Although the frequency of ancient hybridization across the Tree of Life is greater than previously thought,little work has been devoted to uncovering the extent,timeline,and geographic and ecological context of ancien...Although the frequency of ancient hybridization across the Tree of Life is greater than previously thought,little work has been devoted to uncovering the extent,timeline,and geographic and ecological context of ancient hybridization.Using an expansive new dataset of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences,we conducted a multifaceted phylogenomic investigation to identify ancient reticulation in the early evolution of oaks(Quercus).We document extensive nuclear gene tree and cytonuclear discordance among major lineages of Quercus and relatives in Quercoideae.Our analyses recovered clear signatures of gene flow against a backdrop of rampant incomplete lineage sorting,with gene flow most prevalent among major lineages of Quercus and relatives in Quercoideae during their initial radiation,dated to the Early-Middle Eocene.Ancestral reconstructions including fossils suggest ancestors of Castanea+Castanopsis,Lithocarpus,and the Old World oak clade probably co-occurred in North America and Eurasia,while the ancestors of Chrysolepis,Notholithocarpus,and the New World oak clade co-occurred in North America,offering ample opportunity for hybridization in each region.Our study shows that hybridization—perhaps in the form of ancient syngameons like those seen today—has been a common and important process throughout the evolutionary history of oaks and their relatives.Concomitantly,this study provides a methodological framework for detecting ancient hybridization in other groups.展开更多
China represents a significant global hotspot for species in the family Fagaceae,which are widely distributed across the country and play a crucial role in various ecological and social systems.As the global cliamte i...China represents a significant global hotspot for species in the family Fagaceae,which are widely distributed across the country and play a crucial role in various ecological and social systems.As the global cliamte is changing rapidly,predicting the future distribution and richness of these species in China holds substantial importance.This study presents the first national-scale assessment of the future distribution of 243 Fagaceae species in China,utilizing ensemble species distribution models(SDMs)for the 2050s and 2070s under various climate change scenarios.The SDM projections indicate notable changes in the distribution of Fagaceae species,characterizing with an overall decline in the distribution area,an upward migration in elevation and a northeastward shift in their range.These changes are expected to significantly alter the spatial pattern of species richness,creating possible refugia in the southwestern mountainous regions and the western Qinling Mountains.We further revealed that a considerable amount of China’s natural reserves will show decreased richness of Fagaceae under climate change.Our study systematically evaluates the impact of future climate change on the distribution of Fagaceae species in China,potentially helpful for conservation planning of these species in China.展开更多
Aims Hybridization usually leads to gene introgression between related spe-cies in hybrid zones,associated with complex patterns of morpho-logical variation.Nevertheless,previous studies have tended to ignore the effe...Aims Hybridization usually leads to gene introgression between related spe-cies in hybrid zones,associated with complex patterns of morpho-logical variation.Nevertheless,previous studies have tended to ignore the effects of geographic variation in hybridization rates on species taxonomy.This study aims to investigate the variation of morphologi-cal traits between two sympatric and taxonomically confused oak spe-cies,Quercus liaotungensis and Q.mongolica,and reveal the effects of hybridization rates on morphological traits and the taxonomic boundary.Methods We used seven microsatellite loci to evaluate species status and measured 15 morphological traits in 26 trees in the recent hybrid zone between Q.liaotungensis and Q.mongolica,and we char-acterized the differences between the two oak species and their hybrids for the investigated traits.Important Findingsmolecular analyses indicated that 74%of 78 sampled maternal trees were hybrids between Q.liaotungensis and Q.mongolica although the observed morphological variation suggested that they had remained distinct species.across all of the differentiated leaf and reproductive traits,the hybrids expressed patterns similar to Q.liaotungensis,which may suggest dominant expression of paren-tal characters.These results are consistent with our expectation that hybrids will be difficult to distinguish from parental species in a recent hybrid zone.展开更多
