China has abundant resources of hot dry rocks.However,due to the fact that the evaluation methods for favorable areas are mainly qualitative,and the evaluation indicators and standards are inconsistent,which restrict ...China has abundant resources of hot dry rocks.However,due to the fact that the evaluation methods for favorable areas are mainly qualitative,and the evaluation indicators and standards are inconsistent,which restrict the evaluation efficiency and exploration process of dry hot rocks.This paper is based on the understanding of the geologic features and genesis mechanisms of hot dry rocks in China and abroad.By integrating the main controlling factors of hot dry rock formation,and using index grading and quantification,the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive method is applied to establish an evaluation system and standards for favorable areas of hot dry rocks.The evaluation system is based on four indicators:heat source,thermal channel,thermal reservoir and cap rock.It includes 11 evaluation parameters,including time of magmatic/volcanic activity,depth of molten mass or magma chamber,distribution of discordogenic faults,burial depth of thermal reservoir,cap rock type and thickness,surface thermal anomaly,heat flow,geothermal gradient,Moho depth,Curie depth,Earthquake magnitude and focal depth.Each parameter is divided into 3 levels.Applying this evaluation system to assess hot dry rock in central Inner Mongolia revealed that Class I favorable zones cover approximately 494 km^(2),while Class II favorable zones span about 5.7×10^(4) km^(2).The Jirgalangtu Sag and Honghaershute Sag in the Erlian Basin,along with Reshuitang Town in Keshiketeng Banner,Reshui Town in Ningcheng County,and Reshuitang Town in Aohan Banner of Chifeng City,are identified as Class I favorable zones for hot dry rock resources.These areas are characterized by high-temperature subsurface molten bodies or magma chambers serving as high-quality heat sources,shallow thermal reservoir depths,and overlying thick sedimentary rock layers acting as caprock.The establishment and application of the evaluation system for favorable areas of hot dry rock are expected to provide new approaches and scientific basis for guiding the practice of selecting hot dry rock areas in China.展开更多
Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase alle...Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase allele mining using six updated FNP marker systems,the functional haplotypes at Pit,Pib,and Pi63 strictly diverged into the X-populations and were defined as X-R loci,while those at Pi54,Pi37,and Pi36 into the G-populations as G-R loci.The genic diversity at the three X-R loci(16 alleles)was twofold higher than that at the three G-R loci(8 alleles),and the allelic diversity in the Southern region(21 alleles)was nearly double that in the Northeastern region(11 alleles).Both observations reflect a significant difference in genetic diversity between X-and G-populations,and indicate that the effective R-genes mainly originated from X-subspecies.Based on the allelic structures characterized by a set of 10 parameters,8 and 16 alleles were respectively recognized as favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The genotypic structures of the two regional populations were almost different,indicating that the diverged alleles have been further assembled into two series of regional genotypes through long-term breeding programs,despite the presence of one-third of region-common alleles.The genotypic diversity in the Southern region(55 genotypes)was nearly twice as high as that in the Northeastern region(28),which perfectly reflects the aforementioned differences in both genic and allelic diversities.After analyzing the genotypic structures using a set of 13 parameters,4 and 23 genotypes,respectively,can be recommended as the favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The case study serves as a concrete sample of how to identify the favorable and promising alleles and genotypes,and beneficial parents based their comprehensive population structures for gene-designed breeding.展开更多
Psoriasis is a common and chronic immune-mediated disorder that severely impacts the life quality of patients.Phosphodiesterase-4(PDE4)inhibitors have attracted significant interests in the psoriasis treatment due to ...Psoriasis is a common and chronic immune-mediated disorder that severely impacts the life quality of patients.Phosphodiesterase-4(PDE4)inhibitors have attracted significant interests in the psoriasis treatment due to their ability to suppress the inflammatory cascades.In this study,extensive screening of an in-house library of 1200 Chinese medicinal plant extracts identified Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco(P.orientalis)as a potent PDE4 inhibitor,exhibiting 42.7%inhibition at 0.2μg/m L.Subsequent bioassayguided isolation revealed flavonoids,particularly amentoflavone(AMF),as the principal component responsible for PDE4 inhibition.To enrich the effective ingredients,a purification protocol using microporous resin was developed,yielding a flavonoid-rich extract(FLDs)that efficiently increased AMF content from 6.2%to 72.3%and improved PDE4 inhibitory activity to 74.2%at 0.2μg/mL.Notably,P.orientalis with favorable safety profiles demonstrated superior in vitro and in vivo anti-psoriasis effects to both AMF and the approved PDE4 inhibitor apremilast.These findings highlight the potential of P.orientalis as a novel therapeutic agent for psoriasis and provide valuable insights for its development in psoriasis treatment.展开更多
The Zhujiang(Pearl)River Mouth Basin(PRMB)is located in the northern part of the South China Sea,and it is one of China’s three major offshore hydrocarbon-rich basins,playing an indispensable role in meeting the coun...The Zhujiang(Pearl)River Mouth Basin(PRMB)is located in the northern part of the South China Sea,and it is one of China’s three major offshore hydrocarbon-rich basins,playing an indispensable role in meeting the country’s energy needs.Exploration for oil in the PRMB started early and has achieved remarkable results in some sags,but many sags have yet to yield significant discoveries,necessitating the search for new favorable exploration areas.The aim of this study is to analyze the deep structural characteristics of various sags in the PRMB and predict favorable exploration areas,providing corresponding support for the next strategic breakthrough in oil exploration.Some studies indicate a certain relationship between the Moho depth and crustal thickness and the occurrence of oil.In this paper,based on satellite altimetry gravity anomaly data,we utilize a Moho depth inversion method based on variable residual crustal density to obtain the Moho depth in the PRMB,from which the crustal thickness and crustal stretching factor of the basin are calculated.The results show that the Moho depth in the PRMB ranges from 10 km to 37 km,the crustal thickness ranges from 7 km to 35 km,and the crustal stretching factor ranges from 0.9 to 3.0.Finally,we propose a comprehensive evaluation scheme for oil resoureces based on the CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method,which comprehensively evaluates multiple factors,such as the Cenozoic sedimentary filling scale,Cenozoic thickness,Moho depth,crustal thickness,and crustal stretching factor,and provides evaluation criteria for identifying hydrocarbon-rich sags.According to this evaluation scheme,the exploration potential is relatively high in the Liwan Sag,Jinghai Sag,Heshan Sag,and Jieyang Sag,which are favorable exploration areas.展开更多
