Objective To establish abdominal fat accumulation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia quail model fed with high fat diet. And then to investigate the pathological characteristics of this quail model. Methods ...Objective To establish abdominal fat accumulation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia quail model fed with high fat diet. And then to investigate the pathological characteristics of this quail model. Methods Thirty Longcheng quails were randomly divided into two groups： control group and model group （n=15）. The control group quails were fed with normal diet and model group quails were fed with high fat diet for 14 days. After a 12-hour overnight fast, liver and abdominal fat at euthanasia as well as serum were collected. The levels of serum uric acid, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, triglyceride, free fatty acid （FFA）, and blood glucose were assayed. The activity changes of adenosine deaminase （ADA）, xanthine oxidase （XOD）, lipoprotein lipase （LPL）, hepatic lipase （HL）, and fatty acid synthetase （FAS） were analyzed. Results Compared with control group, the abdominal fat content （0.74±0.63 vs. 1.36±0.65 g, P〈0.05） and abdominal fat index （0.44%±0.30% vs. 0.85%±0.30%, P〈0.01） as well as live lipid index （3.61%±0.65% vs. 11.33%±2.14%, P〈0.01） in model group significantly increased; the levels of serum uric acid （210.61±94,76 vs. 304.25±141.94 /amol/L, P〈0.05）, total cholesterol （4.20±0.51 vs. 20.10±11.25 mmol/L, P〈0.01）, LDL-C （1.16±0.29 vs. 10.78±6.48 mmol/L, P〈0.01）, and FFA （0.39±0.14 vs. 0.55±0.15 mmol/L, P〈0.01） in model group significantly increased; HDL-C （5.85±0.95 vs. 4.14±2.03 mmol/L, P〈0.05） significantly decreased; the levels of triglyceride and blood glucose had no significant changes （P〉0.05）; the activities of ADA （9.71±3.05 vs. 17.19±5.10 U/ml, P〈0.01） and XOD （10.58±6,88 vs. 19.22＋9.44 U/L, P〈0.01） in model group significantly increased; and FAS, LPL, HL had no significant changes （P〉0.05）. Conclusions High fat diet can induce abdominal fat accumulation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia quail model. The changes of uric acid and lipid metabolic enzyme activities may he the pathological mechanism of abdominal fat accumulation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia.展开更多
Obesity that is highly associated with numerous metabolic diseases has become a global health issue nowdays.Plant sesterterpenoids are an important group of natural products with great potential;thus,their bioactiviti...Obesity that is highly associated with numerous metabolic diseases has become a global health issue nowdays.Plant sesterterpenoids are an important group of natural products with great potential;thus,their bioactivities deserve extensive exploration.RNA-seq analysis indicated that leucosceptroid B,a sesterterpenoid previously discovered from the glandular trichomes of Leucosceptrum canum,significantly regulated the expression of 10 genes involved in lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans.Furthermore,leucosceptroid B was found to reduce fat storage,and downregulate the expression of two stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)genes fat-6 and fat-7,and a fatty acid elongase gene elo-2 in wild-type C.elegans.In addition,leucosceptroid B significantly decreased fat accumulation in both fat-6 and fat-7 mutant worms but did not affect the fat storage of fat-6;fat-7 double mutant.These findings indicated that leucosceptroid B reduced fat storage depending on the downregulated expression of fat-6,fat-7 and elo-2 and thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of the corresponding unsaturated fatty acid.These findings provide new insights into the development and utilization of plant sesterterpenoids as potential antilipemic agents.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver fat accumulation is associated with increased cholesterol synthesis and hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol,which may be related to the development of cholelithiasis.AIM To investigate whether liver...BACKGROUND Liver fat accumulation is associated with increased cholesterol synthesis and hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol,which may be related to the development of cholelithiasis.AIM To investigate whether liver fat accumulation measured by high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)is a risk factor for cholelithiasis.METHODS Forty patients with cholelithiasis and thirty-one healthy controls were retrospectively enrolled.The participants underwent high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo single-voxel MRS of the liver at a 3T MR scanner.The proton density fat fraction(PDFF)and R2 value were calculated.Serum parameters and waist circumference(WC)were recorded.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between PDFF,R2,and WC values.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the significant predictors of the risk of cholelithiasis.