The search for mechanical properties of materials reached a highly acclaimed level, when indentations could be analysed on the basis of elastic theory for hardness and elastic modulus. The mathematical formulas proved...The search for mechanical properties of materials reached a highly acclaimed level, when indentations could be analysed on the basis of elastic theory for hardness and elastic modulus. The mathematical formulas proved to be very complicated, and various trials were published between the 1900s and 2000s. The development of indentation instruments and the wish to make the application in numerous steps easier, led in 1992 to trials with iterations by using relative values instead of absolute ones. Excessive iterations of computers with 3 + 8 free parameters of the loading and unloading curves became possible and were implemented into the instruments and worldwide standards. The physical formula for hardness was defined as force over area. For the conical, pyramidal, and spherical indenters, one simply took the projected area for the calculation of the indentation depth from the projected area, adjusted it later by the iterations with respect to fused quartz or aluminium as standard materials, and called it “contact height”. Continuously measured indentation loading curves were formulated as loading force over depth square. The unloading curves after release of the indenter used the initial steepness of the pressure relief for the calculation of what was (and is) incorrectly called “Young’s modulus”. But it is not unidirectional. And for the spherical indentations’ loading curve, they defined the indentation force over depth raised to 3/2 (but without R/h correction). They till now (2025) violate the energy law, because they use all applied force for the indenter depth and ignore the obvious sidewise force upon indentation (cf. e.g. the wood cleaving). The various refinements led to more and more complicated formulas that could not be reasonably calculated with them. One decided to use 3 + 8 free-parameter iterations for fitting to the (poor) standards of fused quartz or aluminium. The mechanical values of these were considered to be “true”. This is till now the worldwide standard of DIN-ISO-ASTM-14577, avoiding overcomplicated formulas with their complexity. Some of these are shown in the Introduction Section. By doing so, one avoided the understanding of indentation results on a physical basis. However, we open a simple way to obtain absolute values (though still on the blackbox instrument’s unsuitable force calibration). We do not iterate but calculate algebraically on the basis of the correct, physically deduced exponent of the loading force parabolas with h3/2 instead of false “h2” (for the spherical indentation, there is a calotte-radius over depth correction), and we reveal the physical errors taken up in the official worldwide “14577-Standard”. Importantly, we reveal the hitherto fully overlooked phase transitions under load that are not detectable with the false exponent. Phase-transition twinning is even present and falsifies the iteration standards. Instead of elasticity theory, we use the well-defined geometry of these indentations. By doing so, we reach simple algebraically calculable formulas and find the physical indentation hardness of materials with their onset depth, onset force and energy, as well as their phase-transition energy (temperature dependent also its activation energy). The most important phase transitions are our absolute algebraically calculated results. The now most easily obtained phase transitions under load are very dangerous because they produce polymorph interfaces between the changed and the unchanged material. It was found and published by high-enlargement microscopy (5000-fold) that these trouble spots are the sites for the development of stable, 1 to 2 µm long, micro-cracks (stable for months). If however, a force higher than the one of their formation occurs to them, these grow to catastrophic crash. That works equally with turbulences at the pickle fork of airliners. After the publication of these facts and after three fatal crashing had occurred in a short sequence, FAA (Federal Aviation Agency) reacted by rechecking all airplanes for such micro cracks. These were now found in a new fleet of airliners from where the three crashed ones came. These were previously overlooked. FAA became aware of that risk and grounded 290 (certainly all) of them, because the material of these did not have higher phase-transition onset and energy than other airplanes with better material. They did so despite the 14577-Standard that does not find (and thus formally forbids) phase transitions under indenter load with the false exponent on the indentation parabola. However, this “Standard” will, despite the present author’s well-founded petition, not be corrected for the next 5 years.展开更多
The nuclear spin relaxation rate （l/T1） is measured for GaAs two-dimensional （2D） electron systems in the quantum Hall regime with an all-electrical technique for agitating and probing the nuclear spins. A ＂tilte...The nuclear spin relaxation rate （l/T1） is measured for GaAs two-dimensional （2D） electron systems in the quantum Hall regime with an all-electrical technique for agitating and probing the nuclear spins. A ＂tilted plateau＂ feature is observed near the Landau level filling factor v = 1 in 1/T1 versus v. Both the width and magnitude of the plateau increase with decreasing electron density. At low temperatures, lIT1 exhibits an Arrhenius temperature dependence within the tilted plateau regime. The extracted energy gaps are up to two orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding charge transport gaps. These results point to a nontrivial mechanism for the disorder-enhanced nuclear spin relaxation, in which microscopic inhomogeneities play a key role for the low energy spin excitations related to skyrmions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is highly malignant and frequently metastasizes to bones.Concomitant depression worsens prognosis;however,its incidence and determinants in this specific population remain poorly defined.A...BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is highly malignant and frequently metastasizes to bones.Concomitant depression worsens prognosis;however,its incidence and determinants in this specific population remain poorly defined.AIM To determine the incidence of depression and its independent risk factors in patients with esophageal cancer and bone metastasis.METHODS A total of 100 consecutive eligible patients admitted between March 2022 and March 2025 were recruited.Depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II;scores>4 defined the depression group(n=42)and scores≤4 the non-depression group(n=58).Demographic,clinical,and laboratory variables were compared between the groups.Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors.RESULTS Depression prevalence was 42.0%(42/100).Univariate analysis demonstrated significant differences in monthly per-capita household income,education level,social support,sleep disorders,and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(all P<0.05);no differences were observed in sex,age,tumor characteristics,or other laboratory indices(all P>0.05).Multivariable analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for depression:Low income[odds ratio(OR)=2.66,95%confidence interval(CI):1.17-6.03],low education(OR=2.46,95%CI:1.08-5.61),low social support(OR=5.10,95%CI:1.81-14.39),sleep disorders(OR=2.79,95%CI:1.23-6.35),and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(OR=1.31 per unit increase,95%CI:1.18-1.46).CONCLUSION Depression is common among patients with esophageal cancer and bone metastasis.Low socioeconomic status,limited education,insufficient social support,sleep disturbances,and systemic inflammation were independent predictors.Interventions that address these modifiable factors may reduce depression risk in this population.展开更多
Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of Huoxue Tongmai capsule combined with edaravone right camphor on patients with acute cerebral infarction (Acute Cerebral Infarction) and the effect of combination therapy...Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of Huoxue Tongmai capsule combined with edaravone right camphor on patients with acute cerebral infarction (Acute Cerebral Infarction) and the effect of combination therapy on serum inflammatory factors. Methods: In this study, 90 patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized in Zhuji People’s Hospital from December 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into two groups of 45 patients in each group. The control group used standard medical treatment, and the treatment group compared the changes of serum inflammatory factors IL-CRP, TNF-α, and Hcy with Huoxue Tongmai capsule for 7 days, 14 days and 30 days, and discussed the changes of the modified Rankin scale score (mRS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Results: At 7 days, 14 days, and 30 days of treatment, the NIHSS score, mRS score, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and Hcy levels were statistically significant (P α, and Hcy levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P Conclusion: Patients with acute cerebral infarction received Huoxue Tongmai capsule combined with edaravone right camphor, which can reduce the inflammatory reaction, improve the nerve function and improve the prognosis.展开更多