Based on 2D and 3D seismic data and well logging data,this paper studies the distribution of well-seismic stratigraphic filling and shoal controlled reservoirs of Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in the south slope...Based on 2D and 3D seismic data and well logging data,this paper studies the distribution of well-seismic stratigraphic filling and shoal controlled reservoirs of Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in the south slope of Leshan-Longnüsi paleouplift in the Sichuan Basin,to reveal the genetic relationship between stratigraphic filling,paleogeomorphology and large-scale grain shoal.(1)The Xixiangchi Formation in the study area is overlapped and filled gradually to the Leshan-Longnüsi paleouplift,but gets thin sharply due to truncation only near the denudation pinch-out line of the paleouplift.Two overlap slope break belts and one erosion slope break belt are identified,and the Xixiangchi Formation is divided into 4 members from bottom to top.(2)The filling pattern of the overlapping at the base and erosion at the top indicates that the thickness of Xixiangchi Formation can reflect the pre-depositional paleogeomorphology,and reveals that the studied area has a monoclinal geomorphic feature of plunging to southeast and being controlled by multistage slope break belts.(3)The large-scale grain shoals and shoal controlled reservoirs are developed longitudinally in the third and fourth members of the Xixiangchi Formation,and laterally in the vicinity of the multistage overlap slope break belts.(4)Overlap slope break belts are closely related to northwest trending reverse faults.The western margin of the South China Plate converging with the Qiangtang-Himalaya massif in the middle-late Cambrian resulted in the rapid uplift of the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Plate and expanding toward southeast,leaving gradually plunging multistage slope breaks and large-scale northeast grain shoal reservoir belts.Considering oil and gas test results,it is predicted that the favorable exploration zone of the grain shoal controlled reservoirs covers an area of 3340 km^(2).展开更多
We analyzed the amino acid residues present in the water-soluble and transmembrane proteins of 6 thermophilic and 6 mesophilic species of the domains Archaea and Eubacteria, and characterized them as favorable or unfa...We analyzed the amino acid residues present in the water-soluble and transmembrane proteins of 6 thermophilic and 6 mesophilic species of the domains Archaea and Eubacteria, and characterized them as favorable or unfavorable. The characterization was performed by comparing the observed number of each amino acid residue to the expected number calculated from the percentage of nucleotides present in each gene. Amino acids that were more or less abundant than expected were considered as favorable or unfavorable, respectively. Comparisons of amino acid compositions indicated that the water-soluble proteins were rich in charged residues such as Glu, Asp, Lys, and His, whereas hydrophobic residues such as Trp, Phe, and Leu were abundant in transmembrane proteins. Interestingly, our results found that although the Trp residue was abundant in transmembrane proteins, it was not defined as favorable by our calculations, indicating that increased numbers of a particular amino acid does not necessary indicate it is a favorable residue. Amino acids with high G + C content such as Ala, Gly, and Pro were frequently observed as favorable in species with low G + C content. Comparatively, amino acids with low G + C content such as Phe, Tyr, Lys, Ile, and Met were frequently observed as favorable in species with high G + C content. These are the examples to increase the supply of amino acids than expected. Amino acids with neutral G + C content, i.e., Glu and Asp were favorable in water-soluble proteins from all species analyzed, and Cys was unfavorable both in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins. These results indicate that amino acid compositions are essentially determined by the nucleotide sequence of the genes, and the amino acid content is altered by a deviation from expectation.展开更多
The geologic conditions of superimposed basins in China are very complicated. This is mainly shown by multi-phase structural evolution, multiple sets of source-reservoir-cap rock combinations, multiple stages of hydro...The geologic conditions of superimposed basins in China are very complicated. This is mainly shown by multi-phase structural evolution, multiple sets of source-reservoir-cap rock combinations, multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks, multi-cycle hydrocarbon enrichment and accumulation, and multi-phase reservoir adjustment and reconstruction. The enrichment, accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbon is mainly controlled by the source rock kitchen, paleo- anticline, regional cap rock and intensity of tectonic movement. In this paper, the T-BCMS model has been developed to predict favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation in complicated superimposed basins according to time and spatial relationships among five key factors. The five factors include unconformity surface representing tectonic balancing （B）, regional cap rock representing hydrocarbon protection （C）, paleo-anticline representing hydrocarbon migration and accumulation （M）, source rock kitchen representing hydrocarbon generation and expulsion （S） and geological time （T）. There are three necessary conditions to form favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation. First, four key factors BCMS should be strictly in the order of BCMS from top to bottom. Second, superimposition of four key factors BCMS in the same area is the most favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Third, vertically ordered combination and superimposition in the same area of BCMS should occur at the same geological time. The model has been used to predict the most favorable exploration areas in Ordovician in the Tarim Basin in the main hydrocarbon accumulation periods. The result shows that 95% of the discovered Ordovician hydrocarbon reservoirs are located in the predicted areas, which indicates the feasibility and reliability of the key factor matching T-BCMS model for hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment.展开更多
This study examines the characteristics and pore evolution of the Baikouquan conglomerate reservoir in the Mahu sag of the Junggar Basin from original sedimentation and diagenesis.Analysis is based on core observation...This study examines the characteristics and pore evolution of the Baikouquan conglomerate reservoir in the Mahu sag of the Junggar Basin from original sedimentation and diagenesis.Analysis is based on core observation,thin section,X-ray diffraction,cathodoluminescence and image analysis,and combined with physical property and well log data.The results show that conglomerate reservoir in the Baikouquan Formation can be divided into three lithofacies types:TypeⅠis argillaceous filling conglomerate facies,in which cementation and dissolution are not developed,and the interstitial material is mainly argillaceous;TypeⅡis tuffaceous filling in fine conglomerate facies,in which volcanic rock debris,illite and dissolution are developed;TypeⅢis sandstone filling conglomerate facies,in which cementation and dissolution are developed.The reservoir undergoes complex diagenesis,and the diagenetic sequence is:compaction→early chlorite film→early calcite cementation→detritus,feldspar and tuffaceous dissolution→quartz secondary enlargement→late calcite cementation→oil invasion→forming illite.Quantitative study of pore evolution shows that dissolution and calcite cementation are relatively developed in lithofacies Type III,and that compaction has a great influence on lithofacies TypeⅠand II.According to comprehensive evaluation of lithofacies,diagenesis and pore structure characteristics,the reservoir space type is mainly the dissolution pore.It is mainly primarily mainly composed of lithofacies Type III,thickness of the gravel body is more than 25 m,porosity is generally more than 12%,which represents favorable conditions for the distribution of favorable reservoir.展开更多