Abundant fossil records show that the Fagaceae has remained a dominant component in the Northern Hemisphere since the Cenozoic. However, due to the large number of living species, it is not easy to identify leaves to ...Abundant fossil records show that the Fagaceae has remained a dominant component in the Northern Hemisphere since the Cenozoic. However, due to the large number of living species, it is not easy to identify leaves to a particular species. Consequently, the identification of fossil leaves belonging to the Fagaceae is problematic.展开更多
Understanding the ecological adaptation of tree species can not only reveal the evolutionary potential but also benefit biodiversity conservation under global climate change.Quercus is a keystone genus in Northern Hem...Understanding the ecological adaptation of tree species can not only reveal the evolutionary potential but also benefit biodiversity conservation under global climate change.Quercus is a keystone genus in Northern Hemisphere forests,and its wide distribution in diverse ecosystems and long evolutionary history make it an ideal model for studying the genomic basis of ecological adaptations.Here we used a newly sequenced genome of Quercus gilva,an evergreen oak species from East Asia,with 18 published Fagales genomes to determine how Fagaceae genomes have evolved,identify genomic footprints of ecological adaptability in oaks in general,as well as between evergreen and deciduous oaks.We found that oak species exhibited a higher degree of genomic conservation and stability,as indicated by the absence of large-scale chromosomal structural variations or additional whole-genome duplication events.In addition,we identified expansion and tandem repetitions within gene families that contribute to plant physical and chemical defense(e.g.,cuticle biosynthesis and oxidosqualene cyclase genes),which may represent the foundation for the ecological adaptation of oak species.Circadian rhythm and hormone-related genes may regulate the habits of evergreen and deciduous oaks.This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the ecological adaptations of tree species based on phylogenetic,genome evolutionary,and functional genomic analyses.展开更多
[Objective] This research aimed to develop molecular identification method for Castanopsis hystrix,Castanopsis carlesii and Quercus griffithii.[Method] DNA fingerprints of C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii were es...[Objective] This research aimed to develop molecular identification method for Castanopsis hystrix,Castanopsis carlesii and Quercus griffithii.[Method] DNA fingerprints of C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii were established by using ISSR-PCR method.Cluster Analysis was carried out by using UPGMA method based on Nei＇s genetic distances among each individual.[Result] Six polymorphic primers were selected from 50 ISSR primers for ISSR-PCR amplification,and totally 86 discernible DNA bands were amplified with 53 polymorphic bands,accounting for 61.2% of the total.The average number of DNA bands amplified by each primer was 10.75.Specifically,totally 5 primers had amplified differential bands and specific bands,which were able to accurately identify C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii.As calculated by DPS v3.01 software,the genetic distances among test materials were ranged from 0.166 67 to 0.809 52,with an average of 0.563 57.[Conclusion] ISSR-PCR method can be used to identify C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii effectively.展开更多
Background: Global change is causing an increase in the incidence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on forests, which frequently interact synergistically and promote changes in forest structure, composition an...Background: Global change is causing an increase in the incidence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on forests, which frequently interact synergistically and promote changes in forest structure, composition and functioning. In this study we evaluate the regeneration of Pinaceae and Fagaceae species in pure and mixed stands in Mexico to determine if current regeneration patterns are indicative of changes in the relative dominance of these two tree families, as observed in other temperate regions. We also identify the environmental factors that determine the regeneration patterns of Pinaceae and Fagaceae species in these forests.Results: We use data from two consecutive surveys of the National Inventory of Forests and Soils of Mexico(INFyS),obtained in 2004–2009 and 2009–2014. Our results show that the spatial patterns of regeneration are affected by forest structure, by climate, by the type and intensity of disturbances and by land tenure. Importantly, the presence and abundance of Fagaceae regeneration is generally higher than that of Pinaceae, and tends to be favoured(relative to Pinaceae) under warmer climates and by the presence of wildfires.Conclusions: The higher regeneration of Fagaceae relative to Pinaceae under warmer and fire-prone conditions could have important impacts on the composition and functioning of Mexican temperate forests under ongoing climate change, as well as affect their resilience to future disturbances.展开更多
