Although the frequency of ancient hybridization across the Tree of Life is greater than previously thought,little work has been devoted to uncovering the extent,timeline,and geographic and ecological context of ancien...Although the frequency of ancient hybridization across the Tree of Life is greater than previously thought,little work has been devoted to uncovering the extent,timeline,and geographic and ecological context of ancient hybridization.Using an expansive new dataset of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences,we conducted a multifaceted phylogenomic investigation to identify ancient reticulation in the early evolution of oaks(Quercus).We document extensive nuclear gene tree and cytonuclear discordance among major lineages of Quercus and relatives in Quercoideae.Our analyses recovered clear signatures of gene flow against a backdrop of rampant incomplete lineage sorting,with gene flow most prevalent among major lineages of Quercus and relatives in Quercoideae during their initial radiation,dated to the Early-Middle Eocene.Ancestral reconstructions including fossils suggest ancestors of Castanea+Castanopsis,Lithocarpus,and the Old World oak clade probably co-occurred in North America and Eurasia,while the ancestors of Chrysolepis,Notholithocarpus,and the New World oak clade co-occurred in North America,offering ample opportunity for hybridization in each region.Our study shows that hybridization—perhaps in the form of ancient syngameons like those seen today—has been a common and important process throughout the evolutionary history of oaks and their relatives.Concomitantly,this study provides a methodological framework for detecting ancient hybridization in other groups.展开更多
China represents a significant global hotspot for species in the family Fagaceae,which are widely distributed across the country and play a crucial role in various ecological and social systems.As the global cliamte i...China represents a significant global hotspot for species in the family Fagaceae,which are widely distributed across the country and play a crucial role in various ecological and social systems.As the global cliamte is changing rapidly,predicting the future distribution and richness of these species in China holds substantial importance.This study presents the first national-scale assessment of the future distribution of 243 Fagaceae species in China,utilizing ensemble species distribution models(SDMs)for the 2050s and 2070s under various climate change scenarios.The SDM projections indicate notable changes in the distribution of Fagaceae species,characterizing with an overall decline in the distribution area,an upward migration in elevation and a northeastward shift in their range.These changes are expected to significantly alter the spatial pattern of species richness,creating possible refugia in the southwestern mountainous regions and the western Qinling Mountains.We further revealed that a considerable amount of China’s natural reserves will show decreased richness of Fagaceae under climate change.Our study systematically evaluates the impact of future climate change on the distribution of Fagaceae species in China,potentially helpful for conservation planning of these species in China.展开更多
Pine and oak forests have great relevance worldwide since they are recognized for the benefits and services they provide.Grazing can affect nitrogen reserves in forest trees in complex ways,the effects manifest throug...Pine and oak forests have great relevance worldwide since they are recognized for the benefits and services they provide.Grazing can affect nitrogen reserves in forest trees in complex ways,the effects manifest through changes in the soil,vegetation,and the nitrogen cycle.Nature tourism can have negative impacts on tree physiology.These impacts affect vital processes such as photosynthesis,respiration,water relations,and metabolism.This study was developed in order to determine whether natural populations of pine(Pinus cembroides Zucc.)and oak(Quercus grisea Liebm.)are affected physiologically by grazing and tourism during the stages of development and dormancy,specifically in nitrogenous compounds(Total Soluble Proteins[TSP]and Total Amino Acids[TAA])stocked in perennial organs(stem and roots)and leaves.The results showed that grazing and tourism have both negative and favorable effects on the concentrations of nitrogen compounds.The highest concentration of nitrogenous compounds was found in oak compared to pine.The root,trunk,and leaves in the grazed and non-impacted sites showed the highest concentrations of nitrogen compounds compared to the tourism-impacted site.Pine is the species most affected by anthropogenic processes(grazing and tourism)in the stages of development and dormancy,since the concentrations of nitrogenous compounds were lower compared to oak.展开更多
