The latest Fortune Global 500 list was just released. China, the world＇s second largest economy, saw 100 companies entering the list, marking the 11th year straight that the number of Chinese Global 500 companies has...The latest Fortune Global 500 list was just released. China, the world＇s second largest economy, saw 100 companies entering the list, marking the 11th year straight that the number of Chinese Global 500 companies hasincreased.Zhang Yugui,Dean of School of Economics and Finance, Shanghai International Studies University, believed that China should reflect on its unsustainable growth model and the lack of international competitiveness of its companies. Excerpts of his views follow：展开更多
Gu Xinyi is a born trader,he has never had access to any professional knowledge in trade,but he can usher in a prime time of this field and outshine his peers with skills and insight.Someone reckons it as a legend,as ...Gu Xinyi is a born trader,he has never had access to any professional knowledge in trade,but he can usher in a prime time of this field and outshine his peers with skills and insight.Someone reckons it as a legend,as a matter of fact,Gu Xinyi himself is also a legend!Now,let’s take a look and see what kind of person he is like.展开更多
China has abundant resources of hot dry rocks.However,due to the fact that the evaluation methods for favorable areas are mainly qualitative,and the evaluation indicators and standards are inconsistent,which restrict ...China has abundant resources of hot dry rocks.However,due to the fact that the evaluation methods for favorable areas are mainly qualitative,and the evaluation indicators and standards are inconsistent,which restrict the evaluation efficiency and exploration process of dry hot rocks.This paper is based on the understanding of the geologic features and genesis mechanisms of hot dry rocks in China and abroad.By integrating the main controlling factors of hot dry rock formation,and using index grading and quantification,the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive method is applied to establish an evaluation system and standards for favorable areas of hot dry rocks.The evaluation system is based on four indicators:heat source,thermal channel,thermal reservoir and cap rock.It includes 11 evaluation parameters,including time of magmatic/volcanic activity,depth of molten mass or magma chamber,distribution of discordogenic faults,burial depth of thermal reservoir,cap rock type and thickness,surface thermal anomaly,heat flow,geothermal gradient,Moho depth,Curie depth,Earthquake magnitude and focal depth.Each parameter is divided into 3 levels.Applying this evaluation system to assess hot dry rock in central Inner Mongolia revealed that Class I favorable zones cover approximately 494 km^(2),while Class II favorable zones span about 5.7×10^(4) km^(2).The Jirgalangtu Sag and Honghaershute Sag in the Erlian Basin,along with Reshuitang Town in Keshiketeng Banner,Reshui Town in Ningcheng County,and Reshuitang Town in Aohan Banner of Chifeng City,are identified as Class I favorable zones for hot dry rock resources.These areas are characterized by high-temperature subsurface molten bodies or magma chambers serving as high-quality heat sources,shallow thermal reservoir depths,and overlying thick sedimentary rock layers acting as caprock.The establishment and application of the evaluation system for favorable areas of hot dry rock are expected to provide new approaches and scientific basis for guiding the practice of selecting hot dry rock areas in China.展开更多
Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase alle...Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase allele mining using six updated FNP marker systems,the functional haplotypes at Pit,Pib,and Pi63 strictly diverged into the X-populations and were defined as X-R loci,while those at Pi54,Pi37,and Pi36 into the G-populations as G-R loci.The genic diversity at the three X-R loci(16 alleles)was twofold higher than that at the three G-R loci(8 alleles),and the allelic diversity in the Southern region(21 alleles)was nearly double that in the Northeastern region(11 alleles).Both observations reflect a significant difference in genetic diversity between X-and G-populations,and indicate that the effective R-genes mainly originated from X-subspecies.Based on the allelic structures characterized by a set of 10 parameters,8 and 16 alleles were respectively recognized as favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The genotypic structures of the two regional populations were almost different,indicating that the diverged alleles have been further assembled into two series of regional genotypes through long-term breeding programs,despite the presence of one-third of region-common alleles.The genotypic diversity in the Southern region(55 genotypes)was nearly twice as high as that in the Northeastern region(28),which perfectly reflects the aforementioned differences in both genic and allelic diversities.After analyzing the genotypic structures using a set of 13 parameters,4 and 23 genotypes,respectively,can be recommended as the favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The case study serves as a concrete sample of how to identify the favorable and promising alleles and genotypes,and beneficial parents based their comprehensive population structures for gene-designed breeding.展开更多
Short-duration gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) are mysterious gamma-ray flashes with durations less than two seconds, which occur at the cosmological distances. Some of them usually not only have very tenuous medium gases an...Short-duration gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) are mysterious gamma-ray flashes with durations less than two seconds, which occur at the cosmological distances. Some of them usually not only have very tenuous medium gases and old host galaxies but also are in the outskirts of the galaxies, suggesting an origin of binary neutron star (NS) mergers (1)This origin was confirmed undoubtedly thanks to the discoveries of a gravitational wave event namedGW170817 and its electromagnetic counterparts (an SGRB, a multiwavelengthkilo-nova, and a broadband afterglow) [2].展开更多