Castanea sativa is a valuable tree species in Hyrcanian forests, an evolutionary relict ecosystem whose communities suffer from overexploitation and fungal diseases. In the current study, three species delimitation me...Castanea sativa is a valuable tree species in Hyrcanian forests, an evolutionary relict ecosystem whose communities suffer from overexploitation and fungal diseases. In the current study, three species delimitation methods were utilized with ITS regions sequencing to determine the taxonomic status of Septoria causing leaf blotch of C. sativa in Hyrcanian forests. The results indicated that the length of ITS region in the genus Septoria (extracted from GenBank) varied from 650 to 680 bp. There were almost three times more variable sites in ITS1 than in ITS2. The ITS2 secondary structure of Hyrcanian Septoria community had the highest similarity with Septoria castaneicola, except for some differences in helix II and III. Also, Hyrcanian samples had minimum genetic distances with S. castaneicola and maximum with Septoria quercicola. The maximum parsimony method divided the studied Septoria genus into three distinct clades, mostly located in clade I. Clade II consisted entirely of Septoria aciculosa, while clade III contained S. castaneicola as well as Hyrcanian samples.展开更多
On Page 1428,Table 5 is missing.It should be placed after this paragraph“In this study,a total of 19 endemic species of Borneo were recorded(Table 5).The highest number of endemic species was found in S1 followed by ...On Page 1428,Table 5 is missing.It should be placed after this paragraph“In this study,a total of 19 endemic species of Borneo were recorded(Table 5).The highest number of endemic species was found in S1 followed by S2 and S3.Four endemic Dipterocarpaceae(Shorea crassa at S2;Shorea isopteran,Shorea parvistipulata and Vatica micrantha at S1)were found in this study area(Table 5).Three endemic species each from Fagaceae,Lauraceae and Myrtaceae were also documented during this study(Table 5).At a similar elevation range to S3,Kueh et al.(2017)recorded 12 endemic species in their study.”.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China with a key international(regional)cooperative research project(No.31720103903 to T.-S.Y.and D.E.S)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(grant No.XDB31000000 to D.-Z.L.)+6 种基金the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2019FY100900 to H.-L.L.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32270247 to R.Z.)the Yunling International High-end Experts Program of Yunnan Province,China(grant No.YNQR-GDWG-2017-002 to P.S.S.and T.-S.Y.and YNQR-GDWG-2018-012 to D.E.S.and T.-S.Y.)the USA Department of Energy(grant DE-SC0018247 to P.S.S.,D.E.S.,R.P.G.,and R.A.F.)the USA National Science Foundation(grant DEB-1916632 to R.A.F.,R.P.G.,D.E.S.,and P.S.S.)the Natural Environment Research Council of the UK(grant No.NE/X015505/1 to A.F.and P.J.V.)Leverhulme Research Project(grant RPG-2019-365 to A.F.and P.J.V.).
文摘Although the frequency of ancient hybridization across the Tree of Life is greater than previously thought,little work has been devoted to uncovering the extent,timeline,and geographic and ecological context of ancient hybridization.Using an expansive new dataset of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences,we conducted a multifaceted phylogenomic investigation to identify ancient reticulation in the early evolution of oaks(Quercus).We document extensive nuclear gene tree and cytonuclear discordance among major lineages of Quercus and relatives in Quercoideae.Our analyses recovered clear signatures of gene flow against a backdrop of rampant incomplete lineage sorting,with gene flow most prevalent among major lineages of Quercus and relatives in Quercoideae during their initial radiation,dated to the Early-Middle Eocene.Ancestral reconstructions including fossils suggest ancestors of Castanea+Castanopsis,Lithocarpus,and the Old World oak clade probably co-occurred in North America and Eurasia,while the ancestors of Chrysolepis,Notholithocarpus,and the New World oak clade co-occurred in North America,offering ample opportunity for hybridization in each region.Our study shows that hybridization—perhaps in the form of ancient syngameons like those seen today—has been a common and important process throughout the evolutionary history of oaks and their relatives.Concomitantly,this study provides a methodological framework for detecting ancient hybridization in other groups.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271622 and 32471554)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0802304).
