Biological robot is a kind of creature controlled by human beings by applying intervention signals through control technology to regulate biological behavior.At present,the research on bio-robot mainly focuses on terr...Biological robot is a kind of creature controlled by human beings by applying intervention signals through control technology to regulate biological behavior.At present,the research on bio-robot mainly focuses on terrestrial mammals and insects,while the research on aquatic animal robot is less.Early studies have shown that the medial longitudinal fasciculus nucleus(NFLM)of carp midbrain was related to tail wagging,but the research has not been applied to the navigation control of the carp robot.The purpose of this study is to realize the quantitative control of the forward and steering behavior of the carp robot by NFLM electrical stimulation.Under the condition of no craniotomy,brain electrode was implanted into the NFLM of the carp midbrain,and the underwater control experiment was carried out by applying different electrical stimulation parameters.Using the ImageJ software and self-programmed,the forward motion speed and steering angle of steering motion of the carp robot before and after being stimulated were calculated.The experimental results showed for the carp robot that was induced the steering motion,the left and right steering motion of 30°to 150°could be achieved by adjusting the stimulation parameters,for the carp robot that was induced the forward motion,the speed of forward motion could be controlled to reach 100 cm/s.The research lays a foundation for the accurate control of the forward and steering motion of the aquatic animal robot.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the deterministic and probabilistic tracking methods of diffusion tensor white matter fiber tractography in patients with brain tumors. Materials and Methods: We ident...Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the deterministic and probabilistic tracking methods of diffusion tensor white matter fiber tractography in patients with brain tumors. Materials and Methods: We identified 29 patients with left brain tumors ciculus was reconstructed using a deterministic Fiber Assignment by Continuous Tracking (FACT) algorithm and a probabilistic method based on an extended Monte Carlo Random Walk algorithm. Tracking was controlled using two ROIs corresponding to Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. Tracts in tumoraffected hemispheres were examined for extension between Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, anterior-posterior length and volume, and compared with the normal contralateral tracts. Results: Probabilistic tracts displayed more complete anterior extension to Broca’s area than did FACT tracts on the tumor-affected and normal sides (p rs.展开更多
The arcuate fasciculus is a critical component of the neural substrate of human language function.Surgical resection of glioma adjacent to the arcuate fasciculus likely damages this region.In this study,we evaluated t...The arcuate fasciculus is a critical component of the neural substrate of human language function.Surgical resection of glioma adjacent to the arcuate fasciculus likely damages this region.In this study,we evaluated the outcome of surgical resection of glioma adjacent to the arcuate fasciculus under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging,and we aimed to identify the risk factors for postoperative linguistic deficit.In total,54 patients with primary glioma adjacent to the arcuate fasciculus were included in this observational study.These patients comprised 38 men and 16 women(aged 43±11 years).All patients underwent surgical resenction of glioma under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging.Intraoperative images were updated when necessary for further resection.The gross total resection rate of the 54 patients increased from 38.9%to 70.4%by intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging.Preoperative language function and glioma-to-arcuate fasciculus distance were associated with poor language outcome.Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that glioma-to-arcuate fasciculus distance was the major independent risk factor for poor outcome.The cutoff point of glioma-to-arcuate fasciculus distance for poor outcome was 3.2 mm.These findings suggest that intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging combined with diffusion tensor imaging of the arcuate fasciculus can help optimize tumor resection and result in the least damage to the arcuate fasciculus.Notably,glioma-to-arcuate fasciculus distance is a key independent risk factor for poor postoperative language outcome.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Chinese PLA General Hospital,China(approval No.S2014-096-01)on October 11,2014.展开更多
Essential language sites and the arcuate fasciculus（AF） have been extensively researched. However, the relationship between them remains insufficiently studied,especially in healthy people. Navigated transcranial ma...Essential language sites and the arcuate fasciculus（AF） have been extensively researched. However, the relationship between them remains insufficiently studied,especially in healthy people. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation（n TMS） is increasingly used in language mapping. While enjoying the advantage of non-invasiveness, it is also capable of inducing a virtual lesion in the brain. Thus, it offers the possibility of using the virtuallesion method to study the healthy brain. This study combined n TMS and diffusion tensor imaging（DTI）tractography to investigate the relationship between essential language sites and the AF in 30 healthy right-handedvolunteers. A total of 143 essential language sites were identified using n TMS, and a total of 175 AF terminations were identified using DTI tractography. Sixty-six sites had a direct correlation with the AF, accounting for 46% of the total essential language sites. Forty-seven AF terminations harbored essential language sites, accounting for 27% of the total AF terminations. Upon data rendering to the cortical parcellation system, a region-related heterogeneity of the correlation rate was found. This study provides the first data on the relationship between essential language sites and the AF in healthy adults.展开更多