The recent discovery of natural gas within the fifth member of the Xujiahe Formation(T_(3)x_(5))in the Dongfeng area within the Sichuan Basin highlights the significant exploration potential of this member.However,the...The recent discovery of natural gas within the fifth member of the Xujiahe Formation(T_(3)x_(5))in the Dongfeng area within the Sichuan Basin highlights the significant exploration potential of this member.However,the unconvincing previous understanding of the sedimentary microfacies,combined with a total lack of studies on the sand body architecture and reservoir distribution,hampers the further exploration of this member.Using core data,log curves,and seismic data,along with sedimentary microfacies analysis,this study investigated the interfaces between the sand bodies of various scales in the Dongfeng area.Furthermore,this study explored the morphological characteristics,types,and stacking patterns of these sand bodies and determined the distributions of sand bodies and reservoirs in the area.The results indicate that the first sand group of the T_(3)x_(5) member(T_(3)x^(1)_(5))exhibits delta-front deposits,including subaqueous distributary channels,sheet sands,and interdistributary bays.Seven levels of sand body interfaces are identified in the T_(3)x^(1)_(5) sand group.Among them,the interfaces of the first and second levels were identified only in cores,those of the third and fourth levels were recog-nizable from cores combined with log curves,while those of the fifth,sixth,and seventh levels were distinguishable using seismic data.Three superimposed subaqueous distributary channel complexes are found in the Dongfeng area.Among them,complex 1 in the northwest exhibits the strongest water body energy,while complex 2 in the south displays the weakest.Complex 2 was formed earlier than com-plexes 1 and 3.Also,complex 1 is further subdivided into three vertically stacked subaqueous distrib-utary channels.The subdivision of sedimentary microfacies in the T_(3)x_(5) member reveals nine lithofacies types.Among them,stacked pancake-shaped,carbonaceous debris-bearing,massive,and cross-bedded medium-grained sandstones are considered favorable lithofacies.These four lithofacies types exhibit high porosity,as well as low natural gamma-ray(GR)values,low-to-medium deep investigate double lateral resistivity(RD),and high interval transit time(AC)on the log curves.Additionally,the reservoir distribution in the Dongfeng area was delineated based on the characterization of the favorable lith-ofacies.This study serves as a guide for future exploration and evaluation of the T_(3)x_(5) member in the Dongfeng area while also augmenting the methodologies for describing tight sandstone reservoirs.展开更多
Psoriasis is a common and chronic immune-mediated disorder that severely impacts the life quality of patients.Phosphodiesterase-4(PDE4)inhibitors have attracted significant interests in the psoriasis treatment due to ...Psoriasis is a common and chronic immune-mediated disorder that severely impacts the life quality of patients.Phosphodiesterase-4(PDE4)inhibitors have attracted significant interests in the psoriasis treatment due to their ability to suppress the inflammatory cascades.In this study,extensive screening of an in-house library of 1200 Chinese medicinal plant extracts identified Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco(P.orientalis)as a potent PDE4 inhibitor,exhibiting 42.7%inhibition at 0.2μg/m L.Subsequent bioassayguided isolation revealed flavonoids,particularly amentoflavone(AMF),as the principal component responsible for PDE4 inhibition.To enrich the effective ingredients,a purification protocol using microporous resin was developed,yielding a flavonoid-rich extract(FLDs)that efficiently increased AMF content from 6.2%to 72.3%and improved PDE4 inhibitory activity to 74.2%at 0.2μg/mL.Notably,P.orientalis with favorable safety profiles demonstrated superior in vitro and in vivo anti-psoriasis effects to both AMF and the approved PDE4 inhibitor apremilast.These findings highlight the potential of P.orientalis as a novel therapeutic agent for psoriasis and provide valuable insights for its development in psoriasis treatment.展开更多
Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of ...Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of favorable agronomic traits that often come at the expense of stress resistance.To identify potential genetic targets for improved stress tolerance,whole-genome sequencing(WGS)has been applied to wild and cultivated accessions.展开更多
The Zhujiang(Pearl)River Mouth Basin(PRMB)is located in the northern part of the South China Sea,and it is one of China’s three major offshore hydrocarbon-rich basins,playing an indispensable role in meeting the coun...The Zhujiang(Pearl)River Mouth Basin(PRMB)is located in the northern part of the South China Sea,and it is one of China’s three major offshore hydrocarbon-rich basins,playing an indispensable role in meeting the country’s energy needs.Exploration for oil in the PRMB started early and has achieved remarkable results in some sags,but many sags have yet to yield significant discoveries,necessitating the search for new favorable exploration areas.The aim of this study is to analyze the deep structural characteristics of various sags in the PRMB and predict favorable exploration areas,providing corresponding support for the next strategic breakthrough in oil exploration.Some studies indicate a certain relationship between the Moho depth and crustal thickness and the occurrence of oil.In this paper,based on satellite altimetry gravity anomaly data,we utilize a Moho depth inversion method based on variable residual crustal density to obtain the Moho depth in the PRMB,from which the crustal thickness and crustal stretching factor of the basin are calculated.The results show that the Moho depth in the PRMB ranges from 10 km to 37 km,the crustal thickness ranges from 7 km to 35 km,and the crustal stretching factor ranges from 0.9 to 3.0.Finally,we propose a comprehensive evaluation scheme for oil resoureces based on the CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method,which comprehensively evaluates multiple factors,such as the Cenozoic sedimentary filling scale,Cenozoic thickness,Moho depth,crustal thickness,and crustal stretching factor,and provides evaluation criteria for identifying hydrocarbon-rich sags.According to this evaluation scheme,the exploration potential is relatively high in the Liwan Sag,Jinghai Sag,Heshan Sag,and Jieyang Sag,which are favorable exploration areas.展开更多
This article constructs statistical selection procedures for exponential populations that may differ in only the threshold parameters. The scale parameters of the populations are assumed common and known. The independ...This article constructs statistical selection procedures for exponential populations that may differ in only the threshold parameters. The scale parameters of the populations are assumed common and known. The independent samples drawn from the populations are taken to be of the same size. The best population is defined as the one associated with the largest threshold parameter. In case more than one population share the largest threshold, one of these is tagged at random and denoted the best. Two procedures are developed for choosing a subset of the populations having the property that the chosen subset contains the best population with a prescribed probability. One procedure is based on the sample minimum values drawn from the populations, and another is based on the sample means from the populations. An “Indifference Zone” (IZ) selection procedure is also developed based on the sample minimum values. The IZ procedure asserts that the population with the largest test statistic (e.g., the sample minimum) is the best population. With this approach, the sample size is chosen so as to guarantee that the probability of a correct selection is no less than a prescribed probability in the parameter region where the largest threshold is at least a prescribed amount larger than the remaining thresholds. Numerical examples are given, and the computer R-codes for all calculations are given in the Appendices.展开更多
Inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have stood out in recent years for their great potential in offering low-temperature compatibility,long-term stability and tandem cell suitability.However,challenges persist,partic...Inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have stood out in recent years for their great potential in offering low-temperature compatibility,long-term stability and tandem cell suitability.However,challenges persist,particularly concerning the use of nickel oxide nanoparticles(NiO_(x)NPs)as the hole transport material,where issues such as low conductivity,impurity-induced aggregation and interface redox reactions significantly hinder device performance.In response,this study presents a novel synthesis method for NiO_(x)NPs,leveraging the introduction of ammonium salt dopants(NH_(4)Cl and NH_(4)SCN),and the solar cell utilizing the doped NiO_(x)substrate exhibits much enhanced device performance.Furthermore,doped solar cells reach 23.27%power conversion efficiency(PCE)when a self-assembled monolayer(SAM)is further employed.This study provides critical insights into the synthesis and growth pathways of NiO_(x)NPs,propelling the development of efficient hole transport materials for high-performance PSCs.展开更多
Background Cotton is an economically important crop.It is crucial to find an effective method to improve cotton yield,and one approach is to decrease the abscission of cotton bolls and buds.However,the lack of knowled...Background Cotton is an economically important crop.It is crucial to find an effective method to improve cotton yield,and one approach is to decrease the abscission of cotton bolls and buds.However,the lack of knowledge of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying cotton boll abscission traits has hindered genetic improvements.Results Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between boll abscission rates 1(AR1)and boll abscission rates 2(AR2).A genome-wide association study was conducted on 145 loci that exhibited high polymorphism and were uniformly distributed across 26 chromosomes(pair).The study revealed 18,46,and 62 markers that were significantly associated with boll abscission,fiber quality,and yield traits(P<0.05),explaining 1.75%–7.13%,1.16%–9.58%,and 1.40%–5.44%of the phenotypic variation,respectively.Notably,the marker MON_SHIN-1584b was associated with the cotton boll abscission trait,whereas MON_CGR5732a was associated with cotton boll abscission and fiber quality traits.Thirteen of the marker loci identified in this study had been previously reported.Based on phenotypic effects,six typical cultivars with elite alleles related to cotton boll abscission,fiber quality,and yield traits were identified.These cultivars hold great promise for widespread utilization in breeding programs.Conclusions These results lay the foundation for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of cotton boll abscission and provide data for the future improvement of cotton breeding.展开更多
China is tectonically composed of a series of plates and orogenic belts and has been influenced by the Pacific and Indian plates since the Late Paleozoic,forming a regular distribution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic granite...China is tectonically composed of a series of plates and orogenic belts and has been influenced by the Pacific and Indian plates since the Late Paleozoic,forming a regular distribution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic granites.As an important source of geothermal energy,granite is thefive elements of geothermal enrichment:geothermal sources;geothermal reservoirs;heat transmission;heat caprock;and heat preservation and it is possible to classify the types of geothermal resources in China according to their distribution in combination with neotectonic movements.China's geothermal energy can be divided into hydrothermal and hot dry rock types in basins and orogenic belts,respectively.Geothermal resources can be divided into hydrothermal,rock,magma,and hybrid geothermal types according to the heat carrier type.Basin geothermal resources are dominated by hydrothermal types,while geothermal energy in orogenic belts with granite includes both hydrothermal and hot dry rock types.Geothermal resources in China can be divided into 6 distinct geothermal regions and 13 subregions,of which the Southwest and Southeast China regions and the Qaidam-Qilian and Jiaoliao subregions in North China with Mesozoic and Cenozoic granites are the most favorable areas for high-temperature hydrothermal and hot dry rock sources.China has complex geological conditions,diverse types of geothermal resources,and broad prospects for development and utilization.Having performed extensive shallow hydrothermal geothermal development and utilization and completed various power generation tests,China's geothermal development and utilization is in a critical stage of transition from the direct utilization of shallow hydrothermal resources to high-temperature geothermal or hot dry rock power generation in middle and deep layers.Basic theoretical research,key technology breakthroughs,and policy incentives are the main issues that need to be addressed in the geothermal industry.展开更多
Based on the research progress of the geological theory of coal-formed gas,the contributions of coal-formed gas to the natural gas reserves and production in China and to the development of natural gas in major gas-pr...Based on the research progress of the geological theory of coal-formed gas,the contributions of coal-formed gas to the natural gas reserves and production in China and to the development of natural gas in major gas-producing basins are analyzed,and the key favorable exploration zones for coal-formed gas in China are comprehensively evaluated.The following results are obtained.First,coal measures are good gas source rocks,and hydrocarbon generation from coal measure was dominated by gas,followed by oil.Second,a natural gas genetic identification index system based on stable isotopes,light hydrocarbon components,and biomarkers is established.Third,the quantitative and semi-quantitative factors controlling the formation of large gas fields,represented by the indicator of gas generation intensity greater than 20×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2),are identified to guide the discovery of large gas fields in China.Fourth,coal-formed gas is the major contributor to the current natural gas reserves and production of China,both accounting for over 55%.The high proportion of coal-formed gas has enabled the Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos basins to be the major gas production areas in China.Fifth,coal rock gas is an important field for future exploration of coal-formed gas,and key zones include the Carboniferous Benxi Formation(Fm.)in the Wushenqi-Mizhi area of the Ordos Basin,the Permian Longtan Fm.in central-southern Sichuan Basin,the Jurassic Xishanyao Fm.in the southern margin and Luliang uplift of the Junggar Basin.Sixth,tight gas is the main area for increasing reserves and production,and the favorable exploration zones include the Carboniferous-Permian in southern Ordos Basin and the Bohai Bay Basin,and the Triassic Xujiahe Fm.in the transition zone between central and western Sichuan Basin.Seventh,the Jurassic in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin is a key favorable exploration zone for subsequent investigation of conventional coal-formed gas.These insights have valuable theoretical and practical significance for further developing and improving the theory of coal-formed gas,and guiding the exploration of coal-formed gas fields in China.展开更多