Superimposed basins in West China have experienced multi-stage tectonic events and multicycle hydrocarbon reservoir formation, and complex hydrocarbon reservoirs have been discovered widely in basins of this kind. Mos...Superimposed basins in West China have experienced multi-stage tectonic events and multicycle hydrocarbon reservoir formation, and complex hydrocarbon reservoirs have been discovered widely in basins of this kind. Most of the complex hydrocarbon reservoirs are characterized by relocation, scale re-construction, component variation and phase state transformation, and their distributions are very difficult to predict. Research shows that regional caprock （C）, high-quality sedimentary facies （Deposits, D）, paleohighs （Mountain, M） and source rock （S） are four geologic elements contributing to complex hydrocarbon reservoir formation and distribution of western superimposed basins. Longitudinal sequential combinations of the four elements control the strata of hydrocarbon reservoir formation, and planar superimpositions and combinations control the range of hydrocarbon reservoir and their simultaneous joint effects in geohistory determine the time of hydrocarbon reservoir formation. Multiple-element matching reservoir formation presents a basic mode of reservoir formation in superimposed basins, and we recommend it is expressed as T-CDMS. Based on the multiple-element matching reservoir formation mode, a comprehensive reservoir formation index （Tcdms） is developed in this paper to characterize reservoir formation conditions, and a method is presented to predict reservoir formation range and probability of occurrence in superimposed basins. Through application of new theory, methods and technology, the favorable reservoir formation range and probability of occurrence in the Ordovician target zone in Tarim Basin in four different reservoir formation periods are predicted. Results show that central Tarim, Yinmaili and Lunnan are the three most favorable regions where Ordovician oil and gas fields may have formed. The coincidence of prediction results with currently discovered hydrocarbon reservoirs reaches 97 %. This reflects the effectiveness and reliability of the new theory, methods and technology.展开更多
Lignin and its derivatives hold great potential in developing high performance porous carbon materials for supercapacitors due to the versatile features of high carbon content, abundant multifunctional groups,low cost...Lignin and its derivatives hold great potential in developing high performance porous carbon materials for supercapacitors due to the versatile features of high carbon content, abundant multifunctional groups,low cost, and environmental benefits. Unfortunately, their derived porous carbon generally has the features of unfavorable microporous-dominated morphologies and low specific surface area(SSA) attributed from the highly-branched structure of lignin, which are hardly suitable for the supercapacitors with ionic liquid(IL) electrolyte, leading to poor energy density and rate capability. Herein, porous carbon materials with desirable mesoporous contributions from sodium lignosulphonate are designed via a facile template method. Such rich mesoporisity carbon materials not only possess with three-dimensional interconnected network, large SSA, as well as favorable pore size distribution for accelerated ion and electron mass transfer, but also feature low heteroatom content for high electrochemical stability. Consequently, the optimal electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 166 F/g at 0.5 A/g, superior rate performance(59 Wh/kg at 59 kW/kg), as well as impressive cycle life with good capacitance retention of 93.1% in EMIBF4 electrolytes. The present work opens a new avenue to design porous carbon materials with high mesopore properties from lignin for effective compatibility with IL electrolyte in high-performance supercapacitors.展开更多
Based on core description,thin section identification,X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscopy,low-temperature gas adsorption and high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry,the shale lithofacies of Sha...Based on core description,thin section identification,X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscopy,low-temperature gas adsorption and high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry,the shale lithofacies of Shan23 sub-member of Permian Shanxi Formation in the east margin of Ordos Basin was systematically analyzed in this study.The Shan23 sub-member has six lithofacies,namely,low TOC clay shale(C-L),low TOC siliceous shale(S-L),medium TOC siliceous shale(S-M),medium TOC hybrid shale(M-M),high TOC siliceous shale(S-H),and high TOC clay shale(C-H).Among them,S-H is the best lithofacies,S-M and M-M are the second best.The C-L and C-H lithofacies,mainly found in the upper part of Shan23 sub-member,generally developed in tide-dominated delta facies;the S-L,S-M,S-H and M-M shales occurring in the lower part of Shan23 sub-member developed in tide-dominated estuarine bay facies.The S-H,S-M and M-M shales have good pore struc-ture and largely organic matter pores and mineral interparticle pores,including interlayer pore in clay minerals,pyrite inter-crystalline pore,and mineral dissolution pore.C-L and S-L shales have mainly mineral interparticle pores and clay mineral in-terlayer pores,and a small amount of organic matter pores,showing poorer pore structure.The C-H shale has organic mi-cro-pores and a small number of interlayer fissures of clay minerals,showing good micro-pore structure,and poor meso-pore and macro-pore structure.The formation of favorable lithofacies is jointly controlled by depositional environment and diagen-esis.Shallow bay-lagoon depositional environment is conducive to the formation of type II2 kerogen which can produce a large number of organic cellular pores.Besides,the rich biogenic silica is conducive to the preservation of primary pores and en-hances the fracability of the shale reservoir.展开更多
In rice,the Yongyou series of Xian-Geng intersubspecific hybrids have excellent production performance,as shown by their extremely high yield.However,the mechanisms underlying the success of these rice hybrids are unc...In rice,the Yongyou series of Xian-Geng intersubspecific hybrids have excellent production performance,as shown by their extremely high yield.However,the mechanisms underlying the success of these rice hybrids are unclear.In this study,three F2 populations are generated from three Yongyou hybrids to determine the genetic basis of the extremely high yield of intersubspecific hybrids.Genome constitution analysis reveals that the female and male parental lines belong to the Geng and Xian subspecies,respectively,although introgression of 20%of the Xian ancestry and 14%of the Geng ancestry are observed.Twenty-five percent of the hybrid genomes carries homozygous Xian or Geng fragments,which harbors hybrid sterility genes such as Sd,Sc,f5,and q S12 and favorable alleles of key yield-related genes,including NAL1,Ghd7,and Ghd8.None of the parents carries the S5+killer of the S5 killer-protector system.Compatible allele combinations of hybrid sterility genes ensure the fertility of these intersubspecific hybrids and overcome the bottleneck in applying intersubspecific hybrids.Additive effects of favorable alleles of yield-related genes fixed in both parents enhances midparent values.Many QTLs for yield and its key component spikelets per panicle shows dominance and the net positive dominant effects lead to heterosis.These factors result in an extremely high yield of the hybrids.These findings will aid in the development of new intersubspecific rice hybrids with diverse genetic backgrounds.展开更多
This study evaluated the hydrocarbon-bearing potential of Upper Jurassic marine source rocks in the Qiangtang （羌塘） Basin through a comprehensive organic geochemical analysis of the samples from a large number of o...This study evaluated the hydrocarbon-bearing potential of Upper Jurassic marine source rocks in the Qiangtang （羌塘） Basin through a comprehensive organic geochemical analysis of the samples from a large number of outcrops in different structural units to predict the location of favorable hydro- carbon kitchens, based on the evaluation standards of Mesozoic marine source rocks in the Qiangtang Ba- sin. Rocks＇ depositional environment, thickness and organic geochemistry feature were analyzed in this study. The principal controlling factors of the occurrences of favorable source rocks were analyzed. Upper Jurassic Suowa （索瓦） Formation source rocks are mainly platform limestone in the Dongcuo （洞错）-Hulu （葫芦） Lake deep sag and Tupocuo （吐坡错）-Baitan （白滩） Lake deep sag. Lithologically, the Suowa Fro- mation is made up of a suite of marls in intra-platform sags, micrites and black shales, which were all de- posited in the closed, deep and static water depositional environment. Marl could form hydrocarbon-rich source rocks and its organic matter type is mainly II type in mature to highly-mature stage, the limestone forms a medium-level source rock. In addition, the favorable source kitchen of limestone is larger than that of mudstone. This study provides an important reference for the evaluation of Jurassic marine source rocks and for prediction of petroleum resources in the Qiangtang Basin.展开更多