Aims Hybridization usually leads to gene introgression between related spe-cies in hybrid zones,associated with complex patterns of morpho-logical variation.Nevertheless,previous studies have tended to ignore the effe...Aims Hybridization usually leads to gene introgression between related spe-cies in hybrid zones,associated with complex patterns of morpho-logical variation.Nevertheless,previous studies have tended to ignore the effects of geographic variation in hybridization rates on species taxonomy.This study aims to investigate the variation of morphologi-cal traits between two sympatric and taxonomically confused oak spe-cies,Quercus liaotungensis and Q.mongolica,and reveal the effects of hybridization rates on morphological traits and the taxonomic boundary.Methods We used seven microsatellite loci to evaluate species status and measured 15 morphological traits in 26 trees in the recent hybrid zone between Q.liaotungensis and Q.mongolica,and we char-acterized the differences between the two oak species and their hybrids for the investigated traits.Important Findingsmolecular analyses indicated that 74%of 78 sampled maternal trees were hybrids between Q.liaotungensis and Q.mongolica although the observed morphological variation suggested that they had remained distinct species.across all of the differentiated leaf and reproductive traits,the hybrids expressed patterns similar to Q.liaotungensis,which may suggest dominant expression of paren-tal characters.These results are consistent with our expectation that hybrids will be difficult to distinguish from parental species in a recent hybrid zone.展开更多
Abundant fossil records show that the Fagaceae has remained a dominant component in the Northern Hemisphere since the Cenozoic. However, due to the large number of living species, it is not easy to identify leaves to ...Abundant fossil records show that the Fagaceae has remained a dominant component in the Northern Hemisphere since the Cenozoic. However, due to the large number of living species, it is not easy to identify leaves to a particular species. Consequently, the identification of fossil leaves belonging to the Fagaceae is problematic.展开更多
Understanding the ecological adaptation of tree species can not only reveal the evolutionary potential but also benefit biodiversity conservation under global climate change.Quercus is a keystone genus in Northern Hem...Understanding the ecological adaptation of tree species can not only reveal the evolutionary potential but also benefit biodiversity conservation under global climate change.Quercus is a keystone genus in Northern Hemisphere forests,and its wide distribution in diverse ecosystems and long evolutionary history make it an ideal model for studying the genomic basis of ecological adaptations.Here we used a newly sequenced genome of Quercus gilva,an evergreen oak species from East Asia,with 18 published Fagales genomes to determine how Fagaceae genomes have evolved,identify genomic footprints of ecological adaptability in oaks in general,as well as between evergreen and deciduous oaks.We found that oak species exhibited a higher degree of genomic conservation and stability,as indicated by the absence of large-scale chromosomal structural variations or additional whole-genome duplication events.In addition,we identified expansion and tandem repetitions within gene families that contribute to plant physical and chemical defense(e.g.,cuticle biosynthesis and oxidosqualene cyclase genes),which may represent the foundation for the ecological adaptation of oak species.Circadian rhythm and hormone-related genes may regulate the habits of evergreen and deciduous oaks.This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the ecological adaptations of tree species based on phylogenetic,genome evolutionary,and functional genomic analyses.展开更多
