The Xianshuihe fault zone is a seismo-genetic fault zone of left-lateral slip in Southwest China. Since 1725, a total of 59 Ms ≥ 5.0 earthquakes have occurred along this fault zone, including 18 Ms 6.0–6.9 and eight...The Xianshuihe fault zone is a seismo-genetic fault zone of left-lateral slip in Southwest China. Since 1725, a total of 59 Ms ≥ 5.0 earthquakes have occurred along this fault zone, including 18 Ms 6.0–6.9 and eight Ms ≥ 7.0 earthquakes. The seismic risk of the Xianshuihe fault zone is a large and realistic threat to the western Sichuan economic corridor. Based on previous studies, we carried out field geological survey and remote sensing interpretation in the fault zone. In addition, geophysical surveys, trenching and age-dating were conducted in the key parts to better understand the geometry, spatial distribution and activity of the fault zone. We infer to divide the fault zone into two parts： the northwest part and the southeast part, with total eight segments. Their Late Quaternary slip rates vary in a range of 11.5 mm/a –（3±1） mm/a. The seismic activities of the Xianshuihe fault zone are frequent and strong, periodical, and reoccurred. Combining the spatial and temporal distribution of the historical earthquakes, the seismic hazard of the Xianshuihe fault zone has been predicted by using the relationship between magnitude and frequency of earthquakes caused by different fault segments. The prediction results show that the segment between Daofu and Qianning has a possibility of Ms ≥ 7.0 earthquakes, while the segment between Shimian and Luding is likely to have earthquakes of about Ms 7.0. It is suggested to establish a GPS or In SAR-based real-time monitoring network of surface displacement to cover the Xianshuihe fault zone, and an early warning system of earthquakes and post seismic geohazards to cover the major residential areas.展开更多
In recent decades,many software reliability growth models（SRGMs） have been proposed for the engineers and testers in measuring the software reliability precisely.Most of them is established based on the non-homogene...In recent decades,many software reliability growth models（SRGMs） have been proposed for the engineers and testers in measuring the software reliability precisely.Most of them is established based on the non-homogeneous Poisson process（NHPP）,and it is proved that the prediction accuracy of such models could be improved by adding the describing of characterization of testing effort.However,some research work indicates that the fault detection rate（FDR） is another key factor affects final software quality.Most early NHPPbased models deal with the FDR as constant or piecewise function,which does not fit the different testing stages well.Thus,this paper first incorporates a multivariate function of FDR,which is bathtub-shaped,into the NHPP-based SRGMs considering testing effort in order to further improve performance.A new model framework is proposed,and a stepwise method is used to apply the framework with real data sets to find the optimal model.Experimental studies show that the obtained new model can provide better performance of fitting and prediction compared with other traditional SRGMs.展开更多
The geometry of the Qianning-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone is quite complex, and it is composed of four secondary-faults, i.e., the Yalahe fault, Selaha-Kangding fault, Zeduotang fault and Moxi fault. ...The geometry of the Qianning-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone is quite complex, and it is composed of four secondary-faults, i.e., the Yalahe fault, Selaha-Kangding fault, Zeduotang fault and Moxi fault. On this segment, three strong earthquakes with M(7.0 occurred in 1725, 1786 and 1955, respectively. Based on a study of fault landform and geochronology (14C and Thermoluminesense), this paper documents the average horizontal slip rates during the late-Quaternary on all the secondary-faults of the Qianning-Kangding segment as follows: Yalahe fault: (2.0(0.2) mm/a; Selaha-Kangding fault: (5.5(0.6) mm/a; Zeduotang fault: (3.6(0.3) mm/a; Moxi fault: (9.9(0.6) mm/a. The results from the investigation of surface ruptures of historical earthquakes, coseismic-slip and paleo-earthquakes show that the strong-earthquake recurrence intervals are thousands of years on the Yalahe fault, and 230 to 350 years on the Selaha-Kangding and Zeduotang faults. In the next one hundred years, the recurrence of a strong-earthquake on these faults appears impossible. However, the strong-earthquake recurrence interval on the Moxi fault is about 300 years. Up to now, it has been 214 years since the last earthquake (magnitude 7) occurred in 1786, therefore, this fault is now approaching the condition favorable for the next strong earthquake recurrence.展开更多
This paper focuses on the fast rate fault detection filter (FDF) problem for a class of multirate sampled-data (MSD) systems. A lifting technique is used to convert such an MSD system into a linear time-invariant disc...This paper focuses on the fast rate fault detection filter (FDF) problem for a class of multirate sampled-data (MSD) systems. A lifting technique is used to convert such an MSD system into a linear time-invariant discrete-time one and an unknown input observer (UIO) is considered as FDF to generate residual. The design of FDF is formulated as an H∞ optimization problem and a solvable condition as well as an optimal solution are derived. The causality of the residual generator can be guaranteed so that the fast rate residual can be implemented via inverse lifting. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the feasibility of the obtained results.展开更多
Considering the disadvantage of first-fit strategy in fault-tolerant rate-monotonic first-fit （FTRMFF） algorithm, we analyze the slack time of processors and the schedulability of periodic tasks in rate-monotonic ...Considering the disadvantage of first-fit strategy in fault-tolerant rate-monotonic first-fit （FTRMFF） algorithm, we analyze the slack time of processors and the schedulability of periodic tasks in rate-monotonic （RM） algorithm. Then, the RM-based idleness factor and compact factor are presented to quantify the compact degree of tasks assigned to the same processor. In this paper, the novel fault-tolerant rate-monotonic compact-factor-driven （FTRMCFD） algorithm, which follows the principle of compact factor maximal when allocating the processors for tasks, is proposed. FTRMCFD algorithm makes every processor contain more tasks and get higher utilization to increase the schedulability performance of distributed systems. The simulation experiments reveal that FTRMCFD can reduce the number of required processors by up to 11.5% （with an average of 5.3%）.展开更多