Based on the productivity equation of coalbed methane (CBM) well, considering the impact of coal reservoir reformability on gas well productivity, the main production layer optimization index in the “three-step metho...Based on the productivity equation of coalbed methane (CBM) well, considering the impact of coal reservoir reformability on gas well productivity, the main production layer optimization index in the “three-step method” of optimal combination of production layers is corrected, and then the CBM production layer potential index is introduced to evaluate favorable areas for commingled multi-coal seam production. Through analysis of the key parameters of coal reservoirs affecting the CBM productivity index, a development unit division method for areas with multi-coal seams is established, and a quantitative grading index system is proposed. On this basis, the evaluation process of CBM development favorable area is developed: the mature 3-D modeling technology is used to characterize the reservoir physical properties of multi-coal seams in full-scale;the production layer potential index of each grid is calculated, and the production layer potential index contour under single-layer or commingled multi-layer production are plotted;according to the distribution of the contour of production layer potential index, the quantitative index of CBM development unit is adopted to outline the grade I, II, III coal reservoir distribution areas, and thus to pick out the favorable development areas. The practical application in the Yuwang block of Laochang in Yunnan proved that the favorable area evaluation process proposed can effectively overcome the defects of selecting favorable development areas only relying on evaluation results of a major coal seam pay, and enhance the accuracy of the evaluation results, meeting the requirements of selecting favorable areas for multi-coal seam commingled CBM production.展开更多
Background: In recent years, a number of initiatives aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles in health-friendly environments have been implemented.The purpose of this review is to synthesize initiatives conducted in Can...Background: In recent years, a number of initiatives aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles in health-friendly environments have been implemented.The purpose of this review is to synthesize initiatives conducted in Canada and documented in publications for the period 1995–2015 in order to gain a better understanding of their objectives and impacts.Methods: A systematic review of Canadian initiatives published over the past 20 years was conducted from multiple databases(i.e., Scopus,SPORTDiscus, Pub Med, Academic search complete, Reseausante.com, Cairn, and Erudit). In total, 264 publications were identified and retained for the final analysis based on 5 criteria:(1) publication between 1995 and 2015,(2) online availability,(3) research conducted in Canada,(4) main topic related to environments favorable to healthy lifestyles(EFHL), and(5) publication in French or English.Results: A sharp increase in the number of studies on EFHL was observed between 2010 and 2015(57%). Two major lifestyle components—physical activity and nutrition—and 2 environmental aspects—neighborhood and built environment—were the elements most frequently examined regarding adults(48%), young people(34%), and seniors(9%), using quantitative(60%) and qualitative(18%) methods. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a greater focus on the municipal(53%) than the national or provincial levels(31%).Conclusion: This work is a first map of Canadian studies related to EFHL. It clarifies the definition of EFHL and classifies its components. As well,it documents the issues raised, the research methods employed, and the role of stakeholders, while outlining a new research agenda that includes dimensions of EFHL formerly neglected by researchers, namely, political and sociocultural spheres of action.? 2018 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
The Tacheng basin has been identified as a Carboniferous basement with a central uplift, sur- rounded by orogenic belts. This identification was based on the comprehensive analysis of field outcrops, regional magnetic...The Tacheng basin has been identified as a Carboniferous basement with a central uplift, sur- rounded by orogenic belts. This identification was based on the comprehensive analysis of field outcrops, regional magnetic and gravimetric data, skeleton seismic profiles, magnetotelluric profiles and drilling data. Here, we present gravimetric and magnetic data analyses of the basement structures of the Tacheng basin and its base formation. We also provide a magnetotelluric profile analysis of the structural features and tectonic framework of basin-mountain patterns. We use local geology, drilling data, and other comprehensive information to document the tectonic framework of the basement of the basin. Small-scale nappe structures are found in the northern basin, whereas stronger and more pronounced thrusting structures are found to the south and east of the basin. The basin is divided into four first-order tectonic units： a central uplift, a northern depression, a southeastern depression and a western depression. In addition, the Emin sag is suggested as a possible reservoir for oil and gas.展开更多
The properties of grassy edge-localized modes(ELMs)in EAST in the favorable and unfavorable Btare statistically studied.Statistical analysis indicates that there is no systematical difference in the frequencies of gra...The properties of grassy edge-localized modes(ELMs)in EAST in the favorable and unfavorable Btare statistically studied.Statistical analysis indicates that there is no systematical difference in the frequencies of grassy ELMs under the two different magnetic configurations in the similar parameter spaces.The high-frequency grassy ELM(fELM>1 k Hz)in unfavorable Bt is dependent on the high poloidal betaβpand high triangularityδu,while the high-frequency grassy ELM(fELM>1k Hz)in favorable Btappears to rely on the high plasma density.A frequently occurring phenomenon in favorable Btdefined as‘clustered ELM’seems to be the most evident difference in ELM behavior between favorable and unfavorable Bt.Statistical analysis shows that larger plasma-wall outer gap,longer plasma elongation,lower low-hybrid wave heating power and electron cyclotron resonance heating power favor the occurrence of clustered grassy ELMs.Further studies indicate that the generation of clustered grassy ELMs could be correlated with the lower electron temperature in the bulk plasma.展开更多
1.ObjectivesSouthern Qinghai-northem Tibet permafrost region is a place having the most widespread and most developed permafrost in China with good mineralization conditions and prospecting potentials for gas hydrate ...1.ObjectivesSouthern Qinghai-northem Tibet permafrost region is a place having the most widespread and most developed permafrost in China with good mineralization conditions and prospecting potentials for gas hydrate (Zhu YH et al.,2011). In 2011,China Geological Survey initiated a special national program entitled "Gas hydrate resource exploration and trial mining",which signaled a prelude to a comprehensive gas hydrate survey in southern Qinghai-northern Tibet permafrost region.So far,appreciable progress has been made in the geological,geophysical,geochemical and drilling survey across a number of key blocks.This paper is intended to examine the fundamental conditions for gas hydrate mineralization based on previous findings,delineate favorable zones for gas hydrate mineralization,and to make contributions to the onshore gas hydrate resource exploration in China.展开更多
I will discuss the current international environment China is facing from the following three aspects: First, it is necessary to calmly and obiectively evaluate other countries’ attitude toward China because this inv...I will discuss the current international environment China is facing from the following three aspects: First, it is necessary to calmly and obiectively evaluate other countries’ attitude toward China because this involves their China展开更多
基金Supported by PetroChina Prospective and Basic Technological Project(2022DJ5503).
