Purpose:To evaluate the effects of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)on the prevention of deep venous thrombosis(DVT)in elderly patients undergoing femoral fracture surgery.Methods:Eighty elderly patien...Purpose:To evaluate the effects of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)on the prevention of deep venous thrombosis(DVT)in elderly patients undergoing femoral fracture surgery.Methods:Eighty elderly patients undergoing femoral fracture surgery who did not apply FMEA in Suzhou BenQ Medical Center from June 1,2022 to May 31,2023 were selected as the control group.According to the equal group experiment method,80 elderly patients who were managed using FMEA from June 1,2023 to May 31,2024 were selected as the FMEA group.The control group received traditional nursing management,while the FMEA group applied FMEA to analyze failure causes,calculate Risk Priority Numbers(RPNs),identify failure modes with higher RPNs,analyze the influencing factors,develop improvement measures,and optimize processes.The RPN values and the incidence of DVT,as well as nursing satisfaction scores,were compared in the two groups.Results:Compared with the control group,the total RPN values of the FEMA group decreased significantly,with a reduction rate of 87.0%.Besides,the incidence of DVT was 1.3%in the FMEA group,lower than 10.0%in the control group(8/80).What’s more,the patients in the FMEA group were more satisfied with the nursing service compared with the patients in the control group.Conclusion:The application of the FMEA in elderly patients undergoing femoral fracture surgery has demonstrated its potential to prevent the incidence of DVT,lower RPN values,and improve nursing satisfaction.展开更多
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs)are pivotal for deep-sea exploration and resource exploitation,yet their reliability in extreme underwater environments remains a critical barrier to widespread deployment.Through s...Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs)are pivotal for deep-sea exploration and resource exploitation,yet their reliability in extreme underwater environments remains a critical barrier to widespread deployment.Through systematic analysis of 150 peer-reviewed studies employing mixed-methods research,this review yields three principal advancements to the reliability analysis of AUVs.First,based on the hierarchical functional division of AUVs into six subsystems(propulsion system,navigation system,communication system,power system,environmental detection system,and emergency system),this study systematically identifies the primary failure modes and potential failure causes of each subsystem,providing theoretical support for fault diagnosis and reliability optimization.Subsequently,a comprehensive review of AUV reliability analysis methods is conducted from three perspectives:analytical methods,simulated methods,and surrogate model methods.The applicability and limitations of each method are critically analyzed to offer insights into their suitability for engineering applications.Finally,the study highlights key challenges and research hotpots in AUV reliability analysis,including reliability analysis under limited data,AI-driven reliability analysis,and human reliability analysis.Furthermore,the potential of multi-sensor data fusion,edge computing,and advanced materials in enhancing AUV environmental adaptability and reliability is explored.展开更多
BACKGROUND Craniocerebral injuries encompass brain injuries,skull fractures,cranial soft tissue injuries,and similar injuries.Recently,the incidence of craniocerebral injuries has increased dramatically due to the inc...BACKGROUND Craniocerebral injuries encompass brain injuries,skull fractures,cranial soft tissue injuries,and similar injuries.Recently,the incidence of craniocerebral injuries has increased dramatically due to the increased numbers of traffic accidents and aerial work injuries,threatening the physical and mental health of patients.AIM To investigate the impact of failure modes and effects analysis(FMEA)-based emergency management on craniocerebral injury treatment effectiveness.METHODS Eighty-four patients with craniocerebral injuries,treated at our hospital from November 2019 to March 2021,were selected and assigned,using the random number table method,to study(n=42)and control(n=42)groups.Patients in the control group received conventional management while those in the study group received FMEA theory-based emergency management,based on the control group.Pre-and post-interventions,details regarding the emergency situation;levels of inflammatory stress indicators[Interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT)];incidence of complications;prognoses;and satisfaction regarding patient care were evaluated for both groups.RESULTS For the study group,the assessed parameters[pre-hospital emergency response time(9.13±2.37 min),time to receive a consultation(2.39±0.44 min),time needed to report imaging findings(1.15±4.44 min),and test reporting time(32.19±6.23 min)]were shorter than those for the control group(12.78±4.06 min,3.58±0.71 min,33.49±5.51 min,50.41±11.45 min,respectively;P<0.05).Pre-intervention serum levels of IL-6(78.71±27.59 pg/mL),CRP(19.80±6.77 mg/L),and PCT(3.66±1.82 ng/mL)in the study group patients were not significantly different from those in the control group patients(81.31±32.11 pg/mL,21.29±8.02 mg/L,and 3.95±2.11 ng/mL respectively;P>0.05);post-intervention serum indicator levels were lower in both groups than pre-intervention levels.Further,serum levels of IL-6(17.35±5.33 pg/mL),CRP(2.27±0.56 mg/L),and PCT(0.22±0.07 ng/mL)were lower in the study group than in the control group(30.15±12.38 pg/mL,3.13±0.77 mg/L,0.38±0.12 ng/mL,respectively;P<0.05).The complication rate observed in the study group(9.52%)was lower than that in the control group(26.19%,P<0.05).The prognoses for the study group patients were better than those for the control patients(P<0.05).Patient care satisfaction was higher in the study group(95.24%)than in the control group(78.57%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION FMEA-based craniocerebral injury management effectively shortens the time spent on emergency care,reduces inflammatory stress and complication risk levels,and helps improve patient prognoses,while achieving high patient care satisfaction levels.展开更多
Reliability allocation of computerized numerical controlled(CNC)lathes is very important in industry.Traditional allocation methods only focus on high-failure rate components rather than moderate failure rate componen...Reliability allocation of computerized numerical controlled(CNC)lathes is very important in industry.Traditional allocation methods only focus on high-failure rate components rather than moderate failure rate components,which is not applicable in some conditions.Aiming at solving the problem of CNC lathes reliability allocating,a comprehensive reliability allocation method based on cubic transformed functions of failure modes and effects analysis(FMEA)is presented.Firstly,conventional reliability allocation methods are introduced.Then the limitations of direct combination of comprehensive allocation method with the exponential transformed FMEA method are investigated.Subsequently,a cubic transformed function is established in order to overcome these limitations.Properties of the new transformed functions are discussed by considering the failure severity and the failure occurrence.Designers can choose appropriate transform amplitudes according to their requirements.Finally,a CNC lathe and a spindle system are used as an example to verify the new allocation method.Seven criteria are considered to compare the results of the new method with traditional methods.The allocation results indicate that the new method is more flexible than traditional methods.By employing the new cubic transformed function,the method covers a wider range of problems in CNC reliability allocation without losing the advantages of traditional methods.展开更多
