This study investigated the relationship between parental cognitive ability and child logical reasoning ability,and the role of academic expectation and family environment in that relationship.Based on the 2020 China ...This study investigated the relationship between parental cognitive ability and child logical reasoning ability,and the role of academic expectation and family environment in that relationship.Based on the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,1491 children(girls ratio=53.78%;average grade=6.023 years,school grade standard deviation=1.825 years).Results following multiple regression model(OLS)show that the higher the parental cognitive ability,the higher the children’s logical reasoning ability.Secondly,parental academic expectation serves as a mediator between their cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability for higher logical reasoning by children.Third,a possible family environment acts as a mediator in the relationship between parents’cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability to be higher.We conclude from thesefindings that parents with high cognitive abilities can enhance their children’s logical reasoning skills not only by setting higher academic expectations,but also by cultivating a supportive family environment.Thesefindings imply a need for intervention to improve family quality of life to enhance children’s thinking abilities to optimize their academic learning.展开更多
This study, in which 519 child-rearing families in Hong Kong participated, examined the reliability and validity of Chinese-language version of the Survey of Family Environment (SFE-C). The SFE-C is a self-administere...This study, in which 519 child-rearing families in Hong Kong participated, examined the reliability and validity of Chinese-language version of the Survey of Family Environment (SFE-C). The SFE-C is a self-administered questionnaire containing 30 items that examines family functioning and family support needs. It is designed to yield an instrument satisfaction score (SS score: family functioning score). Internal consistency was estimated at 0.92 (Cronbach’s alpha for SS scores). In a test-retest study of 33 families, the correlation coefficient for families’ mean SS score over a two-week period was 0.93, indicating high test-retest reliability. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis using the Concentric Sphere Family Environment Theory indicated that the SFE-C’s structure included seven factors, thereby supporting the SFE-C’s construct validity. The SFE-C demonstrates good reliability and validity and may be used to evaluate Chinese families’ functioning.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of the current study was to determine the family environment charac-teristics of accident-prone children,and the influencing factors to provide a reference for accident prevention and interventio...Objective:The purpose of the current study was to determine the family environment charac-teristics of accident-prone children,and the influencing factors to provide a reference for accident prevention and intervention for these children.Methods:One hundred forty-seven cases of accident-prone children were screened out from a cross-sectional survey as the case group,and another 147 cases of non-accidentally-injured chil-dren served as the control group.The Chinese version of the Family Environment Scale(FES-CV)was applied to evaluate the family environment characteristics of subjects from both groups.Results:The incidence of accident-prone children was 9.42%.Comparing the scores of all factors in the FES-CV,the contradiction score of the case group was higher than the control group,while the scores of other factors was lower than the control group.Differences between the two groups with respect to intimacy,emotional expression,contradiction,independence,and success scores were statistically significant,but differences in informative and entertaining scores were not.Differences with respect to family type,financial status,education,guardian,age of guardian,marital status,and health status were statistically significant.As revealed by regression analysis,intimacy(OR=0.530),emotional expression(OR=0.749),and independence(OR=0.732)were protective factors for accident proneness,while rigorous education(OR=2.101)and indulgence or indifference/violence(OR=7.629)were risk factors for accident proneness.Conclusion:Family environment influence child accident proneness,thus preventive interventions should be provided according to the characteristics of the family environment.展开更多
Background and Purpose: In recent years, individual spirituality has been attracting attention, but little research has been conducted as it relates to family spirituality that applies this concept to the family and r...Background and Purpose: In recent years, individual spirituality has been attracting attention, but little research has been conducted as it relates to family spirituality that applies this concept to the family and relates to the meaning of the family’s existence in terms of the entire family. The purpose of this study was to clarify the attributes of family spirituality and the influencing factors of its decline. Methods: Regarding family spirituality, 1) a literature search was conducted using PubMed and reviews of 20 English-language articles;and 2) semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 Japanese families having elderly members in the household. Data triangulation was performed for both, and a directed content analysis was conducted using Hohashi’s Concentric Sphere Family Environment Theory as the framework. Results: Attributes of family spirituality included 21 categories, such as “I think that my family exists for my children and grandchildren.” Factors influencing the decline in family spirituality included 20 categories in total, including 6 categories of risk/causal/promoting factors such as “lack of caring for family members”;11 categories of preventive/inhibitory/suppression factors such as “healthcare professionals not being close to the family”;and three categories of context-sensitive factors such as “death of a family member.” Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Family intervention requires nurses to understand the attributes of family spirituality and to control the influencing factors of a decline in family spirituality. Through such efforts, families will be able to discover the meaning of the existence of the family and maintain and improve their well-being.展开更多