文摘China has abundant resources of hot dry rocks.However,due to the fact that the evaluation methods for favorable areas are mainly qualitative,and the evaluation indicators and standards are inconsistent,which restrict the evaluation efficiency and exploration process of dry hot rocks.This paper is based on the understanding of the geologic features and genesis mechanisms of hot dry rocks in China and abroad.By integrating the main controlling factors of hot dry rock formation,and using index grading and quantification,the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive method is applied to establish an evaluation system and standards for favorable areas of hot dry rocks.The evaluation system is based on four indicators:heat source,thermal channel,thermal reservoir and cap rock.It includes 11 evaluation parameters,including time of magmatic/volcanic activity,depth of molten mass or magma chamber,distribution of discordogenic faults,burial depth of thermal reservoir,cap rock type and thickness,surface thermal anomaly,heat flow,geothermal gradient,Moho depth,Curie depth,Earthquake magnitude and focal depth.Each parameter is divided into 3 levels.Applying this evaluation system to assess hot dry rock in central Inner Mongolia revealed that Class I favorable zones cover approximately 494 km^(2),while Class II favorable zones span about 5.7×10^(4) km^(2).The Jirgalangtu Sag and Honghaershute Sag in the Erlian Basin,along with Reshuitang Town in Keshiketeng Banner,Reshui Town in Ningcheng County,and Reshuitang Town in Aohan Banner of Chifeng City,are identified as Class I favorable zones for hot dry rock resources.These areas are characterized by high-temperature subsurface molten bodies or magma chambers serving as high-quality heat sources,shallow thermal reservoir depths,and overlying thick sedimentary rock layers acting as caprock.The establishment and application of the evaluation system for favorable areas of hot dry rock are expected to provide new approaches and scientific basis for guiding the practice of selecting hot dry rock areas in China.
基金funded by grants from the National Key R&D Project(2023YFD1400201-02,2023YFD1400203-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870137)+1 种基金the National Transgenic Research Project(2015ZX08001-002)the Key R&D Project of Guangdong Province(2022B0202060005).
文摘Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase allele mining using six updated FNP marker systems,the functional haplotypes at Pit,Pib,and Pi63 strictly diverged into the X-populations and were defined as X-R loci,while those at Pi54,Pi37,and Pi36 into the G-populations as G-R loci.The genic diversity at the three X-R loci(16 alleles)was twofold higher than that at the three G-R loci(8 alleles),and the allelic diversity in the Southern region(21 alleles)was nearly double that in the Northeastern region(11 alleles).Both observations reflect a significant difference in genetic diversity between X-and G-populations,and indicate that the effective R-genes mainly originated from X-subspecies.Based on the allelic structures characterized by a set of 10 parameters,8 and 16 alleles were respectively recognized as favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The genotypic structures of the two regional populations were almost different,indicating that the diverged alleles have been further assembled into two series of regional genotypes through long-term breeding programs,despite the presence of one-third of region-common alleles.The genotypic diversity in the Southern region(55 genotypes)was nearly twice as high as that in the Northeastern region(28),which perfectly reflects the aforementioned differences in both genic and allelic diversities.After analyzing the genotypic structures using a set of 13 parameters,4 and 23 genotypes,respectively,can be recommended as the favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The case study serves as a concrete sample of how to identify the favorable and promising alleles and genotypes,and beneficial parents based their comprehensive population structures for gene-designed breeding.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFF1205102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277019,22307031,22377023 and 22077143)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Hainan University(Nos.RZ2200001094,KYQD(ZR)-21031,and KYQD(ZR)-21108)Collaborative Innovation Center Funds for Hainan University(No.XTCX2022JKA01)the Science Foundation of Hainan Province(Nos.KJRC2023B10 and 824YXQN420)。
文摘Psoriasis is a common and chronic immune-mediated disorder that severely impacts the life quality of patients.Phosphodiesterase-4(PDE4)inhibitors have attracted significant interests in the psoriasis treatment due to their ability to suppress the inflammatory cascades.In this study,extensive screening of an in-house library of 1200 Chinese medicinal plant extracts identified Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco(P.orientalis)as a potent PDE4 inhibitor,exhibiting 42.7%inhibition at 0.2μg/m L.Subsequent bioassayguided isolation revealed flavonoids,particularly amentoflavone(AMF),as the principal component responsible for PDE4 inhibition.To enrich the effective ingredients,a purification protocol using microporous resin was developed,yielding a flavonoid-rich extract(FLDs)that efficiently increased AMF content from 6.2%to 72.3%and improved PDE4 inhibitory activity to 74.2%at 0.2μg/mL.Notably,P.orientalis with favorable safety profiles demonstrated superior in vitro and in vivo anti-psoriasis effects to both AMF and the approved PDE4 inhibitor apremilast.These findings highlight the potential of P.orientalis as a novel therapeutic agent for psoriasis and provide valuable insights for its development in psoriasis treatment.
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD,under contract No.300102264106the Shaanxi Natural Science Basic Research Program under contract No.2025JC-YBQN-370the Scientific and Technological Project of CNOOC Research Institute Co.,Ltd.under contract No.CCL2021RCPS0167KQN.
文摘The Zhujiang(Pearl)River Mouth Basin(PRMB)is located in the northern part of the South China Sea,and it is one of China’s three major offshore hydrocarbon-rich basins,playing an indispensable role in meeting the country’s energy needs.Exploration for oil in the PRMB started early and has achieved remarkable results in some sags,but many sags have yet to yield significant discoveries,necessitating the search for new favorable exploration areas.The aim of this study is to analyze the deep structural characteristics of various sags in the PRMB and predict favorable exploration areas,providing corresponding support for the next strategic breakthrough in oil exploration.Some studies indicate a certain relationship between the Moho depth and crustal thickness and the occurrence of oil.In this paper,based on satellite altimetry gravity anomaly data,we utilize a Moho depth inversion method based on variable residual crustal density to obtain the Moho depth in the PRMB,from which the crustal thickness and crustal stretching factor of the basin are calculated.The results show that the Moho depth in the PRMB ranges from 10 km to 37 km,the crustal thickness ranges from 7 km to 35 km,and the crustal stretching factor ranges from 0.9 to 3.0.Finally,we propose a comprehensive evaluation scheme for oil resoureces based on the CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method,which comprehensively evaluates multiple factors,such as the Cenozoic sedimentary filling scale,Cenozoic thickness,Moho depth,crustal thickness,and crustal stretching factor,and provides evaluation criteria for identifying hydrocarbon-rich sags.According to this evaluation scheme,the exploration potential is relatively high in the Liwan Sag,Jinghai Sag,Heshan Sag,and Jieyang Sag,which are favorable exploration areas.