Because Broca＇s area and Wernicke＇s area in the brain are connected by the arcuate fasciculus, understanding the anatomical location and morphometry of the arcuate fasciculus can help in the treatment of patients wi...Because Broca＇s area and Wernicke＇s area in the brain are connected by the arcuate fasciculus, understanding the anatomical location and morphometry of the arcuate fasciculus can help in the treatment of patients with aphasia. We measured the horizontal and vertical curvature ranges of the arcuate fasciculus in both hemispheres in 12 healthy subjects using diffusion tensor tractography. In the right hemisphere, the direct curvature range and indirect curvature range values of the arcuate fasciculus horizontal part were 121.13 ± 5.89 and 25.99 ± 3.01 degrees, respectively, and in the left hemisphere, the values were 121.83 ± 5.33 and 27.40 ± 2.96 degrees, respectively. In the right hemisphere, the direct curvature range and indirect curvature range values of the arcuate fasciculus vertical part were 43.97 ± 7.98 and 30.15 ± 3.82 degrees, respectively, and in the left hemisphere, the values were 39.39 ± 4.42 and 24.08 ± 4.34 degrees, respectively. We believe that the measured curvature ranges are important data for localization and quantitative assessment of specific neuronal pathways in patients presenting with arcuate fasciculus abnormalities.展开更多
The parahippocampal gyrus-orbitofrontal cortex(PHG-OFC)circuit in humans is homologous to the postrhinal cortex(POR)-ventral lateral orbitofrontal cortex(vlOFC)circuit in rodents.Both are associated with visuospatial ...The parahippocampal gyrus-orbitofrontal cortex(PHG-OFC)circuit in humans is homologous to the postrhinal cortex(POR)-ventral lateral orbitofrontal cortex(vlOFC)circuit in rodents.Both are associated with visuospatial malfunctions in Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.In this study,we explored the relationship between an impaired POR-vlOFC circuit and visuospatial memory deficits through retrograde tracing and in vivo local field potential recordings in 5XFAD mice,and investigated alterations of the PHG-OFC circuit by multi-domain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in patients on the AD spectrum.We demonstrated that an impaired glutamatergic POR-vlOFC circuit resulted in deficient visuospatial memory in 5XFAD mice.Moreover,MRI measurements of the PHG-OFC circuit had an accuracy of 77.33%for the classification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment converters versus non-converters.Thus,the PHG-OFC circuit explains the neuroanatomical basis of visuospatial memory deficits in AD,thereby providing a potential predictor for AD progression and a promising interventional approach for AD.展开更多
The rostral agranular insular cortex(RAIC)has been associated with pain modulation.Although the endogenous cannabinoid system(eCB)has been shown to regulate chronic pain,the roles of eCBs in the RAIC remain elusive un...The rostral agranular insular cortex(RAIC)has been associated with pain modulation.Although the endogenous cannabinoid system(eCB)has been shown to regulate chronic pain,the roles of eCBs in the RAIC remain elusive under the neuropathic pain state.Neuropathic pain was induced in C57BL/6 mice by common peroneal nerve(CPN)ligation.The roles of the eCB were tested in the RAIC of ligated CPN C57BL/6J mice,glutamatergic,or GABAergic neuron cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1R)knockdown mice with the whole-cell patch-clamp and pain behavioral methods.The E/I ratio(amplitude ratio between mEPSCs and mIPSCs)was significantly increased in layer V pyramidal neurons of the RAIC in CPN-ligated mice.Depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition but not depolarization-induced suppression of excitation in RAIC layer V pyramidal neurons were significantly increased in CPN-ligated mice.The analgesic effect of ACEA(a CB1R agonist)was alleviated along with bilateral dorsolateral funiculus lesions,with the administration of AM251(a CB1R antagonist),and in CB1R knockdown mice in GABAergic neurons,but not glutamatergic neurons of the RAIC.Our results suggest that CB1R activation reinforces the function of the descending pain inhibitory pathway via reducing the inhibition of glutamatergic layer V neurons by GABAergic neurons in the RAIC to induce an analgesic effect in neuropathic pain.展开更多
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia(INO)is caused by a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus.Patients with INO are usually asymptomatic but may have diplopia and oscillopsia.The most common causes of INO are ischemia ...Internuclear ophthalmoplegia(INO)is caused by a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus.Patients with INO are usually asymptomatic but may have diplopia and oscillopsia.The most common causes of INO are ischemia and demyelination.Occurrence of INO due to infectious etiologies like tuberculosis,AIDS,brucellosis,cysticercosis and syphilis is well known.However,clinical presentation of INO associated with herpes zoster is very rare.The possible pathogenic mechanism for varicella zoster virus(VZV)induced INO could be demyelination or microinfarction in the brainstem.In the present study,a case of 56 years old male with double vision,with a recent history of herpes zoster,has been reported.Clinical examination revealed right INO.VZV IgM antibodies were positive and patient recovered fully after treatment with acyclovir and steroids.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(project number:61573305)Projectof Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Provinceof China(project number:F2019203511)National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China(863 Plan)Project(2013AA***)Fund.