The deep crustal structure is closely related to oil and gas reserves.Predicting the oil and gas enrichment of depressions based on the Moho depth and crustal thickness is a promising research topic with significant i...The deep crustal structure is closely related to oil and gas reserves.Predicting the oil and gas enrichment of depressions based on the Moho depth and crustal thickness is a promising research topic with significant implications for guiding exploration in petroliferous basins.In this study,seismic data were used as a constraint on the use of satellite gravity anomaly inversion to obtain the distribution of Moho depth and crustal thickness in the Bohai Basin.Stretching factors were calculated to analyze the differential distribution of deep crustal structural activity.Four indicators,including the minimum Moho depth,minimum crustal thickness,sum of Moho stretching factors,and sum of crustal stretching factors,were selected.Principal component analysis was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the multi-indicator system and obtain an oil and gas enrichment score for quantitative prediction of favorable prolific depressions.The deviation between the inverted Moho depth and seismic constraints was small;thus,the data effectively reflect the variations in the characteristics of each depression.The analysis revealed significant statistical features related to the minimum Moho depth/crustal thickness and the sum of Moho/crustal stretching factors associated with prolific depressions.Based on the oil and gas enrichment score,the depressions were classified into four categories related to their different deep crustal structural characteristics.Highly active ClassⅠ,ClassⅡ,and ClassⅢdepressions are predicted to be favorable prolific depressions.This study expands the research on quantitatively predicting favorable prolific depressions in the Bohai Basin using the deep crustal structure and can contribute to reducing production costs and improving exploration efficiency in future explorations.展开更多
This article addresses the issue of computing the constant required to implement a specific nonparametric subset selection procedure based on ranks of data arising in a statistical randomized block experimental design...This article addresses the issue of computing the constant required to implement a specific nonparametric subset selection procedure based on ranks of data arising in a statistical randomized block experimental design. A model of three populations and two blocks is used to compute the probability distribution of the relevant statistic, the maximum of the population rank sums minus the rank sum of the “best” population. Calculations are done for populations following a normal distribution, and for populations following a bi-uniform distribution. The least favorable configuration in these cases is shown to arise when all three populations follow identical distributions. The bi-uniform distribution leads to an asymptotic counterexample to the conjecture that the least favorable configuration, i.e., that configuration minimizing the probability of a correct selection, occurs when all populations are identically distributed. These results are consistent with other large-scale simulation studies. All relevant computational R-codes are provided in appendices.展开更多
President Xi Jinping calls for greater efforts to make China a talent-strong country.COUNTRIES are competing to attract talents-as seen in the U.K.’s launching the Global Talent Visa and Singapore announcing the Tech...President Xi Jinping calls for greater efforts to make China a talent-strong country.COUNTRIES are competing to attract talents-as seen in the U.K.’s launching the Global Talent Visa and Singapore announcing the Tech@SG Programme.With a population of over 1.4 billion,China is also eager to attract talents,having a long tradition of valuing talents,as reflected in the Chinese idiom“Seek talents as if you are thirsty.”In recent years,Chinese President Xi Jinping has frequently emphasized the topic of talent,with three points standing out:the spirit of scientists,a favorable environment for talents,and promoting related international exchange and cooperation.展开更多
Based on 2D and 3D seismic data and well logging data,this paper studies the distribution of well-seismic stratigraphic filling and shoal controlled reservoirs of Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in the south slope...Based on 2D and 3D seismic data and well logging data,this paper studies the distribution of well-seismic stratigraphic filling and shoal controlled reservoirs of Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in the south slope of Leshan-Longnüsi paleouplift in the Sichuan Basin,to reveal the genetic relationship between stratigraphic filling,paleogeomorphology and large-scale grain shoal.(1)The Xixiangchi Formation in the study area is overlapped and filled gradually to the Leshan-Longnüsi paleouplift,but gets thin sharply due to truncation only near the denudation pinch-out line of the paleouplift.Two overlap slope break belts and one erosion slope break belt are identified,and the Xixiangchi Formation is divided into 4 members from bottom to top.(2)The filling pattern of the overlapping at the base and erosion at the top indicates that the thickness of Xixiangchi Formation can reflect the pre-depositional paleogeomorphology,and reveals that the studied area has a monoclinal geomorphic feature of plunging to southeast and being controlled by multistage slope break belts.(3)The large-scale grain shoals and shoal controlled reservoirs are developed longitudinally in the third and fourth members of the Xixiangchi Formation,and laterally in the vicinity of the multistage overlap slope break belts.(4)Overlap slope break belts are closely related to northwest trending reverse faults.The western margin of the South China Plate converging with the Qiangtang-Himalaya massif in the middle-late Cambrian resulted in the rapid uplift of the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Plate and expanding toward southeast,leaving gradually plunging multistage slope breaks and large-scale northeast grain shoal reservoir belts.Considering oil and gas test results,it is predicted that the favorable exploration zone of the grain shoal controlled reservoirs covers an area of 3340 km^(2).展开更多
文摘The latest Fortune Global 500 list was just released. China, the world＇s second largest economy, saw 100 companies entering the list, marking the 11th year straight that the number of Chinese Global 500 companies hasincreased.Zhang Yugui,Dean of School of Economics and Finance, Shanghai International Studies University, believed that China should reflect on its unsustainable growth model and the lack of international competitiveness of its companies. Excerpts of his views follow：
文摘Gu Xinyi is a born trader,he has never had access to any professional knowledge in trade,but he can usher in a prime time of this field and outshine his peers with skills and insight.Someone reckons it as a legend,as a matter of fact,Gu Xinyi himself is also a legend!Now,let’s take a look and see what kind of person he is like.