Two sets of active faults,northwest-and northeast-trending faults,are developed in the Chao-shan Plain of East Guangdong.After detailed interpretation of aerophotos,we have found outthat there is the clear phenomenon ...Two sets of active faults,northwest-and northeast-trending faults,are developed in the Chao-shan Plain of East Guangdong.After detailed interpretation of aerophotos,we have found outthat there is the clear phenomenon of sinistral dislocation of drainage system on the Huang-gang-shui fault and part of Fengshun-Shantou fault.Field investigation confirmed that the geo-morphic bodies along the two faults have undergone displacement.Large-scale topographicmapping was made at three displaced sites and samples for age dating were collected from thegeomorphic booies.Calculation indicates that the average rate of sinistral strike-slip movementin the Holocene time amounts to 1.11±0.09～2.69±0.24mm/a along the Huanggangshuifault and 3.26±0.26mm/a along the Fengshun-Shantou fault.These two more active NW-trending faults extend into sea area,where they intersect the NE-trending strongly active Nius-han Island-Xiongdi Isle-Nanpeng Isles fault at a depth of 40～50m in water.The intersection isa location favorable展开更多
Recent studies on the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system suggest that the Late Quaternary strike-slip rate is approximately uniform along the entire length of the fault zone, about 15±2 mm/a. This approximately un...Recent studies on the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system suggest that the Late Quaternary strike-slip rate is approximately uniform along the entire length of the fault zone, about 15±2 mm/a. This approximately uniform strike slip rate strongly supports the clockwise rotation model of the southeastern Tibetan crust. By approximating the geometry of the arc-shaped Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system as a portion of a small circle on a spherical Earth, the 15±2 mm/a strike slip rate corresponds to clockwise rotation of the Southeastern Tibetan Block at the （5.2±0.7）×10^-7 deg/a angular velocity around the pole （21°N, 88°E） relative to the Northeast Tibetan Block. The approximately uniform strike slip rate along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system also implies that the Longmeushan thrust zone is not active, or at least its activity has been very weak since the Late Quaternary. Moreover, the total offset along the Xiaushuihe-Xiaojiang fault system suggests that the lateral extrusion of the Southeastern Tibetan Block relative to Northeastern Tibetan Block is about 160 km and 200-240 km relative to the Tarim-North China block. This amount of lateral extrusion of the Tibetan crust should have accommodated about 13-24% convergence between India and Eurasia based on mass balance calculations. Assuming that the slip rate of 15±2 mm/a is constant throughout the entire history of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system, 11±1.5 Ma is needed for the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system to attain the 160 km of total offset. This implies that left-slip faulting on the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system might start at 11±1.5 Ma.展开更多
Located on the western of Sichuan, the east border of Tibet plateau, Xianshuihe fault is a significant strong earthquake zone. From Huiyuansi pull\|apart basin in Qianning, Xianshuihe fault can be divided two segments...Located on the western of Sichuan, the east border of Tibet plateau, Xianshuihe fault is a significant strong earthquake zone. From Huiyuansi pull\|apart basin in Qianning, Xianshuihe fault can be divided two segments\|NW section and SE section: the construction of the former is single and a main fault; the construction of the latter is complex and composed by three parallel faults, its main fault is named as Selaha—Kangding fault, which distributes along Jinlongsi, Sehala, Mugecuo and Kangding. Yalahe fault, located at the NE direction of the main fault, and Zeduotang fault, located at the SW direction of the main fault, are all secondary faults, which are 9～13km away from the main fault. At the south of Kangding, the segment of Xianshuihe fault is a single main section, called as Moxi fault. On the basis of recent researching results, this paper mainly discusses the slip rate and recurrence interval of strong earthquake of the SE segment (Qianning—Kangding) on Xianshuihe.展开更多
Large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges （MORs） provide a window into the deeper earth. They have megamullion on their corrugated surfaces, with exposed lower crustal and upper mantle rocks, rela- tively hi...Large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges （MORs） provide a window into the deeper earth. They have megamullion on their corrugated surfaces, with exposed lower crustal and upper mantle rocks, rela- tively high residual Bouguer gravity anomaly and P-wave velocity, and are commonly associated with ocean- ic core complex. According to 30 detachment faults identified on MORs, we found that their distances to the axis mostly range from 5 to 50 km, half-spreading rates range from 6.8 to 17 mm/a, and activity time ranges from recent to 3 Ma. Most of the detachment faults are developed on the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge （MAR） and ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge （SWIRl, with the dominant half-spreading rates of 7-13 mm/a, especially 10-13 mm/a. Furthermore, they mostly occur at the inside corner of one segment end and result in an asymmetric seafloor spreading. The detachment faults on MORs are mainly controlled by the tectonism and influenced by the magmatism. Long-lived detachment faults tend to be formed where the ridge magma supply is at a moderate level, although the tectonism is a first-order controlling factor. At the slow spreading ridges, detachment faults tend to occur where local magma supply is relatively low, whilst at the ultra-slow spreading ridges, they normally occur where local magma supply is relatively high. These faults are accompanied by hydrothermal activities, with their relationships being useful in the study of hydrothermal polymetallic sulfides and their origin.展开更多