以我国云南地区木材性质前期调查基础薄弱且具有一定经济开发潜力的10种阔叶树种为研究对象,分别采用GB/T 13942.1—2009《木材耐久性能第1部分:天然耐腐性实验室试验方法》和CEN/TR 14734:2004“Durability of wood and wood-based pro...以我国云南地区木材性质前期调查基础薄弱且具有一定经济开发潜力的10种阔叶树种为研究对象,分别采用GB/T 13942.1—2009《木材耐久性能第1部分:天然耐腐性实验室试验方法》和CEN/TR 14734:2004“Durability of wood and wood-based products-Determination of treatability of timber species to be impregnated with wood preservatives-Laboratory method”,评估其心材天然耐腐性和防腐可处理性。结果表明:樟科的5个树种刀把木(Cinnamomum pittosporoides)、茶果樟(Cinnamomum chago)、黄心树(Machilus gamblei)、香面叶(Iteadaphne caudata)和多果新木姜子(Neolitsea polycarpa)均表现出较差的天然耐腐性(Ⅳ级不耐腐);壳斗科的5个树种间存在差异,其中壶壳柯(Lithocarpus echinophorus)为Ⅳ级不耐腐,褐叶青冈(Quercus stewardiana)为Ⅲ级稍耐腐,硬壳柯(Lithocarpus hancei)和木果柯(Lithocarpus xylocarpus)为Ⅱ级耐腐,而腾冲栲(Castanopsis wattii)为Ⅰ级强耐腐。在防腐可处理性方面,樟科树种刀把木、黄心树和香面叶为较易处理树种,茶果樟和多果新木姜子为难处理树种;而壳斗科腾冲栲和木果柯属于极难处理树种,壶壳柯属于较易处理树种,褐叶青冈和硬壳柯介于两者之间。部分难处理树种心材除了整体渗透深度较低外,普遍出现条带状不均匀渗透的现象。总体而言,所选树种心材的天然耐腐性与渗透深度之间呈中等程度的正相关关系(径向ρ=0.71、弦向ρ=0.61),耐腐性强的树种心材呈现渗透深度较浅、可处理性差的特点。研究结果为国产木材资源的合理利用提供基础数据和科学依据。展开更多
[Objective] This research aimed to develop molecular identification method for Castanopsis hystrix,Castanopsis carlesii and Quercus griffithii.[Method] DNA fingerprints of C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii were es...[Objective] This research aimed to develop molecular identification method for Castanopsis hystrix,Castanopsis carlesii and Quercus griffithii.[Method] DNA fingerprints of C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii were established by using ISSR-PCR method.Cluster Analysis was carried out by using UPGMA method based on Nei＇s genetic distances among each individual.[Result] Six polymorphic primers were selected from 50 ISSR primers for ISSR-PCR amplification,and totally 86 discernible DNA bands were amplified with 53 polymorphic bands,accounting for 61.2% of the total.The average number of DNA bands amplified by each primer was 10.75.Specifically,totally 5 primers had amplified differential bands and specific bands,which were able to accurately identify C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii.As calculated by DPS v3.01 software,the genetic distances among test materials were ranged from 0.166 67 to 0.809 52,with an average of 0.563 57.[Conclusion] ISSR-PCR method can be used to identify C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii effectively.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China with a key international(regional)cooperative research project(No.31720103903 to T.-S.Y.and D.E.S)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(grant No.XDB31000000 to D.-Z.L.)+6 种基金the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2019FY100900 to H.-L.L.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32270247 to R.Z.)the Yunling International High-end Experts Program of Yunnan Province,China(grant No.YNQR-GDWG-2017-002 to P.S.S.and T.-S.Y.and YNQR-GDWG-2018-012 to D.E.S.and T.-S.Y.)the USA Department of Energy(grant DE-SC0018247 to P.S.S.,D.E.S.,R.P.G.,and R.A.F.)the USA National Science Foundation(grant DEB-1916632 to R.A.F.,R.P.G.,D.E.S.,and P.S.S.)the Natural Environment Research Council of the UK(grant No.NE/X015505/1 to A.F.and P.J.V.)Leverhulme Research Project(grant RPG-2019-365 to A.F.and P.J.V.).
文摘Although the frequency of ancient hybridization across the Tree of Life is greater than previously thought,little work has been devoted to uncovering the extent,timeline,and geographic and ecological context of ancient hybridization.Using an expansive new dataset of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences,we conducted a multifaceted phylogenomic investigation to identify ancient reticulation in the early evolution of oaks(Quercus).We document extensive nuclear gene tree and cytonuclear discordance among major lineages of Quercus and relatives in Quercoideae.Our analyses recovered clear signatures of gene flow against a backdrop of rampant incomplete lineage sorting,with gene flow most prevalent among major lineages of Quercus and relatives in Quercoideae during their initial radiation,dated to the Early-Middle Eocene.Ancestral reconstructions including fossils suggest ancestors of Castanea+Castanopsis,Lithocarpus,and the Old World oak clade probably co-occurred in North America and Eurasia,while the ancestors of Chrysolepis,Notholithocarpus,and the New World oak clade co-occurred in North America,offering ample opportunity for hybridization in each region.Our study shows that hybridization—perhaps in the form of ancient syngameons like those seen today—has been a common and important process throughout the evolutionary history of oaks and their relatives.Concomitantly,this study provides a methodological framework for detecting ancient hybridization in other groups.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271622 and 32471554)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0802304).