基金Supported by the Cooperation Project of China National Natural Science Foundation and Petro China(U23B20154)Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Petro China and Southwest Petroleum University(2020CX010000)。
文摘Based on 2D and 3D seismic data and well logging data,this paper studies the distribution of well-seismic stratigraphic filling and shoal controlled reservoirs of Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in the south slope of Leshan-Longnüsi paleouplift in the Sichuan Basin,to reveal the genetic relationship between stratigraphic filling,paleogeomorphology and large-scale grain shoal.(1)The Xixiangchi Formation in the study area is overlapped and filled gradually to the Leshan-Longnüsi paleouplift,but gets thin sharply due to truncation only near the denudation pinch-out line of the paleouplift.Two overlap slope break belts and one erosion slope break belt are identified,and the Xixiangchi Formation is divided into 4 members from bottom to top.(2)The filling pattern of the overlapping at the base and erosion at the top indicates that the thickness of Xixiangchi Formation can reflect the pre-depositional paleogeomorphology,and reveals that the studied area has a monoclinal geomorphic feature of plunging to southeast and being controlled by multistage slope break belts.(3)The large-scale grain shoals and shoal controlled reservoirs are developed longitudinally in the third and fourth members of the Xixiangchi Formation,and laterally in the vicinity of the multistage overlap slope break belts.(4)Overlap slope break belts are closely related to northwest trending reverse faults.The western margin of the South China Plate converging with the Qiangtang-Himalaya massif in the middle-late Cambrian resulted in the rapid uplift of the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Plate and expanding toward southeast,leaving gradually plunging multistage slope breaks and large-scale northeast grain shoal reservoir belts.Considering oil and gas test results,it is predicted that the favorable exploration zone of the grain shoal controlled reservoirs covers an area of 3340 km^(2).
文摘We analyzed the amino acid residues present in the water-soluble and transmembrane proteins of 6 thermophilic and 6 mesophilic species of the domains Archaea and Eubacteria, and characterized them as favorable or unfavorable. The characterization was performed by comparing the observed number of each amino acid residue to the expected number calculated from the percentage of nucleotides present in each gene. Amino acids that were more or less abundant than expected were considered as favorable or unfavorable, respectively. Comparisons of amino acid compositions indicated that the water-soluble proteins were rich in charged residues such as Glu, Asp, Lys, and His, whereas hydrophobic residues such as Trp, Phe, and Leu were abundant in transmembrane proteins. Interestingly, our results found that although the Trp residue was abundant in transmembrane proteins, it was not defined as favorable by our calculations, indicating that increased numbers of a particular amino acid does not necessary indicate it is a favorable residue. Amino acids with high G + C content such as Ala, Gly, and Pro were frequently observed as favorable in species with low G + C content. Comparatively, amino acids with low G + C content such as Phe, Tyr, Lys, Ile, and Met were frequently observed as favorable in species with high G + C content. These are the examples to increase the supply of amino acids than expected. Amino acids with neutral G + C content, i.e., Glu and Asp were favorable in water-soluble proteins from all species analyzed, and Cys was unfavorable both in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins. These results indicate that amino acid compositions are essentially determined by the nucleotide sequence of the genes, and the amino acid content is altered by a deviation from expectation.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (2006CB202308)
文摘The geologic conditions of superimposed basins in China are very complicated. This is mainly shown by multi-phase structural evolution, multiple sets of source-reservoir-cap rock combinations, multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks, multi-cycle hydrocarbon enrichment and accumulation, and multi-phase reservoir adjustment and reconstruction. The enrichment, accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbon is mainly controlled by the source rock kitchen, paleo- anticline, regional cap rock and intensity of tectonic movement. In this paper, the T-BCMS model has been developed to predict favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation in complicated superimposed basins according to time and spatial relationships among five key factors. The five factors include unconformity surface representing tectonic balancing （B）, regional cap rock representing hydrocarbon protection （C）, paleo-anticline representing hydrocarbon migration and accumulation （M）, source rock kitchen representing hydrocarbon generation and expulsion （S） and geological time （T）. There are three necessary conditions to form favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation. First, four key factors BCMS should be strictly in the order of BCMS from top to bottom. Second, superimposition of four key factors BCMS in the same area is the most favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Third, vertically ordered combination and superimposition in the same area of BCMS should occur at the same geological time. The model has been used to predict the most favorable exploration areas in Ordovician in the Tarim Basin in the main hydrocarbon accumulation periods. The result shows that 95% of the discovered Ordovician hydrocarbon reservoirs are located in the predicted areas, which indicates the feasibility and reliability of the key factor matching T-BCMS model for hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment.
基金supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Projects(No.2017ZX05001)the PetroChina Science and Technology Major Projects(No.2016B-0304)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M680819).
文摘This study examines the characteristics and pore evolution of the Baikouquan conglomerate reservoir in the Mahu sag of the Junggar Basin from original sedimentation and diagenesis.Analysis is based on core observation,thin section,X-ray diffraction,cathodoluminescence and image analysis,and combined with physical property and well log data.The results show that conglomerate reservoir in the Baikouquan Formation can be divided into three lithofacies types:TypeⅠis argillaceous filling conglomerate facies,in which cementation and dissolution are not developed,and the interstitial material is mainly argillaceous;TypeⅡis tuffaceous filling in fine conglomerate facies,in which volcanic rock debris,illite and dissolution are developed;TypeⅢis sandstone filling conglomerate facies,in which cementation and dissolution are developed.The reservoir undergoes complex diagenesis,and the diagenetic sequence is:compaction→early chlorite film→early calcite cementation→detritus,feldspar and tuffaceous dissolution→quartz secondary enlargement→late calcite cementation→oil invasion→forming illite.Quantitative study of pore evolution shows that dissolution and calcite cementation are relatively developed in lithofacies Type III,and that compaction has a great influence on lithofacies TypeⅠand II.According to comprehensive evaluation of lithofacies,diagenesis and pore structure characteristics,the reservoir space type is mainly the dissolution pore.It is mainly primarily mainly composed of lithofacies Type III,thickness of the gravel body is more than 25 m,porosity is generally more than 12%,which represents favorable conditions for the distribution of favorable reservoir.