基金Supported by PetroChina Prospective and Basic Technological Project(2022DJ5503).
文摘China has abundant resources of hot dry rocks.However,due to the fact that the evaluation methods for favorable areas are mainly qualitative,and the evaluation indicators and standards are inconsistent,which restrict the evaluation efficiency and exploration process of dry hot rocks.This paper is based on the understanding of the geologic features and genesis mechanisms of hot dry rocks in China and abroad.By integrating the main controlling factors of hot dry rock formation,and using index grading and quantification,the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive method is applied to establish an evaluation system and standards for favorable areas of hot dry rocks.The evaluation system is based on four indicators:heat source,thermal channel,thermal reservoir and cap rock.It includes 11 evaluation parameters,including time of magmatic/volcanic activity,depth of molten mass or magma chamber,distribution of discordogenic faults,burial depth of thermal reservoir,cap rock type and thickness,surface thermal anomaly,heat flow,geothermal gradient,Moho depth,Curie depth,Earthquake magnitude and focal depth.Each parameter is divided into 3 levels.Applying this evaluation system to assess hot dry rock in central Inner Mongolia revealed that Class I favorable zones cover approximately 494 km^(2),while Class II favorable zones span about 5.7×10^(4) km^(2).The Jirgalangtu Sag and Honghaershute Sag in the Erlian Basin,along with Reshuitang Town in Keshiketeng Banner,Reshui Town in Ningcheng County,and Reshuitang Town in Aohan Banner of Chifeng City,are identified as Class I favorable zones for hot dry rock resources.These areas are characterized by high-temperature subsurface molten bodies or magma chambers serving as high-quality heat sources,shallow thermal reservoir depths,and overlying thick sedimentary rock layers acting as caprock.The establishment and application of the evaluation system for favorable areas of hot dry rock are expected to provide new approaches and scientific basis for guiding the practice of selecting hot dry rock areas in China.
基金funded by grants from the National Key R&D Project(2023YFD1400201-02,2023YFD1400203-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870137)+1 种基金the National Transgenic Research Project(2015ZX08001-002)the Key R&D Project of Guangdong Province(2022B0202060005).
文摘Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase allele mining using six updated FNP marker systems,the functional haplotypes at Pit,Pib,and Pi63 strictly diverged into the X-populations and were defined as X-R loci,while those at Pi54,Pi37,and Pi36 into the G-populations as G-R loci.The genic diversity at the three X-R loci(16 alleles)was twofold higher than that at the three G-R loci(8 alleles),and the allelic diversity in the Southern region(21 alleles)was nearly double that in the Northeastern region(11 alleles).Both observations reflect a significant difference in genetic diversity between X-and G-populations,and indicate that the effective R-genes mainly originated from X-subspecies.Based on the allelic structures characterized by a set of 10 parameters,8 and 16 alleles were respectively recognized as favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The genotypic structures of the two regional populations were almost different,indicating that the diverged alleles have been further assembled into two series of regional genotypes through long-term breeding programs,despite the presence of one-third of region-common alleles.The genotypic diversity in the Southern region(55 genotypes)was nearly twice as high as that in the Northeastern region(28),which perfectly reflects the aforementioned differences in both genic and allelic diversities.After analyzing the genotypic structures using a set of 13 parameters,4 and 23 genotypes,respectively,can be recommended as the favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The case study serves as a concrete sample of how to identify the favorable and promising alleles and genotypes,and beneficial parents based their comprehensive population structures for gene-designed breeding.
文摘Short-duration gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) are mysterious gamma-ray flashes with durations less than two seconds, which occur at the cosmological distances. Some of them usually not only have very tenuous medium gases and old host galaxies but also are in the outskirts of the galaxies, suggesting an origin of binary neutron star (NS) mergers (1)This origin was confirmed undoubtedly thanks to the discoveries of a gravitational wave event namedGW170817 and its electromagnetic counterparts (an SGRB, a multiwavelengthkilo-nova, and a broadband afterglow) [2].
基金funded by a SINOPEC project entitled Exploration Potential and Target Evaluation of Xujiahe Formation in the Northeastern Sichuan Basin(No.P23130).