The slip rate of Yema River-Daxue Mountain fault in the western segment of Qilian Mountains was determined by the dated offset of river risers or gullies. Results indicate that the left-lateral fault slip rate is 2.82...The slip rate of Yema River-Daxue Mountain fault in the western segment of Qilian Mountains was determined by the dated offset of river risers or gullies. Results indicate that the left-lateral fault slip rate is 2.82± 0.20 mm/a at Dazangdele site, 2.00 ± 0.24 mm/a at Shibandun site, and 0.50± 0.36 and 2.80±0.33 mm/a at two sites in Zhazihu. The ideal average slip rate of the whole fault is 2.81 ± 0.32 mm/a. The lower slip rate confirms part of the displacement of Altyn Tagh fault was transformed into an uplifting of the strap mountains in the western segment of Qilian Mountains, whereas another part transformed into sinistral displacement of Haiyuan fault. This study illustrates that the slip of large strike-slip faults in the northeastern margin of the plateau transforms into crust thickening at the tip of the fault without large-scale propagation to the outer parts of the plateau.展开更多
Based on the collection of active fault slip rate data of large intra-continental shallow thrust earthquakes occurring in the triangular seismic region of the East Asia continent,a preliminary analysis has been perfor...Based on the collection of active fault slip rate data of large intra-continental shallow thrust earthquakes occurring in the triangular seismic region of the East Asia continent,a preliminary analysis has been performed with results showing that the Wenchuan,Sichuan, China earthquake ( MS = 8.0) of May 12,2008 occurred on the Longmenshan Mountain active fault with an abnormally low slip rate.展开更多
The I ingwu fault is in the eastern boundary of the southern section of Yinchuan graben. It hasa close relation to seismicity in the Lingwu-Wuzhong region.Few researches have been done.In this Paper,on the basis of te...The I ingwu fault is in the eastern boundary of the southern section of Yinchuan graben. It hasa close relation to seismicity in the Lingwu-Wuzhong region.Few researches have been done.In this Paper,on the basis of tee data obtained from field investigation,the activity features inLate Quaternary have been discussed.The vertical displacement and its slip rate have been alsoestimated.The fault is 48km in length,being divided into 3 segments according to geologicaland topographical characteristics.The last rupture along its northern and middle segments wasoccurred in late of Late Pleistocene or early Holocene while that along the southern segmentwas occurred in midle Holocene.The vertical slip rate is estimated as 0.23～025mm/a sinceabout 66ka B.P.based on the vertical displacements of terracesⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ and their ages.展开更多
The easternmost Tian Shan lies in eastern Xinjiang, Central Asia. The South Barkol basin fault（SBF） in the northern part of the easternmost Tian Shan is a major tectonic structure in this orogenic region. The late Q...The easternmost Tian Shan lies in eastern Xinjiang, Central Asia. The South Barkol basin fault（SBF） in the northern part of the easternmost Tian Shan is a major tectonic structure in this orogenic region. The late Quaternary activity, paleoseismology, and deformation characteristics of the fault provide important clues for understanding the tectonic process of the eastern Tian Shan orogen and implementing seismic mitigation. Through interpretation of high-resolution satellite images, unmanned aerial vehicle measurements, and detailed geological and geomorphic investigations, we suggest that the fault exhibits clear left-lateral slip along its western segment. Paleoseismic trenches dug near Xiongkuer reveal evidence of six large paleoearthquakes. The four latest paleoearthquakes were dated： the oldest event occurred at 4663 BC–3839 BC. Data on the horizontal offsets along the probable 1842 Barkol earthquake coseismic rupture suggest clear multiple relationships between cumulative offsets and possible ~4 m of coseismic left-lateral slip per event. From the cumulative offsets and 14 C sample ages, we suggest an average Holocene left-lateral slip rate of 2.4–2.8 mm/a on the SBF, accounting for ~80% of lateral deformation within the entire eastern Tian Shan fault system. This result is comparable with the shortening rate of 2–4 mm/a in the whole eastern Tian Shan, indicating an equal role of strike-slip tectonics and compressional tectonics in this orogen, and that the SBF may accommodate substantial lateral tectonic deformation.展开更多
Upper Cretaceous limestones represent the primary reservoirs in the B Oilfield,central Mesopotamian Basin.While syndepositional faults have clear influences on the thickness of these strata,their controls on sedimenta...Upper Cretaceous limestones represent the primary reservoirs in the B Oilfield,central Mesopotamian Basin.While syndepositional faults have clear influences on the thickness of these strata,their controls on sedimentation across different reservoir intervals remain poorly understood.This study examines the sedimentary responses to syndepositional faulting during the Late Cretaceous through integrating analysis of fault growth rates and facies distribution across fault blocks.Estimated growth rates for two major faults(F1 and F2)range from 0 to 30 m/Ma,with thickness differences of up to 60 m observed between hanging wall and footwall sites.Fault activity varied over time and was more intense during the deposition of the Lower Hartha and Tanuma formations.This enhanced activity resulted in significant thickness variations and promoted the accumulation of foraminifera and bioclastic packstone facies(MF3/MF2)inside tilted fault-blocks,which are associated with favorable reservoir properties.By influencing facies distribution,syndepositional faulting might also contribute to the development of thicker reservoirs within fault zones.In contrast,fault activity diminished during the deposition of the Upper Hartha and Khasib formations,where more uniform stratigraphic thickness and facies distributions are observed.These findings highlight the critical role of syndepositional faulting in creating accommodation space and enhancing reservoir development conditions in the study area,offering valuable implications for petroleum exploration and reservoir modeling in structurally analogous settings.展开更多