Reservoir-induced landslides in China's Three Gorges Reservoir area are prone to tensile cracks due to the influenceof their own weight and fluctuationsin water levels.The presence of cracks indicates that the ten...Reservoir-induced landslides in China's Three Gorges Reservoir area are prone to tensile cracks due to the influenceof their own weight and fluctuationsin water levels.The presence of cracks indicates that the tensile stress in the area has exceeded the tensile strength of the soil,leading to local instability.To explore the impact of tensile failure behavior on the stability and failure modes of reservoir landslides,the Huangtupo Riverside Slump#1 is taken as a case study.By considering local tensile failure,potential tensile cracks are incorporated into the analysis via the limit equilibrium method and reliability theory.The reliability of landslides under different tensile failure scenarios is quantified.Strain-softening characteristics of the soil are combined to further analyze the failure transmission path of the landslide.Finally,these potential failure modes were validated through physical model tests.The results show that cracks developing at rear positions reduce the stability of the slope and increase the probability of instability.During the destruction process,retrogressive failures with multiple sliding surfaces are likely to occur.However,tensile failure at the forefront reduces the likelihood of an individual slide mass descending.Progressive failure results in both regular and skip transmission patterns.Additionally,cracks and water level changes can also lead to shifts in the positions of the most dangerous blocks.Therefore,in practical landslide analysis and prevention,it is necessary to consider local tensile damage and identify potential tensile crack locations in advance to optimize prevention measures and accurately evaluate landslide risk.展开更多
The recognition and management of risk in donation process and blood product is critical to ensure donor and patient safety. To achieve this goal, the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a convenient method;mo...The recognition and management of risk in donation process and blood product is critical to ensure donor and patient safety. To achieve this goal, the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a convenient method;moreover it was used to prevent the occurrence of adverse events and look at what could go strong at each step. This study aimed to utilize FMEA in central blood bank in Khartoum to evaluate the potential risk and adverse event that may occur during the donation process. According to the severity, occurrence and the detection of each failure mode, the risk priority number (RPN) was calculated to determine which of the failures should take priority to find a solution and applying corrective action to reduce the failure risk. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 11 was used as descriptive and analytical statistics tool. The FMEA technique provides a systematic method for finding vulnerabilities in a process before they result in an error, and in this study a satisfactory outcome was reached.展开更多
It is not objective to rate the decision-making factors in the traditional failure mode and effect analysis,so fuzzy semantic theory is used in this paper.Six fuzzy semantic scales and their corresponding semantics ar...It is not objective to rate the decision-making factors in the traditional failure mode and effect analysis,so fuzzy semantic theory is used in this paper.Six fuzzy semantic scales and their corresponding semantics are summarized,and a defuzzification method is studied to obtain the fuzzy value table of the six fuzzy semantic scales.For the conflicts between experts in the traditional failure mode and effects analysis,a conflict-resolution algorithm is studied to obtain the failure risk order.Finally,a certain type of industrial valve is used as an example to prove the validity of the theory proposed in this paper.展开更多
In view of the low level testability of armored equipment,the important significance of armored equipment testability growth is discussed in this paper.The failure mode effects and criticality analysis( FMECA) method ...In view of the low level testability of armored equipment,the important significance of armored equipment testability growth is discussed in this paper.The failure mode effects and criticality analysis( FMECA) method to realize testability growth is introduced.Centering on the testability growth demands of new armored equipment,the deficiencies of traditional FMECA are analyzed.And an enhanced FMECA( EFMECA) method is proposed.The method increases the analysis contents,combines the information before the failure occurrence and impending failure modes together organically.Then the failure symptoms is analyzed,the failure modes and effects is determined,and the state development trend is predicted.Finally,the application of EFMECA method is illustrated by the example of the failure mode of typical armored equipment engine.展开更多
BACKGROUND Utilizing failure mode and effects analysis(FMEA)in operating room nursing provides valuable insights for the care of patients undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery.AIM To evaluate the impact of FMEA on...BACKGROUND Utilizing failure mode and effects analysis(FMEA)in operating room nursing provides valuable insights for the care of patients undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery.AIM To evaluate the impact of FMEA on the risk of adverse events and nursing-care quality in patients undergoing radical surgery.METHODS Among 230 patients receiving radical cancer surgery between May 2019 and May 2024,115 were assigned to a control group that received standard intraoperative thermoregulation,while the observation group benefited from FMEA-modeled operating room care.Clinical indicators,stress responses,postoperative gastroin-testinal function recovery,nursing quality,and the incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Significant differences were observed in bed and hospital stay durations between the groups(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss or postoperative body temperature(P>0.05).Stress scores improved in both groups post-nursing(P<0.05),with the observation group showing lower stress scores than the control group(P<0.05).Gastrointestinal function recovery and nursing quality scores also differed significantly(P<0.05).Additionally,the incidence of adverse events such as stress injuries and surgical infections varied notably between the groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Incorporating FMEA into operating room nursing significantly enhances patient care by improving safety,expediting recovery,and reducing healthcare-associated risks.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effect of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis(HFMEA)on reducing error risk of neonatal parenteral nutrition solution dispensing.[Methods]A research team was established to identi...[Objectives]To investigate the effect of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis(HFMEA)on reducing error risk of neonatal parenteral nutrition solution dispensing.[Methods]A research team was established to identify the failure mode(FM)in each link of the formulation process of neonatal parenteral nutrition solution by HFMEA,quantify the severity(S),occurrence(O)and detection(D)of FM,and evaluate FM by risk priority number(RPN).For FM with the values of RPN>16,failure cause analysis was conducted,and corresponding improvement measures were formulated.The weight coefficient and random consistency ratio(CR)of deployment process were calculated in Matlab R2018a by compiling the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)program.Six months after the implementation of improvement measures,the implementation effect was evaluated by comparing the changes of the values of RPN which was evaluated comprehensively and the rate of dispensing errors before and after the implementation of HFMEA.[Results]In the preparation process of neonatal parenteral nutrition solution,a total of 13 FMs with medium and above risk were found,the weight coefficient of medical order review,dosing and mixing was 0.2703,the weight coefficient of drug dispensing check and review was 0.1432,the weight coefficient of print label was 0.1015,the weight coefficient of distribution was 0.0716,and CR=0.0491<0.1.After six months of intervention,the total RPN value decreased by 64.81%from 127.8 to 45.0.The deployment error rates were significantly lower after the implementation,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]HFMEA can effectively reduce the error risk in preparation of neonatal parenteral nutrition solution,improve the quality of dispensing and promote the safety of neonatal medication.展开更多
Failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)is a preven-tative risk evaluation method used to evaluate and eliminate fail-ure modes within a system.However,the traditional FMEA method exhibits many deficiencies that pose ch...Failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)is a preven-tative risk evaluation method used to evaluate and eliminate fail-ure modes within a system.However,the traditional FMEA method exhibits many deficiencies that pose challenges in prac-tical applications.To improve the conventional FMEA,many modified FMEA models have been suggested.However,the majority of them inadequately address consensus issues and focus on achieving a complete ranking of failure modes.In this research,we propose a new FMEA approach that integrates a two-stage consensus reaching model and a density peak clus-tering algorithm for the assessment and clustering of failure modes.Firstly,we employ the interval 2-tuple linguistic vari-ables(I2TLVs)to express the uncertain risk evaluations provided by FMEA experts.Then,a two-stage consensus reaching model is adopted to enable FMEA experts to reach a consensus.Next,failure modes are categorized into several risk clusters using a density peak clustering algorithm.Finally,the proposed FMEA is illustrated by a case study of load-bearing guidance devices of subway systems.The results show that the proposed FMEA model can more easily to describe the uncertain risk information of failure modes by using the I2TLVs;the introduction of an endogenous feedback mechanism and an exogenous feedback mechanism can accelerate the process of consensus reaching;and the density peak clustering of failure modes successfully improves the practical applicability of FMEA.展开更多
Failure mode and effects analysis （FMEA） offers a quick and easy way for identifying ranking-order for all failure modes in a system or a product. In FMEA the ranking methods is so called risk priority number （RPN...Failure mode and effects analysis （FMEA） offers a quick and easy way for identifying ranking-order for all failure modes in a system or a product. In FMEA the ranking methods is so called risk priority number （RPN）, which is a mathematical product of severity （S）, occurrence （0）, and detection （D）. One of major disadvantages of this ranking-order is that the failure mode with different combination of SODs may generate same RPN resulting in difficult decision-making. Another shortfall of FMEA is lacking of discerning contribution factors, which lead to insufficient information about scaling of improving effort. Through data envelopment analysis （DEA） technique and its extension, the proposed approach evolves the current rankings for failure modes by exclusively investigating SOD in lieu of RPN and to furnish with improving sca.les for SOD. The purpose of present study is to propose a state-of-the-art new approach to enhance assessment capabilities of failure mode and effects analysis （FMEA）. The paper proposes a state-of-the-art new approach, robust, structured and useful in practice, for failure analysis.展开更多
Objective: the experiment will apply failure mode and effect analysis combined with PDCA cycle management to hepatobiliary surgery patients to jointly improve the nursing results of patients. Methods: the experiment s...Objective: the experiment will apply failure mode and effect analysis combined with PDCA cycle management to hepatobiliary surgery patients to jointly improve the nursing results of patients. Methods: the experiment selected the patients of hepatobiliary surgery as the object of this investigation. In terms of time period, we retrieved 120 patients who received corresponding treatment in our hospital from June 2019 to December 2020. They were divided into two groups by random number method. Patients in the control group were given routine nursing measures, while patients in the observation group were given failure mode and effect analysis combined with PDCA cycle management to compare the nursing results. Results: from the point of view of nursing quality, the incidence of nursing errors in the observation group was 1.7% and that in the control group was 6.7%, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the same time, the satisfaction degree of the patients in the observation group was 98.3%, which was better than that of the control group (90.0%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Finally, the incidence of complications was 8.3% (5/60) in the observation group and 18.3% (11/60) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the application of failure mode and effect analysis combined with PDCA circulation management mode has good effect on rehabilitation nursing of patients with hepatobiliary surgery diseases, can improve the overall quality of nursing work, and has promotional value.展开更多
To ensure the safe implementation of underground reservoirs in abandoned coal mines,this study explores the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of coal-concrete composite structures under staged cyclic loading....To ensure the safe implementation of underground reservoirs in abandoned coal mines,this study explores the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of coal-concrete composite structures under staged cyclic loading.Specimens with coal-to-concrete height ratios ranging from 0.5:1 to 3:1 were tested,with damage evolution continuously monitored using acoustic emission techniques.Results indicate that while the peak strength of pure materials decreases by approximately 1 MPa under cyclic stress compared to uniaxial compression,composite specimens exhibit strength enhancements exceeding 5 MPa.However,the peak strength of composite specimens decreases with increasing coal height,from 30 MPa at CR0.5 to 20 MPa at CR3.0.The damage state was assessed using the dynamic elastic strain energy index and Felicity ratio,which revealed that composite specimens are more prone to early damage accumulation.Spatial acoustic emission localization further reveals distinct failure modes across specimens with varying height ratios.To elucidate these differences,interfacial effects were incorporated into a modified twin-shear unified strength theory.The refined model accurately predicts the internal strength distribution and failure characteristics of the composite structures.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the structural design and safe operation of underground reservoir dams.展开更多
