Creative alternative scripts in such typical forms as faux style fonts transcend writing systems.In addition to their artistic value in creating an illusion suggestive of cultural blends,they also provide an interesti...Creative alternative scripts in such typical forms as faux style fonts transcend writing systems.In addition to their artistic value in creating an illusion suggestive of cultural blends,they also provide an interesting case for semiotic analysis.By examining the features of graphemic representations in English scripts rendered using faux-Chinese fonts,this article makes an attempt to explore the depth of semiotic encoding in topographical innovations.Based on a focused review of previous discussions on the semiotics of written language,it analyses how typography as a semiotic resource works to encode meaning within and across writing systems.It is argued that blending the features of graphemic stereotypes in different writing systems contributes to a semiotic superposition which works with contextual properties to foreground one reading of an ambiguous grapheme over other possible alternatives.A semiotic interpretation of this typographic innovation points to the possible merging of typological boundaries and the potential for written linguistic signs to connect and communicate across systems.展开更多
目的:研究青少年精神分裂症患者共情能力的特征。方法:纳入49例青少年精神分裂症患者以及与患者年龄、性别、教育年限相匹配的42名正常对照。采用中文版人际反应指针量表(Chinese version of interpersonal reactivity index,IRI-C)和...目的:研究青少年精神分裂症患者共情能力的特征。方法:纳入49例青少年精神分裂症患者以及与患者年龄、性别、教育年限相匹配的42名正常对照。采用中文版人际反应指针量表(Chinese version of interpersonal reactivity index,IRI-C)和失言识别测验(faux pas recognition)比较两组共情能力。采用疼痛共情范式比较两组疼痛共情能力。结果:1患者组在IRI-C的同情性关心因子得分小于对照组;2患者组在失言识别测验的识别失言问题、理解失言问题和失言相关问题的得分均小于对照组。3患者组判断疼痛图片和中性图片的正确率均低于对照组,判断疼痛和中性图片的反应时均大于对照组,在疼痛评级中对疼痛图片的等级评定得分低于对照组,对中性图片的等级评定两组无差异。4患者组在IRI-C的同情性关心和个人痛苦因子得分与病程成负相关。结论:青少年精神分裂症患者的共情能力降低。展开更多
In 1986, G.X. Viennot introduced the theory of heaps of pieces as a visualization of Cartier and Foata’s “partially commutative monoids”. These are essentially labeled posets satisfying a few additional properties,...In 1986, G.X. Viennot introduced the theory of heaps of pieces as a visualization of Cartier and Foata’s “partially commutative monoids”. These are essentially labeled posets satisfying a few additional properties, and one natural setting where they arise is as models of reduced words in Coxeter groups. In this paper, we introduce a cyclic version of a heap, which loosely speaking, can be thought of as taking a heap and wrapping it into a cylinder. We call this object a toric heap, because we formalize it as a labeled toric poset, which is a cyclic version of an ordinary poset. Defining the category of toric heaps leads to the notion of certain morphisms such as toric extensions. We study toric heaps in Coxeter theory, because a cyclic shift of a reduced word is simply a conjugate by an initial or terminal generator. As such, we formalize and study a framework that we call cyclic reducibility in Coxeter theory, which is closely related to conjugacy. We introduce what it means for elements to be torically reduced, which is a stronger condition than simply being cyclically reduced. Along the way, we encounter a new class of elements that we call torically fully commutative (TFC), which are those that have a unique cyclic commutativity class, and comprise a strictly bigger class than the cyclically fully commutative (CFC) elements. We prove several cyclic analogues of results on fully commutative (FC) elements due to Stembridge. We conclude with how this framework fits into recent work in Coxeter groups, and we correct a minor flaw in a few recently published theorems.展开更多
文摘Creative alternative scripts in such typical forms as faux style fonts transcend writing systems.In addition to their artistic value in creating an illusion suggestive of cultural blends,they also provide an interesting case for semiotic analysis.By examining the features of graphemic representations in English scripts rendered using faux-Chinese fonts,this article makes an attempt to explore the depth of semiotic encoding in topographical innovations.Based on a focused review of previous discussions on the semiotics of written language,it analyses how typography as a semiotic resource works to encode meaning within and across writing systems.It is argued that blending the features of graphemic stereotypes in different writing systems contributes to a semiotic superposition which works with contextual properties to foreground one reading of an ambiguous grapheme over other possible alternatives.A semiotic interpretation of this typographic innovation points to the possible merging of typological boundaries and the potential for written linguistic signs to connect and communicate across systems.
文摘目的:研究青少年精神分裂症患者共情能力的特征。方法:纳入49例青少年精神分裂症患者以及与患者年龄、性别、教育年限相匹配的42名正常对照。采用中文版人际反应指针量表(Chinese version of interpersonal reactivity index,IRI-C)和失言识别测验(faux pas recognition)比较两组共情能力。采用疼痛共情范式比较两组疼痛共情能力。结果:1患者组在IRI-C的同情性关心因子得分小于对照组;2患者组在失言识别测验的识别失言问题、理解失言问题和失言相关问题的得分均小于对照组。3患者组判断疼痛图片和中性图片的正确率均低于对照组,判断疼痛和中性图片的反应时均大于对照组,在疼痛评级中对疼痛图片的等级评定得分低于对照组,对中性图片的等级评定两组无差异。4患者组在IRI-C的同情性关心和个人痛苦因子得分与病程成负相关。结论:青少年精神分裂症患者的共情能力降低。
文摘In 1986, G.X. Viennot introduced the theory of heaps of pieces as a visualization of Cartier and Foata’s “partially commutative monoids”. These are essentially labeled posets satisfying a few additional properties, and one natural setting where they arise is as models of reduced words in Coxeter groups. In this paper, we introduce a cyclic version of a heap, which loosely speaking, can be thought of as taking a heap and wrapping it into a cylinder. We call this object a toric heap, because we formalize it as a labeled toric poset, which is a cyclic version of an ordinary poset. Defining the category of toric heaps leads to the notion of certain morphisms such as toric extensions. We study toric heaps in Coxeter theory, because a cyclic shift of a reduced word is simply a conjugate by an initial or terminal generator. As such, we formalize and study a framework that we call cyclic reducibility in Coxeter theory, which is closely related to conjugacy. We introduce what it means for elements to be torically reduced, which is a stronger condition than simply being cyclically reduced. Along the way, we encounter a new class of elements that we call torically fully commutative (TFC), which are those that have a unique cyclic commutativity class, and comprise a strictly bigger class than the cyclically fully commutative (CFC) elements. We prove several cyclic analogues of results on fully commutative (FC) elements due to Stembridge. We conclude with how this framework fits into recent work in Coxeter groups, and we correct a minor flaw in a few recently published theorems.
