The ever-increasing interest in retaining a youthful physical appearance has facilitated the development of various minimally invasive dermatological techniques.The use of intradermal fillers can be incorporated into ...The ever-increasing interest in retaining a youthful physical appearance has facilitated the development of various minimally invasive dermatological techniques.The use of intradermal fillers can be incorporated into dermatological practices with minimal overhead costs.This strategy addresses facial volume loss and dynamic lines,which are the main features of facial aging.Moreover,intradermal fillers provide an array of flexible treatment options for a balanced and holistic result to dermatological practitioners.This paper reviews the different intradermal fillers categorized by biodegradable and non-permanent fillers including collagen based materials,hyaluronic acid and autologous fat,semi-permanent fillers including poly methyl methacrylate,poly-L-lactic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite microspheres,and permanent fillers including silicone.A discussion is provided of the commercial products made of these materials and their clinical efficacy in the treatment of facial aging.展开更多
Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together...Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together adjacent sulci. This follicle-sulcus-crack complex (FSCC) is exacerbated by dehydration. Purpose: Although dehydration is associated with facial skin aging, FSCC’s implications in facial skin aging remain unresolved. Method: We measured facial skin parameters in 1999 and 2010 in 108 Japanese women, and in 2006 and 2016 in 182 Chinese women. We addressed whether expansion of FSCC is associated with other skin aging parameters. We also examined whether skin moisturizer can reverse the expanded FSCC. Results: In both clinical studies, FSCC severity as well as wrinkles, spots, and roughness significantly deteriorated with age. Notably, FSCC significantly increased as early as in subjects in their 20s, whereas wrinkles, spots, and roughness became conspicuous in those in their 40s or older. Moreover, subjects with more severe FSCC in the initial measurement exhibited significantly worse wrinkles, spots, and roughness in the second measurement a decade later. Dehydration was significantly correlated with expanded FSCC. Furthermore, FSCC expansion was reversed after appropriate moisturization by daily application of Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF)-containing skincare product (SK-II Skin Power Cream) for 4 weeks in 37 women. Conclusion: The expanded FSCC is likely to be an early indicator of facial skin aging. Appropriate moisturization may reduce FSCC formation and decelerate facial skin aging.展开更多
Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss...Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Recent advances in coherence tomography have also revealed that skin aging affects in vivo epidermal keratinocyte architecture. However, the interconnectivity between spatial architectural aging and visual/physiological aging parameters remains largely unknown. Purpose: To elucidate whether the tomographic keratinocyte architectural aging is correlated with visual and physiological skin aging parameters and to quantitatively evaluate the improvements of the architectural, visual, and physiological aging parameters by the daily treatment of the skin care formula containing Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF, 8X Pitera<sup>TM</sup>). Method: We measured the in vivo keratinocyte cellular architecture with two-photon stereoscopic tomography obtaining by-layer epidermal section images in 78 Asian females of various ages. Visual aging parameters were analyzed using a portable image capture system. Hydration and TEWL were also assessed. The anti-aging effects of GFF-containing skin moisturizer (SK-II LXP Cream<sup>TM</sup>) were also examined in two studies after twice-daily application for 2 (N = 35) and 4 (N = 32) weeks. Results: As for the keratinocyte cellular architecture, skin aging was significantly associated with decreased cell density and increased cell uniformity. These architectural aging parameters were significantly correlated with visual and physiological aging parameters, namely, rough texture, wrinkles, pore dilation, dull skin tone, dehydration, and increased TEWL. The strong interconnectivity allowed us to develop formulae to estimate the keratinocyte architecture from visual aging parameters. Moreover, twice-daily application of SK-II significantly improved the keratinocyte architecture associated with multiple skin aging visual and physiological parameters. Conclusion: Skin aging is a process involving mutual interconnections among epidermal keratinocyte cellular architecture, visual, and physiological parameters. The GFF-containing moisturizer SK-II effectively improves spatial architecture of keratinocytes in epidermis and these evaluated skin aging parameters in a new trajectory over the course of treatment. .展开更多