Loss-of-function variants of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5(LRP5)can lead to reduced bone formation,culminating in diminished bone mass.Our previous study reported transcription factor osterix(SP7)...Loss-of-function variants of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5(LRP5)can lead to reduced bone formation,culminating in diminished bone mass.Our previous study reported transcription factor osterix(SP7)-binding sites on the LRP5 promoter and its pivotal role in upregulating LRP5 expression during implant osseointegration.However,the potential role of SP7 in ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis remained unknown.In this study,we used mice with a conditional knockout(c KO)of LRP5 in mature osteoblasts,which presented decreased osteogenesis.The in vitro experimental results showed that SP7 could promote LRP5 expression,thereby upregulating the osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase(ALP),Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2),andβ-catenin(P<0.05).For the in vivo experiment,the SP7 overexpression virus was injected into a bone defect model of LRP5 c KO mice,resulting in increased bone mineral density(BMD)(P<0.001)and volumetric density(bone volume(BV)/total volume(TV))(P<0.001),and decreased trabecular separation(Tb.Sp)(P<0.05).These data suggested that SP7 could ameliorate bone defect healing in LRP5 c KO mice.Our study provides new insights into potential therapeutic opportunities for ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis.展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)as a first national survey in Indonesia.Methods:This national coverage cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 201...Objective:To analyze the risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)as a first national survey in Indonesia.Methods:This national coverage cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2018.The study subjects were selected using a multi-stage probability random sampling method.MDR-TB is tuberculosis caused by bacteria resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin.The dependent variable was MDR-TB.Independent variables included age,sex,education,employment status,place of residence,history of living with TB patients,and the number of household members.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors associated with MDR-TB.All the data were analyzed using STATA V.14.0(Stata Corp LLC,College Station,TX).Results:This study found the MDR rate was 109/3234(3.4%)among positive pulmonary TB patients.More than twice as many patients had MDR re-treatment(74/3234,2.3%),compared to 35/3234(1.1%)who had new TB diagnoses or were getting initial treatment.After adjusting for employment status,individuals with a prior history of tuberculosis treatment were found to have significantly higher odds of developing MDR-TB,with an odds ratio of 7.22(95%CI 3.87-13.44).Conclusions:Increasing attention should be paid to these patients to prevent MDR-TB,and MDR-TB transmission is an urgent challenge for controlling TB worldwide.Early detection of MDR-TB is a critical part of TB control programs.展开更多
Background:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a refractory disease with limited treatment options.This study investigates the potential anti-PF effects of the herbal formula Yiqi Huatan Sanjie(YQHTSJ)administered via nebulized ...Background:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a refractory disease with limited treatment options.This study investigates the potential anti-PF effects of the herbal formula Yiqi Huatan Sanjie(YQHTSJ)administered via nebulized inhalation,exploring its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The anti-fibrotic properties of nebulized YQHTSJ were assessed using a bleomycin(BLM)-induced PF mouse model.RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs),and subsequent gene enrichment analysis,along with transcription factor(TF)prediction,revealed YQHTSJ-regulated DEGs.Active components and targets of YQHTSJ were retrieved from the HERB database,leading to the identification of key TFs interacting with DEGs.Quercetin,a constituent of YQHTSJ,was evaluated for its effects on transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblast activation and BLM-induced PF.The direct binding interaction between quercetin and the key TF Jun proto-oncogene(JUN)was confirmed through molecular docking studies and the cellular thermal shift assay(CETSA)experiments.Results:Nebulized YQHTSJ was found to significantly inhibit PF and inflammation in the mouse model.RNA sequencing identified 135 DEGs regulated by YQHTSJ,and 27 key TFs associated with these DEGs were predicted.Among YQHTSJ’s potential targets,41 were identified as TFs,with six-JUN,Fos proto-oncogene,MYC proto-oncogene,RELA proto-oncogene,nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1,and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha-recognized as key TFs targeted by YQHTSJ.Molecular docking and CETSA experiments confirmed that quercetin directly targets JUN protein and inhibits its phosphorylation,thereby contributing to the suppression of myofibroblast activation and PF.Conclusion:The potential mechanisms of YQHTSJ and its component quercetin in combating PF may involve the regulation of critical TFs like JUN and the suppression of pathogenic gene expression.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common malignant tumor in the digestive system,whose main treatment comprises surgical resection,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and targeted drug therapy.At present,the radical res...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common malignant tumor in the digestive system,whose main treatment comprises surgical resection,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and targeted drug therapy.At present,the radical resection of CRC is the main way of achieving an early cure.AIM To investigate the logistic regression analysis of bone metastasis after CRC surgery and related influencing factors.METHODS We selected 100 patients who underwent surgery for CRC and were admitted from February 2018 to February 2024,collected the general data of bone metastasis,and collected the pathological characteristics of patients with bone metastasis.Next,we divided them into groups with and without bone metastasis(Bone metastases group,n=44;no bone metastases group,n=56),compared the clinical data of the two groups,and analyzed the risk factors of bone metastasis using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Among the 100 patients,the mean age was 54.33±8.45 years,and most were male(54.55%).The proportion of patients with lytic bone changes was 43.18%.The most common location of combined bone metastasis was the pelvis,whereas only 5 patients had limb transfer.There was a higher incidence of lung than of pancreatic or liver metastases.Regression analysis showed that the primary location of the cancer was rectal cancer.Lymph node involvement,lung metastasis,and no postoperative chemotherapy were the risk factors for postoperative bone metastasis in patients who underwent surgery for CRC(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Rectal cancer,lymph node involvement,complicated pulmonary metastasis,and no postoperative chemotherapy treatment can help predict high risk of bone metastasis in CRC.展开更多
Objective To examine the mechanistic of organochlorine-associated changes in lung function.Methods This study investigated 76 healthy older adults in Jinan,Shandong Province,over a fivemonth period.Personal exposure t...Objective To examine the mechanistic of organochlorine-associated changes in lung function.Methods This study investigated 76 healthy older adults in Jinan,Shandong Province,over a fivemonth period.Personal exposure to organochlorines was quantified using wearable passive samplers,while inflammatory factors and thyroid hormones were analyzed from blood samples.Participants’lung function was evaluated.After stratifying participants according to their thyroid hormone levels,we analyzed the differential effects of organochlorine exposure on lung function and inflammatory factors across the low and high thyroid hormone groups.Mediation analysis was further conducted to elucidate the relationships among organochlorine exposures,inflammatory factors,and lung function.Results Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether(BCIE),was negatively associated with forced vital capacity(FVC,–2.05%,95%CI:–3.11%to–0.97%),and associated with changes in inflammatory factors such as interleukin(IL)-2,IL-7,IL-8,and IL-13 in the low thyroid hormone group.The mediation analysis indicated a mediating effect of IL-2(15.63%,95%CI:0.91%to 44.64%)and IL-13(13.94%,95%CI:0.52%to 41.07%)in the association between BCIE exposure and FVC.Conclusion Lung function and inflammatory factors exhibited an increased sensitivity to organochlorine exposure at lower thyroid hormone levels,with inflammatory factors potentially mediating the adverse effects of organochlorines on lung function.展开更多
