In the analysis of how environmental regulation affects the comparative advantage of trade,existing literature ignores industry's inherent heterogeneity, which draws remarkably different conclusions. In view of th...In the analysis of how environmental regulation affects the comparative advantage of trade,existing literature ignores industry's inherent heterogeneity, which draws remarkably different conclusions. In view of this, the paper analyzed the mechanism of environmental regulation on the export quality of different industries from the perspective of factor input structure heterogeneity. Based on the panel data of China's manufacturing industry, the paper used the system generalized method of moments method to examine the heterogeneity influence of environmental regulation on manufacturing export quality. The study found that, first, environmental regulation affected the export quality upgrade of the manufacturing sector through offset effect and compensation effect, and the direction of the impact would mainly depend on the industry's factor input structure. Second, for industries with larger fixed-asset investment(FAI) ratio in the factor input structure, the current environmental regulation policy was not conducive to the export quality upgrading of the industries. However, there was a significant U-shaped dynamic relationship between them. As environmental regulations became stricter, when regulatory stringency went beyond the inflection point, the policy would promote the upgrading of export quality. But for industries with smaller proportion of FAI, environmental regulation exerted a favorable impact on the export quality upgrade, following a J-shaped marginal growth curve.Third, for industries with different factor input structure, their export quality had been effectively upgraded as expected by factors like human capital investment, independent R&D, technology introduction, and foreign direct investment; but raising per capita capital stock and expanding enterprise size did not produce significant direct impact on export quality upgrade. These conclusions remained robust after using different measurement methods and replacing with other variables. Therefore, this paper suggests that governments should take industry heterogeneity into consideration and formulate differentiated hierarchical environmental policies.Besides, they should strengthen the enforcement of the current environmental regulation policies. By doing so, enterprises are forced to improve their technology and product quality so that they can better cope with rising compliance costs, eliminate backward industries, and resolve excess capacity. In this way, the economic structure would be transformed and upgraded from the supply side.展开更多
To analyze China’s fluctuating situation of the factor input and aggregative productivity is not only the main method to seek the source of the economic growth but also the main way to weigh the level of economic gro...To analyze China’s fluctuating situation of the factor input and aggregative productivity is not only the main method to seek the source of the economic growth but also the main way to weigh the level of economic growth quality.As to economic growth ofa country,the improvementofthe productivity is extremely important.The growth of the output can be realized through two kinds of ways: increasing the quantity of factor input of or improving the efficiency of the input and output.There fore, the level of economic growth quality does not mainly depend on the amount of invested factor,but the importance of improving the productivity since resources are rare. The relative improvement of efficiency in use of the invested factor marks the economic growing quality.So,in order to understand the economic growth quality of China to some extent, it must analyze Chinese factor input and aggregative productivity. This is the main topic that this text will be probed into.展开更多
Forestry is a fundamental industry of national economy. In social development of human beings,forestry plays an essential role in expanding employment,realizing rural prosperity and safeguarding ecological safety. Thi...Forestry is a fundamental industry of national economy. In social development of human beings,forestry plays an essential role in expanding employment,realizing rural prosperity and safeguarding ecological safety. This paper firstly introduced current development situations of forestry in Jilin Province. Then,it analyzed influence of factor input on forestry economic growth of Jilin Province by linear regression analysis method. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations.展开更多
Because conditions for the grain production are not favorable and the input in the production factors ofmodern agriculture is not sufficient, the grain supply has been less than the demand for a long time. By means of...Because conditions for the grain production are not favorable and the input in the production factors ofmodern agriculture is not sufficient, the grain supply has been less than the demand for a long time. By means of greycorrelation analysis, this paper deals with the correlation situation among such input factors as the grain sown area, thetotal power of agricultural machinery, the fertilizer utilization volume, the actual irrigation area, the damage area, thenumber of farming labor force, in order to understand the major restricting and driving forces that have affected thegrain output in the recent 23 years. The analysis shows that the grain sown area and fertilizer utilization volume are thetwo most important leading factors that affect grain production in Guizhou Province, while the damage area and the totalpower of the farming-used machines are the following factors. Fertilizer utilization volume and the actual agriculturalmachinery and irrigation area are the two increasingly influential factors that affect grain production. The influence of thefarming labor force upon grain production became less strong. The main measures to increase grain production outputin Guizhou Province are to stabilize the arable land, increase the actual irrigation area, expedite the transfer of thefarming labor force and increase the input of modern agriculture.展开更多