Objective: to analyze and explore the relationship between family rearing environment and autistic characteristics of children, so as to improve the present situation of autistic characteristics of children. Methods: ...Objective: to analyze and explore the relationship between family rearing environment and autistic characteristics of children, so as to improve the present situation of autistic characteristics of children. Methods: From July 2019 to July 2020, 8 kindergartens were randomly selected from the kindergartens in our district. 1600 children were selected as the subjects of this experimental study, except for the children with mental diseases. All the children were investigated by using Chinese Creutzfeldt-Jakob Autism Screening Scale and Family Parenting Environment Scale. Record and analyze the final results. Results: a total of 1,500 questionnaires were collected in this study, with a recovery rate of 93.75%. 132 children were found to be autistic children, with a detection rate of 8.8%. There was a significant difference in patient data between male and female (P<0.05). In addition, the data of children with loneliness were significantly lower than those without loneliness, the difference was significant and had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: the analysis of the relationship between family rearing environment and autistic characteristics of children shows that male, history of separation, poor social adaptability (or self-care ability), frequent punishment (or neglect) and environmental atmosphere are all important influencing factors. Therefore, improvement must be made from these aspects.展开更多
Promoting women’s employment is not only the need of social and economic development,but also the historical mission of liberating women.This paper uses data from the 1%Population Sample Survey,taken in Guangdong Pro...Promoting women’s employment is not only the need of social and economic development,but also the historical mission of liberating women.This paper uses data from the 1%Population Sample Survey,taken in Guangdong Province in 2015,to explore how women’s marital status,education,and family environment affect the female non-agricultural employment rate(FNAER)on a county scale using a spatial-lag model.The results show that:1)The female non-agricultural employment rate in counties of Guangdong Province is low,with more than three-quarters of counties having female non-agricultural employment rate less than 50%.Moreover,the spatial distribution of FNAER is uneven,with the high-value areas concentrated in the southeast and the low-value areas mainly distributed in the central and western parts of Guangdong Province.2)From the perspective of industry,there are significant spatial differences among women.In the southeast,women are mainly engaged in the secondary industry,while in the central and western regions,women are mainly engaged in the tertiary industry.3)Women having better skills and more effective support from the elderly can improve the FNAER.Women having lower skills,smaller-scale families,a higher fertility rate,and households with two or more elderly members have a negative effect on the FNAER.4)Public policies suggest that improving women’s education and their family environment,building social welfare facilities,and repairing the family environment will increase the FNAER.展开更多
Introduction:With the widespread adoption of smartphones,Mobile Phone Dependence Syndrome(MPDS)has emerged as a significant public health concern.However,the relationship between family upbringing environment and MPDS...Introduction:With the widespread adoption of smartphones,Mobile Phone Dependence Syndrome(MPDS)has emerged as a significant public health concern.However,the relationship between family upbringing environment and MPDS among middle school students remains unclear.Methods:The study employed a multi-stage cluster random sampling method to conduct questionnaire and scale assessments among 1,928 students from eight middle schools in Guangzhou during April and May 2023.Propensity score matching was performed to control for confounding variables,including sex,grade,boarding status,and place of residence.used Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between parental educational attainment,parenting styles,care levels,family economic conditions,and middle school students’MPDS.Results:After adjusting for covariates,this study revealed that middle school students whose fathers had educational attainment levels of junior high school[odds ratio(OR)=0.39,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.17–0.90],senior high school,junior college,technical secondary school,or vocational university(OR=0.28,95%CI:0.12–0.67),or a bachelor’s degree and above(OR=0.34,95%CI:0.12–0.92)demonstrated significantly lower odds of MPDS compared to those whose fathers had only an elementary school education or below.Additionally,students whose fathers employed an authoritarian parenting style(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.22–3.21)showed significantly higher odds of MPDS compared to those whose fathers embraced a democratic parenting approach.Conclusion:Promoting democratic parenting styles among fathers and enhancing fathers’educational levels may be beneficial in reducing adolescents’MPDS risk.This study provides valuable insights for developing scientifically informed strategies aimed at promoting adolescents’physical and mental well-being.展开更多
In order to understand the educational quality in rural schools,I went deep into Huangjia Middle School(situatedin Northern China)to make the research.In this article,I focus on the restrictions on educational quality...In order to understand the educational quality in rural schools,I went deep into Huangjia Middle School(situatedin Northern China)to make the research.In this article,I focus on the restrictions on educational qualitys,which is one of themain themes about rural education.The factors influencing quality in rural schools are analyzed in this article.It is concludedthat educational quality depends on the relationship of teaching and learning and its supporting context.展开更多
The 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)presents infor-mation on both individual characteristics and family characteristics of China’s elderly population.It shows that only 1%of elderly men and 0...The 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)presents infor-mation on both individual characteristics and family characteristics of China’s elderly population.It shows that only 1%of elderly men and 0.1%of elderly women never married.Older elderly people had more children than younger elderly people on average.Younger elderly had more years of schooling on average than did the older elderly population.Elderly women were more likely than elderly men to rely on their children as the main source of their income.Eighty-four point six percent of elderly people lived with household members,13.5%lived alone and 1.9%lived in institutions.Younger elderly people preferred to live alone(or with spouse only)more than did older elderly people.Family members offered the elderly the most in the way of emotional support and comfort,while people other than friends or neigh-bors play a very limited role.展开更多
基金supported by scientific research fund of Jiangxi Provincial Social Sciences“14th Five-Year Plan”(No.23SH05).