Background: Facial skin aging is a major concern, especially among women. For many, it is important to limit facial skin aging and maintain youthful healthy skin for as long as possible. However, little research has l...Background: Facial skin aging is a major concern, especially among women. For many, it is important to limit facial skin aging and maintain youthful healthy skin for as long as possible. However, little research has longitudinally investigated the efficacy of skincare product usage on facial skin aging. Therefore, we conducted a quantitative survey to longitudinally compare the skin of individuals with continuous long-term use of the same skincare formula to that of control participants. Purpose: To elucidate anti skin aging benefit by longitudinal usage of the same skin care formula, and whether skin aging-related SNPs variation influenced on the skin aging. Method: We measured facial skin aging parameters of texture, pore, wrinkles and tone together with skin hydration and elasticity in 141 East Asian females (mean age 47.1, SD 7.81) who had continually used the same anti-aging skincare formula (SK-II Facial Treatment Essence: FTE) containing Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (Pitera) from a young age. The average duration of FTE use in this group was 13.1 ± 7.81 years. As a control, we also included 137 Asian females (mean age 47.3, SD 9.51) with no history of using the FTE product. In addition, the skin aging-related SNPs [GPX1 (rs1050450), SOD2 (rs4880), and MMP1 (rs1799750)] were determined using oral cavity swab samples and PCR to understand the genetic potential or predisposition for skin aging. Result: The findings demonstrated that the Long-term FTE group had excellent skin appearance and physical properties for all measured variables, namely, skin texture, pores, wrinkles, tone, spots, hydration, TEWL, and mechanical elasticity, which were significantly better than those of the Control group. There were significant relationships between the parameters of skin aging appearance and skin aging-related SNPs in the Control group, however, not in the Long-term FTE group. Moreover, the frequencies of genotypes of skin aging-related SNPs did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that longitudinal usage of an appropriate cosmetic agent from a younger age is beneficial and decelerates facial skin aging.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Observational research findings have demonstrated correlations between diet and the process of aging.Nevertheless,there remains uncertainty regarding possible disruption caused by confounding...Background and Objectives:Observational research findings have demonstrated correlations between diet and the process of aging.Nevertheless,there remains uncertainty regarding possible disruption caused by confounding variables.To elucidate the connections between diet and aging,we employed the Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods and Study Design:The exposure factor was the daily diet,whereas accelerated aging was measured through telomere length,facial aging(FA),frailty index(FI),and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes(SASPs),representing the outcome factors.The primary analysis employed IVW analysis,with additional MR-Egger and Weighted Median analyses conducted to assess the reliability of the findings.Furthermore,we analyzed the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of the results.Results:The results revealed that the consumption of salad/raw vegetables and oily fish exhibited a negative correlation with FA,whereas coffee intake showed a positive correlation with FA.On the other hand,the intake of cheese,oily fish,dried fruit,and cereal showed negative associations with FI.Additionally,coffee,alcohol,and pork intake were positively associated with FI.Lastly,the intake of bread exhibited a positively correlated with SASPs,while the intake of cheese and coffee showed a negative correlation with SASPs.Conclusions:Our study revealed that the consumption of cheese,vegetables,oily fish,dried fruit,bread,coffee,and alcohol was associated with the aging process.Interestingly,our findings suggest that coffee intake may accelerate aging,whereas intake of oily fish may delay the aging process.However,it is important to note that further well-designed prospective studies are required to validate our findings in the future.展开更多