基金the State Key Basic Research Plan 973 Project(2006CB202308)
文摘Superimposed basins in West China have experienced multi-stage tectonic events and multicycle hydrocarbon reservoir formation, and complex hydrocarbon reservoirs have been discovered widely in basins of this kind. Most of the complex hydrocarbon reservoirs are characterized by relocation, scale re-construction, component variation and phase state transformation, and their distributions are very difficult to predict. Research shows that regional caprock （C）, high-quality sedimentary facies （Deposits, D）, paleohighs （Mountain, M） and source rock （S） are four geologic elements contributing to complex hydrocarbon reservoir formation and distribution of western superimposed basins. Longitudinal sequential combinations of the four elements control the strata of hydrocarbon reservoir formation, and planar superimpositions and combinations control the range of hydrocarbon reservoir and their simultaneous joint effects in geohistory determine the time of hydrocarbon reservoir formation. Multiple-element matching reservoir formation presents a basic mode of reservoir formation in superimposed basins, and we recommend it is expressed as T-CDMS. Based on the multiple-element matching reservoir formation mode, a comprehensive reservoir formation index （Tcdms） is developed in this paper to characterize reservoir formation conditions, and a method is presented to predict reservoir formation range and probability of occurrence in superimposed basins. Through application of new theory, methods and technology, the favorable reservoir formation range and probability of occurrence in the Ordovician target zone in Tarim Basin in four different reservoir formation periods are predicted. Results show that central Tarim, Yinmaili and Lunnan are the three most favorable regions where Ordovician oil and gas fields may have formed. The coincidence of prediction results with currently discovered hydrocarbon reservoirs reaches 97 %. This reflects the effectiveness and reliability of the new theory, methods and technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22209014)Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project(No.2019JQ03017)+1 种基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.32225034)China-111 Project(No.BP0820033)。
文摘Lignin and its derivatives hold great potential in developing high performance porous carbon materials for supercapacitors due to the versatile features of high carbon content, abundant multifunctional groups,low cost, and environmental benefits. Unfortunately, their derived porous carbon generally has the features of unfavorable microporous-dominated morphologies and low specific surface area(SSA) attributed from the highly-branched structure of lignin, which are hardly suitable for the supercapacitors with ionic liquid(IL) electrolyte, leading to poor energy density and rate capability. Herein, porous carbon materials with desirable mesoporous contributions from sodium lignosulphonate are designed via a facile template method. Such rich mesoporisity carbon materials not only possess with three-dimensional interconnected network, large SSA, as well as favorable pore size distribution for accelerated ion and electron mass transfer, but also feature low heteroatom content for high electrochemical stability. Consequently, the optimal electrode exhibits a high capacitance of 166 F/g at 0.5 A/g, superior rate performance(59 Wh/kg at 59 kW/kg), as well as impressive cycle life with good capacitance retention of 93.1% in EMIBF4 electrolytes. The present work opens a new avenue to design porous carbon materials with high mesopore properties from lignin for effective compatibility with IL electrolyte in high-performance supercapacitors.
基金China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05035).
文摘Based on core description,thin section identification,X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscopy,low-temperature gas adsorption and high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry,the shale lithofacies of Shan23 sub-member of Permian Shanxi Formation in the east margin of Ordos Basin was systematically analyzed in this study.The Shan23 sub-member has six lithofacies,namely,low TOC clay shale(C-L),low TOC siliceous shale(S-L),medium TOC siliceous shale(S-M),medium TOC hybrid shale(M-M),high TOC siliceous shale(S-H),and high TOC clay shale(C-H).Among them,S-H is the best lithofacies,S-M and M-M are the second best.The C-L and C-H lithofacies,mainly found in the upper part of Shan23 sub-member,generally developed in tide-dominated delta facies;the S-L,S-M,S-H and M-M shales occurring in the lower part of Shan23 sub-member developed in tide-dominated estuarine bay facies.The S-H,S-M and M-M shales have good pore struc-ture and largely organic matter pores and mineral interparticle pores,including interlayer pore in clay minerals,pyrite inter-crystalline pore,and mineral dissolution pore.C-L and S-L shales have mainly mineral interparticle pores and clay mineral in-terlayer pores,and a small amount of organic matter pores,showing poorer pore structure.The C-H shale has organic mi-cro-pores and a small number of interlayer fissures of clay minerals,showing good micro-pore structure,and poor meso-pore and macro-pore structure.The formation of favorable lithofacies is jointly controlled by depositional environment and diagen-esis.Shallow bay-lagoon depositional environment is conducive to the formation of type II2 kerogen which can produce a large number of organic cellular pores.Besides,the rich biogenic silica is conducive to the preservation of primary pores and en-hances the fracability of the shale reservoir.