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis was used to evaluate the discriminative performance of significant predictors.RESULTS Patients with cholelithiasis had higher PDFF,R2,and WC values compared with healthy controls(5.8%±4.2%vs 3.3%±2.4%,P=0.001;50.4±24.8/s vs 38.3±8.8/s,P=0.034;85.3±9.0 cm vs 81.0±6.9 cm,P=0.030;respectively).Liver iron concentration extrapolated from R2 values was significantly higher in the cholelithiasis group(2.21±2.17 mg/g dry tissue vs 1.22±0.49 mg/g dry tissue,P=0.034)than in the healthy group.PDFF was positively correlated with WC(r=0.502,P<0.001)and R2(r=0.425,P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only PDFF was an independent risk factor for cholelithiasis(odds ratio=1.79,95%CI:1.22-2.62,P=0.003).ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of PDFF was 0.723 for discriminating cholelithiasis from healthy controls,with a sensitivity of 55.0%and specificity of 83.9%when the cut-off value of PDFF was 4.4%.CONCLUSION PDFF derived from high speed T2-corrected multi-echo MRS can predict the risk of cholelithiasis.展开更多
Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs r...Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear.Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(Khib),is a novel protein post-translational modification(PTM),which play an important role in transcription,energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells,but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been shown.Results In this study,we first analyzed the modification levels of acetylation(Kac),Khib,crotonylation(Kcr)and succinylation(Ksu)of fibro-adipogenic progenitors(FAPs),myogenic precursors(Myo)and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)with varied differentiation potential,and found that only Khib modification in FAPs was significantly higher than that in MSCs.Consistently,in parallel with its regulatory enzymes lysine acetyltransferase 5(KAT5)and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2)protein levels,the Khib levels increased quadratically(P<0.01)during adipogenic differentiation of FAPs.KAT5 knockdown in FAPs inhibited adipogenic differentiation,while HDAC2 knockdown enhanced adipogenic differentiation.We also demonstrated that Khib modification favored to adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation by comparing Khib levels in FAPs and backfat tissues both derived from obese-type pigs(Laiwu pigs)and lean-type pigs(Duroc pigs),respectively.Accordingly,the expression patterns of KAT5 and HDAC2 matched well to the degree of backfat accumulation in obese-and lean-type pigs.Conclusions From the perspective of protein translational modification,we are the first to reveal the role of Khib in adipogenesis and fat deposition in pigs,and provided new clues for the improvement of fat accumulation and distribution as expected via genetic selection and nutritional strategy in obese-type pigs.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the clinical and biochemical factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population.METHODS:We enrolled 1004 subjects who underwent a medical health checkup between April 2008 a...AIM:To investigate the clinical and biochemical factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population.METHODS:We enrolled 1004 subjects who underwent a medical health checkup between April 2008 and March 2009.The medical health checkup included the following tests:Height,body weight,waist circumference(WC),systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,urinalysis,blood-cell counts,blood chemistry,electrocardiography,chest radiography,and abdominal computed tomography(CT)for visceral fat accumulation.The patients’medical history and lifestyle factors were collected privately by nurses using a selfadministered questionnaire,and they included questions regarding physical activity,sleep duration,dietary habits,smoking,and alcohol consumption.visceral fat area(VFA)was defined as the sum of the intraperitoneal fat area at the level of the umbilicus with CT density in the range of-150 to-50 Hounsfield units.RESULTS:The mean age and body mass index(BMI)of the study subjects were 57.0 years and 24.4 kg/m2.In both male and females,v FA was significantly andpositively correlated with WC(r=0.532,P<0.01;r=0.612,P<0.01).Subjects with high levels of v FA were primarily male with significantly higher age,height,body weight,BMI,systolic blood pressure(BP),diastolic BP,and hemoglobin in all subjects(P<0.05).A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that vF A had a positive relationship with age≥56,BMI≥25 kg/m2,and triglyceride level≥149 in males(P<0.05),whereas it had a positive relationship with age≥58,BMI≥24.4 kg/m2,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level<40 mg/d L,and current drinking in females(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:These results suggest that gender differences exist in the clinical and biochemical parameters associated with visceral fat accumulation.展开更多
