AIM:To compare visual field defects using the Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm(SITA)Fast strategy with SITA Faster strategy,a newly developed time-saving threshold visual field strategy.METHODS:Ninety-three ...AIM:To compare visual field defects using the Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm(SITA)Fast strategy with SITA Faster strategy,a newly developed time-saving threshold visual field strategy.METHODS:Ninety-three participants(60 glaucoma patients and 33 normal controls)were enrolled.One eye from each participant was selected randomly for the study.SITA Fast and SITA Faster were performed using the 24-2 default mode for each test.The differences of visual field defects between the two strategies were compared using the test duration,false-positive response errors,mean deviation(MD),visual field index(VFI)and the numbers of depressed test points at the significant levels of P<5%,<2%,<1%,and<0.5%in probability plots.The correlation between strategies was analyzed.The agreement between strategies was acquired by Bland-Altman analysis.RESULTS:Mean test durations were 246.0±60.9 s for SITA Fast,and 156.3±46.3 s for SITA Faster(P<0.001).The test duration of SITA Faster was 36.5%shorter than SITA Fast.The MD,VFI and numbers of depressed points at P<5%,<2%,<1%,and<0.5%in probability plots showed no statistically significant difference between two strategies(P>0.05).Correlation analysis showed a high correlation for MD(r=0.986,P<0.001)and VFI(r=0.986,P<0.001)between the two strategies.Bland-Altman analysis showed great agreement between the two strategies.CONCLUSION:SITA Faster,which saves considerable test time,has a great test quality comparing to SITA Fast,but may be not directly interchangeable.展开更多
Background: Fasting is a simple metabolic strategy that is used to estimate the maintenance energy requirement where the energy supply for basic physiological functions is provided by the mobilization of body reserves...Background: Fasting is a simple metabolic strategy that is used to estimate the maintenance energy requirement where the energy supply for basic physiological functions is provided by the mobilization of body reserves.However, the underlying metabolic components of maintenance energy expenditure are not clear. This study investigated the differences in heat production(HP), respiratory quotient(RQ) and plasma metabolites in pigs in the fed and fasted state, using the techniques of indirect calorimetry and metabolomics.Methods: Nine barrows(45.2 ± 1.7 kg BW) were fed corn-soybean based meal diets and were kept in metabolism crates for a period of 14 d. After 7 d adaptation, pigs were transferred to respiratory chambers to determine HP and RQ based on indirect calorimetry. Pigs were fed the diet at 2,400 k J ME/(kg BW0.6·d) during d 8 to 12. The last 2 d were divided into 24 h fasting and 48 h fasting treatment, respectively. Plasma samples of each pig were collected from the anterior vena cava during the last 3 d(1 d while pigs were fed and 2 d during which they were fasted).The metabolites of plasma were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry using a metabolomics approach.Results: Indirect calorimetry analysis revealed that HP and RQ were no significant difference between 24 h fasting and 48 h fasting, which were lower than those of fed state(P < 0.01). The nitrogen concentration of urine tended to decrease with fasting(P = 0.054). Metabolomics analysis between the fed and fasted state revealed differences in15 compounds, most of which were not significantly different between 24 h fasting and 48 h fasting. Identified compounds were enriched in metabolic pathways related to linoleic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism, and pantothenate and Co A biosynthesis.Conclusion: These results suggest that the decreases in HP and RQ of growing pigs under fasting conditions were associated with the alterations of linoleic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The integrative analysis also revealed that growing pigs under a 24-h fasting were more appropriate than a 48-h fasting to investigate the metabolic components of maintenance energy expenditure.展开更多
To achieve efficient and refined thermal environment simulations for single-phase and two-phase flows in aircraft cabins,we propose an integrated analysis method.This approach enables rapid coupled heat transfer calcu...To achieve efficient and refined thermal environment simulations for single-phase and two-phase flows in aircraft cabins,we propose an integrated analysis method.This approach enables rapid coupled heat transfer calculations among single-phase flow,two-phase flow,and solids within a single time step.For single-phase fluid and solid equipment,a fast numerical algorithm for natural convection is developed using a loosely coupled strategy,dividing the single-phase flow into developmental stages for efficient temperature field computation.For two-phase flow and the fuel tank wall,a transient heat transfer model is constructed at the gas-liquid-solid boundary,facilitating fast thermal analysis.These methods are unified for integrated simulation of the cabin’s thermal environment.Validation based on two-dimensional models demonstrates a speedup by a factor of 7.9,while maintaining an average temperature error of less than 1%at two-phase nodes.The method’s robustness is confirmed under various high-temperature boundary conditions.展开更多