In order to analyze the relation between agricultural input factors and economic growth in Anhui Province,the evaluation index system of agricultural input is built from the perspectives of subject,object and tools ba...In order to analyze the relation between agricultural input factors and economic growth in Anhui Province,the evaluation index system of agricultural input is built from the perspectives of subject,object and tools based on grey system theory. The government investment in agricultural science and technology is selected as the index of labor subject,that is labor-related index(X1) ,the total sown area of crops is selected as the index of labor object(X2) ,the investment in rural water and electricity construction is chosen as the index of tools(X3) ,and the GDP of Anhui Province is denoted by X0. According to the relevant data,the improved model of grey correlation analysis is adopted to calculate the correlation among the investment in agricultural water and electricity construction,total sown area of crops,government investment in agricultural science and technology,and the GDP in Anhui Province during 2004-2008. Results show that investment in agricultural science and technology contribute the largest to GDP growth,the increase and change of the total sown area and the investment in rural water and electricity construction have a weak correlation with GDP,they are in a less consistent development trend. On this basis,the government of Anhui Province further proposes to increase the investment in agricultural science and technology,enhance the protection of arable lands,keep the total sown area of crops,and properly maintain the rural water and electricity construction.展开更多
This paper analyzes the effect of input factors on the growth of the agricultural sector in Syria. It estimates the relationship between input factors and agricultural economic growth in Syria using cointegration anal...This paper analyzes the effect of input factors on the growth of the agricultural sector in Syria. It estimates the relationship between input factors and agricultural economic growth in Syria using cointegration analysis and Granger causality analysis. The results of the analysis show that： （1） The increase of agriculture labor force and financial support played a vital role in the agricultural economic growth in the long term; （2） The increase in agricultural land and capital investment is significant in promoting agricultural economic growth in the short term; （3） Agricultural capital investment and agriculture labor force are the Granger causes of the agricultural economic growth.展开更多
This article conducts empirical analysis of rice growers' behavior of productive capital input and the influencing factors,using the input-output survey data concerning rice growing by 305 peasant households in 20...This article conducts empirical analysis of rice growers' behavior of productive capital input and the influencing factors,using the input-output survey data concerning rice growing by 305 peasant households in 2009 in Huanan County and Huachuan County,Jiamusi City,Heilongjiang Province.I use Logit model to carry out econometric test of factors influencing the possibility of fixed productive investment.The test results show that family size,the proportion of non-agricultural employment,the average educational level of households,farmland area,household farming income,credit level,peasant households' expectation of the minimum purchase price of rice,have significant effect on whether to conduct fixed productive investment,whether there are disasters has no significant effect on the scale of peasant households' productive investment.Then I use Tobit model to carry out econometric test of factors influencing the scale of productive capital input.The results show that family size,the proportion of non-agricultural employment,the average educational level of households,farmland area,household farming income,credit level and family housing value,peasant households' expectation of the minimum purchase price of rice,whether there are disasters,have significant effect on the scale of peasant households' productive investment.On the basis of model test results,in order to promote the rice growers to increase fixed productive input and increase productive capital input,rational recommendations are put forward as follows:raising the minimum purchase price of rice,scaling up rice growing,making every effort to promote the educational level of rice growers,ensuring that the rice growers obtain productive capital input loans timely.展开更多
On the basis of expounding farmers' behaviors on agricultural technology inputs studied by the foreign scholars; relying on the investigation data of 276 rural households in Deyang City, Sichuan Province and by us...On the basis of expounding farmers' behaviors on agricultural technology inputs studied by the foreign scholars; relying on the investigation data of 276 rural households in Deyang City, Sichuan Province and by using the Logistic Regression model, the farmers' behaviors on agricultural technology inputs and the influencing factors on their behaviors are analyzed. The results show the main factors that influence farmers; behaviors on agricultural inputs are whether they have the assistance of agricultural technology personnel; the choices of plantation; non-agricultural income; area of land management; the expectation on land ownership, whether it has township enterprises and the proportion of the non-agricultural labor forces and some other factors. The influencing degree of these factors descends from strong to weak. On the strength of the study results, the countermeasures on increasing local farmers' inputs on agricultural technology are put forward from the aspects of stabilizing rural land property, establishing scientific land transfer mechanism and intensifying the governmental functions of agro-technical station.展开更多