Multi-layer slopes are widely found in clay residue receiving fields.A generalized horizontal slice method(GHSM)for assessing the stability of multi-layer slopes that considers the energy dissipation between adjacent ...Multi-layer slopes are widely found in clay residue receiving fields.A generalized horizontal slice method(GHSM)for assessing the stability of multi-layer slopes that considers the energy dissipation between adjacent horizontal slices is presented.In view of the upper-bound limit analysis theory,the energy equation is derived and the ultimate failure mode is generated by comparing the sliding surface passing through the slope toe(mode A)with that below(mode B).In addition,the influence of the number of slices on the stability coefficients in the GHSM is studied and the stable value is obtained.Compared to the original method(Chen’s method),the GHSM can acquire more precise results,which takes into account the energy dissipation in the inner sliding soil mass.Moreover,the GHSM,limit equilibrium method(LEM)and numerical simulation method(NSM)are applied to analyze the stability of a multi-layer slope with different slope angles and the results of the safety factor and failure mode are very close in each case.The ultimate failure modes are shown to be mode B when the slope angle is not more than 28°.It illustrates that the determination of the ultimate sliding surface requires comparison of multiple failure modes,not only mode A.展开更多
The failure modes of rock and soil under compression are complex phenomena that have not been explained in a mechanical perspective. However, large amounts of studies indicate that the failure modes of rock and soil s...The failure modes of rock and soil under compression are complex phenomena that have not been explained in a mechanical perspective. However, large amounts of studies indicate that the failure modes of rock and soil samples can be categorized into eight types. In this work, the inner tensile stress and the dissipation and conversion of energy of rock and soil under compression are analyzed, then the effective conversion coefficient of energy is deduced, thus the tensile failure criterion of rock and soil under compression is established. Combined with the shear strength criterion of Mohr–Coulomb, a tensile joint shear strength criterion for rock and soil under compression is built. Therefore, a mechanical criterion model concerning the failure modes of rock and soil under compression is established and verified by tests. This model easily explains the test results in the existing literature and many natural phenomena, such as collapse.展开更多
Single event upsets(SEUs) induced by heavy ions were observed in 65 nm SRAMs to quantitatively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of single-bit error correcting code(ECC) utilizing Hamming Code.The results s...Single event upsets(SEUs) induced by heavy ions were observed in 65 nm SRAMs to quantitatively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of single-bit error correcting code(ECC) utilizing Hamming Code.The results show that the ECC did improve the performance dramatically,with the SEU cross sections of SRAMs with ECC being at the order of 10^(-11) cm^2/bit,two orders of magnitude higher than that without ECC(at the order of 10^(-9) cm^2/bit).Also,ineffectiveness of ECC module,including 1-,2- and 3-bits errors in single word(not Multiple Bit Upsets),was detected.The ECC modules in SRAMs utilizing(12,8) Hamming code would lose work when 2-bits upset accumulates in one codeword.Finally,the probabilities of failure modes involving 1-,2- and 3-bits errors,were calcaulated at 39.39%,37.88%and 22.73%,respectively,which agree well with the experimental results.展开更多
Purpose–This study aims to investigate the fatigue behavior and failure modes of bolted lap joints using Modified Tensile Specimens(MTS)under various cyclic load conditions.Emphasis is placed on identifying the relat...Purpose–This study aims to investigate the fatigue behavior and failure modes of bolted lap joints using Modified Tensile Specimens(MTS)under various cyclic load conditions.Emphasis is placed on identifying the relationship between load amplitude,fatigue life,and damage progression in low-carbon steel assemblies.Design/methodology/approach–An experimental approach was adopted using MTS specimens fabricated from St 1203 cold-rolled steel,joined with Grade 8.8 M4 bolts.Cyclic fatigue tests were conducted under zerobased loading at seven distinct force levels.Fracture surfaces were visually analyzed to identify dominant failure mechanisms.Findings–The results revealed a strong inverse correlation between applied cyclic load and fatigue life.Three distinct failure modes were identified:bolt shear at high loads(5.4 kN),interface cracking and slippage at moderate loads(4.9–5.1 kN),and plate tearing or stable fatigue behavior at lower loads(54.1 kN).The results highlight a progressive transition in failure mechanisms,from bolt shear at high loads to plate tearing and interface cracking at lower loads,providing essential insights for fatigue-resistant bolted joint design.Originality/value–This study offers original insights into the fatigue behavior of bolted lap joints using MTS,a relatively underexplored configuration in fatigue assessment.By experimentally evaluating failure modes under varied cyclic load levels,the authors uncover critical transitions in damage mechanisms—from bolt shear to interface cracking and plate tearing—depending on the applied load.Unlike many existing studies focused on numerical modeling or bonded joints alone,this work provides empirical data rooted in real-world fastening conditions using cold-rolled low-carbon steel.展开更多
In order to reduce the errors of the reliability of the retaining wall structure in the establishment of function, in the estimation of parameter and algorithm, firstly, two new reliability and stability models of ant...In order to reduce the errors of the reliability of the retaining wall structure in the establishment of function, in the estimation of parameter and algorithm, firstly, two new reliability and stability models of anti-slipping and anti-overturning based on the upper-bound theory of limit analysis were established, and two kinds of failure modes were regarded as a series of systems with multiple correlated failure modes. Then, statistical characteristics of parameters of the retaining wall structure were inferred by maximal entropy principle. At last, the structural reliabilities of single failure mode and multiple failure modes were calculated by Monte Carlo method in MATLAB and the results were compared and analyzed on the sensitivity. It indicates that this method, with a high precision, is not only easy to program and quick in calculation, but also without the limit of nonlinear functions and non-normal random variables. And the results calculated by this method which applies both the limit analysis theory, maximal entropy principle and Monte Carlo method into analyzing the reliability of the retaining wall structures is more scientific, accurate and reliable, in comparison with those calculated by traditional method.展开更多
A stratified rock mass model was founded by FLAC^3D. The failure mode and anisotropic characteristic of strength for stratified rock mass were analyzed. The analysis results show that the numerical simulation can visu...A stratified rock mass model was founded by FLAC^3D. The failure mode and anisotropic characteristic of strength for stratified rock mass were analyzed. The analysis results show that the numerical simulation can visually reflect the failure modes of rock samples under different inclination angles β of structural plane. The stiffness of rock sample before peak strength changes in the compressive procedure. With the increase of β, the compressive strength σc of rock sample decreases firstly and then increases; when β is in the range of 20°-30° and 80°-90°, σc has the largest sensitivity to r; while β falls in the range of 30°-70°, σc varies little. When φj〈β〈90° （ φj is friction angle of structure plane）, the results obtained from numerical simulation and theoretical analysis are in almost the same values; while β〈 φj or β=90°, they are in great different values. The results obtained from theoretical analysis are obvious larger than those from numerical simulation; and the results from numerical simulation can reflect the difference of compressive strength of rock samples for the two situations of β≥φj and β=90°, which is in more accordance with the real situation.展开更多