文摘AIM:To compare visual field defects using the Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm(SITA)Fast strategy with SITA Faster strategy,a newly developed time-saving threshold visual field strategy.METHODS:Ninety-three participants(60 glaucoma patients and 33 normal controls)were enrolled.One eye from each participant was selected randomly for the study.SITA Fast and SITA Faster were performed using the 24-2 default mode for each test.The differences of visual field defects between the two strategies were compared using the test duration,false-positive response errors,mean deviation(MD),visual field index(VFI)and the numbers of depressed test points at the significant levels of P<5%,<2%,<1%,and<0.5%in probability plots.The correlation between strategies was analyzed.The agreement between strategies was acquired by Bland-Altman analysis.RESULTS:Mean test durations were 246.0±60.9 s for SITA Fast,and 156.3±46.3 s for SITA Faster(P<0.001).The test duration of SITA Faster was 36.5%shorter than SITA Fast.The MD,VFI and numbers of depressed points at P<5%,<2%,<1%,and<0.5%in probability plots showed no statistically significant difference between two strategies(P>0.05).Correlation analysis showed a high correlation for MD(r=0.986,P<0.001)and VFI(r=0.986,P<0.001)between the two strategies.Bland-Altman analysis showed great agreement between the two strategies.CONCLUSION:SITA Faster,which saves considerable test time,has a great test quality comparing to SITA Fast,but may be not directly interchangeable.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372317)Developing Key Equipment for Digital Management and Monitoring Environment in Animal Production(2013AA10230602)+1 种基金Prevention and Control of Nutritional Metabolism and Toxic Diseases in Livestock and Poultry(2016YFD0501204)the 111 Project(B16044)
文摘Background: Fasting is a simple metabolic strategy that is used to estimate the maintenance energy requirement where the energy supply for basic physiological functions is provided by the mobilization of body reserves.However, the underlying metabolic components of maintenance energy expenditure are not clear. This study investigated the differences in heat production(HP), respiratory quotient(RQ) and plasma metabolites in pigs in the fed and fasted state, using the techniques of indirect calorimetry and metabolomics.Methods: Nine barrows(45.2 ± 1.7 kg BW) were fed corn-soybean based meal diets and were kept in metabolism crates for a period of 14 d. After 7 d adaptation, pigs were transferred to respiratory chambers to determine HP and RQ based on indirect calorimetry. Pigs were fed the diet at 2,400 k J ME/(kg BW0.6·d) during d 8 to 12. The last 2 d were divided into 24 h fasting and 48 h fasting treatment, respectively. Plasma samples of each pig were collected from the anterior vena cava during the last 3 d(1 d while pigs were fed and 2 d during which they were fasted).The metabolites of plasma were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry using a metabolomics approach.Results: Indirect calorimetry analysis revealed that HP and RQ were no significant difference between 24 h fasting and 48 h fasting, which were lower than those of fed state(P < 0.01). The nitrogen concentration of urine tended to decrease with fasting(P = 0.054). Metabolomics analysis between the fed and fasted state revealed differences in15 compounds, most of which were not significantly different between 24 h fasting and 48 h fasting. Identified compounds were enriched in metabolic pathways related to linoleic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism, and pantothenate and Co A biosynthesis.Conclusion: These results suggest that the decreases in HP and RQ of growing pigs under fasting conditions were associated with the alterations of linoleic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The integrative analysis also revealed that growing pigs under a 24-h fasting were more appropriate than a 48-h fasting to investigate the metabolic components of maintenance energy expenditure.
文摘To achieve efficient and refined thermal environment simulations for single-phase and two-phase flows in aircraft cabins,we propose an integrated analysis method.This approach enables rapid coupled heat transfer calculations among single-phase flow,two-phase flow,and solids within a single time step.For single-phase fluid and solid equipment,a fast numerical algorithm for natural convection is developed using a loosely coupled strategy,dividing the single-phase flow into developmental stages for efficient temperature field computation.For two-phase flow and the fuel tank wall,a transient heat transfer model is constructed at the gas-liquid-solid boundary,facilitating fast thermal analysis.These methods are unified for integrated simulation of the cabin’s thermal environment.Validation based on two-dimensional models demonstrates a speedup by a factor of 7.9,while maintaining an average temperature error of less than 1%at two-phase nodes.The method’s robustness is confirmed under various high-temperature boundary conditions.