PM_(1.0),particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1.0μm,can adversely affect human health.However,fewer stations are capable of measuring PM_(1.0) concentrations than PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations...PM_(1.0),particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1.0μm,can adversely affect human health.However,fewer stations are capable of measuring PM_(1.0) concentrations than PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in real time(i.e.,only 9 locations for PM_(1.0) vs.623 locations for PM2.5 or PM10)in South Korea,making it impossible to conduct a nationwide health risk analysis of PM_(1.0).Thus,this study aimed to develop a PM_(1.0) prediction model using a random forest algorithm based on PM_(1.0) data from the nine measurement stations and various environmental input factors.Cross validation,in which the model was trained in eight stations and tested in the remaining station,achieved an average R^(2) of 0.913.The high R^(2) value achieved undermutually exclusive training and test locations in the cross validation can be ascribed to the fact that all the locations had similar relationships between PM_(1.0) and the input factors,which were captured by our model.Moreover,results of feature importance analysis showed that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were the two most important input features in predicting PM_(1.0) concentration.Finally,the model was used to estimate the PM_(1.0) concentrations in 623 locations,where input factors such as PM2.5 and PM10 can be obtained.Based on the augmented profile,we identified Seoul and Ansan to be PM_(1.0) concentration hotspots.These regions are large cities or the center of anthropogenic and industrial activities.The proposed model and the augmented PM_(1.0) profiles can be used for large epidemiological studies to understand the health impacts of PM_(1.0).展开更多
Based on 266 strong ground motion records, an attenuation relationship was developed for both absolute and relative input energy spectra. The comparison of the two kinds of input energy spectra constructed from the at...Based on 266 strong ground motion records, an attenuation relationship was developed for both absolute and relative input energy spectra. The comparison of the two kinds of input energy spectra constructed from the attenuation relationship was made in this paper. The results show that there is little difference between the absolute input energy spectra and relative input energy spectra at the periods of 0.5-1.0 s for elastic systems and at the period of 0.5 s for inelastic systems. The absolute input energy spectra are much larger than relative input energy spectra in very short period range but some less than relative input energy spectra in long period range. It is also found that the ductility factor has a significant effect on both absolute and relative input energy spectra. The absolute input energy spectra increase with the increasing of ductility factor in the period range of less than 0.3 s but decrease in the period range of larger than 0.3 s. The absolute input energy spectra for different ductility factor are almost equivalent at the period about 0.3 s, but for relative input energy spectra, the period is about 0.5 s. The effect of ductility on the relative input energy spectra in the short period range is much larger than that on the absolute input energy spectra, especially on the softer site class.展开更多
According to data in Nanjing Statistical Yearbook, contribution made by agricultural production factors was analyzed with contribution models of agricultural factors and the results showed that with restriction of lab...According to data in Nanjing Statistical Yearbook, contribution made by agricultural production factors was analyzed with contribution models of agricultural factors and the results showed that with restriction of labor force and land, Nanjing suburban counties have entered into a stage of ＂high input-high output＂, considering no matter from agricultural total value of output or from agricultural added value. In future, structure configuration of agricultural input factors should be optimized in Nanjing suburban counties by technology input to improve agricultural technology and technical efficiency in order to further achieve sustainable development of agriculture.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore interrelationship between agricultural input and output in Jiangsu and the influence degrees of input factors on agricultur-al output. [Method] Quantitative analysis and evaluation w...[Objective] The aim was to explore interrelationship between agricultural input and output in Jiangsu and the influence degrees of input factors on agricultur-al output. [Method] Quantitative analysis and evaluation were made on agricultural input and output in Jiangsu during 1990-2012 as per factor analysis and regression analysis. [Result] The result of factor analysis showed that since the 1990s, the comprehensive efficiency of agricultural input/output in Jiangsu was growing and in-put/output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, crop farming, and of food production were extracted, whose scores reflect the changes of input/output ef-ficiencies in terms of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, crop farming and food production in the two decades. The results of regression analysis indicated that the effects of the three indices on agricultural output tended to be volatile and the influence degrees were concluded also by regression parameters. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical references for agricultural input/output structure in Jiangsu Province.展开更多
Based on the theory of system energy-saving, a multilevel input-output computational model ot the iron and steel enterprise was established. And one example was calculated using this model to analyze the product energ...Based on the theory of system energy-saving, a multilevel input-output computational model ot the iron and steel enterprise was established. And one example was calculated using this model to analyze the product energy value, the process of energy consumption and energy consumption per ton of steel of an iron and steel enterprise. The influences of factory layout, steel ratio and production structure are calculated and analyzed. The calculation example indicates that reasonable factory layout is helpful to reduce its transportation energy consumption, decrease loss of heat, improve product rate and reduce environmental contamination; ore to steel ratio and iron to steel ratio decrease at the same degree; the influence of ore to steel ratio on energy intensity per ton is less than that of iron to steel ratio. The lord process product structure has a certain effect on comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel.展开更多