Dietary supplementation with sea cucumber saponins(SCS)and exercise have been confirmed to be effective in pre-venting the development of obesity and its related diseases.However,the combined effectiveness of these in...Dietary supplementation with sea cucumber saponins(SCS)and exercise have been confirmed to be effective in pre-venting the development of obesity and its related diseases.However,the combined effectiveness of these interventions has not been explored.Here,we studied whether the beneficial influences of exercise could be further enhanced by dietary supplementation with SCS in high-fat diet-fed KM(Kunming)mice.Mice were randomly divided into four groups,including the high-fat diet group(HF),the SCS group(HF-S),the exercise group(HF-E),and the combination of dietary SCS and exercise group(HF-S+E).There were eight mice in every group.The results demonstrated that the combination of dietary SCS and exercise could synergistically reduce fat accumulation.In particular,white adipose tissue decreased by 63%in the HF-S+E group compared with that in the HF group.SCS supplementation with exercise also improved peripheral markers,such as serum parameters and hepatic TG levels.Further mechani-cal testing indicated that the combined effects of dietary SCS and exercise on inhibiting fat accumulation might be attributed to the inhibition of lipid synthesis in the liver and the activation of lipolysis in white adipose tissue to increase energy consumption.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bile acids play an important role in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes following duodenal-jejunal bypass(DJB).Serum bile acids are elevated postoperatively.However,the clinical relevance is not known.Bile...BACKGROUND Bile acids play an important role in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes following duodenal-jejunal bypass(DJB).Serum bile acids are elevated postoperatively.However,the clinical relevance is not known.Bile acids in the peripheral circulation reflect the amount of bile acids in the gut.Therefore,a further investigation of luminal bile acids following DJB is of great significance.AIM To investigate changes of luminal bile acids following DJB.METHODS Salicylhydroxamic acid(SHAM),DJB,and DJB with oral chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA)supplementation were performed in a high-fat-diet/streptozotocininduced diabetic rat model.Body weight,energy intake,oral glucose tolerance test,luminal bile acids,serum ceramides and intestinal ceramide synthesis were analyzed at week 12 postoperatively.RESULTS Compared to SHAM,DJB achieved rapid and durable improvement in glucose tolerance and led to increased total luminal bile acid concentrations with preferentially increased proportion of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-inhibitory bile acids within the common limb.Intestinal ceramide synthesis was repressed with decreased serum ceramides,and this phenomenon could be partially antagonized by luminal supplementation of FXR activating bile acid CDCA.CONCLUSION DJB significantly changes luminal bile acid composition with increased proportion FXR-inhibitory bile acids and reduces serum ceramide levels.There observations suggest a novel mechanism of bile acids in metabolic regulation after DJB.展开更多
Tibetan pigs are known for their excellent fat deposition capacity and greater backfat thickness.In this study,scRNA-seq was performed to reveal the cellular heterogeneity of stromal vascular fraction(SVF)cells within...Tibetan pigs are known for their excellent fat deposition capacity and greater backfat thickness.In this study,scRNA-seq was performed to reveal the cellular heterogeneity of stromal vascular fraction(SVF)cells within porcine neck adipose tissues.Diverse cell types in neck adipose tissue were identified,including mesenchymal stem cells,preadipocytes,mature adipocytes,macrophages,endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.Tibetan pigs had a higher proportion of mature adipocytes and a greater tendency for preadipocytes to differentiate into mature adipocytes by pseudo-time analysis.Gene ontology analysis highlighted augment pathways related to fatty acid transport and thermogenesis in Tibetan pigs.In vitro experiments further confirmed the superior fat accumulation and fatty acid transport capacities of Tibetan pig SVF cells during adipocyte differentiation,supporting their enhanced fat deposition.Despite their superior adipogenesis,Tibetan pigs had less metabolic activity and oxygen consumption at both the SVF cells and mature adipocyte stages,indicating an adaptation to hypoxic environments at high elevations.This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of fat deposition in pigs and highlights the critical role of Tibetan pig adipose cells in hypoxia adaptation,offering guidance for improving fat content and stress resistance in pig breeding programs.展开更多
Clinical Question What are the recommendations for energy intake and weight gain for pregnant women with obesity?Recommendations Recommendation 1:In pregnancies of obese individuals,second/third trimester energy intak...Clinical Question What are the recommendations for energy intake and weight gain for pregnant women with obesity?Recommendations Recommendation 1:In pregnancies of obese individuals,second/third trimester energy intake should not exceed energy expenditure;thus,additional calories should be avoided to optimize gestational weight management and reduce maternal fat accumulation(Evidence quality:Very low[D],Recommendation strength:Weak).Recommendation 2:Gestational weight gain(GWG)below the Institute of Medicine(IOM)limit or weight loss might be safe and beneficial for pregnant women with obesity[Evidence quality:Moderate(B),Recommendation strength:Strong],especially for those with(body mass index[BMI]≥40.0 kg/m^(2))obesity[Evidence quality:Low(C),Recommendation strength:Strong].展开更多