文摘Biological robot is a kind of creature controlled by human beings by applying intervention signals through control technology to regulate biological behavior.At present,the research on bio-robot mainly focuses on terrestrial mammals and insects,while the research on aquatic animal robot is less.Early studies have shown that the medial longitudinal fasciculus nucleus(NFLM)of carp midbrain was related to tail wagging,but the research has not been applied to the navigation control of the carp robot.The purpose of this study is to realize the quantitative control of the forward and steering behavior of the carp robot by NFLM electrical stimulation.Under the condition of no craniotomy,brain electrode was implanted into the NFLM of the carp midbrain,and the underwater control experiment was carried out by applying different electrical stimulation parameters.Using the ImageJ software and self-programmed,the forward motion speed and steering angle of steering motion of the carp robot before and after being stimulated were calculated.The experimental results showed for the carp robot that was induced the steering motion,the left and right steering motion of 30°to 150°could be achieved by adjusting the stimulation parameters,for the carp robot that was induced the forward motion,the speed of forward motion could be controlled to reach 100 cm/s.The research lays a foundation for the accurate control of the forward and steering motion of the aquatic animal robot.
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the deterministic and probabilistic tracking methods of diffusion tensor white matter fiber tractography in patients with brain tumors. Materials and Methods: We identified 29 patients with left brain tumors ciculus was reconstructed using a deterministic Fiber Assignment by Continuous Tracking (FACT) algorithm and a probabilistic method based on an extended Monte Carlo Random Walk algorithm. Tracking was controlled using two ROIs corresponding to Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. Tracts in tumoraffected hemispheres were examined for extension between Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, anterior-posterior length and volume, and compared with the normal contralateral tracts. Results: Probabilistic tracts displayed more complete anterior extension to Broca’s area than did FACT tracts on the tumor-affected and normal sides (p rs.
基金Clinical Research Fostering Fund of Chinese PLA General Hospital in China,No.2017FC-TSYS-2012(to FYL)Youth Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province of China,No.819QN378(to FYL)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771481(to XLC)China National Key R&D Program,No.2018YFC1312602(to XLC)National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases of China,No.NCRCGPLAGH-2017007(to XLC)。
文摘The arcuate fasciculus is a critical component of the neural substrate of human language function.Surgical resection of glioma adjacent to the arcuate fasciculus likely damages this region.In this study,we evaluated the outcome of surgical resection of glioma adjacent to the arcuate fasciculus under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging,and we aimed to identify the risk factors for postoperative linguistic deficit.In total,54 patients with primary glioma adjacent to the arcuate fasciculus were included in this observational study.These patients comprised 38 men and 16 women(aged 43±11 years).All patients underwent surgical resenction of glioma under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging.Intraoperative images were updated when necessary for further resection.The gross total resection rate of the 54 patients increased from 38.9%to 70.4%by intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging.Preoperative language function and glioma-to-arcuate fasciculus distance were associated with poor language outcome.Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that glioma-to-arcuate fasciculus distance was the major independent risk factor for poor outcome.The cutoff point of glioma-to-arcuate fasciculus distance for poor outcome was 3.2 mm.These findings suggest that intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging combined with diffusion tensor imaging of the arcuate fasciculus can help optimize tumor resection and result in the least damage to the arcuate fasciculus.Notably,glioma-to-arcuate fasciculus distance is a key independent risk factor for poor postoperative language outcome.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Chinese PLA General Hospital,China(approval No.S2014-096-01)on October 11,2014.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81272782 and 81472352)the Chinese Society of Neuro-oncology,Chinese AntiCancer Association(CSNO2014MSD01)Special Funds for Instruments of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81127003)
文摘Essential language sites and the arcuate fasciculus（AF） have been extensively researched. However, the relationship between them remains insufficiently studied,especially in healthy people. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation（n TMS） is increasingly used in language mapping. While enjoying the advantage of non-invasiveness, it is also capable of inducing a virtual lesion in the brain. Thus, it offers the possibility of using the virtuallesion method to study the healthy brain. This study combined n TMS and diffusion tensor imaging（DTI）tractography to investigate the relationship between essential language sites and the AF in 30 healthy right-handedvolunteers. A total of 143 essential language sites were identified using n TMS, and a total of 175 AF terminations were identified using DTI tractography. Sixty-six sites had a direct correlation with the AF, accounting for 46% of the total essential language sites. Forty-seven AF terminations harbored essential language sites, accounting for 27% of the total AF terminations. Upon data rendering to the cortical parcellation system, a region-related heterogeneity of the correlation rate was found. This study provides the first data on the relationship between essential language sites and the AF in healthy adults.