Aim:Skin firmness is one of the key parameters to define skin quality and facial aging.Among the minimally invasive anti-aging strategies,hyaluronic acid(HA)injection is widely accepted to improve skin quality.While m...Aim:Skin firmness is one of the key parameters to define skin quality and facial aging.Among the minimally invasive anti-aging strategies,hyaluronic acid(HA)injection is widely accepted to improve skin quality.While most of the available HA injectables are designed and intended for intradermal injection,a novel HA/sorbitol composition containing 2.6% high molecular weight hyaluronic acid stabilized by sorbitol was recently developed to be specifically injected into the adipose tissue to improve the quality of all skin layers,especially the skin firmness.Methods:The HA/sorbitol composition was investigated versus product comparators in terms of biophysical properties,tolerance in subcutaneous tissue with in vivo implantation study,and skin firmness assessment on human skin explants.Results:The HA/sorbitol composition was characterized by unique and differentiated biophysical properties,proper distribution and high tolerance of the gel composition into the adipose tissue,and the ability to efficiently improve skin firmness.Conclusion:The HA/sorbitol composition represents a new attractive solution to treat facial skin aging with an injection strategy specifically targeting the adipose tissue instead of the dermis,to improve the quality of the skin.展开更多
Aim:Hyaluronic acid(HA)injectables have gained rapid acceptance for the treatment of skin rejuvenation.A novel HA/sorbitol composition intended for skin quality improvement containing 2.6%of high molecular weight HA s...Aim:Hyaluronic acid(HA)injectables have gained rapid acceptance for the treatment of skin rejuvenation.A novel HA/sorbitol composition intended for skin quality improvement containing 2.6%of high molecular weight HA stabilized by sorbitol was recently designed to be injected subcutaneously.The aim of this study was to assess the expression of biological markers of skin quality after administration of the composition.Methods:The HA/sorbitol composition was evaluated after injection into the superficial adipose tissue with ex vivo cultured human skin explants versus a product comparator to study the general morphology of the skin tissues and the expression of HA,elastin,collagen type Ⅰ,collagen type Ⅲ,and fibrillin-1 in the dermal layer.Results:The results demonstrate that the HA/sorbitol composition is able to boost the production of HA,elastin,collagen type Ⅰ,collagen type Ⅲ,and fibrillin-1 in the dermis while providing a proper quality of skin morphology.Conclusion:The HA/sorbitol composition improved biological markers of skin quality in the dermis after product injection into the superficial adipose tissue.This novel composition can be considered as an attractive solution to treat skin aging by injecting a specific HA/sorbitol formulation to strategically target the subcutaneous tissue to improve the quality of the different layers of the skin.展开更多
文摘The ever-increasing interest in retaining a youthful physical appearance has facilitated the development of various minimally invasive dermatological techniques.The use of intradermal fillers can be incorporated into dermatological practices with minimal overhead costs.This strategy addresses facial volume loss and dynamic lines,which are the main features of facial aging.Moreover,intradermal fillers provide an array of flexible treatment options for a balanced and holistic result to dermatological practitioners.This paper reviews the different intradermal fillers categorized by biodegradable and non-permanent fillers including collagen based materials,hyaluronic acid and autologous fat,semi-permanent fillers including poly methyl methacrylate,poly-L-lactic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite microspheres,and permanent fillers including silicone.A discussion is provided of the commercial products made of these materials and their clinical efficacy in the treatment of facial aging.
文摘Background: Wrinkles, pigmented spots, and roughness are representative parameters reflecting facial skin aging. Sulci cutis connecting to follicular orifices frequently form perifollicular cracks, which join together adjacent sulci. This follicle-sulcus-crack complex (FSCC) is exacerbated by dehydration. Purpose: Although dehydration is associated with facial skin aging, FSCC’s implications in facial skin aging remain unresolved. Method: We measured facial skin parameters in 1999 and 2010 in 108 Japanese women, and in 2006 and 2016 in 182 Chinese women. We addressed whether expansion of FSCC is associated with other skin aging parameters. We also examined whether skin moisturizer can reverse the expanded FSCC. Results: In both clinical studies, FSCC severity as well as wrinkles, spots, and roughness significantly deteriorated with age. Notably, FSCC significantly increased as early as in subjects in their 20s, whereas wrinkles, spots, and roughness became conspicuous in those in their 40s or older. Moreover, subjects with more severe FSCC in the initial measurement exhibited significantly worse wrinkles, spots, and roughness in the second measurement a decade later. Dehydration was significantly correlated with expanded FSCC. Furthermore, FSCC expansion was reversed after appropriate moisturization by daily application of Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF)-containing skincare product (SK-II Skin Power Cream) for 4 weeks in 37 women. Conclusion: The expanded FSCC is likely to be an early indicator of facial skin aging. Appropriate moisturization may reduce FSCC formation and decelerate facial skin aging.