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (30472282)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7052036)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program, 2007CB512605)
文摘Objective To establish abdominal fat accumulation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia quail model fed with high fat diet. And then to investigate the pathological characteristics of this quail model. Methods Thirty Longcheng quails were randomly divided into two groups： control group and model group （n=15）. The control group quails were fed with normal diet and model group quails were fed with high fat diet for 14 days. After a 12-hour overnight fast, liver and abdominal fat at euthanasia as well as serum were collected. The levels of serum uric acid, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, triglyceride, free fatty acid （FFA）, and blood glucose were assayed. The activity changes of adenosine deaminase （ADA）, xanthine oxidase （XOD）, lipoprotein lipase （LPL）, hepatic lipase （HL）, and fatty acid synthetase （FAS） were analyzed. Results Compared with control group, the abdominal fat content （0.74±0.63 vs. 1.36±0.65 g, P〈0.05） and abdominal fat index （0.44%±0.30% vs. 0.85%±0.30%, P〈0.01） as well as live lipid index （3.61%±0.65% vs. 11.33%±2.14%, P〈0.01） in model group significantly increased; the levels of serum uric acid （210.61±94,76 vs. 304.25±141.94 /amol/L, P〈0.05）, total cholesterol （4.20±0.51 vs. 20.10±11.25 mmol/L, P〈0.01）, LDL-C （1.16±0.29 vs. 10.78±6.48 mmol/L, P〈0.01）, and FFA （0.39±0.14 vs. 0.55±0.15 mmol/L, P〈0.01） in model group significantly increased; HDL-C （5.85±0.95 vs. 4.14±2.03 mmol/L, P〈0.05） significantly decreased; the levels of triglyceride and blood glucose had no significant changes （P〉0.05）; the activities of ADA （9.71±3.05 vs. 17.19±5.10 U/ml, P〈0.01） and XOD （10.58±6,88 vs. 19.22＋9.44 U/L, P〈0.01） in model group significantly increased; and FAS, LPL, HL had no significant changes （P〉0.05）. Conclusions High fat diet can induce abdominal fat accumulation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia quail model. The changes of uric acid and lipid metabolic enzyme activities may he the pathological mechanism of abdominal fat accumulation with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.31525005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21937006,31770390 and 31800298)+3 种基金Yunnan Key Research and Development Program(No.2019ZF011-2)Yunnan Innovative Research Team for Discovery and Biosynthesis of Bioactive Natural Products(No.2018HC012)Science Foundation of Yunnan(No.2018FA017)Youth Innovation Promotion Association and “Western Light” Program of CAS(awarded to LIU Yan)
文摘Obesity that is highly associated with numerous metabolic diseases has become a global health issue nowdays.Plant sesterterpenoids are an important group of natural products with great potential;thus,their bioactivities deserve extensive exploration.RNA-seq analysis indicated that leucosceptroid B,a sesterterpenoid previously discovered from the glandular trichomes of Leucosceptrum canum,significantly regulated the expression of 10 genes involved in lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans.Furthermore,leucosceptroid B was found to reduce fat storage,and downregulate the expression of two stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)genes fat-6 and fat-7,and a fatty acid elongase gene elo-2 in wild-type C.elegans.In addition,leucosceptroid B significantly decreased fat accumulation in both fat-6 and fat-7 mutant worms but did not affect the fat storage of fat-6;fat-7 double mutant.These findings indicated that leucosceptroid B reduced fat storage depending on the downregulated expression of fat-6,fat-7 and elo-2 and thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of the corresponding unsaturated fatty acid.These findings provide new insights into the development and utilization of plant sesterterpenoids as potential antilipemic agents.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver fat accumulation is associated with increased cholesterol synthesis and hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol,which may be related to the development of cholelithiasis.AIM To investigate whether liver fat accumulation measured by high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)is a risk factor for cholelithiasis.METHODS Forty patients with cholelithiasis and thirty-one healthy controls were retrospectively enrolled.The participants underwent high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo single-voxel MRS of the liver at a 3T MR scanner.The proton density fat fraction(PDFF)and R2 value were calculated.Serum parameters and waist circumference(WC)were recorded.