Due to its strategic location, the Astara fault system （AFS）, which is located in Iran, has given rise to a number of earthquakes. In spite of its frequent seismic events, limited information is available for AFS. S...Due to its strategic location, the Astara fault system （AFS）, which is located in Iran, has given rise to a number of earthquakes. In spite of its frequent seismic events, limited information is available for AFS. Slip rate is one of the important variables for future scrutiny of seismic risk of this fault system. The main objective of this research is to study slip rates at intermediate and short terms for this fault system using geological, geodetic observations and empirical method. Using the geological data, the intermediate-term horizontal and vertical slip rates for AFS have been determined to be 2.8±0.2 and 0.27±0.03 mm/year, respectively. In addition, the short-term slip rates of the fault, based on the geodetic method （using displacement values of two GPS stations： HASH and DAMO） and assuming attenuation of 60% （to fold the sediment of South Caspian Basin and shortening of Talesh Mountain range）, determined to be 1.23±0.03 and 2.05±0.05 mm/year for the horizontal and vertical slips, respectively. Finally, evaluation of the slip rate using empirical relationship yields 10 mm/year for the entire fault system, which seems rather implausible.展开更多
Riedel shear system,which consists of some different oriented faults and derivative structures,is an important pattern of tectonic activity and stress regulation,which has been widely applied to the interpretation of ...Riedel shear system,which consists of some different oriented faults and derivative structures,is an important pattern of tectonic activity and stress regulation,which has been widely applied to the interpretation of intracontinental deformation.The Laolongwan Basin,located in the western Haiyuan fault zone at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,is a key area to study the Cenozoic intracontinental deformation in the northeastern plateau,which formed a complex active fault system during the Cenozoic.However,the activity of these faults and their kinematic mechanism remain unclear.In this contribution,based on detailed structural interpretation of remote sensing image,field observations and OSL dating analysis,we propose a Riedel Shear model of active fault system in the Laolongwan Basin.Our observations show that this active fault system consist of four major faults,including the left strike-slip Hasi Shan fault and Zihong Shan fault with thrusting characteristics,the Southern Zihong Shan thrust fault and the Mijia Shan normal fault.The fault offset and OSL dating analyses suggest that the left-lateral slip rate of the Hasi Shan fault is~2.60-3.01 mm/a since ca.15 ka,whereas the Zihong Shan fault is~1.10-1.13 mm/a since ca.14 ka.Faultslip vectors analyses indicate that the active fault system related to the Riedel Shear in the Laolongwan Basin was controlled by the regional ENE-WSW compressive stress.This compression also caused the significant left-lateral strike-slip movement along the Haiyuan fault zone at the same time,which might result from the northeastward continuous expanding of the Tibetan Plateau during the Late Cenozoic.展开更多
The </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">software reliability model is the stochastic model to measure the software <span>reliability quantitatively....The </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">software reliability model is the stochastic model to measure the software <span>reliability quantitatively. A Hazard-Rate Model is </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">well</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">known one as the</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> typical software reliability model. We propose Hazard-Rate Models Consider<span>ing Fault Severity Levels (CFSL) for Open Source Software (OSS). The purpose of </span><span>this research is to </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">make </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the Hazard-Rate Model considering CFSL adapt to</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">baseline hazard function and 2 kinds of faults data in Bug Tracking System <span>(BTS)</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> <i>i.e.</i>, we use the covariate vectors in Cox proportional Hazard-Rate</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> Model. Also, <span>we show the numerical examples by evaluating the performance of our pro</span><span>posed model. As the result, we compare the performance of our model with the</span> Hazard-Rate Model CFSL.展开更多
The tight wavelet neural network was constituted by taking the nonlinear Morlet wavelet radices as the excitation function. The idiographic algorithm was presented. It combined the advantages of wavelet analysis and n...The tight wavelet neural network was constituted by taking the nonlinear Morlet wavelet radices as the excitation function. The idiographic algorithm was presented. It combined the advantages of wavelet analysis and neural networks. The integrated wavelet neural network fault diagnosis system was set up based on both the information fusion technology and actual fault diagnosis, which took the sub-wavelet neural network as primary diagnosis from different sides, then came to the conclusions through decision-making fusion. The realizable policy of the diagnosis system and established principle of the sub-wavelet neural networks were given. It can be deduced from the examples that it takes full advantage of diversified characteristic information, and improves the diagnosis rate.展开更多
基金Supported by Nationai Natural Science Foundation of China （61074085）, Beijing Natural Science Foundation （4122029, 4142035）, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （F_RF-SD-12-008B, FRF-AS- 11-004B）