文摘Purpose:To evaluate the effects of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)on the prevention of deep venous thrombosis(DVT)in elderly patients undergoing femoral fracture surgery.Methods:Eighty elderly patients undergoing femoral fracture surgery who did not apply FMEA in Suzhou BenQ Medical Center from June 1,2022 to May 31,2023 were selected as the control group.According to the equal group experiment method,80 elderly patients who were managed using FMEA from June 1,2023 to May 31,2024 were selected as the FMEA group.The control group received traditional nursing management,while the FMEA group applied FMEA to analyze failure causes,calculate Risk Priority Numbers(RPNs),identify failure modes with higher RPNs,analyze the influencing factors,develop improvement measures,and optimize processes.The RPN values and the incidence of DVT,as well as nursing satisfaction scores,were compared in the two groups.Results:Compared with the control group,the total RPN values of the FEMA group decreased significantly,with a reduction rate of 87.0%.Besides,the incidence of DVT was 1.3%in the FMEA group,lower than 10.0%in the control group(8/80).What’s more,the patients in the FMEA group were more satisfied with the nursing service compared with the patients in the control group.Conclusion:The application of the FMEA in elderly patients undergoing femoral fracture surgery has demonstrated its potential to prevent the incidence of DVT,lower RPN values,and improve nursing satisfaction.
基金The National Key R&D Program Projects(Grant No.2022YFC2803601)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021YQ29)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.YQ2024E036)the Taishan Scholars Project(Grant No.tsqn202312317).
文摘Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs)are pivotal for deep-sea exploration and resource exploitation,yet their reliability in extreme underwater environments remains a critical barrier to widespread deployment.Through systematic analysis of 150 peer-reviewed studies employing mixed-methods research,this review yields three principal advancements to the reliability analysis of AUVs.First,based on the hierarchical functional division of AUVs into six subsystems(propulsion system,navigation system,communication system,power system,environmental detection system,and emergency system),this study systematically identifies the primary failure modes and potential failure causes of each subsystem,providing theoretical support for fault diagnosis and reliability optimization.Subsequently,a comprehensive review of AUV reliability analysis methods is conducted from three perspectives:analytical methods,simulated methods,and surrogate model methods.The applicability and limitations of each method are critically analyzed to offer insights into their suitability for engineering applications.Finally,the study highlights key challenges and research hotpots in AUV reliability analysis,including reliability analysis under limited data,AI-driven reliability analysis,and human reliability analysis.Furthermore,the potential of multi-sensor data fusion,edge computing,and advanced materials in enhancing AUV environmental adaptability and reliability is explored.
基金Supported by Basic Research on Medical and Health Application of the People's Livelihood Science and Technology Project of Suzhou Science and Technology Bureau,No.SYS2020102.
文摘BACKGROUND Craniocerebral injuries encompass brain injuries,skull fractures,cranial soft tissue injuries,and similar injuries.Recently,the incidence of craniocerebral injuries has increased dramatically due to the increased numbers of traffic accidents and aerial work injuries,threatening the physical and mental health of patients.AIM To investigate the impact of failure modes and effects analysis(FMEA)-based emergency management on craniocerebral injury treatment effectiveness.METHODS Eighty-four patients with craniocerebral injuries,treated at our hospital from November 2019 to March 2021,were selected and assigned,using the random number table method,to study(n=42)and control(n=42)groups.Patients in the control group received conventional management while those in the study group received FMEA theory-based emergency management,based on the control group.Pre-and post-interventions,details regarding the emergency situation;levels of inflammatory stress indicators[Interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT)];incidence of complications;prognoses;and satisfaction regarding patient care were evaluated for both groups.RESULTS For the study group,the assessed parameters[pre-hospital emergency response time(9.13±2.37 min),time to receive a consultation(2.39±0.44 min),time needed to report imaging findings(1.15±4.44 min),and test reporting time(32.19±6.23 min)]were shorter than those for the control group(12.78±4.06 min,3.58±0.71 min,33.49±5.51 min,50.41±11.45 min,respectively;P<0.05).Pre-intervention serum levels of IL-6(78.71±27.59 pg/mL),CRP(19.80±6.77 mg/L),and PCT(3.66±1.82 ng/mL)in the study group patients were not significantly different from those in the control group patients(81.31±32.11 pg/mL,21.29±8.02 mg/L,and 3.95±2.11 ng/mL respectively;P>0.05);post-intervention serum indicator levels were lower in both groups than pre-intervention levels.Further,serum levels of IL-6(17.35±5.33 pg/mL),CRP(2.27±0.56 mg/L),and PCT(0.22±0.07 ng/mL)were lower in the study group than in the control group(30.15±12.38 pg/mL,3.13±0.77 mg/L,0.38±0.12 ng/mL,respectively;P<0.05).The complication rate observed in the study group(9.52%)was lower than that in the control group(26.19%,P<0.05).The prognoses for the study group patients were better than those for the control patients(P<0.05).Patient care satisfaction was higher in the study group(95.24%)than in the control group(78.57%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION FMEA-based craniocerebral injury management effectively shortens the time spent on emergency care,reduces inflammatory stress and complication risk levels,and helps improve patient prognoses,while achieving high patient care satisfaction levels.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51135003,51205050,U1234208)Key National Science&Technology Special Project on"High-Grade CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipments"(Grant No.2013ZX04011011)+1 种基金Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20110042120020)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
文摘Reliability allocation of computerized numerical controlled(CNC)lathes is very important in industry.Traditional allocation methods only focus on high-failure rate components rather than moderate failure rate components,which is not applicable in some conditions.Aiming at solving the problem of CNC lathes reliability allocating,a comprehensive reliability allocation method based on cubic transformed functions of failure modes and effects analysis(FMEA)is presented.Firstly,conventional reliability allocation methods are introduced.Then the limitations of direct combination of comprehensive allocation method with the exponential transformed FMEA method are investigated.Subsequently,a cubic transformed function is established in order to overcome these limitations.Properties of the new transformed functions are discussed by considering the failure severity and the failure occurrence.Designers can choose appropriate transform amplitudes according to their requirements.Finally,a CNC lathe and a spindle system are used as an example to verify the new allocation method.Seven criteria are considered to compare the results of the new method with traditional methods.The allocation results indicate that the new method is more flexible than traditional methods.By employing the new cubic transformed function,the method covers a wider range of problems in CNC reliability allocation without losing the advantages of traditional methods.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42090055)the National Key ScientificInstruments and Equipment Development Projects of China(Grant No.41827808)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42207216).