基金supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government,MOEHRD,No.KRF-2007-313-E00395
文摘Because Broca＇s area and Wernicke＇s area in the brain are connected by the arcuate fasciculus, understanding the anatomical location and morphometry of the arcuate fasciculus can help in the treatment of patients with aphasia. We measured the horizontal and vertical curvature ranges of the arcuate fasciculus in both hemispheres in 12 healthy subjects using diffusion tensor tractography. In the right hemisphere, the direct curvature range and indirect curvature range values of the arcuate fasciculus horizontal part were 121.13 ± 5.89 and 25.99 ± 3.01 degrees, respectively, and in the left hemisphere, the values were 121.83 ± 5.33 and 27.40 ± 2.96 degrees, respectively. In the right hemisphere, the direct curvature range and indirect curvature range values of the arcuate fasciculus vertical part were 43.97 ± 7.98 and 30.15 ± 3.82 degrees, respectively, and in the left hemisphere, the values were 39.39 ± 4.42 and 24.08 ± 4.34 degrees, respectively. We believe that the measured curvature ranges are important data for localization and quantitative assessment of specific neuronal pathways in patients presenting with arcuate fasciculus abnormalities.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81420108012,81671046,91832000,and 31700936)the Program of Excellent Talents in Medical Science of Jiangsu Province,China (JCRCA2016006)+4 种基金a Special Project of Clinical Medicine Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province,China (BL2014077)a Guangdong Province Grant (2017A030310496)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China (2018B030331001)a National Special Support Grant (W02020453)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior (2017B030301017)。
文摘The parahippocampal gyrus-orbitofrontal cortex(PHG-OFC)circuit in humans is homologous to the postrhinal cortex(POR)-ventral lateral orbitofrontal cortex(vlOFC)circuit in rodents.Both are associated with visuospatial malfunctions in Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.In this study,we explored the relationship between an impaired POR-vlOFC circuit and visuospatial memory deficits through retrograde tracing and in vivo local field potential recordings in 5XFAD mice,and investigated alterations of the PHG-OFC circuit by multi-domain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in patients on the AD spectrum.We demonstrated that an impaired glutamatergic POR-vlOFC circuit resulted in deficient visuospatial memory in 5XFAD mice.Moreover,MRI measurements of the PHG-OFC circuit had an accuracy of 77.33%for the classification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment converters versus non-converters.Thus,the PHG-OFC circuit explains the neuroanatomical basis of visuospatial memory deficits in AD,thereby providing a potential predictor for AD progression and a promising interventional approach for AD.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271056,81671081,and 81701095)University Science and Technology Fund Planning Projects(2022XC002 and 2019XB006).
文摘The rostral agranular insular cortex(RAIC)has been associated with pain modulation.Although the endogenous cannabinoid system(eCB)has been shown to regulate chronic pain,the roles of eCBs in the RAIC remain elusive under the neuropathic pain state.Neuropathic pain was induced in C57BL/6 mice by common peroneal nerve(CPN)ligation.The roles of the eCB were tested in the RAIC of ligated CPN C57BL/6J mice,glutamatergic,or GABAergic neuron cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1R)knockdown mice with the whole-cell patch-clamp and pain behavioral methods.The E/I ratio(amplitude ratio between mEPSCs and mIPSCs)was significantly increased in layer V pyramidal neurons of the RAIC in CPN-ligated mice.Depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition but not depolarization-induced suppression of excitation in RAIC layer V pyramidal neurons were significantly increased in CPN-ligated mice.The analgesic effect of ACEA(a CB1R agonist)was alleviated along with bilateral dorsolateral funiculus lesions,with the administration of AM251(a CB1R antagonist),and in CB1R knockdown mice in GABAergic neurons,but not glutamatergic neurons of the RAIC.Our results suggest that CB1R activation reinforces the function of the descending pain inhibitory pathway via reducing the inhibition of glutamatergic layer V neurons by GABAergic neurons in the RAIC to induce an analgesic effect in neuropathic pain.
文摘Internuclear ophthalmoplegia(INO)is caused by a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus.Patients with INO are usually asymptomatic but may have diplopia and oscillopsia.The most common causes of INO are ischemia and demyelination.Occurrence of INO due to infectious etiologies like tuberculosis,AIDS,brucellosis,cysticercosis and syphilis is well known.However,clinical presentation of INO associated with herpes zoster is very rare.The possible pathogenic mechanism for varicella zoster virus(VZV)induced INO could be demyelination or microinfarction in the brainstem.In the present study,a case of 56 years old male with double vision,with a recent history of herpes zoster,has been reported.Clinical examination revealed right INO.VZV IgM antibodies were positive and patient recovered fully after treatment with acyclovir and steroids.