基金supported by the Special Project of Basic Work of Science and Technology(grant No.2011FY110100-2)the Project of China Geological Survey(grant No.1212010914025 and No.12120113038000)the Project of 12~(th) Five-Year National Sci-Tech Support Plan(grant No.2011BAK12B09)
文摘The Xianshuihe fault zone is a seismo-genetic fault zone of left-lateral slip in Southwest China. Since 1725, a total of 59 Ms ≥ 5.0 earthquakes have occurred along this fault zone, including 18 Ms 6.0–6.9 and eight Ms ≥ 7.0 earthquakes. The seismic risk of the Xianshuihe fault zone is a large and realistic threat to the western Sichuan economic corridor. Based on previous studies, we carried out field geological survey and remote sensing interpretation in the fault zone. In addition, geophysical surveys, trenching and age-dating were conducted in the key parts to better understand the geometry, spatial distribution and activity of the fault zone. We infer to divide the fault zone into two parts： the northwest part and the southeast part, with total eight segments. Their Late Quaternary slip rates vary in a range of 11.5 mm/a –（3±1） mm/a. The seismic activities of the Xianshuihe fault zone are frequent and strong, periodical, and reoccurred. Combining the spatial and temporal distribution of the historical earthquakes, the seismic hazard of the Xianshuihe fault zone has been predicted by using the relationship between magnitude and frequency of earthquakes caused by different fault segments. The prediction results show that the segment between Daofu and Qianning has a possibility of Ms ≥ 7.0 earthquakes, while the segment between Shimian and Luding is likely to have earthquakes of about Ms 7.0. It is suggested to establish a GPS or In SAR-based real-time monitoring network of surface displacement to cover the Xianshuihe fault zone, and an early warning system of earthquakes and post seismic geohazards to cover the major residential areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61070220)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1408085MKL79)
文摘In recent decades,many software reliability growth models（SRGMs） have been proposed for the engineers and testers in measuring the software reliability precisely.Most of them is established based on the non-homogeneous Poisson process（NHPP）,and it is proved that the prediction accuracy of such models could be improved by adding the describing of characterization of testing effort.However,some research work indicates that the fault detection rate（FDR） is another key factor affects final software quality.Most early NHPPbased models deal with the FDR as constant or piecewise function,which does not fit the different testing stages well.Thus,this paper first incorporates a multivariate function of FDR,which is bathtub-shaped,into the NHPP-based SRGMs considering testing effort in order to further improve performance.A new model framework is proposed,and a stepwise method is used to apply the framework with real data sets to find the optimal model.Experimental studies show that the obtained new model can provide better performance of fitting and prediction compared with other traditional SRGMs.
基金Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (95-07-0425).
文摘The geometry of the Qianning-Kangding segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone is quite complex, and it is composed of four secondary-faults, i.e., the Yalahe fault, Selaha-Kangding fault, Zeduotang fault and Moxi fault. On this segment, three strong earthquakes with M(7.0 occurred in 1725, 1786 and 1955, respectively. Based on a study of fault landform and geochronology (14C and Thermoluminesense), this paper documents the average horizontal slip rates during the late-Quaternary on all the secondary-faults of the Qianning-Kangding segment as follows: Yalahe fault: (2.0(0.2) mm/a; Selaha-Kangding fault: (5.5(0.6) mm/a; Zeduotang fault: (3.6(0.3) mm/a; Moxi fault: (9.9(0.6) mm/a. The results from the investigation of surface ruptures of historical earthquakes, coseismic-slip and paleo-earthquakes show that the strong-earthquake recurrence intervals are thousands of years on the Yalahe fault, and 230 to 350 years on the Selaha-Kangding and Zeduotang faults. In the next one hundred years, the recurrence of a strong-earthquake on these faults appears impossible. However, the strong-earthquake recurrence interval on the Moxi fault is about 300 years. Up to now, it has been 214 years since the last earthquake (magnitude 7) occurred in 1786, therefore, this fault is now approaching the condition favorable for the next strong earthquake recurrence.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China (60374021)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Y2002G05)the Youth Scientists Foundation of Shandong Province (03BS091, 05BS01007) and Education Ministry Foundation of P. R. China (20050422036)
文摘This paper focuses on the fast rate fault detection filter (FDF) problem for a class of multirate sampled-data (MSD) systems. A lifting technique is used to convert such an MSD system into a linear time-invariant discrete-time one and an unknown input observer (UIO) is considered as FDF to generate residual. The design of FDF is formulated as an H∞ optimization problem and a solvable condition as well as an optimal solution are derived. The causality of the residual generator can be guaranteed so that the fast rate residual can be implemented via inverse lifting. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the feasibility of the obtained results.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60603032)
文摘Considering the disadvantage of first-fit strategy in fault-tolerant rate-monotonic first-fit （FTRMFF） algorithm, we analyze the slack time of processors and the schedulability of periodic tasks in rate-monotonic （RM） algorithm. Then, the RM-based idleness factor and compact factor are presented to quantify the compact degree of tasks assigned to the same processor. In this paper, the novel fault-tolerant rate-monotonic compact-factor-driven （FTRMCFD） algorithm, which follows the principle of compact factor maximal when allocating the processors for tasks, is proposed. FTRMCFD algorithm makes every processor contain more tasks and get higher utilization to increase the schedulability performance of distributed systems. The simulation experiments reveal that FTRMCFD can reduce the number of required processors by up to 11.5% （with an average of 5.3%）.