文摘Reservoir-induced landslides in China's Three Gorges Reservoir area are prone to tensile cracks due to the influenceof their own weight and fluctuationsin water levels.The presence of cracks indicates that the tensile stress in the area has exceeded the tensile strength of the soil,leading to local instability.To explore the impact of tensile failure behavior on the stability and failure modes of reservoir landslides,the Huangtupo Riverside Slump#1 is taken as a case study.By considering local tensile failure,potential tensile cracks are incorporated into the analysis via the limit equilibrium method and reliability theory.The reliability of landslides under different tensile failure scenarios is quantified.Strain-softening characteristics of the soil are combined to further analyze the failure transmission path of the landslide.Finally,these potential failure modes were validated through physical model tests.The results show that cracks developing at rear positions reduce the stability of the slope and increase the probability of instability.During the destruction process,retrogressive failures with multiple sliding surfaces are likely to occur.However,tensile failure at the forefront reduces the likelihood of an individual slide mass descending.Progressive failure results in both regular and skip transmission patterns.Additionally,cracks and water level changes can also lead to shifts in the positions of the most dangerous blocks.Therefore,in practical landslide analysis and prevention,it is necessary to consider local tensile damage and identify potential tensile crack locations in advance to optimize prevention measures and accurately evaluate landslide risk.
文摘The recognition and management of risk in donation process and blood product is critical to ensure donor and patient safety. To achieve this goal, the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a convenient method;moreover it was used to prevent the occurrence of adverse events and look at what could go strong at each step. This study aimed to utilize FMEA in central blood bank in Khartoum to evaluate the potential risk and adverse event that may occur during the donation process. According to the severity, occurrence and the detection of each failure mode, the risk priority number (RPN) was calculated to determine which of the failures should take priority to find a solution and applying corrective action to reduce the failure risk. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 11 was used as descriptive and analytical statistics tool. The FMEA technique provides a systematic method for finding vulnerabilities in a process before they result in an error, and in this study a satisfactory outcome was reached.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51565019)the Scientific Research Start-Up Program of Tongji University,China(No.20141110)
文摘It is not objective to rate the decision-making factors in the traditional failure mode and effect analysis,so fuzzy semantic theory is used in this paper.Six fuzzy semantic scales and their corresponding semantics are summarized,and a defuzzification method is studied to obtain the fuzzy value table of the six fuzzy semantic scales.For the conflicts between experts in the traditional failure mode and effects analysis,a conflict-resolution algorithm is studied to obtain the failure risk order.Finally,a certain type of industrial valve is used as an example to prove the validity of the theory proposed in this paper.
文摘In view of the low level testability of armored equipment,the important significance of armored equipment testability growth is discussed in this paper.The failure mode effects and criticality analysis( FMECA) method to realize testability growth is introduced.Centering on the testability growth demands of new armored equipment,the deficiencies of traditional FMECA are analyzed.And an enhanced FMECA( EFMECA) method is proposed.The method increases the analysis contents,combines the information before the failure occurrence and impending failure modes together organically.Then the failure symptoms is analyzed,the failure modes and effects is determined,and the state development trend is predicted.Finally,the application of EFMECA method is illustrated by the example of the failure mode of typical armored equipment engine.
文摘BACKGROUND Utilizing failure mode and effects analysis(FMEA)in operating room nursing provides valuable insights for the care of patients undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery.AIM To evaluate the impact of FMEA on the risk of adverse events and nursing-care quality in patients undergoing radical surgery.METHODS Among 230 patients receiving radical cancer surgery between May 2019 and May 2024,115 were assigned to a control group that received standard intraoperative thermoregulation,while the observation group benefited from FMEA-modeled operating room care.Clinical indicators,stress responses,postoperative gastroin-testinal function recovery,nursing quality,and the incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Significant differences were observed in bed and hospital stay durations between the groups(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss or postoperative body temperature(P>0.05).Stress scores improved in both groups post-nursing(P<0.05),with the observation group showing lower stress scores than the control group(P<0.05).Gastrointestinal function recovery and nursing quality scores also differed significantly(P<0.05).Additionally,the incidence of adverse events such as stress injuries and surgical infections varied notably between the groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Incorporating FMEA into operating room nursing significantly enhances patient care by improving safety,expediting recovery,and reducing healthcare-associated risks.