文摘China represents a significant global hotspot for species in the family Fagaceae,which are widely distributed across the country and play a crucial role in various ecological and social systems.As the global cliamte is changing rapidly,predicting the future distribution and richness of these species in China holds substantial importance.This study presents the first national-scale assessment of the future distribution of 243 Fagaceae species in China,utilizing ensemble species distribution models(SDMs)for the 2050s and 2070s under various climate change scenarios.The SDM projections indicate notable changes in the distribution of Fagaceae species,characterizing with an overall decline in the distribution area,an upward migration in elevation and a northeastward shift in their range.These changes are expected to significantly alter the spatial pattern of species richness,creating possible refugia in the southwestern mountainous regions and the western Qinling Mountains.We further revealed that a considerable amount of China’s natural reserves will show decreased richness of Fagaceae under climate change.Our study systematically evaluates the impact of future climate change on the distribution of Fagaceae species in China,potentially helpful for conservation planning of these species in China.
基金funded by the National Council of Science and Technology(postgraduate scholarship awarded to Antonio Gallegos-Islas)the“Antonio Narro”Autonomous Agrarian University.
文摘Pine and oak forests have great relevance worldwide since they are recognized for the benefits and services they provide.Grazing can affect nitrogen reserves in forest trees in complex ways,the effects manifest through changes in the soil,vegetation,and the nitrogen cycle.Nature tourism can have negative impacts on tree physiology.These impacts affect vital processes such as photosynthesis,respiration,water relations,and metabolism.This study was developed in order to determine whether natural populations of pine(Pinus cembroides Zucc.)and oak(Quercus grisea Liebm.)are affected physiologically by grazing and tourism during the stages of development and dormancy,specifically in nitrogenous compounds(Total Soluble Proteins[TSP]and Total Amino Acids[TAA])stocked in perennial organs(stem and roots)and leaves.The results showed that grazing and tourism have both negative and favorable effects on the concentrations of nitrogen compounds.The highest concentration of nitrogenous compounds was found in oak compared to pine.The root,trunk,and leaves in the grazed and non-impacted sites showed the highest concentrations of nitrogen compounds compared to the tourism-impacted site.Pine is the species most affected by anthropogenic processes(grazing and tourism)in the stages of development and dormancy,since the concentrations of nitrogenous compounds were lower compared to oak.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370398,31421063,J1210075)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Aims Hybridization usually leads to gene introgression between related spe-cies in hybrid zones,associated with complex patterns of morpho-logical variation.Nevertheless,previous studies have tended to ignore the effects of geographic variation in hybridization rates on species taxonomy.This study aims to investigate the variation of morphologi-cal traits between two sympatric and taxonomically confused oak spe-cies,Quercus liaotungensis and Q.mongolica,and reveal the effects of hybridization rates on morphological traits and the taxonomic boundary.Methods We used seven microsatellite loci to evaluate species status and measured 15 morphological traits in 26 trees in the recent hybrid zone between Q.liaotungensis and Q.mongolica,and we char-acterized the differences between the two oak species and their hybrids for the investigated traits.Important Findingsmolecular analyses indicated that 74%of 78 sampled maternal trees were hybrids between Q.liaotungensis and Q.mongolica although the observed morphological variation suggested that they had remained distinct species.across all of the differentiated leaf and reproductive traits,the hybrids expressed patterns similar to Q.liaotungensis,which may suggest dominant expression of paren-tal characters.These results are consistent with our expectation that hybrids will be difficult to distinguish from parental species in a recent hybrid zone.
文摘Abundant fossil records show that the Fagaceae has remained a dominant component in the Northern Hemisphere since the Cenozoic. However, due to the large number of living species, it is not easy to identify leaves to a particular species. Consequently, the identification of fossil leaves belonging to the Fagaceae is problematic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901217)the Special Fund for Scientific Research of Shanghai Landscaping and City Appearance Administrative Bureau(grant numbers G192422,G242414,and G242416).