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between PDFF,R2,and WC values.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the significant predictors of the risk of cholelithiasis.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis was used to evaluate the discriminative performance of significant predictors.RESULTS Patients with cholelithiasis had higher PDFF,R2,and WC values compared with healthy controls(5.8%±4.2%vs 3.3%±2.4%,P=0.001;50.4±24.8/s vs 38.3±8.8/s,P=0.034;85.3±9.0 cm vs 81.0±6.9 cm,P=0.030;respectively).Liver iron concentration extrapolated from R2 values was significantly higher in the cholelithiasis group(2.21±2.17 mg/g dry tissue vs 1.22±0.49 mg/g dry tissue,P=0.034)than in the healthy group.PDFF was positively correlated with WC(r=0.502,P<0.001)and R2(r=0.425,P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only PDFF was an independent risk factor for cholelithiasis(odds ratio=1.79,95%CI:1.22-2.62,P=0.003).ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of PDFF was 0.723 for discriminating cholelithiasis from healthy controls,with a sensitivity of 55.0%and specificity of 83.9%when the cut-off value of PDFF was 4.4%.CONCLUSION PDFF derived from high speed T2-corrected multi-echo MRS can predict the risk of cholelithiasis.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1301300)。
文摘Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear.Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(Khib),is a novel protein post-translational modification(PTM),which play an important role in transcription,energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells,but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been shown.Results In this study,we first analyzed the modification levels of acetylation(Kac),Khib,crotonylation(Kcr)and succinylation(Ksu)of fibro-adipogenic progenitors(FAPs),myogenic precursors(Myo)and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)with varied differentiation potential,and found that only Khib modification in FAPs was significantly higher than that in MSCs.Consistently,in parallel with its regulatory enzymes lysine acetyltransferase 5(KAT5)and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2)protein levels,the Khib levels increased quadratically(P<0.01)during adipogenic differentiation of FAPs.KAT5 knockdown in FAPs inhibited adipogenic differentiation,while HDAC2 knockdown enhanced adipogenic differentiation.We also demonstrated that Khib modification favored to adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation by comparing Khib levels in FAPs and backfat tissues both derived from obese-type pigs(Laiwu pigs)and lean-type pigs(Duroc pigs),respectively.Accordingly,the expression patterns of KAT5 and HDAC2 matched well to the degree of backfat accumulation in obese-and lean-type pigs.Conclusions From the perspective of protein translational modification,we are the first to reveal the role of Khib in adipogenesis and fat deposition in pigs,and provided new clues for the improvement of fat accumulation and distribution as expected via genetic selection and nutritional strategy in obese-type pigs.
文摘AIM:To investigate the clinical and biochemical factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population.METHODS:We enrolled 1004 subjects who underwent a medical health checkup between April 2008 and March 2009.The medical health checkup included the following tests:Height,body weight,waist circumference(WC),systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,urinalysis,blood-cell counts,blood chemistry,electrocardiography,chest radiography,and abdominal computed tomography(CT)for visceral fat accumulation.The patients’medical history and lifestyle factors were collected privately by nurses using a selfadministered questionnaire,and they included questions regarding physical activity,sleep duration,dietary habits,smoking,and alcohol consumption.visceral fat area(VFA)was defined as the sum of the intraperitoneal fat area at the level of the umbilicus with CT density in the range of-150 to-50 Hounsfield units.RESULTS:The mean age and body mass index(BMI)of the study subjects were 57.0 years and 24.4 kg/m2.In both male and females,v FA was significantly andpositively correlated with WC(r=0.532,P<0.01;r=0.612,P<0.01).Subjects with high levels of v FA were primarily male with significantly higher age,height,body weight,BMI,systolic blood pressure(BP),diastolic BP,and hemoglobin in all subjects(P<0.05).A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that vF A had a positive relationship with age≥56,BMI≥25 kg/m2,and triglyceride level≥149 in males(P<0.05),whereas it had a positive relationship with age≥58,BMI≥24.4 kg/m2,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level<40 mg/d L,and current drinking in females(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:These results suggest that gender differences exist in the clinical and biochemical parameters associated with visceral fat accumulation.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(No.2018YFD0901103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31901688 and 31571771).