The duration of the extratropical transition(ET)of tropical cyclones(TCs)is often closely associated with disaster intensity.Therefore,it is essential to understand the key factors that influence ET duration.Using the...The duration of the extratropical transition(ET)of tropical cyclones(TCs)is often closely associated with disaster intensity.Therefore,it is essential to understand the key factors that influence ET duration.Using the TC best-track data and reanalysis data,this study investigates the structural characteristics and key influencing factors of ET duration in the western North Pacific(WNP)during 1981–2022.Results show that,compared to TCs that undergo ET rapidly(≤12 h),TCs that experience ET slowly(≥24 h)undergo a more prolonged and complex ET process,maintaining a warm core and an upright structure for extended periods.By contrast,TCs undergoing rapid transition experience structural disintegration within 6–12 h after ET onset.Further analysis reveals that TCs with longer ET durations are characterized by stronger warm cores,more abundant moisture,weaker environmental vertical wind shear,slower translation speeds,and a longer residence time over warmer sea surface temperatures(SSTs),all of which support the maintenance of axisymmetric structures with strong warm cores.Environmental and structural factors,including cold-air intensity,vertical wind shear,TC translation speed,SST,relative humidity,TC intensity,the radius of 17 m s^(-1)wind,mean sea level pressure,and the radius of maximum wind,are found to exist significant correlation with ET duration.Cold-air intensity exhibited the highest correlation(r=–0.35),followed by TC translation speed and SST.A relative importance analysis shows that the environmental factors play a more substantial role than the internal TC structure,accounting for about 19.23%of the variance,with TC translation speed and cold-air effects explaining 11.68%.Based on the nine factors,a statistical forecasting model was developed,which shows considerable skill in predicting ET duration.展开更多
Graft failure is the worst complication of organ transplantation.Considering liver transplantation,aminotransferase levels have been demonstrated to be a precursor of severe graft failure,in particular when they excee...Graft failure is the worst complication of organ transplantation.Considering liver transplantation,aminotransferase levels have been demonstrated to be a precursor of severe graft failure,in particular when they exceed 5000 U/L in the immediate post-operation.However,some studies show that the outcome of the transplanted liver is not determinable by biochemistry alone.One of the most relevant studies is the one published by Lazzarotto-da-Silva et al.In this retrospective study,341 transplanted livers are considered.In 25 cases,this severe biochemical insult has been reported.But despite this event,more than half had significant long-term survival.One of the most valuable elements that emerge from this work is the identification of two easily measurable markers-serum factor V and arterial lactate,which independently can indicate the graft's 90-day outcome.This finding provides a key clinical picture to distinguish patients who are most likely to recover from those destined for irreversible graft loss.In a time where organs are increasingly scarce,these discoveries could facilitate more prudent use of retransplantation,improving both individual outcomes and the overall distribution of resources.This study contributes significantly to a deeper understanding of early graft injury,although larger prospective studies are needed.It highlights the need to move beyond singular value thresholds and toward integrated,evidence-based decision making during the crucial early posttransplant period.This study not only captures risk but also provides a tool for intervention.展开更多
Background:Loneliness is a common experience for pregnant women and correlates with perinatal depression and negative pregnancy outcomes.Women experiencing a high-risk pregnancy are at greater risk for loneliness beca...Background:Loneliness is a common experience for pregnant women and correlates with perinatal depression and negative pregnancy outcomes.Women experiencing a high-risk pregnancy are at greater risk for loneliness because of uncertainty with disease and the medicalization of pregnancy.International studies have identified an association between perceived stress and loneliness in pregnant women.The aim of this study is to explore factors related to loneliness among women of high-risk pregnancy,and to examine the associated relationship of loneliness and perceived stress.Methods:Using convenience sampling,109 women with high-risk pregnancies were enrolled.Data collection involved questionnaires on general demographic characteristics,the 6-item Loneliness Scale(ULS-6),and the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS-14).Data analysis was performed using SPSS 28.0 statistical software.Results:The mean loneliness score was 9.95±2.99,and the mean perceived stress score was 22.84±5.80.Women with high-risk pregnancies exhibited statistically significant differences in loneliness scores compared to the control group across among age,marital status,educational attainment,per capita monthly household income,spousal relationship,in-law relationship,and parental relationship(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between loneliness and perceived stress(r=0.456,P<0.01).Multivariate regression analysis indicated that per capita monthly household income,marital relationship,in-law relationship,and perceived stress were the primary factors influencing loneliness among women with high-risk pregnancies(P<0.05).Conclusion:The results highlight the need for specific interventions addressing loneliness among women with high-risk pregnancies.Such interventions should focus on improving spousal and in-law relationships,reducing perceived stress,and implementing support measures,such as financial counseling or assistance programs,for those with lower per capita household income.This study establishes a foundation for the creation of integrated support systems that bring together families and healthcare providers to strengthen maternal mental health.展开更多
The rapid intensification(RI)magnitude of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific(WNP)exhibits significant interannual variability and is influenced by multiple factors across various scales.These factors...The rapid intensification(RI)magnitude of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific(WNP)exhibits significant interannual variability and is influenced by multiple factors across various scales.These factors primarily include:interannual factors—sea surface temperature(SST)in key regions of the WNP,eastern Indian Ocean SST,El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),South Pacific Subtropical Dipole(SPSD),and western Pacific teleconnection;decadal factors—Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO);and longer-term factor—global warming.This study systematically analyzes these factors and their potential impacts,quantitatively assessing their relative importance.A statistical prediction model for the WNP TC-RI magnitude is developed based on ridge regression methods.The results indicate that the influence of these factors on the RI magnitude is closely related to the large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic conditions.Among them,the SPSD plays the most critical role in the interannual variability of the RI magnitude,followed by global warming and the AMO.Further analysis reveals that the statistical prediction model based on multiple factors demonstrates good predictive skill for the interannual variability of the TC RI magnitude.展开更多
Food allergies are abnormal immune responses triggered by specific foods,affecting the quality of life of millions of people worldwide.In recent years,the prevalence of food allergies has increased significantly,espec...Food allergies are abnormal immune responses triggered by specific foods,affecting the quality of life of millions of people worldwide.In recent years,the prevalence of food allergies has increased significantly,especially in Westernized countries,prompting the scientific community to explore the complex mechanisms behind them.Dietary patterns and specific dietary components are important factors related to the occurrence,development,and prevention of food allergies.Studies have shown that the Mediterranean diet,which is high in fiber,rich in antioxidants,and healthy fats,shows potential protective effects by promoting the balance of intestinal flora,maintaining the intestinal barrier,and regulating immunity.In contrast,a high-fat,high-sugar,low-fiber Western diet is associated with an increased risk of allergies.Key dietary components such as omega-3 fatty acids,dietary fiber,vitamins A,D,and E,and bioactive substances such as quercetin and curcumin can regulate immune tolerance through multiple pathways,including epigenetic regulation and affecting mitochondrial function.However,advanced glycation end products(AGEs),emulsifiers,artificial sweeteners produced by food processing,and pesticide residues(such as glyphosate)may damage the intestinal barrier,disrupt the flora,and increase the risk of allergies.This review explored the risk and protective factors for food allergies from a dietary perspective,thus benefiting the progress of intervention and therapy of food allergy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peritoneal lavage cytology-positive(CY1)gastric cancer(stage IV)has a poor prognosis,though some cases fare better.Therefore,identifying prognostic factors and an optimal treatment strategy is crucial.AIM T...BACKGROUND Peritoneal lavage cytology-positive(CY1)gastric cancer(stage IV)has a poor prognosis,though some cases fare better.Therefore,identifying prognostic factors and an optimal treatment strategy is crucial.AIM To investigate prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy with CY1,and to evaluate the optimal postoperative chemotherapy regimen.METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study analyzed prognostic factors and postoperative chemotherapy in patients with CY1 gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy,excluding those with macroscopic peritoneal dissemination.Data from 13 institutions(2015-2019)were reviewed.RESULTS Overall,82 patients met the inclusion criteria.The median overall survival was 22.8 months,and diffuse-type histology and the absence of postoperative chemotherapy were identified as independent poor prognostic factors.The 5-year survival rate was 82.4%for those receiving fluoropyrimidine plus docetaxel/oxaliplatin vs 21.8%for those with S-1 monotherapy or a cisplatin-based regimen.Median overall survival was not reached in the fluoropyrimidine+docetaxel/oxaliplatin group but was 22.9 months in the S-1/cisplatin group.Chemotherapy regimen was an independent prognostic factor(hazard ratio=5.47,P=0.004).The fluoropyrimidine plus docetaxel/oxaliplatin group had an average relative dose intensity of 82.1%,with significantly more patients achieving a relative dose intensity≥80%than in the S-1 monotherapy or cisplatin-based group(P=0.001).CONCLUSION Diffuse-type histology and the absence of postoperative chemotherapy influence the prognosis of patients with CY1 gastric cancer.Combination therapy with oxaliplatin or docetaxel may enhance the treatment intensity and improve survival outcomes after gastrectomy.展开更多