基金Young Scholar Program of Hebei Pharmaceutical Association Hospital Pharmaceutical Research Project(2020—Hbsyxhqn0029)Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Chengde City,Hebei Province(201706A043).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effect of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis(HFMEA)on reducing error risk of neonatal parenteral nutrition solution dispensing.[Methods]A research team was established to identify the failure mode(FM)in each link of the formulation process of neonatal parenteral nutrition solution by HFMEA,quantify the severity(S),occurrence(O)and detection(D)of FM,and evaluate FM by risk priority number(RPN).For FM with the values of RPN>16,failure cause analysis was conducted,and corresponding improvement measures were formulated.The weight coefficient and random consistency ratio(CR)of deployment process were calculated in Matlab R2018a by compiling the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)program.Six months after the implementation of improvement measures,the implementation effect was evaluated by comparing the changes of the values of RPN which was evaluated comprehensively and the rate of dispensing errors before and after the implementation of HFMEA.[Results]In the preparation process of neonatal parenteral nutrition solution,a total of 13 FMs with medium and above risk were found,the weight coefficient of medical order review,dosing and mixing was 0.2703,the weight coefficient of drug dispensing check and review was 0.1432,the weight coefficient of print label was 0.1015,the weight coefficient of distribution was 0.0716,and CR=0.0491<0.1.After six months of intervention,the total RPN value decreased by 64.81%from 127.8 to 45.0.The deployment error rates were significantly lower after the implementation,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]HFMEA can effectively reduce the error risk in preparation of neonatal parenteral nutrition solution,improve the quality of dispensing and promote the safety of neonatal medication.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22120240094)Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education China(22YJA630082).
文摘Failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)is a preven-tative risk evaluation method used to evaluate and eliminate fail-ure modes within a system.However,the traditional FMEA method exhibits many deficiencies that pose challenges in prac-tical applications.To improve the conventional FMEA,many modified FMEA models have been suggested.However,the majority of them inadequately address consensus issues and focus on achieving a complete ranking of failure modes.In this research,we propose a new FMEA approach that integrates a two-stage consensus reaching model and a density peak clus-tering algorithm for the assessment and clustering of failure modes.Firstly,we employ the interval 2-tuple linguistic vari-ables(I2TLVs)to express the uncertain risk evaluations provided by FMEA experts.Then,a two-stage consensus reaching model is adopted to enable FMEA experts to reach a consensus.Next,failure modes are categorized into several risk clusters using a density peak clustering algorithm.Finally,the proposed FMEA is illustrated by a case study of load-bearing guidance devices of subway systems.The results show that the proposed FMEA model can more easily to describe the uncertain risk information of failure modes by using the I2TLVs;the introduction of an endogenous feedback mechanism and an exogenous feedback mechanism can accelerate the process of consensus reaching;and the density peak clustering of failure modes successfully improves the practical applicability of FMEA.
文摘Failure mode and effects analysis （FMEA） offers a quick and easy way for identifying ranking-order for all failure modes in a system or a product. In FMEA the ranking methods is so called risk priority number （RPN）, which is a mathematical product of severity （S）, occurrence （0）, and detection （D）. One of major disadvantages of this ranking-order is that the failure mode with different combination of SODs may generate same RPN resulting in difficult decision-making. Another shortfall of FMEA is lacking of discerning contribution factors, which lead to insufficient information about scaling of improving effort. Through data envelopment analysis （DEA） technique and its extension, the proposed approach evolves the current rankings for failure modes by exclusively investigating SOD in lieu of RPN and to furnish with improving sca.les for SOD. The purpose of present study is to propose a state-of-the-art new approach to enhance assessment capabilities of failure mode and effects analysis （FMEA）. The paper proposes a state-of-the-art new approach, robust, structured and useful in practice, for failure analysis.
文摘Objective: the experiment will apply failure mode and effect analysis combined with PDCA cycle management to hepatobiliary surgery patients to jointly improve the nursing results of patients. Methods: the experiment selected the patients of hepatobiliary surgery as the object of this investigation. In terms of time period, we retrieved 120 patients who received corresponding treatment in our hospital from June 2019 to December 2020. They were divided into two groups by random number method. Patients in the control group were given routine nursing measures, while patients in the observation group were given failure mode and effect analysis combined with PDCA cycle management to compare the nursing results. Results: from the point of view of nursing quality, the incidence of nursing errors in the observation group was 1.7% and that in the control group was 6.7%, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the same time, the satisfaction degree of the patients in the observation group was 98.3%, which was better than that of the control group (90.0%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Finally, the incidence of complications was 8.3% (5/60) in the observation group and 18.3% (11/60) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the application of failure mode and effect analysis combined with PDCA circulation management mode has good effect on rehabilitation nursing of patients with hepatobiliary surgery diseases, can improve the overall quality of nursing work, and has promotional value.
基金supported by the Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2024ZD1003903)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374078,U24A20616,and 52074043)+1 种基金Sichuan-Chongqing Science and Technology Project Innovation Cooperation Program(No.2024TIAD-CYKJCXX0011)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023CDJKYJH021).
文摘To ensure the safe implementation of underground reservoirs in abandoned coal mines,this study explores the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of coal-concrete composite structures under staged cyclic loading.Specimens with coal-to-concrete height ratios ranging from 0.5:1 to 3:1 were tested,with damage evolution continuously monitored using acoustic emission techniques.Results indicate that while the peak strength of pure materials decreases by approximately 1 MPa under cyclic stress compared to uniaxial compression,composite specimens exhibit strength enhancements exceeding 5 MPa.However,the peak strength of composite specimens decreases with increasing coal height,from 30 MPa at CR0.5 to 20 MPa at CR3.0.The damage state was assessed using the dynamic elastic strain energy index and Felicity ratio,which revealed that composite specimens are more prone to early damage accumulation.Spatial acoustic emission localization further reveals distinct failure modes across specimens with varying height ratios.To elucidate these differences,interfacial effects were incorporated into a modified twin-shear unified strength theory.The refined model accurately predicts the internal strength distribution and failure characteristics of the composite structures.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the structural design and safe operation of underground reservoir dams.
基金support provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC1501304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42090054,41922055 and 41931295)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(No.CUGGC09).