文摘Dietary supplementation with sea cucumber saponins(SCS)and exercise have been confirmed to be effective in pre-venting the development of obesity and its related diseases.However,the combined effectiveness of these interventions has not been explored.Here,we studied whether the beneficial influences of exercise could be further enhanced by dietary supplementation with SCS in high-fat diet-fed KM(Kunming)mice.Mice were randomly divided into four groups,including the high-fat diet group(HF),the SCS group(HF-S),the exercise group(HF-E),and the combination of dietary SCS and exercise group(HF-S+E).There were eight mice in every group.The results demonstrated that the combination of dietary SCS and exercise could synergistically reduce fat accumulation.In particular,white adipose tissue decreased by 63%in the HF-S+E group compared with that in the HF group.SCS supplementation with exercise also improved peripheral markers,such as serum parameters and hepatic TG levels.Further mechani-cal testing indicated that the combined effects of dietary SCS and exercise on inhibiting fat accumulation might be attributed to the inhibition of lipid synthesis in the liver and the activation of lipolysis in white adipose tissue to increase energy consumption.
文摘BACKGROUND Bile acids play an important role in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes following duodenal-jejunal bypass(DJB).Serum bile acids are elevated postoperatively.However,the clinical relevance is not known.Bile acids in the peripheral circulation reflect the amount of bile acids in the gut.Therefore,a further investigation of luminal bile acids following DJB is of great significance.AIM To investigate changes of luminal bile acids following DJB.METHODS Salicylhydroxamic acid(SHAM),DJB,and DJB with oral chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA)supplementation were performed in a high-fat-diet/streptozotocininduced diabetic rat model.Body weight,energy intake,oral glucose tolerance test,luminal bile acids,serum ceramides and intestinal ceramide synthesis were analyzed at week 12 postoperatively.RESULTS Compared to SHAM,DJB achieved rapid and durable improvement in glucose tolerance and led to increased total luminal bile acid concentrations with preferentially increased proportion of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-inhibitory bile acids within the common limb.Intestinal ceramide synthesis was repressed with decreased serum ceramides,and this phenomenon could be partially antagonized by luminal supplementation of FXR activating bile acid CDCA.CONCLUSION DJB significantly changes luminal bile acid composition with increased proportion FXR-inhibitory bile acids and reduces serum ceramide levels.There observations suggest a novel mechanism of bile acids in metabolic regulation after DJB.
基金funded by the National Agricultural Biological Breeding Project of China.
文摘Tibetan pigs are known for their excellent fat deposition capacity and greater backfat thickness.In this study,scRNA-seq was performed to reveal the cellular heterogeneity of stromal vascular fraction(SVF)cells within porcine neck adipose tissues.Diverse cell types in neck adipose tissue were identified,including mesenchymal stem cells,preadipocytes,mature adipocytes,macrophages,endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.Tibetan pigs had a higher proportion of mature adipocytes and a greater tendency for preadipocytes to differentiate into mature adipocytes by pseudo-time analysis.Gene ontology analysis highlighted augment pathways related to fatty acid transport and thermogenesis in Tibetan pigs.In vitro experiments further confirmed the superior fat accumulation and fatty acid transport capacities of Tibetan pig SVF cells during adipocyte differentiation,supporting their enhanced fat deposition.Despite their superior adipogenesis,Tibetan pigs had less metabolic activity and oxygen consumption at both the SVF cells and mature adipocyte stages,indicating an adaptation to hypoxic environments at high elevations.This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of fat deposition in pigs and highlights the critical role of Tibetan pig adipose cells in hypoxia adaptation,offering guidance for improving fat content and stress resistance in pig breeding programs.
基金supported by grants from the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2024ZD0532100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82470863)the Beijing Nova Program(No.2024010).
文摘Clinical Question What are the recommendations for energy intake and weight gain for pregnant women with obesity?Recommendations Recommendation 1:In pregnancies of obese individuals,second/third trimester energy intake should not exceed energy expenditure;thus,additional calories should be avoided to optimize gestational weight management and reduce maternal fat accumulation(Evidence quality:Very low[D],Recommendation strength:Weak).Recommendation 2:Gestational weight gain(GWG)below the Institute of Medicine(IOM)limit or weight loss might be safe and beneficial for pregnant women with obesity[Evidence quality:Moderate(B),Recommendation strength:Strong],especially for those with(body mass index[BMI]≥40.0 kg/m^(2))obesity[Evidence quality:Low(C),Recommendation strength:Strong].