文摘The recent discovery of natural gas within the fifth member of the Xujiahe Formation(T_(3)x_(5))in the Dongfeng area within the Sichuan Basin highlights the significant exploration potential of this member.However,the unconvincing previous understanding of the sedimentary microfacies,combined with a total lack of studies on the sand body architecture and reservoir distribution,hampers the further exploration of this member.Using core data,log curves,and seismic data,along with sedimentary microfacies analysis,this study investigated the interfaces between the sand bodies of various scales in the Dongfeng area.Furthermore,this study explored the morphological characteristics,types,and stacking patterns of these sand bodies and determined the distributions of sand bodies and reservoirs in the area.The results indicate that the first sand group of the T_(3)x_(5) member(T_(3)x^(1)_(5))exhibits delta-front deposits,including subaqueous distributary channels,sheet sands,and interdistributary bays.Seven levels of sand body interfaces are identified in the T_(3)x^(1)_(5) sand group.Among them,the interfaces of the first and second levels were identified only in cores,those of the third and fourth levels were recog-nizable from cores combined with log curves,while those of the fifth,sixth,and seventh levels were distinguishable using seismic data.Three superimposed subaqueous distributary channel complexes are found in the Dongfeng area.Among them,complex 1 in the northwest exhibits the strongest water body energy,while complex 2 in the south displays the weakest.Complex 2 was formed earlier than com-plexes 1 and 3.Also,complex 1 is further subdivided into three vertically stacked subaqueous distrib-utary channels.The subdivision of sedimentary microfacies in the T_(3)x_(5) member reveals nine lithofacies types.Among them,stacked pancake-shaped,carbonaceous debris-bearing,massive,and cross-bedded medium-grained sandstones are considered favorable lithofacies.These four lithofacies types exhibit high porosity,as well as low natural gamma-ray(GR)values,low-to-medium deep investigate double lateral resistivity(RD),and high interval transit time(AC)on the log curves.Additionally,the reservoir distribution in the Dongfeng area was delineated based on the characterization of the favorable lith-ofacies.This study serves as a guide for future exploration and evaluation of the T_(3)x_(5) member in the Dongfeng area while also augmenting the methodologies for describing tight sandstone reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFF1205102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277019,22307031,22377023 and 22077143)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Hainan University(Nos.RZ2200001094,KYQD(ZR)-21031,and KYQD(ZR)-21108)Collaborative Innovation Center Funds for Hainan University(No.XTCX2022JKA01)the Science Foundation of Hainan Province(Nos.KJRC2023B10 and 824YXQN420)。
文摘Psoriasis is a common and chronic immune-mediated disorder that severely impacts the life quality of patients.Phosphodiesterase-4(PDE4)inhibitors have attracted significant interests in the psoriasis treatment due to their ability to suppress the inflammatory cascades.In this study,extensive screening of an in-house library of 1200 Chinese medicinal plant extracts identified Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco(P.orientalis)as a potent PDE4 inhibitor,exhibiting 42.7%inhibition at 0.2μg/m L.Subsequent bioassayguided isolation revealed flavonoids,particularly amentoflavone(AMF),as the principal component responsible for PDE4 inhibition.To enrich the effective ingredients,a purification protocol using microporous resin was developed,yielding a flavonoid-rich extract(FLDs)that efficiently increased AMF content from 6.2%to 72.3%and improved PDE4 inhibitory activity to 74.2%at 0.2μg/mL.Notably,P.orientalis with favorable safety profiles demonstrated superior in vitro and in vivo anti-psoriasis effects to both AMF and the approved PDE4 inhibitor apremilast.These findings highlight the potential of P.orientalis as a novel therapeutic agent for psoriasis and provide valuable insights for its development in psoriasis treatment.
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program(2021-02-08-00-12-F00792)Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC(3201101910).
文摘Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of favorable agronomic traits that often come at the expense of stress resistance.To identify potential genetic targets for improved stress tolerance,whole-genome sequencing(WGS)has been applied to wild and cultivated accessions.
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD,under contract No.300102264106the Shaanxi Natural Science Basic Research Program under contract No.2025JC-YBQN-370the Scientific and Technological Project of CNOOC Research Institute Co.,Ltd.under contract No.CCL2021RCPS0167KQN.
文摘The Zhujiang(Pearl)River Mouth Basin(PRMB)is located in the northern part of the South China Sea,and it is one of China’s three major offshore hydrocarbon-rich basins,playing an indispensable role in meeting the country’s energy needs.Exploration for oil in the PRMB started early and has achieved remarkable results in some sags,but many sags have yet to yield significant discoveries,necessitating the search for new favorable exploration areas.The aim of this study is to analyze the deep structural characteristics of various sags in the PRMB and predict favorable exploration areas,providing corresponding support for the next strategic breakthrough in oil exploration.Some studies indicate a certain relationship between the Moho depth and crustal thickness and the occurrence of oil.In this paper,based on satellite altimetry gravity anomaly data,we utilize a Moho depth inversion method based on variable residual crustal density to obtain the Moho depth in the PRMB,from which the crustal thickness and crustal stretching factor of the basin are calculated.The results show that the Moho depth in the PRMB ranges from 10 km to 37 km,the crustal thickness ranges from 7 km to 35 km,and the crustal stretching factor ranges from 0.9 to 3.0.Finally,we propose a comprehensive evaluation scheme for oil resoureces based on the CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method,which comprehensively evaluates multiple factors,such as the Cenozoic sedimentary filling scale,Cenozoic thickness,Moho depth,crustal thickness,and crustal stretching factor,and provides evaluation criteria for identifying hydrocarbon-rich sags.According to this evaluation scheme,the exploration potential is relatively high in the Liwan Sag,Jinghai Sag,Heshan Sag,and Jieyang Sag,which are favorable exploration areas.
文摘This article constructs statistical selection procedures for exponential populations that may differ in only the threshold parameters. The scale parameters of the populations are assumed common and known. The independent samples drawn from the populations are taken to be of the same size. The best population is defined as the one associated with the largest threshold parameter. In case more than one population share the largest threshold, one of these is tagged at random and denoted the best. Two procedures are developed for choosing a subset of the populations having the property that the chosen subset contains the best population with a prescribed probability. One procedure is based on the sample minimum values drawn from the populations, and another is based on the sample means from the populations. An “Indifference Zone” (IZ) selection procedure is also developed based on the sample minimum values. The IZ procedure asserts that the population with the largest test statistic (e.g., the sample minimum) is the best population. With this approach, the sample size is chosen so as to guarantee that the probability of a correct selection is no less than a prescribed probability in the parameter region where the largest threshold is at least a prescribed amount larger than the remaining thresholds. Numerical examples are given, and the computer R-codes for all calculations are given in the Appendices.