High-quality reservoirs with sufficient physical properties of ultra-deep tight gas reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation exhibit significant relationship with gas production across the Dabei Gas Fi...High-quality reservoirs with sufficient physical properties of ultra-deep tight gas reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation exhibit significant relationship with gas production across the Dabei Gas Field.Clarifying the characteristics,controlling factors,evolution and distribution of the high-quality reservoirs is important for the deployment of"sweet spots".An integrated approach of petrography,SEM,cathode luminescence,XRD,physical property,NMR experiment,well logs and 3D pre-stack depth migration data was carried out.This study examined the sedimentation,diagenesis,tectonism,gypsumrock and overpressure to reveal the formation and distribution of the high-quality reservoirs.The sandstones are very fine-to coarse-grained lithic arkose.The variation in detrital grains texture and mineralogical composition affects diagenetic evolution,pore structure and gas-bearing characteristic.Three diagenetic facies(diagenetic facies A to C)are classified.Different diagenetic facies underwent different evolution of reservoir quality.The medium-fine to medium-grained lithic arkose(diagenetic facies A)underwent medium vertical compaction,tectonic compression and cementation,and exhibited relatively porous,which makes partial primary pores preserved with the occurrence and persistence of overpressure.Conversely,the very fine to fine-grained and mud gravel-rich medium-grained lithic arkose(diagenetic facies B)and diagenetic facies C appeared premature densification by strong compaction and tight carbonate cementation,respectively,which makes them free from overpressure effects.Natural fractures increased the permeability by several orders of magnitude.Gypsum-rock weakened the vertical compaction and tectonic compression,and delayed cementation,promoted and preserved overpressure.With the injection of internal high alkaline fluids,anhydrite/dolomite cements/veins and dissolution of siliceous developed.Diagenetic facies A exhibited sufficient physical properties and gas volume,making it the high-quality reservoir in tight gas sandstone.Diagenetic facies B and C mainly were used as barriers for hydrocarbon charging.Diagenetic facies A was mainly distributed in the middle-lower part of distributary channel or the middle-upper part of mouth bar.This distribution model provides guidance for exploration in ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoir.展开更多
Bone has long been acknowledged as a fundamental structural entity that provides support and protection to the body’s organs.However,emerging research indicates that bone plays a crucial role in the regulation of sys...Bone has long been acknowledged as a fundamental structural entity that provides support and protection to the body’s organs.However,emerging research indicates that bone plays a crucial role in the regulation of systemic metabolism.This is achieved through the secretion of a variety of hormones,cytokines,metal ions,extracellular vesicles,and other proteins/peptides,collectively referred to as bone-derived factors(BDFs).BDFs act as a medium through which bones can exert targeted regulatory functions upon various organs,thereby underscoring the profound and concrete implications of bone in human physiology.Nevertheless,there remains a pressing need for further investigations to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that inform the effects of bone on other body systems.This review aims to summarize the current findings related to the roles of these significant modulators across different organs and metabolic contexts by regulating critical genes and signaling pathways in vivo.It also addresses their involvement in the pathogenesis of various diseases affecting the musculoskeletal system,circulatory system,glucose and lipid metabolism,central nervous system,urinary system,and reproductive system.The insights gained from this review may contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies through a focused approach to bone secretomes.Continued research into BDFs is expected to enhance our understanding of bone as a multifunctional organ with diverse regulatory roles in human health.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Shisiwei Jianzhong decoction(十四味建中汤,SJD)on non-severe aplastic anemia(NSAA).METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)were isolated from bone marrow samples of 15 NS...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Shisiwei Jianzhong decoction(十四味建中汤,SJD)on non-severe aplastic anemia(NSAA).METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)were isolated from bone marrow samples of 15 NSAA patients and 3 healthy controls.Cells were treated with gradient concentrations of SJD,and a portion was transfected with a vector overexpressing the nuclear factor of activated T cells,cytoplasmic 4(NFATC4).Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry,respectively.After adipogenic differentiation induction,lipid droplet formation in BMSCs was examined by Oil Red O staining.The expression of NFATC4,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG),fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator(PGC-1α),and acetylated PGC-1αwas measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot.RESULTS:SJD significantly increased the viability and decreased the apoptosis of NSAA-derived BMSCs.It also dose-dependently inhibited lipid droplet formation and decreased the expression of PPARG and FABP4 in NSAA-derived BMSCs.NFATC4 expression was higher in patients with NSAA than in healthy controls,and SJD downregulated its expression.NFATC4 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of SJD on adipogenic differentiation.Additionally,SJD promoted the deacetylation of PGC-1αin NSAA-derived BMSCs,which was also partially eliminated by NFATC4 overexpression.CONCLUSIONS:SJD inhibits adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through downregulating NFATC4,thereby contributing to the remission of NSAA.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of disability and death.Despite advances in modern medical technology that improve acute treatment and rehabilitation measures,post-stroke anxiety and dep...BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of disability and death.Despite advances in modern medical technology that improve acute treatment and rehabilitation measures,post-stroke anxiety and depression(PSD)do not receive sufficient attention.AIM To systematically evaluate risk factors and early identification markers for PSD for more precise screening and intervention strategies in clinical practice.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 112 patients with ischemic stroke admitted between January 2022 and December 2024.Based on assessments using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAMA)and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)at 2 weeks(±3 days)post-stroke,patients were classified into the PSD group(HAMA≥7 and/or HAMD≥7)and the non-PSD group(HAMA<7 and HAMD<7).Observation indicators included psychological assessment,demographic and clinical characteristics,stroke-related clinical indicators,neuroimaging assessments,and laboratory biomarkers.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for PSD,and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of potential biomarkers.RESULTS Of the 112 patients,46(41.1%)were diagnosed with PSD.Multivariate analysis identified five independent risk factors:Female gender[Odds ratio(OR)=2.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.56-3.45],history of mental disorders prior to stroke(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.89-5.32),infarct location in the frontal lobe or limbic system(OR=2.86,95%CI:1.73-4.71),stroke severity with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale≥8 at admission(OR=2.54,95%CI:1.62-3.99),and low social support(Social Support Rating Scale<35,OR=2.18,95%CI:1.42-3.36).Subgroup analysis showed that depression patients more commonly had left hemisphere lesions(68.4%vs 45.2%),while anxiety patients more frequently presented with right hemisphere lesions(59.5%vs 39.5%).The PSD group exhibited larger infarct volumes(8.7 cm^(3) vs 5.3 cm^(3)),more severe white matter hyperintensities,and more pronounced frontal lobe atrophy.Analysis of inflammatory markers showed significantly elevated levels of interleukin-6(7.8 pg/mL vs 4.5 pg/mL)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(15.6 pg/mL vs 9.8 pg/mL)in the PSD group,while hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis function assessment revealed higher cortisol levels(386.5±92.3 nmol/L vs 328.7±75.6 nmol/L)and flattened diurnal rhythm in the PSD group.CONCLUSION PSD is a complex neuropsychiatric consequence of stroke involving disruption of the frontal-limbic circuitry,neuroinflammatory responses,and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.展开更多