文摘China represents a significant global hotspot for species in the family Fagaceae,which are widely distributed across the country and play a crucial role in various ecological and social systems.As the global cliamte is changing rapidly,predicting the future distribution and richness of these species in China holds substantial importance.This study presents the first national-scale assessment of the future distribution of 243 Fagaceae species in China,utilizing ensemble species distribution models(SDMs)for the 2050s and 2070s under various climate change scenarios.The SDM projections indicate notable changes in the distribution of Fagaceae species,characterizing with an overall decline in the distribution area,an upward migration in elevation and a northeastward shift in their range.These changes are expected to significantly alter the spatial pattern of species richness,creating possible refugia in the southwestern mountainous regions and the western Qinling Mountains.We further revealed that a considerable amount of China’s natural reserves will show decreased richness of Fagaceae under climate change.Our study systematically evaluates the impact of future climate change on the distribution of Fagaceae species in China,potentially helpful for conservation planning of these species in China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370398,31421063,J1210075)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Aims Hybridization usually leads to gene introgression between related spe-cies in hybrid zones,associated with complex patterns of morpho-logical variation.Nevertheless,previous studies have tended to ignore the effects of geographic variation in hybridization rates on species taxonomy.This study aims to investigate the variation of morphologi-cal traits between two sympatric and taxonomically confused oak spe-cies,Quercus liaotungensis and Q.mongolica,and reveal the effects of hybridization rates on morphological traits and the taxonomic boundary.Methods We used seven microsatellite loci to evaluate species status and measured 15 morphological traits in 26 trees in the recent hybrid zone between Q.liaotungensis and Q.mongolica,and we char-acterized the differences between the two oak species and their hybrids for the investigated traits.Important Findingsmolecular analyses indicated that 74%of 78 sampled maternal trees were hybrids between Q.liaotungensis and Q.mongolica although the observed morphological variation suggested that they had remained distinct species.across all of the differentiated leaf and reproductive traits,the hybrids expressed patterns similar to Q.liaotungensis,which may suggest dominant expression of paren-tal characters.These results are consistent with our expectation that hybrids will be difficult to distinguish from parental species in a recent hybrid zone.
文摘Abundant fossil records show that the Fagaceae has remained a dominant component in the Northern Hemisphere since the Cenozoic. However, due to the large number of living species, it is not easy to identify leaves to a particular species. Consequently, the identification of fossil leaves belonging to the Fagaceae is problematic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901217)the Special Fund for Scientific Research of Shanghai Landscaping and City Appearance Administrative Bureau(grant numbers G192422,G242414,and G242416).
文摘Understanding the ecological adaptation of tree species can not only reveal the evolutionary potential but also benefit biodiversity conservation under global climate change.Quercus is a keystone genus in Northern Hemisphere forests,and its wide distribution in diverse ecosystems and long evolutionary history make it an ideal model for studying the genomic basis of ecological adaptations.Here we used a newly sequenced genome of Quercus gilva,an evergreen oak species from East Asia,with 18 published Fagales genomes to determine how Fagaceae genomes have evolved,identify genomic footprints of ecological adaptability in oaks in general,as well as between evergreen and deciduous oaks.We found that oak species exhibited a higher degree of genomic conservation and stability,as indicated by the absence of large-scale chromosomal structural variations or additional whole-genome duplication events.In addition,we identified expansion and tandem repetitions within gene families that contribute to plant physical and chemical defense(e.g.,cuticle biosynthesis and oxidosqualene cyclase genes),which may represent the foundation for the ecological adaptation of oak species.Circadian rhythm and hormone-related genes may regulate the habits of evergreen and deciduous oaks.This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the ecological adaptations of tree species based on phylogenetic,genome evolutionary,and functional genomic analyses.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Fund in Guangxi Academy of Forestry " Population Genetics Study of Castanopsis hystrix"(Forestry 200901)~~
文摘[Objective] This research aimed to develop molecular identification method for Castanopsis hystrix,Castanopsis carlesii and Quercus griffithii.[Method] DNA fingerprints of C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii were established by using ISSR-PCR method.Cluster Analysis was carried out by using UPGMA method based on Nei＇s genetic distances among each individual.[Result] Six polymorphic primers were selected from 50 ISSR primers for ISSR-PCR amplification,and totally 86 discernible DNA bands were amplified with 53 polymorphic bands,accounting for 61.2% of the total.The average number of DNA bands amplified by each primer was 10.75.Specifically,totally 5 primers had amplified differential bands and specific bands,which were able to accurately identify C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii.As calculated by DPS v3.01 software,the genetic distances among test materials were ranged from 0.166 67 to 0.809 52,with an average of 0.563 57.[Conclusion] ISSR-PCR method can be used to identify C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii effectively.
