The experiment compared the physical characteristics of aqua feed with crude or gelatinized tapioca starch as sources of energy.The bulk density(BD),water absorption index(WAI),water solubility index(WSI),pellet durab...The experiment compared the physical characteristics of aqua feed with crude or gelatinized tapioca starch as sources of energy.The bulk density(BD),water absorption index(WAI),water solubility index(WSI),pellet durability index(PDI)and water stability(WS)were measured in both experimental diets.The results showed significant variations(p<0.05)in BD and WAI in diet with crude tapioca starch while non-significant variations(p>0.05)were recorded for WSI and WS in both diets.The higher BD of a diet,the better its ability in resisting external forces that can cause disintegration.A high BD also reduces ability to the feed material shrinking,thereby preventing loss to feed dust and fines.The results of WSI,WS and PDI of diets denotes that both pellets were water stable and could spend about same time in water but diet with gelatinized starch had a better water absorption index and pellet durability index.Furthermore,proximate composition of diets showed that diets with gelatinized starch had low moisture(9.04%),low fibre(5.24%),and higher ash(13.61%)and lipid(9.64%)contents.It can be concluded from this experiment that diets with gelatinized starch stands the chance of being a better functional feed for small-scale fish farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa.展开更多
In Thailand, the site-specific nutrient management technology, known as “Tailor-made Fertilizer Technology (TFT)”, for rice, maize and sugarcane in the Northeastern region was developed between 1997-2007, using the ...In Thailand, the site-specific nutrient management technology, known as “Tailor-made Fertilizer Technology (TFT)”, for rice, maize and sugarcane in the Northeastern region was developed between 1997-2007, using the concepts of precision agriculture together with an approach of building capacity of small farmers. TFT, also called Smart-farming, comprises four components, namely 1) soil series identification, 2) N-P-K testing by soil test kit, 3) fertilizer recommendations using decision-aids and a simplified version of a complex model and 4) farmer empowerment. The benefit of TFT at the rice field of the Huay Kamin chairman farmer group was one example, the technology has been disseminated to the 80 members with a total planting area of about 320 ha. The results revealed chemical fertilizer reduction of 69%, and rice yield increased some 10% - 20% with the improved fertilizer application method. The farmers were encouraged to establish “Soil Clinics” in their communities. In a Soil Clinic, designated and trained farmer leaders analyze soil samples for member farmers and provide TFT recommendations while providing access to fertilizer materials available for sale at competitive prices. At present, there are about 70 soil clinics in 20 provinces with the support of many government and private sectors.展开更多
文摘The experiment compared the physical characteristics of aqua feed with crude or gelatinized tapioca starch as sources of energy.The bulk density(BD),water absorption index(WAI),water solubility index(WSI),pellet durability index(PDI)and water stability(WS)were measured in both experimental diets.The results showed significant variations(p<0.05)in BD and WAI in diet with crude tapioca starch while non-significant variations(p>0.05)were recorded for WSI and WS in both diets.The higher BD of a diet,the better its ability in resisting external forces that can cause disintegration.A high BD also reduces ability to the feed material shrinking,thereby preventing loss to feed dust and fines.The results of WSI,WS and PDI of diets denotes that both pellets were water stable and could spend about same time in water but diet with gelatinized starch had a better water absorption index and pellet durability index.Furthermore,proximate composition of diets showed that diets with gelatinized starch had low moisture(9.04%),low fibre(5.24%),and higher ash(13.61%)and lipid(9.64%)contents.It can be concluded from this experiment that diets with gelatinized starch stands the chance of being a better functional feed for small-scale fish farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa.
文摘In Thailand, the site-specific nutrient management technology, known as “Tailor-made Fertilizer Technology (TFT)”, for rice, maize and sugarcane in the Northeastern region was developed between 1997-2007, using the concepts of precision agriculture together with an approach of building capacity of small farmers. TFT, also called Smart-farming, comprises four components, namely 1) soil series identification, 2) N-P-K testing by soil test kit, 3) fertilizer recommendations using decision-aids and a simplified version of a complex model and 4) farmer empowerment. The benefit of TFT at the rice field of the Huay Kamin chairman farmer group was one example, the technology has been disseminated to the 80 members with a total planting area of about 320 ha. The results revealed chemical fertilizer reduction of 69%, and rice yield increased some 10% - 20% with the improved fertilizer application method. The farmers were encouraged to establish “Soil Clinics” in their communities. In a Soil Clinic, designated and trained farmer leaders analyze soil samples for member farmers and provide TFT recommendations while providing access to fertilizer materials available for sale at competitive prices. At present, there are about 70 soil clinics in 20 provinces with the support of many government and private sectors.