文摘Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Recent advances in coherence tomography have also revealed that skin aging affects in vivo epidermal keratinocyte architecture. However, the interconnectivity between spatial architectural aging and visual/physiological aging parameters remains largely unknown. Purpose: To elucidate whether the tomographic keratinocyte architectural aging is correlated with visual and physiological skin aging parameters and to quantitatively evaluate the improvements of the architectural, visual, and physiological aging parameters by the daily treatment of the skin care formula containing Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF, 8X Pitera<sup>TM</sup>). Method: We measured the in vivo keratinocyte cellular architecture with two-photon stereoscopic tomography obtaining by-layer epidermal section images in 78 Asian females of various ages. Visual aging parameters were analyzed using a portable image capture system. Hydration and TEWL were also assessed. The anti-aging effects of GFF-containing skin moisturizer (SK-II LXP Cream<sup>TM</sup>) were also examined in two studies after twice-daily application for 2 (N = 35) and 4 (N = 32) weeks. Results: As for the keratinocyte cellular architecture, skin aging was significantly associated with decreased cell density and increased cell uniformity. These architectural aging parameters were significantly correlated with visual and physiological aging parameters, namely, rough texture, wrinkles, pore dilation, dull skin tone, dehydration, and increased TEWL. The strong interconnectivity allowed us to develop formulae to estimate the keratinocyte architecture from visual aging parameters. Moreover, twice-daily application of SK-II significantly improved the keratinocyte architecture associated with multiple skin aging visual and physiological parameters. Conclusion: Skin aging is a process involving mutual interconnections among epidermal keratinocyte cellular architecture, visual, and physiological parameters. The GFF-containing moisturizer SK-II effectively improves spatial architecture of keratinocytes in epidermis and these evaluated skin aging parameters in a new trajectory over the course of treatment. .
文摘Background: Facial skin aging is a major concern, especially among women. For many, it is important to limit facial skin aging and maintain youthful healthy skin for as long as possible. However, little research has longitudinally investigated the efficacy of skincare product usage on facial skin aging. Therefore, we conducted a quantitative survey to longitudinally compare the skin of individuals with continuous long-term use of the same skincare formula to that of control participants. Purpose: To elucidate anti skin aging benefit by longitudinal usage of the same skin care formula, and whether skin aging-related SNPs variation influenced on the skin aging. Method: We measured facial skin aging parameters of texture, pore, wrinkles and tone together with skin hydration and elasticity in 141 East Asian females (mean age 47.1, SD 7.81) who had continually used the same anti-aging skincare formula (SK-II Facial Treatment Essence: FTE) containing Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (Pitera) from a young age. The average duration of FTE use in this group was 13.1 ± 7.81 years. As a control, we also included 137 Asian females (mean age 47.3, SD 9.51) with no history of using the FTE product. In addition, the skin aging-related SNPs [GPX1 (rs1050450), SOD2 (rs4880), and MMP1 (rs1799750)] were determined using oral cavity swab samples and PCR to understand the genetic potential or predisposition for skin aging. Result: The findings demonstrated that the Long-term FTE group had excellent skin appearance and physical properties for all measured variables, namely, skin texture, pores, wrinkles, tone, spots, hydration, TEWL, and mechanical elasticity, which were significantly better than those of the Control group. There were significant relationships between the parameters of skin aging appearance and skin aging-related SNPs in the Control group, however, not in the Long-term FTE group. Moreover, the frequencies of genotypes of skin aging-related SNPs did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that longitudinal usage of an appropriate cosmetic agent from a younger age is beneficial and decelerates facial skin aging.