The estimation of the external quality factor is important for designing coupling devices for the cavities.A new representation of the external quality factor calculations for single-cell cavity coupled to a coaxial t...The estimation of the external quality factor is important for designing coupling devices for the cavities.A new representation of the external quality factor calculations for single-cell cavity coupled to a coaxial transmission line is derived based on analytic analysis and numeric analysis with the help of 3D electromagnetic code,and verified with experimental measurements at room temperature.In logarithmic scale the results for the external quality factor were quasi-linear over the limited range,and the simulated and measured data could be used and extrapolated to the superconducting case.For the unpolished 1.5 GHz 3rd harmonic superconducting cavity,the discrepancy between the evaluation value and measurement result is less than 25% within an acceptable deviation.展开更多
In general, the seismic response analysis in earthquake engineering assumes that the vibration parameters of the target and the contact surface of the external media are identical,i. e., single point input. However, e...In general, the seismic response analysis in earthquake engineering assumes that the vibration parameters of the target and the contact surface of the external media are identical,i. e., single point input. However, earthquake energy has an attenuation phenomenon in wave propagation,so a wide range of soil slopes and the external medium contact surface of different input points on motion are not identical. If we consider single point input only, it may not correspond with reality, so it is necessary to carry out research on multi-point input methods. Based on the 2-D slope model,single-point input and multi-point input are performed respectively to analyze and compare their similarities and differences in the perspectives of the characteristics of seismic response of soil layer and plastic zone distribution to provide a reference for the seismic design of slopes. The results show that in the perspective of soil seismic response analysis,the peak acceleration output and peak velocity output under multi-point input are greater than the peak values under single point input at the same monitoring point,the peak appearing time is also earlier than that of the single point input; in terms of the plastic zone distribution,the multi-point effect is manifested as the presence of more obvious tensile shear failures; in the perspective of safety coefficient,the safety coefficient under each multi-point input is smaller than that of single point input,a difference of about 7 % or so. In summary,multi-point input is more reasonable and practical than single point input,so multi-point input should be considered in seismic design.展开更多
Analysis of carbon emission mechanism based on regional perspectives is an im- portant research method capable of achieving energy savings and emission reductions. Xin- jiang, an important Chinese energy production ba...Analysis of carbon emission mechanism based on regional perspectives is an im- portant research method capable of achieving energy savings and emission reductions. Xin- jiang, an important Chinese energy production base, is currently going through a period of strategic opportunities for rapid development. Ensuring stable socio-economic development while achieving energy savings and meeting emission reductions targets, is the key issue currently facing the region. This paper is based on the input-output theory, and conducts a structural decomposition analysis on the factors affecting energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang from 1997 to 2007; this analysis employs a hybrid input-output analysis framework of ＂energy - economy - carbon emissions＂. （1） Xinjiang＇s carbon emissions from energy con- sumption increased from 20.70 million tons in 1997 to 40.34 million tons in 2007; carbon emissions growth was mainly concentrated in the production and processing of energy re- sources, the mining of mineral resources, and the processing industry. （2） The analysis of the direct effects of the influencing factors on carbon emissions showed that the change in per capita GDP, the final demand structure, the population scale, and the production structure were the important factors causing an increase in carbon emissions, while the decrease in carbon emission intensity during this period was the important influencing factor in stopping the growth of carbon emissions. This showed that while the sizes of Xinjiang＇s economy and population were growing, the economic structure had not been effectively optimized and the production technology had not been efficiently improved, resulting in a rapid growth of carbon emissions from energy consumption. （3） The analysis of the indirect effects of the influencing factors of carbon emission showed that the inter-provincial export, fixed capital formation, and the consumption by urban residents had significant influence on the changes in carbon emissions from energy consumption in Xinjiang. （4） The growth of investments in fixed assets of carbon intensive industry sectors, in addition to the growth of inter-provincial exports ofenergy resource products, makes the transfer effect of inter-provincial ＂embodied carbon＂ very significant.展开更多