基金This paper presents one of the research results of a key project in Ninth Five-Year Program was supported by China Seismological Bureau grant (95-04-10-04). Institute of Geology, CSB, contribution No.2000B0034.
文摘Two sets of active faults,northwest-and northeast-trending faults,are developed in the Chao-shan Plain of East Guangdong.After detailed interpretation of aerophotos,we have found outthat there is the clear phenomenon of sinistral dislocation of drainage system on the Huang-gang-shui fault and part of Fengshun-Shantou fault.Field investigation confirmed that the geo-morphic bodies along the two faults have undergone displacement.Large-scale topographicmapping was made at three displaced sites and samples for age dating were collected from thegeomorphic booies.Calculation indicates that the average rate of sinistral strike-slip movementin the Holocene time amounts to 1.11±0.09～2.69±0.24mm/a along the Huanggangshuifault and 3.26±0.26mm/a along the Fengshun-Shantou fault.These two more active NW-trending faults extend into sea area,where they intersect the NE-trending strongly active Nius-han Island-Xiongdi Isle-Nanpeng Isles fault at a depth of 40～50m in water.The intersection isa location favorable
基金supported mainly by the National Key Basic Research Program(No.2004CB418401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.40472109)+1 种基金partly from the Joint Earthquake Science Foundation of China(grant No.105066)the SASAKAWA Scientific Grant from the Japan Science Society.
文摘Recent studies on the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system suggest that the Late Quaternary strike-slip rate is approximately uniform along the entire length of the fault zone, about 15±2 mm/a. This approximately uniform strike slip rate strongly supports the clockwise rotation model of the southeastern Tibetan crust. By approximating the geometry of the arc-shaped Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system as a portion of a small circle on a spherical Earth, the 15±2 mm/a strike slip rate corresponds to clockwise rotation of the Southeastern Tibetan Block at the （5.2±0.7）×10^-7 deg/a angular velocity around the pole （21°N, 88°E） relative to the Northeast Tibetan Block. The approximately uniform strike slip rate along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system also implies that the Longmeushan thrust zone is not active, or at least its activity has been very weak since the Late Quaternary. Moreover, the total offset along the Xiaushuihe-Xiaojiang fault system suggests that the lateral extrusion of the Southeastern Tibetan Block relative to Northeastern Tibetan Block is about 160 km and 200-240 km relative to the Tarim-North China block. This amount of lateral extrusion of the Tibetan crust should have accommodated about 13-24% convergence between India and Eurasia based on mass balance calculations. Assuming that the slip rate of 15±2 mm/a is constant throughout the entire history of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system, 11±1.5 Ma is needed for the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system to attain the 160 km of total offset. This implies that left-slip faulting on the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system might start at 11±1.5 Ma.
文摘Located on the western of Sichuan, the east border of Tibet plateau, Xianshuihe fault is a significant strong earthquake zone. From Huiyuansi pull\|apart basin in Qianning, Xianshuihe fault can be divided two segments\|NW section and SE section: the construction of the former is single and a main fault; the construction of the latter is complex and composed by three parallel faults, its main fault is named as Selaha—Kangding fault, which distributes along Jinlongsi, Sehala, Mugecuo and Kangding. Yalahe fault, located at the NE direction of the main fault, and Zeduotang fault, located at the SW direction of the main fault, are all secondary faults, which are 9～13km away from the main fault. At the south of Kangding, the segment of Xianshuihe fault is a single main section, called as Moxi fault. On the basis of recent researching results, this paper mainly discusses the slip rate and recurrence interval of strong earthquake of the SE segment (Qianning—Kangding) on Xianshuihe.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 91028006 and 41206046the Dayang 115 under contact No.DYXM-115-02-3-01
文摘Large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges （MORs） provide a window into the deeper earth. They have megamullion on their corrugated surfaces, with exposed lower crustal and upper mantle rocks, rela- tively high residual Bouguer gravity anomaly and P-wave velocity, and are commonly associated with ocean- ic core complex. According to 30 detachment faults identified on MORs, we found that their distances to the axis mostly range from 5 to 50 km, half-spreading rates range from 6.8 to 17 mm/a, and activity time ranges from recent to 3 Ma. Most of the detachment faults are developed on the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge （MAR） and ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge （SWIRl, with the dominant half-spreading rates of 7-13 mm/a, especially 10-13 mm/a. Furthermore, they mostly occur at the inside corner of one segment end and result in an asymmetric seafloor spreading. The detachment faults on MORs are mainly controlled by the tectonism and influenced by the magmatism. Long-lived detachment faults tend to be formed where the ridge magma supply is at a moderate level, although the tectonism is a first-order controlling factor. At the slow spreading ridges, detachment faults tend to occur where local magma supply is relatively low, whilst at the ultra-slow spreading ridges, they normally occur where local magma supply is relatively high. These faults are accompanied by hydrothermal activities, with their relationships being useful in the study of hydrothermal polymetallic sulfides and their origin.