文摘This study investigated the relationship between parental cognitive ability and child logical reasoning ability,and the role of academic expectation and family environment in that relationship.Based on the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,1491 children(girls ratio=53.78%;average grade=6.023 years,school grade standard deviation=1.825 years).Results following multiple regression model(OLS)show that the higher the parental cognitive ability,the higher the children’s logical reasoning ability.Secondly,parental academic expectation serves as a mediator between their cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability for higher logical reasoning by children.Third,a possible family environment acts as a mediator in the relationship between parents’cognitive ability and children’s logical reasoning ability to be higher.We conclude from thesefindings that parents with high cognitive abilities can enhance their children’s logical reasoning skills not only by setting higher academic expectations,but also by cultivating a supportive family environment.Thesefindings imply a need for intervention to improve family quality of life to enhance children’s thinking abilities to optimize their academic learning.
文摘This study, in which 519 child-rearing families in Hong Kong participated, examined the reliability and validity of Chinese-language version of the Survey of Family Environment (SFE-C). The SFE-C is a self-administered questionnaire containing 30 items that examines family functioning and family support needs. It is designed to yield an instrument satisfaction score (SS score: family functioning score). Internal consistency was estimated at 0.92 (Cronbach’s alpha for SS scores). In a test-retest study of 33 families, the correlation coefficient for families’ mean SS score over a two-week period was 0.93, indicating high test-retest reliability. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis using the Concentric Sphere Family Environment Theory indicated that the SFE-C’s structure included seven factors, thereby supporting the SFE-C’s construct validity. The SFE-C demonstrates good reliability and validity and may be used to evaluate Chinese families’ functioning.
文摘Objective:The purpose of the current study was to determine the family environment charac-teristics of accident-prone children,and the influencing factors to provide a reference for accident prevention and intervention for these children.Methods:One hundred forty-seven cases of accident-prone children were screened out from a cross-sectional survey as the case group,and another 147 cases of non-accidentally-injured chil-dren served as the control group.The Chinese version of the Family Environment Scale(FES-CV)was applied to evaluate the family environment characteristics of subjects from both groups.Results:The incidence of accident-prone children was 9.42%.Comparing the scores of all factors in the FES-CV,the contradiction score of the case group was higher than the control group,while the scores of other factors was lower than the control group.Differences between the two groups with respect to intimacy,emotional expression,contradiction,independence,and success scores were statistically significant,but differences in informative and entertaining scores were not.Differences with respect to family type,financial status,education,guardian,age of guardian,marital status,and health status were statistically significant.As revealed by regression analysis,intimacy(OR=0.530),emotional expression(OR=0.749),and independence(OR=0.732)were protective factors for accident proneness,while rigorous education(OR=2.101)and indulgence or indifference/violence(OR=7.629)were risk factors for accident proneness.Conclusion:Family environment influence child accident proneness,thus preventive interventions should be provided according to the characteristics of the family environment.
文摘Background and Purpose: In recent years, individual spirituality has been attracting attention, but little research has been conducted as it relates to family spirituality that applies this concept to the family and relates to the meaning of the family’s existence in terms of the entire family. The purpose of this study was to clarify the attributes of family spirituality and the influencing factors of its decline. Methods: Regarding family spirituality, 1) a literature search was conducted using PubMed and reviews of 20 English-language articles;and 2) semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 Japanese families having elderly members in the household. Data triangulation was performed for both, and a directed content analysis was conducted using Hohashi’s Concentric Sphere Family Environment Theory as the framework. Results: Attributes of family spirituality included 21 categories, such as “I think that my family exists for my children and grandchildren.” Factors influencing the decline in family spirituality included 20 categories in total, including 6 categories of risk/causal/promoting factors such as “lack of caring for family members”;11 categories of preventive/inhibitory/suppression factors such as “healthcare professionals not being close to the family”;and three categories of context-sensitive factors such as “death of a family member.” Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Family intervention requires nurses to understand the attributes of family spirituality and to control the influencing factors of a decline in family spirituality. Through such efforts, families will be able to discover the meaning of the existence of the family and maintain and improve their well-being.