This paper analyzes the citrus input-output efficiency by using the DEA-Malmquist productivity index methods based on the data of six counties in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2013.The result shows that TFP of Jiangxi...This paper analyzes the citrus input-output efficiency by using the DEA-Malmquist productivity index methods based on the data of six counties in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2013.The result shows that TFP of Jiangxi citrus is at low level overall,but the development is rapid.Technological progress is the driving force to promote productivity growth.Based on the static analysis study of six counties in 2013,it is found that the available input factors on the whole are in an ideal condition,and the citrus input factors in a few counties are redundant.Therefore,according to the results,the following policy recommendations are proposed:speeding up the intensive production of citrus in Jiangxi Province,to maximize the scale effect;adjusting the input ratio of various factors of production,so as to improve the citrus input-output efficiency.展开更多
文摘In the analysis of how environmental regulation affects the comparative advantage of trade,existing literature ignores industry's inherent heterogeneity, which draws remarkably different conclusions. In view of this, the paper analyzed the mechanism of environmental regulation on the export quality of different industries from the perspective of factor input structure heterogeneity. Based on the panel data of China's manufacturing industry, the paper used the system generalized method of moments method to examine the heterogeneity influence of environmental regulation on manufacturing export quality. The study found that, first, environmental regulation affected the export quality upgrade of the manufacturing sector through offset effect and compensation effect, and the direction of the impact would mainly depend on the industry's factor input structure. Second, for industries with larger fixed-asset investment(FAI) ratio in the factor input structure, the current environmental regulation policy was not conducive to the export quality upgrading of the industries. However, there was a significant U-shaped dynamic relationship between them. As environmental regulations became stricter, when regulatory stringency went beyond the inflection point, the policy would promote the upgrading of export quality. But for industries with smaller proportion of FAI, environmental regulation exerted a favorable impact on the export quality upgrade, following a J-shaped marginal growth curve.Third, for industries with different factor input structure, their export quality had been effectively upgraded as expected by factors like human capital investment, independent R&D, technology introduction, and foreign direct investment; but raising per capita capital stock and expanding enterprise size did not produce significant direct impact on export quality upgrade. These conclusions remained robust after using different measurement methods and replacing with other variables. Therefore, this paper suggests that governments should take industry heterogeneity into consideration and formulate differentiated hierarchical environmental policies.Besides, they should strengthen the enforcement of the current environmental regulation policies. By doing so, enterprises are forced to improve their technology and product quality so that they can better cope with rising compliance costs, eliminate backward industries, and resolve excess capacity. In this way, the economic structure would be transformed and upgraded from the supply side.
文摘To analyze China’s fluctuating situation of the factor input and aggregative productivity is not only the main method to seek the source of the economic growth but also the main way to weigh the level of economic growth quality.As to economic growth ofa country,the improvementofthe productivity is extremely important.The growth of the output can be realized through two kinds of ways: increasing the quantity of factor input of or improving the efficiency of the input and output.There fore, the level of economic growth quality does not mainly depend on the amount of invested factor,but the importance of improving the productivity since resources are rare. The relative improvement of efficiency in use of the invested factor marks the economic growing quality.So,in order to understand the economic growth quality of China to some extent, it must analyze Chinese factor input and aggregative productivity. This is the main topic that this text will be probed into.
文摘Forestry is a fundamental industry of national economy. In social development of human beings,forestry plays an essential role in expanding employment,realizing rural prosperity and safeguarding ecological safety. This paper firstly introduced current development situations of forestry in Jilin Province. Then,it analyzed influence of factor input on forestry economic growth of Jilin Province by linear regression analysis method. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations.
文摘Because conditions for the grain production are not favorable and the input in the production factors ofmodern agriculture is not sufficient, the grain supply has been less than the demand for a long time. By means of greycorrelation analysis, this paper deals with the correlation situation among such input factors as the grain sown area, thetotal power of agricultural machinery, the fertilizer utilization volume, the actual irrigation area, the damage area, thenumber of farming labor force, in order to understand the major restricting and driving forces that have affected thegrain output in the recent 23 years. The analysis shows that the grain sown area and fertilizer utilization volume are thetwo most important leading factors that affect grain production in Guizhou Province, while the damage area and the totalpower of the farming-used machines are the following factors. Fertilizer utilization volume and the actual agriculturalmachinery and irrigation area are the two increasingly influential factors that affect grain production. The influence of thefarming labor force upon grain production became less strong. The main measures to increase grain production outputin Guizhou Province are to stabilize the arable land, increase the actual irrigation area, expedite the transfer of thefarming labor force and increase the input of modern agriculture.
