Facial emotion recognition is an essential and important aspect of the field of human-machine interaction.Past research on facial emotion recognition focuses on the laboratory environment.However,it faces many challen...Facial emotion recognition is an essential and important aspect of the field of human-machine interaction.Past research on facial emotion recognition focuses on the laboratory environment.However,it faces many challenges in real-world conditions,i.e.,illumination changes,large pose variations and partial or full occlusions.Those challenges lead to different face areas with different degrees of sharpness and completeness.Inspired by this fact,we focus on the authenticity of predictions generated by different<emotion,region>pairs.For example,if only the mouth areas are available and the emotion classifier predicts happiness,then there is a question of how to judge the authenticity of predictions.This problem can be converted into the contribution of different face areas to different emotions.In this paper,we divide the whole face into six areas:nose areas,mouth areas,eyes areas,nose to mouth areas,nose to eyes areas and mouth to eyes areas.To obtain more convincing results,our experiments are conducted on three different databases:facial expression recognition+(FER+),real-world affective faces database(RAF-DB)and expression in-the-wild(ExpW)dataset.Through analysis of the classification accuracy,the confusion matrix and the class activation map(CAM),we can establish convincing results.To sum up,the contributions of this paper lie in two areas:1)We visualize concerned areas of human faces in emotion recognition;2)We analyze the contribution of different face areas to different emotions in real-world conditions through experimental analysis.Our findings can be combined with findings in psychology to promote the understanding of emotional expressions.展开更多
The Turin Shroud, recently accessible for hands-on scientific research, is now extensively investigated. Its pinkish red blood stains that seem anomalous ones are studied by modern techniques (notably by resolute opti...The Turin Shroud, recently accessible for hands-on scientific research, is now extensively investigated. Its pinkish red blood stains that seem anomalous ones are studied by modern techniques (notably by resolute optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray). Exploration by these techniques of a blood stain located on the face permits us to discover some red-colour particles (hematite, biotite and cinnabar) of exogenous material in this stain. We finally characterize these red-colour particles and try to explain their presences in the blood stain. Globally, all these red-colour particles cannot explain all of the reddish appearance of the area under study.展开更多
在黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区薯麦轮作田地建立气象部门首家FACE系统(Free Air CO2 En-richment),即CO2浓度的控制和监测系统平台,由中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所建在定西半干旱生态环境与试验基地。该平台由CO2气体供应装置、控制系统...在黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区薯麦轮作田地建立气象部门首家FACE系统(Free Air CO2 En-richment),即CO2浓度的控制和监测系统平台,由中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所建在定西半干旱生态环境与试验基地。该平台由CO2气体供应装置、控制系统、释放系统3大部分组成,它是利用计算机网络系统对平台的CO2浓度进行监测控制,根据作物冠层高度的CO2浓度、风向、风速、昼夜的变化调节CO2气体的释放速度及方向,实现FACE圈的CO2浓度高于周围大气CO2浓度某一数值。该平台旨在研究雨养农业区CO2浓度升高及其与温度、水分、养分等偶合对农作物生长过程、生理生态特征、生物量、产量等的影响,为该地区适应未来不同气候变化情景提供科学依据。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research & Development Plan of China (No. 2017YFB1002804)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61425017, 61773379, 61332017, 61603390 and 61771472)the Major Program for the 325 National Social Science Fund of China (No. 13&ZD189)
文摘Facial emotion recognition is an essential and important aspect of the field of human-machine interaction.Past research on facial emotion recognition focuses on the laboratory environment.However,it faces many challenges in real-world conditions,i.e.,illumination changes,large pose variations and partial or full occlusions.Those challenges lead to different face areas with different degrees of sharpness and completeness.Inspired by this fact,we focus on the authenticity of predictions generated by different<emotion,region>pairs.For example,if only the mouth areas are available and the emotion classifier predicts happiness,then there is a question of how to judge the authenticity of predictions.This problem can be converted into the contribution of different face areas to different emotions.In this paper,we divide the whole face into six areas:nose areas,mouth areas,eyes areas,nose to mouth areas,nose to eyes areas and mouth to eyes areas.To obtain more convincing results,our experiments are conducted on three different databases:facial expression recognition+(FER+),real-world affective faces database(RAF-DB)and expression in-the-wild(ExpW)dataset.Through analysis of the classification accuracy,the confusion matrix and the class activation map(CAM),we can establish convincing results.To sum up,the contributions of this paper lie in two areas:1)We visualize concerned areas of human faces in emotion recognition;2)We analyze the contribution of different face areas to different emotions in real-world conditions through experimental analysis.Our findings can be combined with findings in psychology to promote the understanding of emotional expressions.
文摘The Turin Shroud, recently accessible for hands-on scientific research, is now extensively investigated. Its pinkish red blood stains that seem anomalous ones are studied by modern techniques (notably by resolute optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray). Exploration by these techniques of a blood stain located on the face permits us to discover some red-colour particles (hematite, biotite and cinnabar) of exogenous material in this stain. We finally characterize these red-colour particles and try to explain their presences in the blood stain. Globally, all these red-colour particles cannot explain all of the reddish appearance of the area under study.
文摘在黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区薯麦轮作田地建立气象部门首家FACE系统(Free Air CO2 En-richment),即CO2浓度的控制和监测系统平台,由中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所建在定西半干旱生态环境与试验基地。该平台由CO2气体供应装置、控制系统、释放系统3大部分组成,它是利用计算机网络系统对平台的CO2浓度进行监测控制,根据作物冠层高度的CO2浓度、风向、风速、昼夜的变化调节CO2气体的释放速度及方向,实现FACE圈的CO2浓度高于周围大气CO2浓度某一数值。该平台旨在研究雨养农业区CO2浓度升高及其与温度、水分、养分等偶合对农作物生长过程、生理生态特征、生物量、产量等的影响,为该地区适应未来不同气候变化情景提供科学依据。