文摘Understanding the ecological adaptation of tree species can not only reveal the evolutionary potential but also benefit biodiversity conservation under global climate change.Quercus is a keystone genus in Northern Hemisphere forests,and its wide distribution in diverse ecosystems and long evolutionary history make it an ideal model for studying the genomic basis of ecological adaptations.Here we used a newly sequenced genome of Quercus gilva,an evergreen oak species from East Asia,with 18 published Fagales genomes to determine how Fagaceae genomes have evolved,identify genomic footprints of ecological adaptability in oaks in general,as well as between evergreen and deciduous oaks.We found that oak species exhibited a higher degree of genomic conservation and stability,as indicated by the absence of large-scale chromosomal structural variations or additional whole-genome duplication events.In addition,we identified expansion and tandem repetitions within gene families that contribute to plant physical and chemical defense(e.g.,cuticle biosynthesis and oxidosqualene cyclase genes),which may represent the foundation for the ecological adaptation of oak species.Circadian rhythm and hormone-related genes may regulate the habits of evergreen and deciduous oaks.This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the ecological adaptations of tree species based on phylogenetic,genome evolutionary,and functional genomic analyses.
文摘以我国云南地区木材性质前期调查基础薄弱且具有一定经济开发潜力的10种阔叶树种为研究对象,分别采用GB/T 13942.1—2009《木材耐久性能第1部分:天然耐腐性实验室试验方法》和CEN/TR 14734:2004“Durability of wood and wood-based products-Determination of treatability of timber species to be impregnated with wood preservatives-Laboratory method”,评估其心材天然耐腐性和防腐可处理性。结果表明:樟科的5个树种刀把木(Cinnamomum pittosporoides)、茶果樟(Cinnamomum chago)、黄心树(Machilus gamblei)、香面叶(Iteadaphne caudata)和多果新木姜子(Neolitsea polycarpa)均表现出较差的天然耐腐性(Ⅳ级不耐腐);壳斗科的5个树种间存在差异,其中壶壳柯(Lithocarpus echinophorus)为Ⅳ级不耐腐,褐叶青冈(Quercus stewardiana)为Ⅲ级稍耐腐,硬壳柯(Lithocarpus hancei)和木果柯(Lithocarpus xylocarpus)为Ⅱ级耐腐,而腾冲栲(Castanopsis wattii)为Ⅰ级强耐腐。在防腐可处理性方面,樟科树种刀把木、黄心树和香面叶为较易处理树种,茶果樟和多果新木姜子为难处理树种;而壳斗科腾冲栲和木果柯属于极难处理树种,壶壳柯属于较易处理树种,褐叶青冈和硬壳柯介于两者之间。部分难处理树种心材除了整体渗透深度较低外,普遍出现条带状不均匀渗透的现象。总体而言,所选树种心材的天然耐腐性与渗透深度之间呈中等程度的正相关关系(径向ρ=0.71、弦向ρ=0.61),耐腐性强的树种心材呈现渗透深度较浅、可处理性差的特点。研究结果为国产木材资源的合理利用提供基础数据和科学依据。
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Fund in Guangxi Academy of Forestry " Population Genetics Study of Castanopsis hystrix"(Forestry 200901)~~
文摘[Objective] This research aimed to develop molecular identification method for Castanopsis hystrix,Castanopsis carlesii and Quercus griffithii.[Method] DNA fingerprints of C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii were established by using ISSR-PCR method.Cluster Analysis was carried out by using UPGMA method based on Nei＇s genetic distances among each individual.[Result] Six polymorphic primers were selected from 50 ISSR primers for ISSR-PCR amplification,and totally 86 discernible DNA bands were amplified with 53 polymorphic bands,accounting for 61.2% of the total.The average number of DNA bands amplified by each primer was 10.75.Specifically,totally 5 primers had amplified differential bands and specific bands,which were able to accurately identify C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii.As calculated by DPS v3.01 software,the genetic distances among test materials were ranged from 0.166 67 to 0.809 52,with an average of 0.563 57.[Conclusion] ISSR-PCR method can be used to identify C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii effectively.