文摘The search for mechanical properties of materials reached a highly acclaimed level, when indentations could be analysed on the basis of elastic theory for hardness and elastic modulus. The mathematical formulas proved to be very complicated, and various trials were published between the 1900s and 2000s. The development of indentation instruments and the wish to make the application in numerous steps easier, led in 1992 to trials with iterations by using relative values instead of absolute ones. Excessive iterations of computers with 3 + 8 free parameters of the loading and unloading curves became possible and were implemented into the instruments and worldwide standards. The physical formula for hardness was defined as force over area. For the conical, pyramidal, and spherical indenters, one simply took the projected area for the calculation of the indentation depth from the projected area, adjusted it later by the iterations with respect to fused quartz or aluminium as standard materials, and called it “contact height”. Continuously measured indentation loading curves were formulated as loading force over depth square. The unloading curves after release of the indenter used the initial steepness of the pressure relief for the calculation of what was (and is) incorrectly called “Young’s modulus”. But it is not unidirectional. And for the spherical indentations’ loading curve, they defined the indentation force over depth raised to 3/2 (but without R/h correction). They till now (2025) violate the energy law, because they use all applied force for the indenter depth and ignore the obvious sidewise force upon indentation (cf. e.g. the wood cleaving). The various refinements led to more and more complicated formulas that could not be reasonably calculated with them. One decided to use 3 + 8 free-parameter iterations for fitting to the (poor) standards of fused quartz or aluminium. The mechanical values of these were considered to be “true”. This is till now the worldwide standard of DIN-ISO-ASTM-14577, avoiding overcomplicated formulas with their complexity. Some of these are shown in the Introduction Section. By doing so, one avoided the understanding of indentation results on a physical basis. However, we open a simple way to obtain absolute values (though still on the blackbox instrument’s unsuitable force calibration). We do not iterate but calculate algebraically on the basis of the correct, physically deduced exponent of the loading force parabolas with h3/2 instead of false “h2” (for the spherical indentation, there is a calotte-radius over depth correction), and we reveal the physical errors taken up in the official worldwide “14577-Standard”. Importantly, we reveal the hitherto fully overlooked phase transitions under load that are not detectable with the false exponent. Phase-transition twinning is even present and falsifies the iteration standards. Instead of elasticity theory, we use the well-defined geometry of these indentations. By doing so, we reach simple algebraically calculable formulas and find the physical indentation hardness of materials with their onset depth, onset force and energy, as well as their phase-transition energy (temperature dependent also its activation energy). The most important phase transitions are our absolute algebraically calculated results. The now most easily obtained phase transitions under load are very dangerous because they produce polymorph interfaces between the changed and the unchanged material. It was found and published by high-enlargement microscopy (5000-fold) that these trouble spots are the sites for the development of stable, 1 to 2 µm long, micro-cracks (stable for months). If however, a force higher than the one of their formation occurs to them, these grow to catastrophic crash. That works equally with turbulences at the pickle fork of airliners. After the publication of these facts and after three fatal crashing had occurred in a short sequence, FAA (Federal Aviation Agency) reacted by rechecking all airplanes for such micro cracks. These were now found in a new fleet of airliners from where the three crashed ones came. These were previously overlooked. FAA became aware of that risk and grounded 290 (certainly all) of them, because the material of these did not have higher phase-transition onset and energy than other airplanes with better material. They did so despite the 14577-Standard that does not find (and thus formally forbids) phase transitions under indenter load with the false exponent on the indentation parabola. However, this “Standard” will, despite the present author’s well-founded petition, not be corrected for the next 5 years.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB921703 and 2015CB921102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91121003,11374337,and 61425015)the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the BMBF,and the German–Israel Foundation
文摘The nuclear spin relaxation rate （l/T1） is measured for GaAs two-dimensional （2D） electron systems in the quantum Hall regime with an all-electrical technique for agitating and probing the nuclear spins. A ＂tilted plateau＂ feature is observed near the Landau level filling factor v = 1 in 1/T1 versus v. Both the width and magnitude of the plateau increase with decreasing electron density. At low temperatures, lIT1 exhibits an Arrhenius temperature dependence within the tilted plateau regime. The extracted energy gaps are up to two orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding charge transport gaps. These results point to a nontrivial mechanism for the disorder-enhanced nuclear spin relaxation, in which microscopic inhomogeneities play a key role for the low energy spin excitations related to skyrmions.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is highly malignant and frequently metastasizes to bones.Concomitant depression worsens prognosis;however,its incidence and determinants in this specific population remain poorly defined.AIM To determine the incidence of depression and its independent risk factors in patients with esophageal cancer and bone metastasis.METHODS A total of 100 consecutive eligible patients admitted between March 2022 and March 2025 were recruited.Depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II;scores>4 defined the depression group(n=42)and scores≤4 the non-depression group(n=58).Demographic,clinical,and laboratory variables were compared between the groups.Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors.RESULTS Depression prevalence was 42.0%(42/100).Univariate analysis demonstrated significant differences in monthly per-capita household income,education level,social support,sleep disorders,and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(all P<0.05);no differences were observed in sex,age,tumor characteristics,or other laboratory indices(all P>0.05).Multivariable analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for depression:Low income[odds ratio(OR)=2.66,95%confidence interval(CI):1.17-6.03],low education(OR=2.46,95%CI:1.08-5.61),low social support(OR=5.10,95%CI:1.81-14.39),sleep disorders(OR=2.79,95%CI:1.23-6.35),and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(OR=1.31 per unit increase,95%CI:1.18-1.46).CONCLUSION Depression is common among patients with esophageal cancer and bone metastasis.Low socioeconomic status,limited education,insufficient social support,sleep disturbances,and systemic inflammation were independent predictors.Interventions that address these modifiable factors may reduce depression risk in this population.
文摘Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of Huoxue Tongmai capsule combined with edaravone right camphor on patients with acute cerebral infarction (Acute Cerebral Infarction) and the effect of combination therapy on serum inflammatory factors. Methods: In this study, 90 patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized in Zhuji People’s Hospital from December 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into two groups of 45 patients in each group. The control group used standard medical treatment, and the treatment group compared the changes of serum inflammatory factors IL-CRP, TNF-α, and Hcy with Huoxue Tongmai capsule for 7 days, 14 days and 30 days, and discussed the changes of the modified Rankin scale score (mRS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Results: At 7 days, 14 days, and 30 days of treatment, the NIHSS score, mRS score, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and Hcy levels were statistically significant (P α, and Hcy levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P Conclusion: Patients with acute cerebral infarction received Huoxue Tongmai capsule combined with edaravone right camphor, which can reduce the inflammatory reaction, improve the nerve function and improve the prognosis.