文摘In order to analyze the relation between agricultural input factors and economic growth in Anhui Province,the evaluation index system of agricultural input is built from the perspectives of subject,object and tools based on grey system theory. The government investment in agricultural science and technology is selected as the index of labor subject,that is labor-related index(X1) ,the total sown area of crops is selected as the index of labor object(X2) ,the investment in rural water and electricity construction is chosen as the index of tools(X3) ,and the GDP of Anhui Province is denoted by X0. According to the relevant data,the improved model of grey correlation analysis is adopted to calculate the correlation among the investment in agricultural water and electricity construction,total sown area of crops,government investment in agricultural science and technology,and the GDP in Anhui Province during 2004-2008. Results show that investment in agricultural science and technology contribute the largest to GDP growth,the increase and change of the total sown area and the investment in rural water and electricity construction have a weak correlation with GDP,they are in a less consistent development trend. On this basis,the government of Anhui Province further proposes to increase the investment in agricultural science and technology,enhance the protection of arable lands,keep the total sown area of crops,and properly maintain the rural water and electricity construction.
文摘This paper analyzes the effect of input factors on the growth of the agricultural sector in Syria. It estimates the relationship between input factors and agricultural economic growth in Syria using cointegration analysis and Granger causality analysis. The results of the analysis show that： （1） The increase of agriculture labor force and financial support played a vital role in the agricultural economic growth in the long term; （2） The increase in agricultural land and capital investment is significant in promoting agricultural economic growth in the short term; （3） Agricultural capital investment and agriculture labor force are the Granger causes of the agricultural economic growth.
基金National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant (Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2009)
文摘This article conducts empirical analysis of rice growers' behavior of productive capital input and the influencing factors,using the input-output survey data concerning rice growing by 305 peasant households in 2009 in Huanan County and Huachuan County,Jiamusi City,Heilongjiang Province.I use Logit model to carry out econometric test of factors influencing the possibility of fixed productive investment.The test results show that family size,the proportion of non-agricultural employment,the average educational level of households,farmland area,household farming income,credit level,peasant households' expectation of the minimum purchase price of rice,have significant effect on whether to conduct fixed productive investment,whether there are disasters has no significant effect on the scale of peasant households' productive investment.Then I use Tobit model to carry out econometric test of factors influencing the scale of productive capital input.The results show that family size,the proportion of non-agricultural employment,the average educational level of households,farmland area,household farming income,credit level and family housing value,peasant households' expectation of the minimum purchase price of rice,whether there are disasters,have significant effect on the scale of peasant households' productive investment.On the basis of model test results,in order to promote the rice growers to increase fixed productive input and increase productive capital input,rational recommendations are put forward as follows:raising the minimum purchase price of rice,scaling up rice growing,making every effort to promote the educational level of rice growers,ensuring that the rice growers obtain productive capital input loans timely.
文摘On the basis of expounding farmers' behaviors on agricultural technology inputs studied by the foreign scholars; relying on the investigation data of 276 rural households in Deyang City, Sichuan Province and by using the Logistic Regression model, the farmers' behaviors on agricultural technology inputs and the influencing factors on their behaviors are analyzed. The results show the main factors that influence farmers; behaviors on agricultural inputs are whether they have the assistance of agricultural technology personnel; the choices of plantation; non-agricultural income; area of land management; the expectation on land ownership, whether it has township enterprises and the proportion of the non-agricultural labor forces and some other factors. The influencing degree of these factors descends from strong to weak. On the strength of the study results, the countermeasures on increasing local farmers' inputs on agricultural technology are put forward from the aspects of stabilizing rural land property, establishing scientific land transfer mechanism and intensifying the governmental functions of agro-technical station.
基金supported by the Fine Particle Research Initiative in East Asia Considering National Differences Project through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.NRF-2023M3G1A1090660)supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Research(NIER),funded by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea(No.NIER-2023-04-02-056).