基金supported by “‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-CONACYT’“by a national research grant/scholarship(CVU 225254)to TARby the Spanish government through grant CGL2013–46808-R.JMV benefits from an ICREA Academia award
文摘Background: Global change is causing an increase in the incidence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on forests, which frequently interact synergistically and promote changes in forest structure, composition and functioning. In this study we evaluate the regeneration of Pinaceae and Fagaceae species in pure and mixed stands in Mexico to determine if current regeneration patterns are indicative of changes in the relative dominance of these two tree families, as observed in other temperate regions. We also identify the environmental factors that determine the regeneration patterns of Pinaceae and Fagaceae species in these forests.Results: We use data from two consecutive surveys of the National Inventory of Forests and Soils of Mexico(INFyS),obtained in 2004–2009 and 2009–2014. Our results show that the spatial patterns of regeneration are affected by forest structure, by climate, by the type and intensity of disturbances and by land tenure. Importantly, the presence and abundance of Fagaceae regeneration is generally higher than that of Pinaceae, and tends to be favoured(relative to Pinaceae) under warmer climates and by the presence of wildfires.Conclusions: The higher regeneration of Fagaceae relative to Pinaceae under warmer and fire-prone conditions could have important impacts on the composition and functioning of Mexican temperate forests under ongoing climate change, as well as affect their resilience to future disturbances.
基金financially supported by Tarbiat Modares University
文摘Castanea sativa is a valuable tree species in Hyrcanian forests, an evolutionary relict ecosystem whose communities suffer from overexploitation and fungal diseases. In the current study, three species delimitation methods were utilized with ITS regions sequencing to determine the taxonomic status of Septoria causing leaf blotch of C. sativa in Hyrcanian forests. The results indicated that the length of ITS region in the genus Septoria (extracted from GenBank) varied from 650 to 680 bp. There were almost three times more variable sites in ITS1 than in ITS2. The ITS2 secondary structure of Hyrcanian Septoria community had the highest similarity with Septoria castaneicola, except for some differences in helix II and III. Also, Hyrcanian samples had minimum genetic distances with S. castaneicola and maximum with Septoria quercicola. The maximum parsimony method divided the studied Septoria genus into three distinct clades, mostly located in clade I. Clade II consisted entirely of Septoria aciculosa, while clade III contained S. castaneicola as well as Hyrcanian samples.
文摘On Page 1428,Table 5 is missing.It should be placed after this paragraph“In this study,a total of 19 endemic species of Borneo were recorded(Table 5).The highest number of endemic species was found in S1 followed by S2 and S3.Four endemic Dipterocarpaceae(Shorea crassa at S2;Shorea isopteran,Shorea parvistipulata and Vatica micrantha at S1)were found in this study area(Table 5).Three endemic species each from Fagaceae,Lauraceae and Myrtaceae were also documented during this study(Table 5).At a similar elevation range to S3,Kueh et al.(2017)recorded 12 endemic species in their study.”.