文摘Loss-of-function variants of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5(LRP5)can lead to reduced bone formation,culminating in diminished bone mass.Our previous study reported transcription factor osterix(SP7)-binding sites on the LRP5 promoter and its pivotal role in upregulating LRP5 expression during implant osseointegration.However,the potential role of SP7 in ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis remained unknown.In this study,we used mice with a conditional knockout(c KO)of LRP5 in mature osteoblasts,which presented decreased osteogenesis.The in vitro experimental results showed that SP7 could promote LRP5 expression,thereby upregulating the osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase(ALP),Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2),andβ-catenin(P<0.05).For the in vivo experiment,the SP7 overexpression virus was injected into a bone defect model of LRP5 c KO mice,resulting in increased bone mineral density(BMD)(P<0.001)and volumetric density(bone volume(BV)/total volume(TV))(P<0.001),and decreased trabecular separation(Tb.Sp)(P<0.05).These data suggested that SP7 could ameliorate bone defect healing in LRP5 c KO mice.Our study provides new insights into potential therapeutic opportunities for ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development(TB Alliance)the Global Fund(No.:HK.05.01/1/34.3/2018)the World Health Organization(WHO).
文摘Objective:To analyze the risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)as a first national survey in Indonesia.Methods:This national coverage cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2018.The study subjects were selected using a multi-stage probability random sampling method.MDR-TB is tuberculosis caused by bacteria resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin.The dependent variable was MDR-TB.Independent variables included age,sex,education,employment status,place of residence,history of living with TB patients,and the number of household members.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors associated with MDR-TB.All the data were analyzed using STATA V.14.0(Stata Corp LLC,College Station,TX).Results:This study found the MDR rate was 109/3234(3.4%)among positive pulmonary TB patients.More than twice as many patients had MDR re-treatment(74/3234,2.3%),compared to 35/3234(1.1%)who had new TB diagnoses or were getting initial treatment.After adjusting for employment status,individuals with a prior history of tuberculosis treatment were found to have significantly higher odds of developing MDR-TB,with an odds ratio of 7.22(95%CI 3.87-13.44).Conclusions:Increasing attention should be paid to these patients to prevent MDR-TB,and MDR-TB transmission is an urgent challenge for controlling TB worldwide.Early detection of MDR-TB is a critical part of TB control programs.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant(2023A1515011243)National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(82004141)+2 种基金Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Foundation under Grant(2022KJCX-ZJZL-11)Science,Technology,and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality under Grant(JCYJ20190808160407500)Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Research Program under Grant(BAZYY20220701).
文摘Background:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a refractory disease with limited treatment options.This study investigates the potential anti-PF effects of the herbal formula Yiqi Huatan Sanjie(YQHTSJ)administered via nebulized inhalation,exploring its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The anti-fibrotic properties of nebulized YQHTSJ were assessed using a bleomycin(BLM)-induced PF mouse model.RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs),and subsequent gene enrichment analysis,along with transcription factor(TF)prediction,revealed YQHTSJ-regulated DEGs.Active components and targets of YQHTSJ were retrieved from the HERB database,leading to the identification of key TFs interacting with DEGs.Quercetin,a constituent of YQHTSJ,was evaluated for its effects on transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblast activation and BLM-induced PF.The direct binding interaction between quercetin and the key TF Jun proto-oncogene(JUN)was confirmed through molecular docking studies and the cellular thermal shift assay(CETSA)experiments.Results:Nebulized YQHTSJ was found to significantly inhibit PF and inflammation in the mouse model.RNA sequencing identified 135 DEGs regulated by YQHTSJ,and 27 key TFs associated with these DEGs were predicted.Among YQHTSJ’s potential targets,41 were identified as TFs,with six-JUN,Fos proto-oncogene,MYC proto-oncogene,RELA proto-oncogene,nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1,and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha-recognized as key TFs targeted by YQHTSJ.Molecular docking and CETSA experiments confirmed that quercetin directly targets JUN protein and inhibits its phosphorylation,thereby contributing to the suppression of myofibroblast activation and PF.Conclusion:The potential mechanisms of YQHTSJ and its component quercetin in combating PF may involve the regulation of critical TFs like JUN and the suppression of pathogenic gene expression.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common malignant tumor in the digestive system,whose main treatment comprises surgical resection,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and targeted drug therapy.At present,the radical resection of CRC is the main way of achieving an early cure.AIM To investigate the logistic regression analysis of bone metastasis after CRC surgery and related influencing factors.METHODS We selected 100 patients who underwent surgery for CRC and were admitted from February 2018 to February 2024,collected the general data of bone metastasis,and collected the pathological characteristics of patients with bone metastasis.Next,we divided them into groups with and without bone metastasis(Bone metastases group,n=44;no bone metastases group,n=56),compared the clinical data of the two groups,and analyzed the risk factors of bone metastasis using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Among the 100 patients,the mean age was 54.33±8.45 years,and most were male(54.55%).The proportion of patients with lytic bone changes was 43.18%.The most common location of combined bone metastasis was the pelvis,whereas only 5 patients had limb transfer.There was a higher incidence of lung than of pancreatic or liver metastases.Regression analysis showed that the primary location of the cancer was rectal cancer.Lymph node involvement,lung metastasis,and no postoperative chemotherapy were the risk factors for postoperative bone metastasis in patients who underwent surgery for CRC(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Rectal cancer,lymph node involvement,complicated pulmonary metastasis,and no postoperative chemotherapy treatment can help predict high risk of bone metastasis in CRC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3702700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82025030)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control of China(No.DQGG0401)。
文摘Objective To examine the mechanistic of organochlorine-associated changes in lung function.Methods This study investigated 76 healthy older adults in Jinan,Shandong Province,over a fivemonth period.Personal exposure to organochlorines was quantified using wearable passive samplers,while inflammatory factors and thyroid hormones were analyzed from blood samples.Participants’lung function was evaluated.After stratifying participants according to their thyroid hormone levels,we analyzed the differential effects of organochlorine exposure on lung function and inflammatory factors across the low and high thyroid hormone groups.Mediation analysis was further conducted to elucidate the relationships among organochlorine exposures,inflammatory factors,and lung function.Results Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether(BCIE),was negatively associated with forced vital capacity(FVC,–2.05%,95%CI:–3.11%to–0.97%),and associated with changes in inflammatory factors such as interleukin(IL)-2,IL-7,IL-8,and IL-13 in the low thyroid hormone group.The mediation analysis indicated a mediating effect of IL-2(15.63%,95%CI:0.91%to 44.64%)and IL-13(13.94%,95%CI:0.52%to 41.07%)in the association between BCIE exposure and FVC.Conclusion Lung function and inflammatory factors exhibited an increased sensitivity to organochlorine exposure at lower thyroid hormone levels,with inflammatory factors potentially mediating the adverse effects of organochlorines on lung function.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3004200)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(23DZ1204703)。
文摘The duration of the extratropical transition(ET)of tropical cyclones(TCs)is often closely associated with disaster intensity.Therefore,it is essential to understand the key factors that influence ET duration.Using the TC best-track data and reanalysis data,this study investigates the structural characteristics and key influencing factors of ET duration in the western North Pacific(WNP)during 1981–2022.Results show that,compared to TCs that undergo ET rapidly(≤12 h),TCs that experience ET slowly(≥24 h)undergo a more prolonged and complex ET process,maintaining a warm core and an upright structure for extended periods.By contrast,TCs undergoing rapid transition experience structural disintegration within 6–12 h after ET onset.Further analysis reveals that TCs with longer ET durations are characterized by stronger warm cores,more abundant moisture,weaker environmental vertical wind shear,slower translation speeds,and a longer residence time over warmer sea surface temperatures(SSTs),all of which support the maintenance of axisymmetric structures with strong warm cores.Environmental and structural factors,including cold-air intensity,vertical wind shear,TC translation speed,SST,relative humidity,TC intensity,the radius of 17 m s^(-1)wind,mean sea level pressure,and the radius of maximum wind,are found to exist significant correlation with ET duration.Cold-air intensity exhibited the highest correlation(r=–0.35),followed by TC translation speed and SST.A relative importance analysis shows that the environmental factors play a more substantial role than the internal TC structure,accounting for about 19.23%of the variance,with TC translation speed and cold-air effects explaining 11.68%.Based on the nine factors,a statistical forecasting model was developed,which shows considerable skill in predicting ET duration.