基金the Special Fund for China Earthquake Research (Grant No.201408023)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40872132,41030317)Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Project (XDB03020201)
文摘The slip rate of Yema River-Daxue Mountain fault in the western segment of Qilian Mountains was determined by the dated offset of river risers or gullies. Results indicate that the left-lateral fault slip rate is 2.82± 0.20 mm/a at Dazangdele site, 2.00 ± 0.24 mm/a at Shibandun site, and 0.50± 0.36 and 2.80±0.33 mm/a at two sites in Zhazihu. The ideal average slip rate of the whole fault is 2.81 ± 0.32 mm/a. The lower slip rate confirms part of the displacement of Altyn Tagh fault was transformed into an uplifting of the strap mountains in the western segment of Qilian Mountains, whereas another part transformed into sinistral displacement of Haiyuan fault. This study illustrates that the slip of large strike-slip faults in the northeastern margin of the plateau transforms into crust thickening at the tip of the fault without large-scale propagation to the outer parts of the plateau.
基金Funded as a sub-project entitled"Tectonic Patterns of Strong Earthquakes in the Central Asia Continent and Its Dynamic Setting(2008CB425703)"within the project"A Study on the Occurrence Mechanism of the Wenchuan Earthquake and Its Large-scale Regional Dynamic Setting" under the National Key Basic R & D Program (973 Program),China
文摘Based on the collection of active fault slip rate data of large intra-continental shallow thrust earthquakes occurring in the triangular seismic region of the East Asia continent,a preliminary analysis has been performed with results showing that the Wenchuan,Sichuan, China earthquake ( MS = 8.0) of May 12,2008 occurred on the Longmenshan Mountain active fault with an abnormally low slip rate.
基金This project was sponsored by the Joint Earthquake Seience Foundation (197013) and the Commission of Science and Technology, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
文摘The I ingwu fault is in the eastern boundary of the southern section of Yinchuan graben. It hasa close relation to seismicity in the Lingwu-Wuzhong region.Few researches have been done.In this Paper,on the basis of tee data obtained from field investigation,the activity features inLate Quaternary have been discussed.The vertical displacement and its slip rate have been alsoestimated.The fault is 48km in length,being divided into 3 segments according to geologicaland topographical characteristics.The last rupture along its northern and middle segments wasoccurred in late of Late Pleistocene or early Holocene while that along the southern segmentwas occurred in midle Holocene.The vertical slip rate is estimated as 0.23～025mm/a sinceabout 66ka B.P.based on the vertical displacements of terracesⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ and their ages.
基金funded by foundation of seismic risk assessment of active faults,China Earthquake Administration(Grant no.1521044025)
文摘The easternmost Tian Shan lies in eastern Xinjiang, Central Asia. The South Barkol basin fault（SBF） in the northern part of the easternmost Tian Shan is a major tectonic structure in this orogenic region. The late Quaternary activity, paleoseismology, and deformation characteristics of the fault provide important clues for understanding the tectonic process of the eastern Tian Shan orogen and implementing seismic mitigation. Through interpretation of high-resolution satellite images, unmanned aerial vehicle measurements, and detailed geological and geomorphic investigations, we suggest that the fault exhibits clear left-lateral slip along its western segment. Paleoseismic trenches dug near Xiongkuer reveal evidence of six large paleoearthquakes. The four latest paleoearthquakes were dated： the oldest event occurred at 4663 BC–3839 BC. Data on the horizontal offsets along the probable 1842 Barkol earthquake coseismic rupture suggest clear multiple relationships between cumulative offsets and possible ~4 m of coseismic left-lateral slip per event. From the cumulative offsets and 14 C sample ages, we suggest an average Holocene left-lateral slip rate of 2.4–2.8 mm/a on the SBF, accounting for ~80% of lateral deformation within the entire eastern Tian Shan fault system. This result is comparable with the shortening rate of 2–4 mm/a in the whole eastern Tian Shan, indicating an equal role of strike-slip tectonics and compressional tectonics in this orogen, and that the SBF may accommodate substantial lateral tectonic deformation.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2025ZD1400805)。
文摘Upper Cretaceous limestones represent the primary reservoirs in the B Oilfield,central Mesopotamian Basin.While syndepositional faults have clear influences on the thickness of these strata,their controls on sedimentation across different reservoir intervals remain poorly understood.This study examines the sedimentary responses to syndepositional faulting during the Late Cretaceous through integrating analysis of fault growth rates and facies distribution across fault blocks.Estimated growth rates for two major faults(F1 and F2)range from 0 to 30 m/Ma,with thickness differences of up to 60 m observed between hanging wall and footwall sites.Fault activity varied over time and was more intense during the deposition of the Lower Hartha and Tanuma formations.This enhanced activity resulted in significant thickness variations and promoted the accumulation of foraminifera and bioclastic packstone facies(MF3/MF2)inside tilted fault-blocks,which are associated with favorable reservoir properties.By influencing facies distribution,syndepositional faulting might also contribute to the development of thicker reservoirs within fault zones.In contrast,fault activity diminished during the deposition of the Upper Hartha and Khasib formations,where more uniform stratigraphic thickness and facies distributions are observed.These findings highlight the critical role of syndepositional faulting in creating accommodation space and enhancing reservoir development conditions in the study area,offering valuable implications for petroleum exploration and reservoir modeling in structurally analogous settings.