基金supported by the Open Research Fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(No.2021SLABFK09)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22109093)+1 种基金the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning and the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.19QA1403800)the Project of Innovative Development Agency of Republic of Uzbekistan(No.FZ-20200929177)and Shanghai Technical Service Computing Center of Science and Engineering,Shanghai University.
文摘Inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have stood out in recent years for their great potential in offering low-temperature compatibility,long-term stability and tandem cell suitability.However,challenges persist,particularly concerning the use of nickel oxide nanoparticles(NiO_(x)NPs)as the hole transport material,where issues such as low conductivity,impurity-induced aggregation and interface redox reactions significantly hinder device performance.In response,this study presents a novel synthesis method for NiO_(x)NPs,leveraging the introduction of ammonium salt dopants(NH_(4)Cl and NH_(4)SCN),and the solar cell utilizing the doped NiO_(x)substrate exhibits much enhanced device performance.Furthermore,doped solar cells reach 23.27%power conversion efficiency(PCE)when a self-assembled monolayer(SAM)is further employed.This study provides critical insights into the synthesis and growth pathways of NiO_(x)NPs,propelling the development of efficient hole transport materials for high-performance PSCs.
基金Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Open Fund(CB2022A11)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260510)+3 种基金Innovation talent Program in Sciences and Technologies of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,China(2021CB028)Key Programs for Science and Technology Development of Shihezi city,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops,China(2022NY01)Science and Technology Planning of Shuanghe city,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops,China(2021NY02)key programs for science and technology development in agricultural field of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,China.
文摘Background Cotton is an economically important crop.It is crucial to find an effective method to improve cotton yield,and one approach is to decrease the abscission of cotton bolls and buds.However,the lack of knowledge of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying cotton boll abscission traits has hindered genetic improvements.Results Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between boll abscission rates 1(AR1)and boll abscission rates 2(AR2).A genome-wide association study was conducted on 145 loci that exhibited high polymorphism and were uniformly distributed across 26 chromosomes(pair).The study revealed 18,46,and 62 markers that were significantly associated with boll abscission,fiber quality,and yield traits(P<0.05),explaining 1.75%–7.13%,1.16%–9.58%,and 1.40%–5.44%of the phenotypic variation,respectively.Notably,the marker MON_SHIN-1584b was associated with the cotton boll abscission trait,whereas MON_CGR5732a was associated with cotton boll abscission and fiber quality traits.Thirteen of the marker loci identified in this study had been previously reported.Based on phenotypic effects,six typical cultivars with elite alleles related to cotton boll abscission,fiber quality,and yield traits were identified.These cultivars hold great promise for widespread utilization in breeding programs.Conclusions These results lay the foundation for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of cotton boll abscission and provide data for the future improvement of cotton breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41927801)the Major Special Project of Yunnan Province(202302AF080001)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province(202303AA080006).
文摘China is tectonically composed of a series of plates and orogenic belts and has been influenced by the Pacific and Indian plates since the Late Paleozoic,forming a regular distribution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic granites.As an important source of geothermal energy,granite is thefive elements of geothermal enrichment:geothermal sources;geothermal reservoirs;heat transmission;heat caprock;and heat preservation and it is possible to classify the types of geothermal resources in China according to their distribution in combination with neotectonic movements.China's geothermal energy can be divided into hydrothermal and hot dry rock types in basins and orogenic belts,respectively.Geothermal resources can be divided into hydrothermal,rock,magma,and hybrid geothermal types according to the heat carrier type.Basin geothermal resources are dominated by hydrothermal types,while geothermal energy in orogenic belts with granite includes both hydrothermal and hot dry rock types.Geothermal resources in China can be divided into 6 distinct geothermal regions and 13 subregions,of which the Southwest and Southeast China regions and the Qaidam-Qilian and Jiaoliao subregions in North China with Mesozoic and Cenozoic granites are the most favorable areas for high-temperature hydrothermal and hot dry rock sources.China has complex geological conditions,diverse types of geothermal resources,and broad prospects for development and utilization.Having performed extensive shallow hydrothermal geothermal development and utilization and completed various power generation tests,China's geothermal development and utilization is in a critical stage of transition from the direct utilization of shallow hydrothermal resources to high-temperature geothermal or hot dry rock power generation in middle and deep layers.Basic theoretical research,key technology breakthroughs,and policy incentives are the main issues that need to be addressed in the geothermal industry.