文摘Graft failure is the worst complication of organ transplantation.Considering liver transplantation,aminotransferase levels have been demonstrated to be a precursor of severe graft failure,in particular when they exceed 5000 U/L in the immediate post-operation.However,some studies show that the outcome of the transplanted liver is not determinable by biochemistry alone.One of the most relevant studies is the one published by Lazzarotto-da-Silva et al.In this retrospective study,341 transplanted livers are considered.In 25 cases,this severe biochemical insult has been reported.But despite this event,more than half had significant long-term survival.One of the most valuable elements that emerge from this work is the identification of two easily measurable markers-serum factor V and arterial lactate,which independently can indicate the graft's 90-day outcome.This finding provides a key clinical picture to distinguish patients who are most likely to recover from those destined for irreversible graft loss.In a time where organs are increasingly scarce,these discoveries could facilitate more prudent use of retransplantation,improving both individual outcomes and the overall distribution of resources.This study contributes significantly to a deeper understanding of early graft injury,although larger prospective studies are needed.It highlights the need to move beyond singular value thresholds and toward integrated,evidence-based decision making during the crucial early posttransplant period.This study not only captures risk but also provides a tool for intervention.
文摘Background:Loneliness is a common experience for pregnant women and correlates with perinatal depression and negative pregnancy outcomes.Women experiencing a high-risk pregnancy are at greater risk for loneliness because of uncertainty with disease and the medicalization of pregnancy.International studies have identified an association between perceived stress and loneliness in pregnant women.The aim of this study is to explore factors related to loneliness among women of high-risk pregnancy,and to examine the associated relationship of loneliness and perceived stress.Methods:Using convenience sampling,109 women with high-risk pregnancies were enrolled.Data collection involved questionnaires on general demographic characteristics,the 6-item Loneliness Scale(ULS-6),and the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS-14).Data analysis was performed using SPSS 28.0 statistical software.Results:The mean loneliness score was 9.95±2.99,and the mean perceived stress score was 22.84±5.80.Women with high-risk pregnancies exhibited statistically significant differences in loneliness scores compared to the control group across among age,marital status,educational attainment,per capita monthly household income,spousal relationship,in-law relationship,and parental relationship(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between loneliness and perceived stress(r=0.456,P<0.01).Multivariate regression analysis indicated that per capita monthly household income,marital relationship,in-law relationship,and perceived stress were the primary factors influencing loneliness among women with high-risk pregnancies(P<0.05).Conclusion:The results highlight the need for specific interventions addressing loneliness among women with high-risk pregnancies.Such interventions should focus on improving spousal and in-law relationships,reducing perceived stress,and implementing support measures,such as financial counseling or assistance programs,for those with lower per capita household income.This study establishes a foundation for the creation of integrated support systems that bring together families and healthcare providers to strengthen maternal mental health.
基金Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41875114)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(23DZ1204703)。
文摘The rapid intensification(RI)magnitude of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific(WNP)exhibits significant interannual variability and is influenced by multiple factors across various scales.These factors primarily include:interannual factors—sea surface temperature(SST)in key regions of the WNP,eastern Indian Ocean SST,El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),South Pacific Subtropical Dipole(SPSD),and western Pacific teleconnection;decadal factors—Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO);and longer-term factor—global warming.This study systematically analyzes these factors and their potential impacts,quantitatively assessing their relative importance.A statistical prediction model for the WNP TC-RI magnitude is developed based on ridge regression methods.The results indicate that the influence of these factors on the RI magnitude is closely related to the large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic conditions.Among them,the SPSD plays the most critical role in the interannual variability of the RI magnitude,followed by global warming and the AMO.Further analysis reveals that the statistical prediction model based on multiple factors demonstrates good predictive skill for the interannual variability of the TC RI magnitude.
基金the financial support received from the Open Project of National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(No.2024-KFKT-009)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Provincial Administration for Market Regulation(No.ZD2024001).
文摘Food allergies are abnormal immune responses triggered by specific foods,affecting the quality of life of millions of people worldwide.In recent years,the prevalence of food allergies has increased significantly,especially in Westernized countries,prompting the scientific community to explore the complex mechanisms behind them.Dietary patterns and specific dietary components are important factors related to the occurrence,development,and prevention of food allergies.Studies have shown that the Mediterranean diet,which is high in fiber,rich in antioxidants,and healthy fats,shows potential protective effects by promoting the balance of intestinal flora,maintaining the intestinal barrier,and regulating immunity.In contrast,a high-fat,high-sugar,low-fiber Western diet is associated with an increased risk of allergies.Key dietary components such as omega-3 fatty acids,dietary fiber,vitamins A,D,and E,and bioactive substances such as quercetin and curcumin can regulate immune tolerance through multiple pathways,including epigenetic regulation and affecting mitochondrial function.However,advanced glycation end products(AGEs),emulsifiers,artificial sweeteners produced by food processing,and pesticide residues(such as glyphosate)may damage the intestinal barrier,disrupt the flora,and increase the risk of allergies.This review explored the risk and protective factors for food allergies from a dietary perspective,thus benefiting the progress of intervention and therapy of food allergy.
文摘BACKGROUND Peritoneal lavage cytology-positive(CY1)gastric cancer(stage IV)has a poor prognosis,though some cases fare better.Therefore,identifying prognostic factors and an optimal treatment strategy is crucial.AIM To investigate prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy with CY1,and to evaluate the optimal postoperative chemotherapy regimen.METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study analyzed prognostic factors and postoperative chemotherapy in patients with CY1 gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy,excluding those with macroscopic peritoneal dissemination.Data from 13 institutions(2015-2019)were reviewed.RESULTS Overall,82 patients met the inclusion criteria.The median overall survival was 22.8 months,and diffuse-type histology and the absence of postoperative chemotherapy were identified as independent poor prognostic factors.The 5-year survival rate was 82.4%for those receiving fluoropyrimidine plus docetaxel/oxaliplatin vs 21.8%for those with S-1 monotherapy or a cisplatin-based regimen.Median overall survival was not reached in the fluoropyrimidine+docetaxel/oxaliplatin group but was 22.9 months in the S-1/cisplatin group.Chemotherapy regimen was an independent prognostic factor(hazard ratio=5.47,P=0.004).The fluoropyrimidine plus docetaxel/oxaliplatin group had an average relative dose intensity of 82.1%,with significantly more patients achieving a relative dose intensity≥80%than in the S-1 monotherapy or cisplatin-based group(P=0.001).CONCLUSION Diffuse-type histology and the absence of postoperative chemotherapy influence the prognosis of patients with CY1 gastric cancer.Combination therapy with oxaliplatin or docetaxel may enhance the treatment intensity and improve survival outcomes after gastrectomy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(No.U21B2062).