文摘Objective: to analyze and explore the relationship between family rearing environment and autistic characteristics of children, so as to improve the present situation of autistic characteristics of children. Methods: From July 2019 to July 2020, 8 kindergartens were randomly selected from the kindergartens in our district. 1600 children were selected as the subjects of this experimental study, except for the children with mental diseases. All the children were investigated by using Chinese Creutzfeldt-Jakob Autism Screening Scale and Family Parenting Environment Scale. Record and analyze the final results. Results: a total of 1,500 questionnaires were collected in this study, with a recovery rate of 93.75%. 132 children were found to be autistic children, with a detection rate of 8.8%. There was a significant difference in patient data between male and female (P<0.05). In addition, the data of children with loneliness were significantly lower than those without loneliness, the difference was significant and had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: the analysis of the relationship between family rearing environment and autistic characteristics of children shows that male, history of separation, poor social adaptability (or self-care ability), frequent punishment (or neglect) and environmental atmosphere are all important influencing factors. Therefore, improvement must be made from these aspects.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41471111)。
文摘Promoting women’s employment is not only the need of social and economic development,but also the historical mission of liberating women.This paper uses data from the 1%Population Sample Survey,taken in Guangdong Province in 2015,to explore how women’s marital status,education,and family environment affect the female non-agricultural employment rate(FNAER)on a county scale using a spatial-lag model.The results show that:1)The female non-agricultural employment rate in counties of Guangdong Province is low,with more than three-quarters of counties having female non-agricultural employment rate less than 50%.Moreover,the spatial distribution of FNAER is uneven,with the high-value areas concentrated in the southeast and the low-value areas mainly distributed in the central and western parts of Guangdong Province.2)From the perspective of industry,there are significant spatial differences among women.In the southeast,women are mainly engaged in the secondary industry,while in the central and western regions,women are mainly engaged in the tertiary industry.3)Women having better skills and more effective support from the elderly can improve the FNAER.Women having lower skills,smaller-scale families,a higher fertility rate,and households with two or more elderly members have a negative effect on the FNAER.4)Public policies suggest that improving women’s education and their family environment,building social welfare facilities,and repairing the family environment will increase the FNAER.
基金Supported by the Medical Science and Technology Research Foundation of Guangdong(Grant No.B2022109).
文摘Introduction:With the widespread adoption of smartphones,Mobile Phone Dependence Syndrome(MPDS)has emerged as a significant public health concern.However,the relationship between family upbringing environment and MPDS among middle school students remains unclear.Methods:The study employed a multi-stage cluster random sampling method to conduct questionnaire and scale assessments among 1,928 students from eight middle schools in Guangzhou during April and May 2023.Propensity score matching was performed to control for confounding variables,including sex,grade,boarding status,and place of residence.used Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between parental educational attainment,parenting styles,care levels,family economic conditions,and middle school students’MPDS.Results:After adjusting for covariates,this study revealed that middle school students whose fathers had educational attainment levels of junior high school[odds ratio(OR)=0.39,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.17–0.90],senior high school,junior college,technical secondary school,or vocational university(OR=0.28,95%CI:0.12–0.67),or a bachelor’s degree and above(OR=0.34,95%CI:0.12–0.92)demonstrated significantly lower odds of MPDS compared to those whose fathers had only an elementary school education or below.Additionally,students whose fathers employed an authoritarian parenting style(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.22–3.21)showed significantly higher odds of MPDS compared to those whose fathers embraced a democratic parenting approach.Conclusion:Promoting democratic parenting styles among fathers and enhancing fathers’educational levels may be beneficial in reducing adolescents’MPDS risk.This study provides valuable insights for developing scientifically informed strategies aimed at promoting adolescents’physical and mental well-being.
文摘In order to understand the educational quality in rural schools,I went deep into Huangjia Middle School(situatedin Northern China)to make the research.In this article,I focus on the restrictions on educational qualitys,which is one of themain themes about rural education.The factors influencing quality in rural schools are analyzed in this article.It is concludedthat educational quality depends on the relationship of teaching and learning and its supporting context.
基金The data analyzed in this paper are from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study(CLHLS)which was jointly supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(71490732)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC2000400)the U.S.National Institute of Aging of the National Institute of Health(P01AG031719).
文摘The 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)presents infor-mation on both individual characteristics and family characteristics of China’s elderly population.It shows that only 1%of elderly men and 0.1%of elderly women never married.Older elderly people had more children than younger elderly people on average.Younger elderly had more years of schooling on average than did the older elderly population.Elderly women were more likely than elderly men to rely on their children as the main source of their income.Eighty-four point six percent of elderly people lived with household members,13.5%lived alone and 1.9%lived in institutions.Younger elderly people preferred to live alone(or with spouse only)more than did older elderly people.Family members offered the elderly the most in the way of emotional support and comfort,while people other than friends or neigh-bors play a very limited role.