基金partially supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32061143042, 31821005, 91935302)The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100802)
文摘In rice,the Yongyou series of Xian-Geng intersubspecific hybrids have excellent production performance,as shown by their extremely high yield.However,the mechanisms underlying the success of these rice hybrids are unclear.In this study,three F2 populations are generated from three Yongyou hybrids to determine the genetic basis of the extremely high yield of intersubspecific hybrids.Genome constitution analysis reveals that the female and male parental lines belong to the Geng and Xian subspecies,respectively,although introgression of 20%of the Xian ancestry and 14%of the Geng ancestry are observed.Twenty-five percent of the hybrid genomes carries homozygous Xian or Geng fragments,which harbors hybrid sterility genes such as Sd,Sc,f5,and q S12 and favorable alleles of key yield-related genes,including NAL1,Ghd7,and Ghd8.None of the parents carries the S5+killer of the S5 killer-protector system.Compatible allele combinations of hybrid sterility genes ensure the fertility of these intersubspecific hybrids and overcome the bottleneck in applying intersubspecific hybrids.Additive effects of favorable alleles of yield-related genes fixed in both parents enhances midparent values.Many QTLs for yield and its key component spikelets per panicle shows dominance and the net positive dominant effects lead to heterosis.These factors result in an extremely high yield of the hybrids.These findings will aid in the development of new intersubspecific rice hybrids with diverse genetic backgrounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41372139,41072098,41002027)the National Major Projects of China(Nos.2011ZX05018-001-002,2011ZX05009-002-205)
文摘This study evaluated the hydrocarbon-bearing potential of Upper Jurassic marine source rocks in the Qiangtang （羌塘） Basin through a comprehensive organic geochemical analysis of the samples from a large number of outcrops in different structural units to predict the location of favorable hydro- carbon kitchens, based on the evaluation standards of Mesozoic marine source rocks in the Qiangtang Ba- sin. Rocks＇ depositional environment, thickness and organic geochemistry feature were analyzed in this study. The principal controlling factors of the occurrences of favorable source rocks were analyzed. Upper Jurassic Suowa （索瓦） Formation source rocks are mainly platform limestone in the Dongcuo （洞错）-Hulu （葫芦） Lake deep sag and Tupocuo （吐坡错）-Baitan （白滩） Lake deep sag. Lithologically, the Suowa Fro- mation is made up of a suite of marls in intra-platform sags, micrites and black shales, which were all de- posited in the closed, deep and static water depositional environment. Marl could form hydrocarbon-rich source rocks and its organic matter type is mainly II type in mature to highly-mature stage, the limestone forms a medium-level source rock. In addition, the favorable source kitchen of limestone is larger than that of mudstone. This study provides an important reference for the evaluation of Jurassic marine source rocks and for prediction of petroleum resources in the Qiangtang Basin.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41772155)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2016ZX05044-002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.2015XKZD07)
文摘Based on the productivity equation of coalbed methane (CBM) well, considering the impact of coal reservoir reformability on gas well productivity, the main production layer optimization index in the “three-step method” of optimal combination of production layers is corrected, and then the CBM production layer potential index is introduced to evaluate favorable areas for commingled multi-coal seam production. Through analysis of the key parameters of coal reservoirs affecting the CBM productivity index, a development unit division method for areas with multi-coal seams is established, and a quantitative grading index system is proposed. On this basis, the evaluation process of CBM development favorable area is developed: the mature 3-D modeling technology is used to characterize the reservoir physical properties of multi-coal seams in full-scale;the production layer potential index of each grid is calculated, and the production layer potential index contour under single-layer or commingled multi-layer production are plotted;according to the distribution of the contour of production layer potential index, the quantitative index of CBM development unit is adopted to outline the grade I, II, III coal reservoir distribution areas, and thus to pick out the favorable development areas. The practical application in the Yuwang block of Laochang in Yunnan proved that the favorable area evaluation process proposed can effectively overcome the defects of selecting favorable development areas only relying on evaluation results of a major coal seam pay, and enhance the accuracy of the evaluation results, meeting the requirements of selecting favorable areas for multi-coal seam commingled CBM production.
文摘Background: In recent years, a number of initiatives aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles in health-friendly environments have been implemented.The purpose of this review is to synthesize initiatives conducted in Canada and documented in publications for the period 1995–2015 in order to gain a better understanding of their objectives and impacts.Methods: A systematic review of Canadian initiatives published over the past 20 years was conducted from multiple databases(i.e., Scopus,SPORTDiscus, Pub Med, Academic search complete, Reseausante.com, Cairn, and Erudit). In total, 264 publications were identified and retained for the final analysis based on 5 criteria:(1) publication between 1995 and 2015,(2) online availability,(3) research conducted in Canada,(4) main topic related to environments favorable to healthy lifestyles(EFHL), and(5) publication in French or English.Results: A sharp increase in the number of studies on EFHL was observed between 2010 and 2015(57%). Two major lifestyle components—physical activity and nutrition—and 2 environmental aspects—neighborhood and built environment—were the elements most frequently examined regarding adults(48%), young people(34%), and seniors(9%), using quantitative(60%) and qualitative(18%) methods. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a greater focus on the municipal(53%) than the national or provincial levels(31%).Conclusion: This work is a first map of Canadian studies related to EFHL. It clarifies the definition of EFHL and classifies its components. As well,it documents the issues raised, the research methods employed, and the role of stakeholders, while outlining a new research agenda that includes dimensions of EFHL formerly neglected by researchers, namely, political and sociocultural spheres of action.? 2018 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
文摘The Tacheng basin has been identified as a Carboniferous basement with a central uplift, sur- rounded by orogenic belts. This identification was based on the comprehensive analysis of field outcrops, regional magnetic and gravimetric data, skeleton seismic profiles, magnetotelluric profiles and drilling data. Here, we present gravimetric and magnetic data analyses of the basement structures of the Tacheng basin and its base formation. We also provide a magnetotelluric profile analysis of the structural features and tectonic framework of basin-mountain patterns. We use local geology, drilling data, and other comprehensive information to document the tectonic framework of the basement of the basin. Small-scale nappe structures are found in the northern basin, whereas stronger and more pronounced thrusting structures are found to the south and east of the basin. The basin is divided into four first-order tectonic units： a central uplift, a northern depression, a southeastern depression and a western depression. In addition, the Emin sag is suggested as a possible reservoir for oil and gas.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy R&D Program of China(No.2017YFE0301300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12005257 and 11905143)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,the CASHIPS Director’s Fund(No.YZJJ2020QN13)Special Research Assistant Funding of CAS and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671913)。
文摘The properties of grassy edge-localized modes(ELMs)in EAST in the favorable and unfavorable Btare statistically studied.Statistical analysis indicates that there is no systematical difference in the frequencies of grassy ELMs under the two different magnetic configurations in the similar parameter spaces.The high-frequency grassy ELM(fELM>1 k Hz)in unfavorable Bt is dependent on the high poloidal betaβpand high triangularityδu,while the high-frequency grassy ELM(fELM>1k Hz)in favorable Btappears to rely on the high plasma density.A frequently occurring phenomenon in favorable Btdefined as‘clustered ELM’seems to be the most evident difference in ELM behavior between favorable and unfavorable Bt.Statistical analysis shows that larger plasma-wall outer gap,longer plasma elongation,lower low-hybrid wave heating power and electron cyclotron resonance heating power favor the occurrence of clustered grassy ELMs.Further studies indicate that the generation of clustered grassy ELMs could be correlated with the lower electron temperature in the bulk plasma.
文摘1.ObjectivesSouthern Qinghai-northem Tibet permafrost region is a place having the most widespread and most developed permafrost in China with good mineralization conditions and prospecting potentials for gas hydrate (Zhu YH et al.,2011). In 2011,China Geological Survey initiated a special national program entitled "Gas hydrate resource exploration and trial mining",which signaled a prelude to a comprehensive gas hydrate survey in southern Qinghai-northern Tibet permafrost region.So far,appreciable progress has been made in the geological,geophysical,geochemical and drilling survey across a number of key blocks.This paper is intended to examine the fundamental conditions for gas hydrate mineralization based on previous findings,delineate favorable zones for gas hydrate mineralization,and to make contributions to the onshore gas hydrate resource exploration in China.
文摘I will discuss the current international environment China is facing from the following three aspects: First, it is necessary to calmly and obiectively evaluate other countries’ attitude toward China because this involves their China