基金Supported by the Petro China Science and Technology Project(2023YQX10101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372165)。
文摘Based on the research progress of the geological theory of coal-formed gas,the contributions of coal-formed gas to the natural gas reserves and production in China and to the development of natural gas in major gas-producing basins are analyzed,and the key favorable exploration zones for coal-formed gas in China are comprehensively evaluated.The following results are obtained.First,coal measures are good gas source rocks,and hydrocarbon generation from coal measure was dominated by gas,followed by oil.Second,a natural gas genetic identification index system based on stable isotopes,light hydrocarbon components,and biomarkers is established.Third,the quantitative and semi-quantitative factors controlling the formation of large gas fields,represented by the indicator of gas generation intensity greater than 20×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2),are identified to guide the discovery of large gas fields in China.Fourth,coal-formed gas is the major contributor to the current natural gas reserves and production of China,both accounting for over 55%.The high proportion of coal-formed gas has enabled the Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos basins to be the major gas production areas in China.Fifth,coal rock gas is an important field for future exploration of coal-formed gas,and key zones include the Carboniferous Benxi Formation(Fm.)in the Wushenqi-Mizhi area of the Ordos Basin,the Permian Longtan Fm.in central-southern Sichuan Basin,the Jurassic Xishanyao Fm.in the southern margin and Luliang uplift of the Junggar Basin.Sixth,tight gas is the main area for increasing reserves and production,and the favorable exploration zones include the Carboniferous-Permian in southern Ordos Basin and the Bohai Bay Basin,and the Triassic Xujiahe Fm.in the transition zone between central and western Sichuan Basin.Seventh,the Jurassic in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin is a key favorable exploration zone for subsequent investigation of conventional coal-formed gas.These insights have valuable theoretical and practical significance for further developing and improving the theory of coal-formed gas,and guiding the exploration of coal-formed gas fields in China.
基金The Scientific and Technological Project of China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)Research Institute Co.,Ltd.under contract No.CCL2021RCPS0167KQNthe Open Fund Project for the year 2022 of National Engineering Research Center of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration under contract No.CCL2022RCPS0794RQN。
文摘The deep crustal structure is closely related to oil and gas reserves.Predicting the oil and gas enrichment of depressions based on the Moho depth and crustal thickness is a promising research topic with significant implications for guiding exploration in petroliferous basins.In this study,seismic data were used as a constraint on the use of satellite gravity anomaly inversion to obtain the distribution of Moho depth and crustal thickness in the Bohai Basin.Stretching factors were calculated to analyze the differential distribution of deep crustal structural activity.Four indicators,including the minimum Moho depth,minimum crustal thickness,sum of Moho stretching factors,and sum of crustal stretching factors,were selected.Principal component analysis was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the multi-indicator system and obtain an oil and gas enrichment score for quantitative prediction of favorable prolific depressions.The deviation between the inverted Moho depth and seismic constraints was small;thus,the data effectively reflect the variations in the characteristics of each depression.The analysis revealed significant statistical features related to the minimum Moho depth/crustal thickness and the sum of Moho/crustal stretching factors associated with prolific depressions.Based on the oil and gas enrichment score,the depressions were classified into four categories related to their different deep crustal structural characteristics.Highly active ClassⅠ,ClassⅡ,and ClassⅢdepressions are predicted to be favorable prolific depressions.This study expands the research on quantitatively predicting favorable prolific depressions in the Bohai Basin using the deep crustal structure and can contribute to reducing production costs and improving exploration efficiency in future explorations.
文摘This article addresses the issue of computing the constant required to implement a specific nonparametric subset selection procedure based on ranks of data arising in a statistical randomized block experimental design. A model of three populations and two blocks is used to compute the probability distribution of the relevant statistic, the maximum of the population rank sums minus the rank sum of the “best” population. Calculations are done for populations following a normal distribution, and for populations following a bi-uniform distribution. The least favorable configuration in these cases is shown to arise when all three populations follow identical distributions. The bi-uniform distribution leads to an asymptotic counterexample to the conjecture that the least favorable configuration, i.e., that configuration minimizing the probability of a correct selection, occurs when all populations are identically distributed. These results are consistent with other large-scale simulation studies. All relevant computational R-codes are provided in appendices.
文摘President Xi Jinping calls for greater efforts to make China a talent-strong country.COUNTRIES are competing to attract talents-as seen in the U.K.’s launching the Global Talent Visa and Singapore announcing the Tech@SG Programme.With a population of over 1.4 billion,China is also eager to attract talents,having a long tradition of valuing talents,as reflected in the Chinese idiom“Seek talents as if you are thirsty.”In recent years,Chinese President Xi Jinping has frequently emphasized the topic of talent,with three points standing out:the spirit of scientists,a favorable environment for talents,and promoting related international exchange and cooperation.
基金Supported by the Cooperation Project of China National Natural Science Foundation and Petro China(U23B20154)Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Petro China and Southwest Petroleum University(2020CX010000)。
文摘Based on 2D and 3D seismic data and well logging data,this paper studies the distribution of well-seismic stratigraphic filling and shoal controlled reservoirs of Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in the south slope of Leshan-Longnüsi paleouplift in the Sichuan Basin,to reveal the genetic relationship between stratigraphic filling,paleogeomorphology and large-scale grain shoal.(1)The Xixiangchi Formation in the study area is overlapped and filled gradually to the Leshan-Longnüsi paleouplift,but gets thin sharply due to truncation only near the denudation pinch-out line of the paleouplift.Two overlap slope break belts and one erosion slope break belt are identified,and the Xixiangchi Formation is divided into 4 members from bottom to top.(2)The filling pattern of the overlapping at the base and erosion at the top indicates that the thickness of Xixiangchi Formation can reflect the pre-depositional paleogeomorphology,and reveals that the studied area has a monoclinal geomorphic feature of plunging to southeast and being controlled by multistage slope break belts.(3)The large-scale grain shoals and shoal controlled reservoirs are developed longitudinally in the third and fourth members of the Xixiangchi Formation,and laterally in the vicinity of the multistage overlap slope break belts.(4)Overlap slope break belts are closely related to northwest trending reverse faults.The western margin of the South China Plate converging with the Qiangtang-Himalaya massif in the middle-late Cambrian resulted in the rapid uplift of the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Plate and expanding toward southeast,leaving gradually plunging multistage slope breaks and large-scale northeast grain shoal reservoir belts.Considering oil and gas test results,it is predicted that the favorable exploration zone of the grain shoal controlled reservoirs covers an area of 3340 km^(2).