基金supported by Nanjing Health Commission(YKK21118).
文摘Background and Objectives:Observational research findings have demonstrated correlations between diet and the process of aging.Nevertheless,there remains uncertainty regarding possible disruption caused by confounding variables.To elucidate the connections between diet and aging,we employed the Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods and Study Design:The exposure factor was the daily diet,whereas accelerated aging was measured through telomere length,facial aging(FA),frailty index(FI),and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes(SASPs),representing the outcome factors.The primary analysis employed IVW analysis,with additional MR-Egger and Weighted Median analyses conducted to assess the reliability of the findings.Furthermore,we analyzed the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of the results.Results:The results revealed that the consumption of salad/raw vegetables and oily fish exhibited a negative correlation with FA,whereas coffee intake showed a positive correlation with FA.On the other hand,the intake of cheese,oily fish,dried fruit,and cereal showed negative associations with FI.Additionally,coffee,alcohol,and pork intake were positively associated with FI.Lastly,the intake of bread exhibited a positively correlated with SASPs,while the intake of cheese and coffee showed a negative correlation with SASPs.Conclusions:Our study revealed that the consumption of cheese,vegetables,oily fish,dried fruit,bread,coffee,and alcohol was associated with the aging process.Interestingly,our findings suggest that coffee intake may accelerate aging,whereas intake of oily fish may delay the aging process.However,it is important to note that further well-designed prospective studies are required to validate our findings in the future.
基金Kylane Laboratoires SA provided the logistical and financial support for the execution of this study.
文摘Aim:Skin firmness is one of the key parameters to define skin quality and facial aging.Among the minimally invasive anti-aging strategies,hyaluronic acid(HA)injection is widely accepted to improve skin quality.While most of the available HA injectables are designed and intended for intradermal injection,a novel HA/sorbitol composition containing 2.6% high molecular weight hyaluronic acid stabilized by sorbitol was recently developed to be specifically injected into the adipose tissue to improve the quality of all skin layers,especially the skin firmness.Methods:The HA/sorbitol composition was investigated versus product comparators in terms of biophysical properties,tolerance in subcutaneous tissue with in vivo implantation study,and skin firmness assessment on human skin explants.Results:The HA/sorbitol composition was characterized by unique and differentiated biophysical properties,proper distribution and high tolerance of the gel composition into the adipose tissue,and the ability to efficiently improve skin firmness.Conclusion:The HA/sorbitol composition represents a new attractive solution to treat facial skin aging with an injection strategy specifically targeting the adipose tissue instead of the dermis,to improve the quality of the skin.
基金Kylane Laboratoires SA provided the logistical and financial support for the execution of this study.
文摘Aim:Hyaluronic acid(HA)injectables have gained rapid acceptance for the treatment of skin rejuvenation.A novel HA/sorbitol composition intended for skin quality improvement containing 2.6%of high molecular weight HA stabilized by sorbitol was recently designed to be injected subcutaneously.The aim of this study was to assess the expression of biological markers of skin quality after administration of the composition.Methods:The HA/sorbitol composition was evaluated after injection into the superficial adipose tissue with ex vivo cultured human skin explants versus a product comparator to study the general morphology of the skin tissues and the expression of HA,elastin,collagen type Ⅰ,collagen type Ⅲ,and fibrillin-1 in the dermal layer.Results:The results demonstrate that the HA/sorbitol composition is able to boost the production of HA,elastin,collagen type Ⅰ,collagen type Ⅲ,and fibrillin-1 in the dermis while providing a proper quality of skin morphology.Conclusion:The HA/sorbitol composition improved biological markers of skin quality in the dermis after product injection into the superficial adipose tissue.This novel composition can be considered as an attractive solution to treat skin aging by injecting a specific HA/sorbitol formulation to strategically target the subcutaneous tissue to improve the quality of the different layers of the skin.