文摘High-quality reservoirs with sufficient physical properties of ultra-deep tight gas reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation exhibit significant relationship with gas production across the Dabei Gas Field.Clarifying the characteristics,controlling factors,evolution and distribution of the high-quality reservoirs is important for the deployment of"sweet spots".An integrated approach of petrography,SEM,cathode luminescence,XRD,physical property,NMR experiment,well logs and 3D pre-stack depth migration data was carried out.This study examined the sedimentation,diagenesis,tectonism,gypsumrock and overpressure to reveal the formation and distribution of the high-quality reservoirs.The sandstones are very fine-to coarse-grained lithic arkose.The variation in detrital grains texture and mineralogical composition affects diagenetic evolution,pore structure and gas-bearing characteristic.Three diagenetic facies(diagenetic facies A to C)are classified.Different diagenetic facies underwent different evolution of reservoir quality.The medium-fine to medium-grained lithic arkose(diagenetic facies A)underwent medium vertical compaction,tectonic compression and cementation,and exhibited relatively porous,which makes partial primary pores preserved with the occurrence and persistence of overpressure.Conversely,the very fine to fine-grained and mud gravel-rich medium-grained lithic arkose(diagenetic facies B)and diagenetic facies C appeared premature densification by strong compaction and tight carbonate cementation,respectively,which makes them free from overpressure effects.Natural fractures increased the permeability by several orders of magnitude.Gypsum-rock weakened the vertical compaction and tectonic compression,and delayed cementation,promoted and preserved overpressure.With the injection of internal high alkaline fluids,anhydrite/dolomite cements/veins and dissolution of siliceous developed.Diagenetic facies A exhibited sufficient physical properties and gas volume,making it the high-quality reservoir in tight gas sandstone.Diagenetic facies B and C mainly were used as barriers for hydrocarbon charging.Diagenetic facies A was mainly distributed in the middle-lower part of distributary channel or the middle-upper part of mouth bar.This distribution model provides guidance for exploration in ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoir.
基金supported, in part, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants (82430078, 82261160395, 82230081, 82004395, 82302767)the Shenzhen Medical Research Funds (B2402033, C2401029)+5 种基金the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program (JCYJ20220818100617036)the National Key Research and Development Program of China Grants (2019YFA0906004)the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Council Grant (2017B030301018)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment Grant (ZDSYS20140509142721429)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2024AFB610)the Science Foundation of Wuhan Union Hospital (2022xhyn032)
文摘Bone has long been acknowledged as a fundamental structural entity that provides support and protection to the body’s organs.However,emerging research indicates that bone plays a crucial role in the regulation of systemic metabolism.This is achieved through the secretion of a variety of hormones,cytokines,metal ions,extracellular vesicles,and other proteins/peptides,collectively referred to as bone-derived factors(BDFs).BDFs act as a medium through which bones can exert targeted regulatory functions upon various organs,thereby underscoring the profound and concrete implications of bone in human physiology.Nevertheless,there remains a pressing need for further investigations to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that inform the effects of bone on other body systems.This review aims to summarize the current findings related to the roles of these significant modulators across different organs and metabolic contexts by regulating critical genes and signaling pathways in vivo.It also addresses their involvement in the pathogenesis of various diseases affecting the musculoskeletal system,circulatory system,glucose and lipid metabolism,central nervous system,urinary system,and reproductive system.The insights gained from this review may contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies through a focused approach to bone secretomes.Continued research into BDFs is expected to enhance our understanding of bone as a multifunctional organ with diverse regulatory roles in human health.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project:Research on the Mechanism of Shisiwei Jianzhong Decoction in Treating Non-severe Aplastic Anemia with Kidney Yang Deficiency Based on the C Vactivated T Nuclear Factor(NFATc4)(2020ZB086)Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Youth Talent Plan Project:Study on the Academic thought and Clinical Application of Professor Zhou Yuhong in the Treatment of Chronic Aplastic Anemia(2021ZQ029)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Shisiwei Jianzhong decoction(十四味建中汤,SJD)on non-severe aplastic anemia(NSAA).METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)were isolated from bone marrow samples of 15 NSAA patients and 3 healthy controls.Cells were treated with gradient concentrations of SJD,and a portion was transfected with a vector overexpressing the nuclear factor of activated T cells,cytoplasmic 4(NFATC4).Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry,respectively.After adipogenic differentiation induction,lipid droplet formation in BMSCs was examined by Oil Red O staining.The expression of NFATC4,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG),fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator(PGC-1α),and acetylated PGC-1αwas measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot.RESULTS:SJD significantly increased the viability and decreased the apoptosis of NSAA-derived BMSCs.It also dose-dependently inhibited lipid droplet formation and decreased the expression of PPARG and FABP4 in NSAA-derived BMSCs.NFATC4 expression was higher in patients with NSAA than in healthy controls,and SJD downregulated its expression.NFATC4 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of SJD on adipogenic differentiation.Additionally,SJD promoted the deacetylation of PGC-1αin NSAA-derived BMSCs,which was also partially eliminated by NFATC4 overexpression.CONCLUSIONS:SJD inhibits adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through downregulating NFATC4,thereby contributing to the remission of NSAA.
文摘BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of disability and death.Despite advances in modern medical technology that improve acute treatment and rehabilitation measures,post-stroke anxiety and depression(PSD)do not receive sufficient attention.AIM To systematically evaluate risk factors and early identification markers for PSD for more precise screening and intervention strategies in clinical practice.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 112 patients with ischemic stroke admitted between January 2022 and December 2024.Based on assessments using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAMA)and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)at 2 weeks(±3 days)post-stroke,patients were classified into the PSD group(HAMA≥7 and/or HAMD≥7)and the non-PSD group(HAMA<7 and HAMD<7).Observation indicators included psychological assessment,demographic and clinical characteristics,stroke-related clinical indicators,neuroimaging assessments,and laboratory biomarkers.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for PSD,and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of potential biomarkers.RESULTS Of the 112 patients,46(41.1%)were diagnosed with PSD.Multivariate analysis identified five independent risk factors:Female gender[Odds ratio(OR)=2.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.56-3.45],history of mental disorders prior to stroke(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.89-5.32),infarct location in the frontal lobe or limbic system(OR=2.86,95%CI:1.73-4.71),stroke severity with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale≥8 at admission(OR=2.54,95%CI:1.62-3.99),and low social support(Social Support Rating Scale<35,OR=2.18,95%CI:1.42-3.36).Subgroup analysis showed that depression patients more commonly had left hemisphere lesions(68.4%vs 45.2%),while anxiety patients more frequently presented with right hemisphere lesions(59.5%vs 39.5%).The PSD group exhibited larger infarct volumes(8.7 cm^(3) vs 5.3 cm^(3)),more severe white matter hyperintensities,and more pronounced frontal lobe atrophy.Analysis of inflammatory markers showed significantly elevated levels of interleukin-6(7.8 pg/mL vs 4.5 pg/mL)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(15.6 pg/mL vs 9.8 pg/mL)in the PSD group,while hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis function assessment revealed higher cortisol levels(386.5±92.3 nmol/L vs 328.7±75.6 nmol/L)and flattened diurnal rhythm in the PSD group.CONCLUSION PSD is a complex neuropsychiatric consequence of stroke involving disruption of the frontal-limbic circuitry,neuroinflammatory responses,and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