文摘PM_(1.0),particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1.0μm,can adversely affect human health.However,fewer stations are capable of measuring PM_(1.0) concentrations than PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in real time(i.e.,only 9 locations for PM_(1.0) vs.623 locations for PM2.5 or PM10)in South Korea,making it impossible to conduct a nationwide health risk analysis of PM_(1.0).Thus,this study aimed to develop a PM_(1.0) prediction model using a random forest algorithm based on PM_(1.0) data from the nine measurement stations and various environmental input factors.Cross validation,in which the model was trained in eight stations and tested in the remaining station,achieved an average R^(2) of 0.913.The high R^(2) value achieved undermutually exclusive training and test locations in the cross validation can be ascribed to the fact that all the locations had similar relationships between PM_(1.0) and the input factors,which were captured by our model.Moreover,results of feature importance analysis showed that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were the two most important input features in predicting PM_(1.0) concentration.Finally,the model was used to estimate the PM_(1.0) concentrations in 623 locations,where input factors such as PM2.5 and PM10 can be obtained.Based on the augmented profile,we identified Seoul and Ansan to be PM_(1.0) concentration hotspots.These regions are large cities or the center of anthropogenic and industrial activities.The proposed model and the augmented PM_(1.0) profiles can be used for large epidemiological studies to understand the health impacts of PM_(1.0).
基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (E0221)Commonweal Foundation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2001DIB20098).
文摘Based on 266 strong ground motion records, an attenuation relationship was developed for both absolute and relative input energy spectra. The comparison of the two kinds of input energy spectra constructed from the attenuation relationship was made in this paper. The results show that there is little difference between the absolute input energy spectra and relative input energy spectra at the periods of 0.5-1.0 s for elastic systems and at the period of 0.5 s for inelastic systems. The absolute input energy spectra are much larger than relative input energy spectra in very short period range but some less than relative input energy spectra in long period range. It is also found that the ductility factor has a significant effect on both absolute and relative input energy spectra. The absolute input energy spectra increase with the increasing of ductility factor in the period range of less than 0.3 s but decrease in the period range of larger than 0.3 s. The absolute input energy spectra for different ductility factor are almost equivalent at the period about 0.3 s, but for relative input energy spectra, the period is about 0.5 s. The effect of ductility on the relative input energy spectra in the short period range is much larger than that on the absolute input energy spectra, especially on the softer site class.
文摘According to data in Nanjing Statistical Yearbook, contribution made by agricultural production factors was analyzed with contribution models of agricultural factors and the results showed that with restriction of labor force and land, Nanjing suburban counties have entered into a stage of ＂high input-high output＂, considering no matter from agricultural total value of output or from agricultural added value. In future, structure configuration of agricultural input factors should be optimized in Nanjing suburban counties by technology input to improve agricultural technology and technical efficiency in order to further achieve sustainable development of agriculture.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore interrelationship between agricultural input and output in Jiangsu and the influence degrees of input factors on agricultur-al output. [Method] Quantitative analysis and evaluation were made on agricultural input and output in Jiangsu during 1990-2012 as per factor analysis and regression analysis. [Result] The result of factor analysis showed that since the 1990s, the comprehensive efficiency of agricultural input/output in Jiangsu was growing and in-put/output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, crop farming, and of food production were extracted, whose scores reflect the changes of input/output ef-ficiencies in terms of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, crop farming and food production in the two decades. The results of regression analysis indicated that the effects of the three indices on agricultural output tended to be volatile and the influence degrees were concluded also by regression parameters. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical references for agricultural input/output structure in Jiangsu Province.
基金Item Sponsored by National Science and Technology Support Plan(863)of China(2008AA042901)
文摘Based on the theory of system energy-saving, a multilevel input-output computational model ot the iron and steel enterprise was established. And one example was calculated using this model to analyze the product energy value, the process of energy consumption and energy consumption per ton of steel of an iron and steel enterprise. The influences of factory layout, steel ratio and production structure are calculated and analyzed. The calculation example indicates that reasonable factory layout is helpful to reduce its transportation energy consumption, decrease loss of heat, improve product rate and reduce environmental contamination; ore to steel ratio and iron to steel ratio decrease at the same degree; the influence of ore to steel ratio on energy intensity per ton is less than that of iron to steel ratio. The lord process product structure has a certain effect on comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel.