文摘Due to its strategic location, the Astara fault system （AFS）, which is located in Iran, has given rise to a number of earthquakes. In spite of its frequent seismic events, limited information is available for AFS. Slip rate is one of the important variables for future scrutiny of seismic risk of this fault system. The main objective of this research is to study slip rates at intermediate and short terms for this fault system using geological, geodetic observations and empirical method. Using the geological data, the intermediate-term horizontal and vertical slip rates for AFS have been determined to be 2.8±0.2 and 0.27±0.03 mm/year, respectively. In addition, the short-term slip rates of the fault, based on the geodetic method （using displacement values of two GPS stations： HASH and DAMO） and assuming attenuation of 60% （to fold the sediment of South Caspian Basin and shortening of Talesh Mountain range）, determined to be 1.23±0.03 and 2.05±0.05 mm/year for the horizontal and vertical slips, respectively. Finally, evaluation of the slip rate using empirical relationship yields 10 mm/year for the entire fault system, which seems rather implausible.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxm X0487)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Sedimentary Basins and Oil and Gas Resources,the Ministry of Natural Resources(No.cdcgs2022006)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42072001)the China Geological Survey(No.DD20190018)the Science and Technology Innovation Fund for Postgraduates of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(No.YKJCX2220101)。
文摘Riedel shear system,which consists of some different oriented faults and derivative structures,is an important pattern of tectonic activity and stress regulation,which has been widely applied to the interpretation of intracontinental deformation.The Laolongwan Basin,located in the western Haiyuan fault zone at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,is a key area to study the Cenozoic intracontinental deformation in the northeastern plateau,which formed a complex active fault system during the Cenozoic.However,the activity of these faults and their kinematic mechanism remain unclear.In this contribution,based on detailed structural interpretation of remote sensing image,field observations and OSL dating analysis,we propose a Riedel Shear model of active fault system in the Laolongwan Basin.Our observations show that this active fault system consist of four major faults,including the left strike-slip Hasi Shan fault and Zihong Shan fault with thrusting characteristics,the Southern Zihong Shan thrust fault and the Mijia Shan normal fault.The fault offset and OSL dating analyses suggest that the left-lateral slip rate of the Hasi Shan fault is~2.60-3.01 mm/a since ca.15 ka,whereas the Zihong Shan fault is~1.10-1.13 mm/a since ca.14 ka.Faultslip vectors analyses indicate that the active fault system related to the Riedel Shear in the Laolongwan Basin was controlled by the regional ENE-WSW compressive stress.This compression also caused the significant left-lateral strike-slip movement along the Haiyuan fault zone at the same time,which might result from the northeastward continuous expanding of the Tibetan Plateau during the Late Cenozoic.
文摘The </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">software reliability model is the stochastic model to measure the software <span>reliability quantitatively. A Hazard-Rate Model is </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">well</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">known one as the</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> typical software reliability model. We propose Hazard-Rate Models Consider<span>ing Fault Severity Levels (CFSL) for Open Source Software (OSS). The purpose of </span><span>this research is to </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">make </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the Hazard-Rate Model considering CFSL adapt to</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">baseline hazard function and 2 kinds of faults data in Bug Tracking System <span>(BTS)</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> <i>i.e.</i>, we use the covariate vectors in Cox proportional Hazard-Rate</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> Model. Also, <span>we show the numerical examples by evaluating the performance of our pro</span><span>posed model. As the result, we compare the performance of our model with the</span> Hazard-Rate Model CFSL.
文摘The tight wavelet neural network was constituted by taking the nonlinear Morlet wavelet radices as the excitation function. The idiographic algorithm was presented. It combined the advantages of wavelet analysis and neural networks. The integrated wavelet neural network fault diagnosis system was set up based on both the information fusion technology and actual fault diagnosis, which took the sub-wavelet neural network as primary diagnosis from different sides, then came to the conclusions through decision-making fusion. The realizable policy of the diagnosis system and established principle of the sub-wavelet neural networks were given. It can be deduced from the examples that it takes full advantage of diversified characteristic information, and improves the diagnosis rate.
