ferus）, the domestic camel（C. bactrianus） and Dunhuang wild camel（C. ferus）, respectively. The majority of bactreria were affiliated with phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the three samples. The wild camels had higher gastrointestinal tract microbial diversity than the domestic one, while the microbial composition of the Lop Nor wild camel shared higher similarity with domestic camel at the genus and family levels than that of the Dunhuang wild camel did. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for assessing their health conditions and may thus be useful for protecting the critically endangered species of C. ferus.
文摘The wild camel (Camelus ferus) is a critically endangered large ungulate, surviving in just three distinct populations located in the Taklamakan Desert, China;deserts near Lop Nuur, China;and in China and Mongolia within and adjacent to Mongolia’s Great Gobi Strictly Protected Area (GGSPA). The population surviving in Mongolia remains poorly researched, but as few as 500 individuals may survive, although its distribution has remained relatively constant over the past 30 - 50 years. This study aimed at identifying potentially important environmental factors that influence the distribution of wild camels in Mongolia and predicting seasonal movement. We predicted distribution by season using presence only data and selected environmental predictors, including land surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI), water sources, vegetation and soil. Model predictions revealed that land surface temperature in summer correlated significantly with wild camel distribution, with camels occurring in cooler areas. Abundance of biomass did not significantly correlate with camel distribution. Camels occurred in areas with intermediate levels of NDVI in most seasons, implying that they may base foraging decisions on forage quantity, not quality. Positive correlations of camel distribution with higher NDVI in summer (P = 0.03) suggests that they may prefer herbaceous species that appear after rainfall. Models indicate distance to water sources may be critical for camel distribution in all seasons. Camel occurrence correlated with areas containing shallow mountain soils in summer. Camels displayed no significant habitat correlations in other seasons, yet ranges differed among all seasons. Camels used a common region in spring, summer and autumn that we believe represents the core of the species’ annual range. Wild camel distribution during winter varied significantly from other seasons. Our modelling led to a predicted distribution range that was consistent with ranges described by previous research, indicating consistency between survey data and satellite tracking data.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21872001,51801006,21805004,and 21671011)Beijing Municipal High Level Innovative Team Building Program(IDHT20180504)+2 种基金Beijing Outstanding Young Scientists Program(BJJWZYJH01201910005017)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2192005)Beijing Municipal Science and Natural Science Fund Project(KM201910005016)。
文摘The volatile compounds from horse and pony hairs and skin were analyzed to determine bioactive molecules that are kairomones used for host location by blood-feeding diptera. In this study, horse and pony hair samples were extracted with organic solvents (pentane or hexane) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) with closed electron ionization (CEI). Using the GC-MS analysis, we observed a compound peak, which could not be identified by comparison to mass spectra in the mass spectral library. This unknown compound was often the largest peak in the chromatogram and had a retention index and mass spectral fragmentation similar to nonanal. However, there were several differences in the fragmentation pattern. When compared to a nonanal reference standard, it was evident that this was a different compound. Hydrodistillation of pony hair was another extraction method to obtain the unknown component in higher concentrations. Analysis of this extract with GC-flame ionization detector (FID) with GC-MS confirmed the same unknown peak. Further experiments and analysis with the various mass spectroscopy tools gave the possible molecular ion with mass-to-charge ratio (<em>m/z</em>) 142, corresponding to the unknown component.
文摘卫星追踪定位技术(Satellite tracking and positioning technology)对于野生动物监测和管理来说具有高效、便利、可靠等多方面的优点,基于卫星追踪定位可以获取大量的野生动物时空分布数据,用于目标物种的家域计算、生境选择和迁移模式研究等(Kranstauber et al.,2012;Byrne et al.2014;Wells etal.,2014;Wells and Lethbridge,2020)。由于能定量评估物种的空间利用模式,家域被广泛应用于野生动物的空间生态学研究,取食、繁殖、迁徙和扩散等动物的重要参数都与其空间利用息息相关(Cagnacci etal.,2016)。
文摘阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)也被称为老年性痴呆,是一种伴有精神行为改变和日常生活能力减退的神经退行性疾病,β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloidβ-protein,Aβ)沉积形成的老年斑及过度磷酸化Tau蛋白形成的神经原纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles,NFTs)是其组织病理学特征。AD分为典型AD和非典型AD。后皮层变异性AD、Logopenic失语AD和额叶变异型AD(frontal variant of AD,Fv AD)均为非典型AD,其中FvAD临床明显特征是患者在痴呆的早期即出现额叶功能的严重受损。阿魏酸和白芷提取物(Feru-guard)是一种膳食补充剂,近年来在治疗痴呆伴发精神行为障碍(behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia,BPSD)方面的疗效引起了相关学者的广泛关注。本文报道了Feru-guard治疗1例FvAD患者的临床疗效,并详细回顾了其诊治过程。