文摘Multi-layer slopes are widely found in clay residue receiving fields.A generalized horizontal slice method(GHSM)for assessing the stability of multi-layer slopes that considers the energy dissipation between adjacent horizontal slices is presented.In view of the upper-bound limit analysis theory,the energy equation is derived and the ultimate failure mode is generated by comparing the sliding surface passing through the slope toe(mode A)with that below(mode B).In addition,the influence of the number of slices on the stability coefficients in the GHSM is studied and the stable value is obtained.Compared to the original method(Chen’s method),the GHSM can acquire more precise results,which takes into account the energy dissipation in the inner sliding soil mass.Moreover,the GHSM,limit equilibrium method(LEM)and numerical simulation method(NSM)are applied to analyze the stability of a multi-layer slope with different slope angles and the results of the safety factor and failure mode are very close in each case.The ultimate failure modes are shown to be mode B when the slope angle is not more than 28°.It illustrates that the determination of the ultimate sliding surface requires comparison of multiple failure modes,not only mode A.
基金Projects(41572277,41402239)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015A030313118)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China+1 种基金Project(20120171110031)supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(201607010023)supported by the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China
文摘The failure modes of rock and soil under compression are complex phenomena that have not been explained in a mechanical perspective. However, large amounts of studies indicate that the failure modes of rock and soil samples can be categorized into eight types. In this work, the inner tensile stress and the dissipation and conversion of energy of rock and soil under compression are analyzed, then the effective conversion coefficient of energy is deduced, thus the tensile failure criterion of rock and soil under compression is established. Combined with the shear strength criterion of Mohr–Coulomb, a tensile joint shear strength criterion for rock and soil under compression is built. Therefore, a mechanical criterion model concerning the failure modes of rock and soil under compression is established and verified by tests. This model easily explains the test results in the existing literature and many natural phenomena, such as collapse.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11079045 and 11179003)the Important Direction Project of the CAS Knowledge Innovation Program(No.KJCX2-YW-N27)
文摘Single event upsets(SEUs) induced by heavy ions were observed in 65 nm SRAMs to quantitatively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of single-bit error correcting code(ECC) utilizing Hamming Code.The results show that the ECC did improve the performance dramatically,with the SEU cross sections of SRAMs with ECC being at the order of 10^(-11) cm^2/bit,two orders of magnitude higher than that without ECC(at the order of 10^(-9) cm^2/bit).Also,ineffectiveness of ECC module,including 1-,2- and 3-bits errors in single word(not Multiple Bit Upsets),was detected.The ECC modules in SRAMs utilizing(12,8) Hamming code would lose work when 2-bits upset accumulates in one codeword.Finally,the probabilities of failure modes involving 1-,2- and 3-bits errors,were calcaulated at 39.39%,37.88%and 22.73%,respectively,which agree well with the experimental results.
文摘Purpose–This study aims to investigate the fatigue behavior and failure modes of bolted lap joints using Modified Tensile Specimens(MTS)under various cyclic load conditions.Emphasis is placed on identifying the relationship between load amplitude,fatigue life,and damage progression in low-carbon steel assemblies.Design/methodology/approach–An experimental approach was adopted using MTS specimens fabricated from St 1203 cold-rolled steel,joined with Grade 8.8 M4 bolts.Cyclic fatigue tests were conducted under zerobased loading at seven distinct force levels.Fracture surfaces were visually analyzed to identify dominant failure mechanisms.Findings–The results revealed a strong inverse correlation between applied cyclic load and fatigue life.Three distinct failure modes were identified:bolt shear at high loads(5.4 kN),interface cracking and slippage at moderate loads(4.9–5.1 kN),and plate tearing or stable fatigue behavior at lower loads(54.1 kN).The results highlight a progressive transition in failure mechanisms,from bolt shear at high loads to plate tearing and interface cracking at lower loads,providing essential insights for fatigue-resistant bolted joint design.Originality/value–This study offers original insights into the fatigue behavior of bolted lap joints using MTS,a relatively underexplored configuration in fatigue assessment.By experimentally evaluating failure modes under varied cyclic load levels,the authors uncover critical transitions in damage mechanisms—from bolt shear to interface cracking and plate tearing—depending on the applied load.Unlike many existing studies focused on numerical modeling or bonded joints alone,this work provides empirical data rooted in real-world fastening conditions using cold-rolled low-carbon steel.
基金Project(2013CB036004) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(51178468,51174086) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(201102) supported by the Open Foundation of Hunan Key Laboratory of Safe Mining Techniques of Coal Mines,China
文摘In order to reduce the errors of the reliability of the retaining wall structure in the establishment of function, in the estimation of parameter and algorithm, firstly, two new reliability and stability models of anti-slipping and anti-overturning based on the upper-bound theory of limit analysis were established, and two kinds of failure modes were regarded as a series of systems with multiple correlated failure modes. Then, statistical characteristics of parameters of the retaining wall structure were inferred by maximal entropy principle. At last, the structural reliabilities of single failure mode and multiple failure modes were calculated by Monte Carlo method in MATLAB and the results were compared and analyzed on the sensitivity. It indicates that this method, with a high precision, is not only easy to program and quick in calculation, but also without the limit of nonlinear functions and non-normal random variables. And the results calculated by this method which applies both the limit analysis theory, maximal entropy principle and Monte Carlo method into analyzing the reliability of the retaining wall structures is more scientific, accurate and reliable, in comparison with those calculated by traditional method.
基金Project (50099620) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A stratified rock mass model was founded by FLAC^3D. The failure mode and anisotropic characteristic of strength for stratified rock mass were analyzed. The analysis results show that the numerical simulation can visually reflect the failure modes of rock samples under different inclination angles β of structural plane. The stiffness of rock sample before peak strength changes in the compressive procedure. With the increase of β, the compressive strength σc of rock sample decreases firstly and then increases; when β is in the range of 20°-30° and 80°-90°, σc has the largest sensitivity to r; while β falls in the range of 30°-70°, σc varies little. When φj〈β〈90° （ φj is friction angle of structure plane）, the results obtained from numerical simulation and theoretical analysis are in almost the same values; while β〈 φj or β=90°, they are in great different values. The results obtained from theoretical analysis are obvious larger than those from numerical simulation; and the results from numerical simulation can reflect the difference of compressive strength of rock samples for the two situations of β≥φj and β=90°, which is in more accordance with the real situation.