基金Supported by project Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (026505027, 036505011)
文摘The estimation of the external quality factor is important for designing coupling devices for the cavities.A new representation of the external quality factor calculations for single-cell cavity coupled to a coaxial transmission line is derived based on analytic analysis and numeric analysis with the help of 3D electromagnetic code,and verified with experimental measurements at room temperature.In logarithmic scale the results for the external quality factor were quasi-linear over the limited range,and the simulated and measured data could be used and extrapolated to the superconducting case.For the unpolished 1.5 GHz 3rd harmonic superconducting cavity,the discrepancy between the evaluation value and measurement result is less than 25% within an acceptable deviation.
基金funded by the Program of China Earthquake Science Data Sharing Platform and the Youth Fund(17404031570521)
文摘In general, the seismic response analysis in earthquake engineering assumes that the vibration parameters of the target and the contact surface of the external media are identical,i. e., single point input. However, earthquake energy has an attenuation phenomenon in wave propagation,so a wide range of soil slopes and the external medium contact surface of different input points on motion are not identical. If we consider single point input only, it may not correspond with reality, so it is necessary to carry out research on multi-point input methods. Based on the 2-D slope model,single-point input and multi-point input are performed respectively to analyze and compare their similarities and differences in the perspectives of the characteristics of seismic response of soil layer and plastic zone distribution to provide a reference for the seismic design of slopes. The results show that in the perspective of soil seismic response analysis,the peak acceleration output and peak velocity output under multi-point input are greater than the peak values under single point input at the same monitoring point,the peak appearing time is also earlier than that of the single point input; in terms of the plastic zone distribution,the multi-point effect is manifested as the presence of more obvious tensile shear failures; in the perspective of safety coefficient,the safety coefficient under each multi-point input is smaller than that of single point input,a difference of about 7 % or so. In summary,multi-point input is more reasonable and practical than single point input,so multi-point input should be considered in seismic design.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41501144 National Key Research and Development Program, No.2016YFA0602801+2 种基金 Guangdong Academy of Sciences Youth Science Foundation, No.qn.ij201501 High-level Leading Talent Introduction Program of GDAS, No.2016GDASRC-0101 Scientific Platform and Innovation Capability Construction Program of GDAS, No.2016GDASPT-0210.
文摘Analysis of carbon emission mechanism based on regional perspectives is an im- portant research method capable of achieving energy savings and emission reductions. Xin- jiang, an important Chinese energy production base, is currently going through a period of strategic opportunities for rapid development. Ensuring stable socio-economic development while achieving energy savings and meeting emission reductions targets, is the key issue currently facing the region. This paper is based on the input-output theory, and conducts a structural decomposition analysis on the factors affecting energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang from 1997 to 2007; this analysis employs a hybrid input-output analysis framework of ＂energy - economy - carbon emissions＂. （1） Xinjiang＇s carbon emissions from energy con- sumption increased from 20.70 million tons in 1997 to 40.34 million tons in 2007; carbon emissions growth was mainly concentrated in the production and processing of energy re- sources, the mining of mineral resources, and the processing industry. （2） The analysis of the direct effects of the influencing factors on carbon emissions showed that the change in per capita GDP, the final demand structure, the population scale, and the production structure were the important factors causing an increase in carbon emissions, while the decrease in carbon emission intensity during this period was the important influencing factor in stopping the growth of carbon emissions. This showed that while the sizes of Xinjiang＇s economy and population were growing, the economic structure had not been effectively optimized and the production technology had not been efficiently improved, resulting in a rapid growth of carbon emissions from energy consumption. （3） The analysis of the indirect effects of the influencing factors of carbon emission showed that the inter-provincial export, fixed capital formation, and the consumption by urban residents had significant influence on the changes in carbon emissions from energy consumption in Xinjiang. （4） The growth of investments in fixed assets of carbon intensive industry sectors, in addition to the growth of inter-provincial exports ofenergy resource products, makes the transfer effect of inter-provincial ＂embodied carbon＂ very significant.
文摘This paper analyzes the citrus input-output efficiency by using the DEA-Malmquist productivity index methods based on the data of six counties in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2013.The result shows that TFP of Jiangxi citrus is at low level overall,but the development is rapid.Technological progress is the driving force to promote productivity growth.Based on the static analysis study of six counties in 2013,it is found that the available input factors on the whole are in an ideal condition,and the citrus input factors in a few counties are redundant.Therefore,according to the results,the following policy recommendations are proposed:speeding up the intensive production of citrus in Jiangxi Province,to maximize the scale effect;adjusting the input ratio of various factors of production,so as to improve the citrus input-output efficiency.
